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Exercise 1:: (A. Decline B. Decrease C. Drop D. Improvement E. Reduction)

The document discusses organizational citizenship behavior and how it can be encouraged and rewarded, especially across different cultures. While OCB is important for organizations, there is debate on how to encourage it given differences in Western and other cultures. Shape memory alloys can return to their original shape when heated by changing crystal structure, with some common uses being in medical implants and devices.

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Jon Mick
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162 views2 pages

Exercise 1:: (A. Decline B. Decrease C. Drop D. Improvement E. Reduction)

The document discusses organizational citizenship behavior and how it can be encouraged and rewarded, especially across different cultures. While OCB is important for organizations, there is debate on how to encourage it given differences in Western and other cultures. Shape memory alloys can return to their original shape when heated by changing crystal structure, with some common uses being in medical implants and devices.

Uploaded by

Jon Mick
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Exercise 1: Supply linking words or phrases to enhance the flow of one of these passages.

Look carefully
at the punctuation to help you make an appropriate choice. Once you have made your choices, consider
why the linking words are important and why an old-to-new pattern of information flow alone might not
be adequate.

A.
It has long been documented that individuals in an organization may voluntarily carry out tasks that are
not part of their regular job duties. _____________, individuals may go above and beyond the call of
duty to help coworkers, prevent problems, or volunteer to stay late when not expected to do so. This
behavior is intended to help others in the organization or the organization itself and is often referred to
as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).

_____________ it is recognized that OCB is important for an organization to effectively function, there is
debate among researchers as to how OCB can be encouraged
and rewarded. This debate is further complicated when considering the role of OCB in multinational
corporations pursuing global diversity. Most OCB research has focused on Western cultures;
_____________, whether these research findings can be extended to other cultures is not clear,
_____________ suggesting a need to investigate OCB as it exists in other cultures, particularly those
described as “collectivist.”

B.
Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are a group of metallic materials that can return to some previously defined
shape or size when subjected to the appropriate temperature. When some SMA are cold they can be
deformed at a low temperature; _____________, when the material is heated above this temperature it
undergoes a change in crystal structure, _____________ causing it to return to its original shape. Some
materials exhibit shape memory
only when heated; others can undergo a shape change both when heated and when cooled.
_____________ many alloys are known to have the ability to “remember” their shape, only some may
actually find widespread commercial use. Of particular interest are those that can recover substantial
amounts of strain or that generate significant force upon changing shape. _____________, one common
nickel and titanium SMA, Nitinol, has this ability and is being used in surgical implants, clamps, miniature
valves and switches, and other devices.

Exercise 2: Choose a noun to complete the second sentence of each set of sentences. More than one
answer may be possible.

1. According to a recent survey, 26% of all American adults, down from 38% 30 years ago, now smoke.
This _____________ can be partly attributed to the mounting evidence linking smoking and fatal
diseases, such as cancer.
(a. decline b. decrease c. drop d. improvement e. reduction)

Can you think of any other nouns that could complete the sentence?
___________________________________________________
2. Early in September each year, the population of Ann Arbor, Michigan, suddenly increases by about
25,000 as students arrive for the new academic year. This _____________ changes the character of the
town in a number of ways.
(a. increase b. influx c. invasion d. jump e. rise)

Can you think of any other nouns that could complete the sentence?
___________________________________________________

3. Nowadays, laptop computers are lighter, more powerful, and easier to use than they were five years
ago. These ____________ have led to an increase in the sales of these machines.
(a. advances b. changes c. developments d. improvements)

Can you think of any other nouns that could complete the sentence?
___________________________________________________

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