Scribd
Upload
192 views3 pages

Pathophysiology of Diabetes Insipidus: DX: Serum ADH

Neurogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin, which can be due to trauma, tumors, or infections affecting the pituitary stalk or hypothalamus. This prevents the kidneys from concentrating urine, resulting in excessive urine production and thirst. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by kidney insensitivity to vasopressin due to genetic mutations or drugs, impairing water reabsorption and also causing excessive urination and thirst. Both conditions result in dehydration and elevated serum sodium if not treated with vasopressin replacement or thiazide diuretics.

Uploaded by

kristian markus delos santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
192 views3 pages

Pathophysiology of Diabetes Insipidus: DX: Serum ADH

Neurogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of the antidiuretic hormone vasopressin, which can be due to trauma, tumors, or infections affecting the pituitary stalk or hypothalamus. This prevents the kidneys from concentrating urine, resulting in excessive urine production and thirst. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by kidney insensitivity to vasopressin due to genetic mutations or drugs, impairing water reabsorption and also causing excessive urination and thirst. Both conditions result in dehydration and elevated serum sodium if not treated with vasopressin replacement or thiazide diuretics.

Uploaded by

kristian markus delos santos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF DIABETES INSIPIDUS

Neurogenic Diabetes
Insipidus Nephrogenic Diabetes
Insipidus

Predisposing Factors Predisposing Factors Precipitating Factors


Precipitating Factors
Pituitary hypogenesis Male Sickle cell disease
Trauma to pituitary stalk
   •    AVP-neurophysin Genetic- mutation in the Drugs such as demeclocyline, lithium,
Hypothalamic/ Pituitary AVPR2 gene, encoding aminoglycosides
   •    Wolfram syndrome the renal vasopressin V2
Surgery
receptor Pyelonephritis
Tumors, Ischemia, Viral X-linked recessive
Electrolyte imbalance
encephalitis and meningitis

Renal insensitivity to the effect of vasopressin

Deficient or absent excretion of ADH


Dx: Serum ADH

V1 and V2 receptors in the kidneys are not stimulated

No activation of adenyl cyclase and cyclic AMP (second


messenger)

Aquapourin 2, which is a water Aquaporins 3 & 4 is the water channels


channel membrane protein that located in the basolateral membrane not
responds through the action of altered by ADH. Water reabsorption is
cAMP is deactivated. not altered there

Collecting tubules fail to increase


Water reabsorption does not occur in the luminal membrane water permeability
Dx: Water Deprivation
Test
Excretion of an increased Decreased body Rise in plasma osmolality
Desmopressin volume of dilute urine water Thiazide
diuretics

Indomethacin
Decreased urine Thirst mechanism is stimulated
specific gravity

Increase in water uptake Polydipsia

Osmolality of body fluid stabilizes at a new higher level that approximates the
osmotic threshold for thirst

Serum Na
Hypernatremia Dehydration

Fatigue Polyuria

Hypotension Dry Mucus Membranes

References: http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=VQSSnC-
csvoC&pg=PT87&dq=central+diabetes+insipidus http://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=aRIh19rGY7QC&pg=PT521&dq=neurogenic+diabetes+insipidus+PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

http://books.google.com.ph/books?
id=6gezJTHaAVMC&pg=PA44&dq=neurogenic+diabetes+insipidus+pathophysiology

http://www.mdconsult.com/books/

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy