Volume 6, Issue 5, May – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Curfew Hours in Ilocos Norte

JOHN MYKKO V. ANDRES RONDAN JAY B. RAMOS
Data Center College of the Philippines-Laoag Data Center College of the Philippines-Laoag

ALDRICH A. JAMES RONABELLE B. SOTELO

Data Center College of the Philippines-Laoag Data Center College of the Philippines-Laoag

JAYSON R. JAMES JAY RHODNEY D. UMAYAS

Data Center College of the Philippines-Laoag Data Center College of the Philippines-Laoag

MADELYN P. ESTRADA CASSANDRA B. PARAGGUA

Data Center College of the Philippines-Laoag Data Center College of the Philippines-Laoag

Abstract:- This study was undertaken to determine the of this study as their basis to enhance the implementation
implementation of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte. The of curfew hours.
study made use of a quantitative research method through
a descriptive research design. Five (5) Barangay Officials Keywords:- Curfew Hours, Implementation, Problems
and 15 Barangay residents of selected Barangays from the Encountered to Curfew Hours, Coping Mechanisms.
municipalities of Dingras, Sarrat, San Nicolas and Banna,
Ilocos Norte were taken as respondents. I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Percentage and frequency was used to analyze the Introduction

demographic profile of the respondents and weighted Safety is something that the world needs. And the
mean was used to determine the level of implementation government is imposing rules and regulations to follow for
and the problems encountered by Barangay officials and the security of its people wherein these could inhibit them in
residents on the implementation of curfew hours. their wrongdoings and to prevent them from harm and threat.
The findings of the study revealed that most of the
respondents are between 26-30 with a frequency of 24 or The government has responded to the Corona Virus
20.00%. Majority of the respondents are male (70.83%) Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Philippines with
and majority of them lived in the poblacion or urban various restrictions to avoid the spread of the virus such as
areas. lockdowns, limited movement of people aside from the
On level of implementation of curfew hours, the study residents who are authorized to go out, and closing of
showed that the enforcement of curfew hours is "always" schools, parks, and other public places where people may
implemented. However, though the results showed that it gather. On March 7,2020, the first localized transmission was
is always implemented, there are times when Barangay recorded which caused the Department of Heath (DOH) to
officials and residents encountered problem in the raise the emergency level to Code Red Sub-Level 1 and the
implementation of curfew hours, though those problems President issued Proclamation No. 922, formally declaring a
are “sometimes” or “rarely” encountered. public health emergency and authorizing Local Government
Based on the findings, it was therefore recommended that Units (LGUs) to employ their Local Disaster Risk Reduction
the Barangay Officials as the implementers of curfew Management Agency. Furthermore, it is stipulated on the
hours in their respective area of responsibility should Executive Order No. 95 series of 2020 "Prescribing General
maximize the use of social media platforms like Facebook. Guidelines for the country while it is under Modified General
This social technological platform would serve as a great Community Quarantine", whereas, a general curfew from 9
help for the publication of curfew hours and its o’clock in the evening until 4 o’clock in the morning shall
consequences to increase the awareness of the residents. take effect in the entire country except for those who work in
In addition, Barangay Officials should develop a the medical field and other people who are authorized to go
scheduling scheme to conduct patrol prior and during the out in public.
implementation of curfew hours. Furthermore, the strict
implementation and giving of teeth to the law should also Curfews have been observed in many places even when
be observed. SK Officials should also develop programs the pandemic has not started yet. These are laws that limit the
for the students to refrain them from violating curfew action of the people and when violated, punishment follows.
hours because of academic requirements. Lastly, the Curfews are observed in cities and municipalities as a simple
Barangay Officials should adapt the proposed action plan method to reduce crime opportunities and to lessen the
instances where people may become crime victims. Curfews

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Volume 6, Issue 5, May – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
are beneficial because it gives control to the officials over the together to negate deviant tendencies. According to Reckless,
behavior of the residents especially the minors which a person’s behavior depends on what he or she wants most of
supports parental supervision (Ruffle & Reynolds, 1999). the time. A person has to follow rules and norms which the
inner and outer controls discourages him or her from
Curfews are promoted as beneficial to law enforcement; untypical instances. If he or she does not comply, a
they give police additional control over the presence and punishment is further given. Curfew laws aim to reduce
behavior of people on the street during curfew hours. They criminal acts as well as victimization which can also be said
are also endorsed as a valuable complement to parental as a general deterrence strategy. Wilson, et.al (2016) said that
supervision; they provide community support to parents curfews reduce committing and opportunity on crimes and
placing limits on the hours that their children may be out at when imposed, it prevents someone from engaging crimes,
night (Ruffle & Reynolds, 1999). McDowall (2000) added.

On these days of pandemic, it has been imposed to Deterrence Theory

lessen instances that people might be infected from the virus Deterrence is a theory that does not just punish on
and curfews have been made because of the belief that it criminal activities done by an individual but also discourages
deters crimes, harm, threat, and victimization. However, there people from committing the same mistake in the future. Some
are instances where a lot of people are violating this for people point into considerations where a high-profile offender
reasons. The Ilocos Norte Police Provincial Office (INPPO) receive a lighter sentence but some argues that a tougher
registered a more than 60% reduction in crime rate since the sentence would prevent an offender to commit the similar
implementation of the Luzon-wide enhanced community tragedy in the future. In connection to the speculation on the
quarantine (ECQ). The claim may be true or not; hence, this study by Lundman (2012), research on deterrence has
prompted the researchers to determine the level of shown lots of interest on street crimes. There's a
implementation of curfew in Ilocos Norte and to know the major correlation between curfew laws and therefore
problems they have encountered during the implementation. the reduction or deflection of deviant criminal activities. In
other words, strict curfew enforcement follows deterrence
Statement of the Problem theory, which argues that certain, swift, and severe
This study aimed to determine the level of punishments will cause juveniles to rationally weigh
implementation of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte. consequences and commit fewer criminal acts.

Specifically, this study sought answers to the following In connection, the researchers corresponded questions to
questions: ask among the local residents on what are the problems they
have encountered during its implementation. The researchers
1. What are the profiles of the respondents as to: also asked the Barangay Officials on what are the most
a. age; common instances that residents violated the order.
b. gender; and
c. area of residence? Conceptual Framework
Curfew is imposed in the Province of Ilocos Norte to
2. What is the level of implementation of curfew hours? reduce the number of crimes committed by the residents, to
3. What are the problems encountered by the respondents in promote enforcement of the law, and to lessen the spread of
the implementation of curfew hours? Covid-19 on these days of pandemic.

Theoretical Framework According to Galabin (2018), studies of curfews

This study used the following theories served as conducted by municipalities may have severe methodological
evidence and justification to the study. flaws of which does or may not necessarily prove that these
ordinances do not work. Analyzing such impacts are
Social Control Theory important because curfew policies can be thought of as
Curfews are made because of the idea that it limits the constituting treatments. Indeed, if, as basic economic models,
movement of people in public which may lessen crime, crime is a purposive activity, then curfew should only reduce
threat, and harm. Similarly, these controls are programmed delinquency if the technology used to produce this behavior is
and had been reinforced in an individual through social imperfectly substitutable between curfew and non-curfew
bonds. Usually, the family is the first agent to inculcate these hours (Becker, 1968).
bonds within an individual and it is beyond formed between
the individual and society. Thus, both the family and society With regards to this, curfew plays a major role in the
mold the actions, attitudes, and behavior of an individual. It society not only to reduce crime but to prevent the people to
has also been noted that curfew laws have the ability to become crime victims. It is along with this perspective, that
increase the parents’ control by limiting the time their this study was conceptualized and undertaken.
children to be out in public.
It is then important to look onto the implementation of
This study is anchored on Social Control Theory curfew hours to determine if it is highly observed and if there
developed by Walter Reckless (cited in David et al., 2016) is a need for improvement.
that posited a person’s inner and outer controls both work

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Volume 6, Issue 5, May – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
To come up with this study, the researchers gathered Students. The study could provide students a better
data from the five municipalities of the province of Ilocos understanding and awareness on the implementation of
Norte, which was then discussed and justified by these curfew and the problems that may arise during its
theories. implementation so they also avoid if in cases they encounter
it. With understanding and awareness of what curfew law
Figure 1 shows the paradigm of the study. It presents could possibly bring to community, the students can engage
how the researchers conducted the study which serves as the themselves in helping how to improve the place they belong
basis in the formulation of an action plan. Data in the profile to.
of the respondents, level of implementation of curfew hours,
and the problems encountered during the implementation Researchers. As future criminologists, this study could give
were tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted. The findings, benefits to them by examining the pros and cons of
implication, and insights from the survey was used as a basin implementing the curfew hours. With the results of the study,
in the formulation of an Action Plan for the Effective they would determine not only the value of law but how the
Implementation of Curfew Hours. law provides order and peace; hence, avoid victimization and
protect the people from potential harms as the state has moral
duty towards its citizens in providing brighter future. This
study will be of a great use for them in the future especially
when dealing with instances same as the study.

Future Researchers. It has been looked forward that the study

could serve as a reference material when they conduct similar
and related studies.

Scope and Limitation

The research study focused on the level of
implementation of curfew hours and the formulation of action
plan for its effective implementation.

The study looked into the description of the

demographic profile of the respondents, the level of
implementation of curfew hours, and the problems
encountered in its implementation. The results of the survey
were the bases for the crafting of the Action Plan for the
Effective Implementation of Curfew Hours.

The respondents of the study were the Barangay

Figure 1. Research Paradigm
Officials and residents of selected Barangays of the selected
municipalities of Ilocos Norte, namely: Barangay Peralta and
Significance of the Study
Barangay Purugunan of Dingras, Barangay Sto. Tomas and
The study could give benefits to the following:
Brgy. San Vicente of Sarrat, Barangay San Rufino of San
Nicolas, and Barangay Crispina of Banna.
Residents. The study can provide thorough understanding on
the importance of curfews not only to them but to the
This study was conducted from October 2020 to
community as a whole.
February 2021.
Provincial Government of Ilocos Norte. The results of this
Definition of Terms
study would benefit the province specifically its officials in a
manner that the result would provide ample data as to
Area of Residence. This refers to the location of the
numbers of residents violating curfew hours and the
respondents’ permanent residence either in the rural or urban.
possibility that they would be acquainted with different
Barangay Officials. Barangay officials are the elected
problems encountered during the implementation. With the
government official who are members of a particular
results, the government can provide alternatives for residents
Barangay.
not to encounter such problems and to look forward for strict
enforcement if it is needed.
Curfew. Curfews are laws that prohibit people to be outside
their vicinity and roam around in public at a certain time.
Barangay Officials. The study can serve as a guideline for
them in monitoring and enforcing curfew to their respective
Enforcement. Law enforcement or enforcement is the generic
Barangays to ensure the promotion of safety and peaceful
name for the activities of the agencies responsible for
community to live in.
maintaining public order and enforcing the law, particularly
the activities of prevention, detection, investigation and
apprehension.

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Volume 6, Issue 5, May – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Implementation. Implementation is the carrying out, Evaluation of Curfew
execution, or practice of a plan, a method, or any design, idea, Contemporary general curfew ordinances are highly
model, specification, standard or policy for doing something. variable across the country and receive a significant amount
Ordinance. An ordinance is a law set forth by a of both support and criticism. Supporters cite drops and
governmental authority, specifically a municipal regulation. consider the youth as grounds while opponents look for
discriminatory enforcement, constitutional issue and
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND resources for it to be abolished. As to jurisdiction, some
STUDIES police officers support this, while others find it a burden
(Watzman, 1994).
This chapter presents the review of related literature and
studies that bear implications on the study. This chapter also Most support for curfew enforcement comes from
includes original researches, legal documents, results of individual jurisdiction evaluations. In general, programs that
experiments, statistical data, interviews, and surveys. are collaborative and include multiple components obtain the
best results. For example, New Orleans, USA got the support
Curfew from the government, religious groups, Police and Juvenile
Curfew ordinances are typically local registration that Bureau Staff, and medical personnel to staff a Central Curfew
identifies a particular time which does not allow residents to Center (CCC) to provide services and counseling to curfew
be out in public. In general, curfews seek to reduce juvenile violators. Summer employment and some recreation
crime and victimization, and empower parents to help control programs were also given the youths to supply their prosocial
children’s behavior. The assumption behind curfew activities. A comparison of juvenile crime rates between 1993
legislation is that; individuals who are at home or under adult and 1994 showed a 27% reduction in juvenile crime overall,
supervision are less likely to be involved in criminal activity, with a 33% decline in armed robbery and a 42% drop in auto
either as a perpetrator or a victim. Similar to probation theft during curfew hours. These doesn’t only address the
practices, the use of general curfews across the country has issue on curfew violation but it also strengthens community
almost alike trends in juvenile justice sentencing policy. ties and provides opportunities for juveniles in building their
Curfews have again become popular in recent years as a skills which shows decreased juvenile involvement in crime.
response to increased crime and violence, but research on The subject of juvenile curfews is highly controversial,
their effectiveness is mixed. There are some thoughts however, and unwavering support is difficult to find (Bilchik,
available on what respondents think about curfews and how 1996).
the rules actually affect their lives and criticisms of
unconstitutionality threaten their very existence (Ruffle & Legal Challenges
Reynolds, 1999). Curfews have received numerous legal challenges. Bast
and Reynolds (2003) present a detailed discussion of four
History of Curfew Ordinances legal cases brought against a curfew ordinance within the
The origin of curfew ordinances is closely tied to the locality. Two of these curfew ordinances were upheld and
origin of the juvenile court itself as with the probation two were struck down. A common basis for these challenges
practices. Requiring residents to be out in public by a certain was that the curfew ordinance violated the civil rights of
time maintained some people’s control over behavior. adolescents (most of whom are not adjudicated delinquents)
Curfews are highly variable between jurisdictions, as well as by restricting their freedom of movement or other individual
differentially enforced, but some notions can be made about liberties. Watzman (1994) argues, however, that the more
their use through a test of time. Juvenile crime and curfew exceptions for “acceptable activities” (for example, legitimate
ordinances and their enforcement goes together. If juvenile employment) a given policy provide, the more likely it is to
crime increases, so do curfew ordinances and their survive a challenge on constitutional grounds.
enforcement. Marketos (1995) set the 1950s and 1990s as
examples of this. The 1990s “get tough” rationale was Fried (2001) argued that an important legal
adopted as a strategy for increased number of offenders and consideration in the debate over the constitutionality of
to restrict the access of the juveniles at the streets. Others juvenile curfews is their effectiveness. The legal justification
created ordinances for the first time while some jurisdictions for restricting the rights of juvenile rests on the state’s interest
revised the old ones (Ruffle & Reynolds, 1999). Curfew in protecting juveniles from victimization and in reducing
violations are usually considered status offenses, which juvenile crime. If juvenile curfews are found to be ineffective
would indicate a less serious response from the formal in furthering these interests, then legal challenges may
criminal justice system. The number of juveniles arrested for become more successful context. However, as argued by Bast
curfew, however, is a substantial proportion of arrests. and Reynolds (2003), the certainty of the evidence on the
Considering the number of juveniles that come to the effectiveness needed for a legal justification is likely to be
attention of the police and the courts because of curfew low, only needing to establish a reasonable expectation of
violations, information regarding the effectiveness of positive benefits.
ordinances is essential (Maguire & Pastore, 1994).

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Volume 6, Issue 5, May – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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Importance of Curfew Hours Lastly, the Business Curfews restrict the operation of
The use of a curfew serves the same purpose, it is to certain establishments at a certain time where people may
ensure the safety and control for the people and also those in gather especially in places with high level of crime, loitering,
authority. and otherwise disorderly conduct (LawFirms, 2021).

A curfew assists in ensuring the safety of the people. Curfew Ordinance in the Philippines
When curfew is implemented, it can be said to be safer during It is an act imposing curfew hour from ten in the
riskier times especially at night. Additionally, a person who is evening (10:00 pm) to five in the morning (5:00 am) for
authorized or required to go out during the implementation is persons below eighteen (18) years of age and prescribing
recommended not to go to places he or she is not comfortable penalties for violations thereof. Be it enacted by the Senate
of. This can prevent them from engaging in an unwanted and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress
situation. It also ensures the safety of people from harm and assembled:
behaviors such as drinking liquors, doing drugs, promiscuity,
and violence. In days where a person may face harm and Section 1. Imposition of Curfew Hours; Covered Persons -
threats, we need to be using curfew as a tool as our disposal. There is hereby imposed curfew hours from ten o'clock in the
It is obviously important to ensure that the curfew is evening (10:00 pm) to five o'clock in the morning (5:00 am)
reasonable, manageable and indeed, that it is appropriate and for persons below eighteen (18) years 4 of age.
valid. It is not to be used as part of an autocratic style of
parenting, but rather as a tool that benefits all members of the Section 2. Exceptions - During curfew hours, no minors shall
family. Often negotiation between parent and child will allow be allowed in the streets, commercial establishments,
for some interesting discussions. Negotiating a curfew will recreation centers, malls or any other areas outside the
also allow the child to feel his/her opinion is taken into immediate vicinity of their residence except: a) Those
consideration. Ultimately, of course, the decision needs to be accompanied by their parents, family members of legal age,
that of the parent. The negotiation of a “curfew discretion” or guardians upon proper verification; b) Those running
needs to be considered by parents too where the child is lawful errands such as buying of medicines, using of
perhaps participating in something out of the ordinary. There telecommunication facilities for emergency purposes and the
needs to be a degree of give and take around curfew times like upon proper verification; c) Students of night school and
(Pretorius, 2019). those who by virtue of their employment are required to stay
in the streets or outside their residence after ten o'clock in the
Types of Curfew Laws evening (1 0:00 pm); Provided, that minors falling under
The initial type of curfew is the Juvenile Curfew Law, it these categories shall secure a certification from their Punong
was set by state and local governments to restrict minors, Barangay exempting them from the coverage of this Act, or
specifically those who are 18 years old and below to be out in present a document or identification proving their
public at a specific time unless they are being accompanied qualification under such category.
by their parent or guardian, attending religious and school
activities, instructed by an adult, experiences emergency, and Section 3. Role of the Barangay - The Punong Barangay,
on their way or from their work. Its purpose is to prevent and Members of the Barangay Council and the duly designated
protect the minors from criminal activities, threat, and harm. Barangay Tanods are hereby authorized to implement the
If a juvenile happen to violate the curfew law, the following provisions of this Act.
may be given as reciprocal action: monetary fees, mandatory
community service, revoking of driving privileges, and Section 4. Guidelines in Apprehension - Offenders of this Act
confinement to a juvenile detention center (usually for repeat shall be apprehended in accordance with the following
offenders). But are also instances where parents are guidelines: The apprehending official or officer shall, without
accountable for their children’s violations wherein they can unnecessary delay, notify the parents or guardians of the
be fined. If crime rate increases on a local government, offender and release the offender in recognizance to said
officers activate curfew laws like issuing tickets or arresting parents or guardian with the understanding that the offender
violators, otherwise, officers escort the violators home and shall be submitted to the Punong Barangay for the
give verbal warning. corresponding penalty under Section 5 of this Act; In cases
where the offender is not a resident of the Barangay where
The second type is the Emergency Curfews, these are the apprehension was made, during the determination of the
being imposed during times of crisis, catastrophe or natural identities and residence of the offender's parents or guardian
disaster such as to prevent the spread of Covid-19, hurricanes, for purposes of their information and release of the offender
blizzards, wildfires, public riots, and other dangerous to their custody, the offender shall be held in the holding
fugitives. When emergency curfews are implemented, the facility of the Barangay where the apprehension was made for
local government typically specifies certain conditions. For not more than twenty-four (24) hours, and thereafter if the
instance, on these days of pandemic, local governments allow release of the offender to his/her parents' or guardian's
those who work in the medical field, BPOs, and other custody cannot be reasonably accomplished, the Punong
essential fields to go outside but they are also encouraged to Barangay concerned shall turn over the offender to the
limit their movements. Municipal or City Social Welfare Office concerned for-
proper disposition; For an offender who is homeless,
abandoned, neglected or have no known parents, relatives or

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Volume 6, Issue 5, May – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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guardians, the apprehending official or officer shall refer the offense, Php 2, 000 for second offense, and a maximum of
offender to the custody of the Municipal or City Social Php 5, 000 for the third offense (PNA, 2020).
Welfare Office concerned within twenty-four (24) hours of
apprehension. Statistics on Curfew Violators in the Province of Ilocos Norte
Sustaining its annual "generally peaceful" status, the Province
Section 5. Penalties - Any offender of this Act shall be of Ilocos Norte through the Ilocos Norte Police Provincial
penalized as follows: a) First Offense - Four (4) hours of Office (INPPO) registered a more than 60% reduction in
community service consisting of cleaning and sweeping of crime rate since the implementation of the Luzon-wide
surroundings, among others. b) Second Offense - Twelve (12) enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) (Adriano, 2020).
hours of community service consisting of cleaning and
sweeping of surroundings, among others, c) Third Offense According to Provincial Police Director, PCol.
and Subsequent Offenses — Forty (40) hours of community Christopher Abrahano, the intensified police presence, and
service and loss of parental authority over the offender by the maintenance of 24-hour checkpoints stationed in strategic
parents or guardians concerned. locations contributed to the general peacefulness of Ilocos
Norte. In an overview of the peace and order situation of
Section 6. Suspension of the Provisions of the Act in Special Ilocos Norte, PCol. Abrahano said that based on their records,
Cases - The President, through administrative issuances, may there are incidents of theft and physical injuries while
suspend the implementation of this Act nationwide or in murder-homicide incidents lowered down. However, 61
specific areas for a length of time as may be necessary in people violated the guidelines on total lockdown imposed
celebration of fiestas and special and legal holidays. across the province. They violated the curfew hour, liquor
ban, and disobedience to a person in authority or the Article
Section 7. Role of the Philippine National Police (PNP) – The 151. Another four people were also arrested for overpricing
Philippine National Police shall provide police support to the of alcohol and masks. As a member of the Provincial "Salun-
Punong Barangays whenever needed for the enforcement of at" Task Force, INPPO is actively performing its function to
this Act. ensure enforcement of lockdown guidelines. Among its
initiatives include the protection of four boundary
Section 8. Implementing Rules and Regulations. - The checkpoints to certify that only authorized person can enter
Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) the province, including the integrated checkpoints in each city
and the Department of Interior and Local Government and municipality; enforcement of "one entry, one exit" policy
(DILG), in consultation with the Philippine National Police in places of convergence such as groceries and public
(PNP), shall, within ninety (90) days from the passage of this markets; and support in the regulation of price control and
Act, promulgate the rules and regulations necessary for the temporary closure of non-essential establishments (Adriano,
effective implementation of this Act. 2020).

Section 9. Separability Clause - If any provision of this Act is Crimes Deterred When Curfew is Implemented
declared unconstitutional or inoperative, the other provisions A dated curfew outcome study examined the effects of a
not so declared shall remain in force and effect. summertime curfew law in a large Midwestern city. Rates of
serious crimes such as rape, robbery, burglary, etc. committed
Section 10. Repealing Clause. - All laws, decrees, orders, by juveniles during the month of August were calculated for
rules and regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the the four years prior to adoption of the summer curfew and
Act or the rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto compared with rates after the curfew took effect. The findings
are hereby repealed or amended accordingly. suggested that crime rates were reduced during curfew hours
(Hunt & Weiner, 2017).
Section 11. Effectivity. - This Act shall take effect fifteen (15)
days after publication in two (2) national newspapers of Ruffle and Reynolds (1995) reviewed more than 160
general circulation. newspaper stories about curfews which appeared during 1993
and part of 1994. They found that the rationale for adoption
Curfew Ordinance in the Province of Ilocos Norte of curfews in most cities was to reduce juvenile crime and
Residents in Ilocos Norte can now have more time to do crime victimization. Several cities were reported to have
economic activities as curfew hours have been reduced in the adopted curfews both as a hedge against the geographical
province. In the latest public advisory of Governor Joseph displacement of juvenile crime to their cities from other areas
Matthew M. Manotoc, he said that curfew hours from 11:00 and as part of a domino effect when surrounding cities and
pm to 4:00 am will encourage people to enjoy the outdoors municipalities passed them. At the time of the survey, three
but with safety precaution. The old curfew hours were from major American cities (Denver, Phoenix, Orlando) had
10:00 pm to 4:00 am but this has affected some businesses adopted city-wide curfews that had specific application to hot
which opted to close between 6:00 pm to 7:00 pm. spot high crime areas.

From a straight penalty of Php 5, 000 for violating How Curfews Might Affect Crime
curfew hours, the provincial government through an amended According to Adams (2003), the logic of juvenile
ordinance has reduced the penalty to Php 1, 000 for first curfews is to keep people home during late evening and early

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Volume 6, Issue 5, May – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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morning hours and this will prevent them from committing level of implementation of the curfew hours on selected
crimes and to become crime victims. Barangays in Cabanatuan City. There is a total of one
hundred fifty respondents that majority of them were the
Reduced opportunity to commit crime should translate youths/juveniles ages ranges from eleven to seventeen of
into fewer crimes. Furthermore, the potential for fines or different Barangays in Cabanatuan City. As to the level of
other sanctions is presumed to deter people from being out in implementation of curfew ordinance, it is the consistency
a public place during curfew hours. It is also argued that which is missing which is happened to be one of the most
curfews provide police with a useful tool for managing essential thing in the process of implementation. As to the
people in public places during curfew hours. Finally, curfews perception of the youths to the programs given by the
may make it easier for parents to enforce a rule for when a Barangay Officials to those who violate the said curfew
youth must be home in the evening (Ruffle and Reynolds, ordinance, as to the data gathered by the researcher, the
1995). programs given or offered doesn’t even work as a deterrence
for the youths aren’t afraid of the potential pain they will be
The statement above has been questioned. Gottfredson incurring because the Barangay Officials do not give
and Soule (2005) argued that most of the crimes committed sanctions to the apprehended violators (Carpio, 2020).
by juveniles happened in the hours before and after school.
This means that only few proportion of crimes were House Bill 1035- Karaoke Curfew
committed during curfew hours. Additionally, it is rare for As cited on Philippine Star (2016), the anti-videoke bill
curfew ordinances to be associated with increased law has been filed by the House of Representatives, which
enforcement resources, reducing the likelihood of effective prohibits the use of loud musical instruments such as videoke
enforcement. Studies have shown that overstretched and and other sound-amplifying equipment past 10 p.m
under-resourced police departments may forego the nationwide to avoid disturbance in the community Anyone
enforcement of a curfew law in favor of focusing on more who violates the law will be fined one thousand pesos, or
urgent demands. Thus, having a curfew ordinance in place worse, may face imprisonment of not more than six months.
does not always translate into vigorous enforcement, further If in case a business establishment violates this, their permits
limiting any potential effect (Bannister and Reynolds, 2001). or license shall be rescinded.

The Effect of the Curfew Implementation This study will also determine if this is always being
Curfew is an order specifying a time throughout that followed by the residents.
positive rules apply. The main purpose of the study is to
determine the effect of the curfew hour implementation as to Safe Neighborhood
the perception of the Barangay Official, Barangay Police, and According to study of safe neighborhood by Sampson
Police Officer of Nasipit, Agusan del Norte. A descriptive (2010), neighbors with high levels of crime are often densely
correlational research design was used in the study. The result populated, mixed use (businesses and residences in the same
shows that the curfew hour was implemented regularly by the area) areas, with concentrated poverty, a transient population,
continuous efforts rendered by the Barangay Officials, a high proportion of single-parent households, and dilapidated
Barangay Police, and Police Officers. The result proves that buildings. Children and adolescents living in neighborhoods
the safety and security needs of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs characterized by crime or disorganization are more likely to
are essential, including the security of our body, employment, become victims of violent are more likely to experience
resources, the morality of the family, and health. It was social and emotional problems such as aggression, stress, and
recommended that communities living in the Barangay withdrawal, as well as delinquency and low school
cooperate and participate in the curfew implementation ( achievement.
Ruffle and Reynolds, 1995).
This concept shows the importance of safe and sound
According to Galabin (2018), studies of curfews environment among the residents. It is important to ensure
conducted by municipalities may have severe methodological one’s environment because this determines his or her progress
flaws of which does or may not necessarily prove that these on acquiring positive and ideal attitude.
ordinances do not work. Analyzing such impacts is important
because curfew policies can be thought of as constituting Problems Encountered During Curfew Hours
treatments. Indeed, if, as basic economic models, crime is a In March 2020, a news report stated Barangay Officials
purposive activity, then curfew should only reduce from Sta. Cruz, Laguna are facing charges after detaining
delinquency if the technology used to produce this behavior is curfew violators in a dog cage. This was followed by a police
imperfectly substitutable between curfew and non-curfew officer caught on video beating up several residents in Manila
hours (Becker, 1968). for violating quarantine protocols; the PNP responded with an
investigation of the incident.
Implementation of Curfew Ordinances in Cabanatuan City,
Nueva Ecija On the 7th of April, 2020, a Barangay Official in
Curfew ordinances are widely praised, but little Mexico, Pampanga forced three LGBTQI+ people to perform
researched, enforcement mechanism that local police humiliating acts as punishment for violating the curfew; the
departments can use to combat juvenile delinquency. The punishment was recorded on video and posted on Facebook
study used a descriptive method which describes the current by the Barangay Captain. The rest of the group were

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subjected to other forms of degrading punishment (Amnesty method of sampling that involves dividing a population into
International Philippines, 2020). smaller groups–called strata. The groups or strata are
organized based on the shared characteristics or attributes of
These review of related literature and studies were used the members in the group. The process of classifying the
by the researchers in attaining the objectives and completion population into groups is called stratification (Nickolas,
of the study. 2020).

III. METHODOLOGY Data Gathering Instrument

The tool that the researchers used to gather data was a
This chapter presents and discusses the research method survey questionnaire to determine the level of the
and design that were used in the study, the respondents of the implementation of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte. The survey
study, the sampling procedures, data gathering instrument questionnaire was composed of three (3) parts. The first part
utilized, the data gathering procedures, and the treatment of was for the demographic profile of the respondents such as
data. name, age, gender, and place of locality. Part two covers the
level of implementation of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte.
Research Method Lastly was focused on the problems encountered during the
The quantitative-descriptive method of research was implementation of curfew hours.
used in this study. It was used to measure and describe the Data Gathering Procedures
level of implementation of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte In realizing the objectives of the study, the researchers
including the problems encountered by the respondents followed a definite procedure. First, the researchers
during the implementation of curfew. formulated questionnaires and draft letters of request to the
Barangay Captains and respondents then submitted them to
Quantitative-descriptive is a research method that the research adviser for approval. Second, upon approval
attempts to collect quantifiable information for statistical from the research adviser, the researchers immediately sent
analysis of the population sample. It is a popular market the letters to the Barangay Captains for the conduct of the
research tool that allows us to collect and describe the study. Third, upon approval from the Barangay Captain to
demographic segment’s signature (Alonzo, 2017). conduct the study, questionnaires were administered
observing the proper health protocol. Lastly, the researchers
Population and Locale retrieved, tallied, analyzed, and interpreted the data gathered.
The participants of this study were a total of 120
residents from the different Barangays of the municipality of Treatment of Data
Dingras, Sarrat, San Nicolas and Banna in the province of The data gathered from the respondents were subjected
Ilocos Norte. There are 20 respondents which is composed of to a statistical treatment using frequency, weighted mean, and
15 local residents and 5 Barangay officials from each of the percentage. Percentage and frequency was used to analyze
selected Barangays of the aforementioned municipalities. and interpret the data on the demographic profile of the
Respondents were from: Brgy. Peralta and Brgy. Puruganan respondents. Weighted mean and ranks was used to analyse
of Dingras; Brgy. Sto. Tomas and Brgy. San Vicente of the data on the level of implementation of curfew hours and
Sarrat; Brgy. San Rufino, San Nicolas; and Brgy. Crispina of the problems encountered in the implementation of curfew
Banna, Ilocos Norte. Each of the six researchers randomly hours.
chose local residents from the different puroks of their
Barangays as respondents of the study. The responses of the respondents on the level of
implementation of curfew hours were coded and interpreted
The researchers used the stratified random sampling in as follows.
choosing the respondents. Stratified random sampling is a

Interpretation on the Level of Implementation of Curfew Hours

Value Range Descriptive Interpretation Verbal Description
4 3.26-4.00 Always Every day the problem was encountered on curfew hours
3 2.51-3.25 Sometimes 5-6 days a week the problem was
encountered on implementation of curfew hours
2 1.76-2.50 Rarely 1-4 days a week the problem was
encountered on the implementation of curfew hours
1 1.00-1.75 Never Never the problem was encountered on curfew hours

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The responses of the respondents on the problems encountered in the implementation of curfew hours were coded and
interpreted as follows.

Interpretation on the Problems Encountered During the Implementation

Value Range Descriptive Interpretation Verbal Description
4 3.26-4.00 Always Everyday implementation of curfew hours
3 2.51-3.25 Sometimes 5-6 days a week of implementation of curfew hours
2 1.76-2.50 Rarely 1-4 days a week of implementation of curfew hours
1 1.00-1.75 Never None implementation of curfew hours

IV. PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION, AND study that revealed that most curfew laws are being violated
ANALYSIS OF DATA by minors than the adults. Before and during the
implementation of their municipal ordinance, crimes were
This chapter integrates the results of the study after data increasingly being violated by the minors and they are
gathering. After the data tables are prepared with its experiencing most problems during curfew hours than the
corresponding frequency, mean, and percentages, the adults.
researchers presented it in a table format.
Gender. The gender of the respondents was categorized into
Demographic Profile of the Respondents male and female. 85 of the respondents were males while 35
Among the residents of the province of Ilocos Norte, of them were females. The results show that in Ilocos Norte,
one hundred twenty residents from its different the curfew laws that were always implemented are being
towns/municipalities served as the respondents of the study. followed by the respondents regardless of their gender.

Table 1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents This opposes the study of Sutphen (2001) where males
n=120 were cited much more frequently to violate curfew laws than
Variables Frequency Percentage the females. The most frequent violation scenario
Age encountered by the police involved two or more males
16-20 19 15.83 % walking the streets or hanging out in public places even if the
21-25 13 10.83 % curfew is always being implemented. It also revealed that
26-30 24 20.00 % most males are more likely to encounter problems during the
31-35 9 07.50 % implementation because they were not able to go out for
36-40 11 09.17 % leisure purposes.
41-45 13 10.83 %
46-50 8 06.67 % Area of Permanent Residence. The area of permanent
residence was categorized into poblacion/urban areas and
51-55 11 09.17 %
periphery/rural areas. 66.67% of the respondents are from the
56-60 7 05.83 %
poblacion, while 33.33% of them came from the periphery.
61-65 5 04.17 %
The results showed that in the province of Ilocos Norte, the
Gender curfew laws that were always implemented are being
Male 85 70.83 % followed by the respondents regardless of their place of
Female 35 29.17 % locality and they rarely encounter problems during the
Area of Permanent implementation.
Residence
Poblacion 80 66.67 % This opposes the study of Ford (2001), that curfew
Periphery 40 33.33 % violations who has a higher rate are from the residents who
live in the city or urban areas than of those residents who are
Table 1 shows the demographic profile of the from the rural areas. Though there is a larger number of
respondents compared according to their age, gender, and residents in the urban areas, there are more curfew violators
area of permanent residence. from the rural areas who has a lower number of residents.
Knowing that the curfew implementation is not always
Age. The researchers grouped the respondents’ age with an implemented and that officers in the rural areas rarely
interval of five (5). Most of the respondents are aged 26-30 conduct patrol, this gives the residents the chance to roam in
with a frequency of 24 or 20.00%. While the least number of the streets during curfew hours.
respondents are aged 61-65 with a frequency of five (5) or
4.17%. Level of Implementation of Curfew Hours in Ilocos Norte
The results in the implementation of curfew hours in
With the result of the age of the respondents, the Ilocos Norte according to the Barangay Officials and to the
researchers were able to determine that the minors in the residents of the barangays were shown in tables 2 and 3.
province of Ilocos Norte always follow the curfew laws that
were implemented and they rarely encountered problems.
This opposed to the statement of Apduhan (2019) on his

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As to the Barangay Officials.
Table 2 shows the results of the level of implementation Others that was “always” implemented during the
of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte according to the officials. The curfew hours are: Parks are being closed (3.63),
result of the study revealed that respondents answered PNP/Barangay police conducts patrol prior and during
“always” in most of the variables. The top three that was curfew hours (3.47), establishments such as stores follow
“always” implemented are: Residents who are outside their curfew hours like closing it before the time (3.47), computer
vicinity are warned by Barangay Police to enter their house shops are closed even for non-minorities during curfew
(3.83); Barangay Officials informed the residents about the (3.47), there are limited movements among the residents
implementation of the curfew hours (3.80); and during curfew hours (3.30) and the officers arrest the violator
videoke/videoke bars are turned off/closed during curfew of curfew hours (3.27).
hours ( 3.70).

Table 2. Level of Implementation of Curfew Hours as to the Officials n= 30

Variables Mean Verbal Interpretation
1. PNP/Barangay Police conducts patrol prior and during curfew hours. 3.47 Always
2. Barangay Officials informed the residents about the implementation of the curfew 3.80 Always
hours.
3. The officers arrest the violator of curfew hours. 3.27 Always
4. People do not roam around the streets, or in any public places when curfew hour 3.20 Sometimes
begins.
5. There are limited movements among the residents during curfew hours. 3.30 Always
6. Establishments such as stores follow curfew hours like closing it before the time. 3.47 Always
7. Residents who are outside their vicinity are warned by Barangay Police to enter their 3.83 Always
house.
8. Computer shops are closed even for non-minorities during curfew. 3.47 Always
9. Videoke/videoke bars are turned off/closed during curfew hours. 3.70 Always
10. Parks are being closed. 3.53 Always
Legend
Range Descriptive Interpretation Verbal Description
3.26-4.00 Always Everyday implementation of curfew hours
2.51-3.25 Sometimes 5-6 days a week of implementation of curfew hours
1.76-2.50 Rarely 1-4 days a week of implementation of curfew hours
1.00-1.75 Never No implementation of curfew hours

There is only one statement which was interpreted as

“sometimes” by the officials with a mean of 3.20. It is the Others that were “always” implemented were:
item: people do not roam around the streets, or in any public Computer shops are closed even for non-minorities during
places when curfew hour begins. The result of the study curfew (3.39); PNP/Barangay police conducts patrol prior
implies the implementation of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte is and during curfew hours, with (3.33); Barangay Officials
always implemented. informed the residents about the implementation of the curfew
hours (3.30).
As to the Residents.
Table 3 shows the results of the level of implementation On the other hand, there are four statements which were
of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte according to the residents. answered “sometimes” by the residents. These statements are:
The result of the study revealed that the top three that was establishments such as stores follow curfew hours like closing
“always” implemented curfew programs were: it before the time (3.24); there are limited movements among
the residents during curfew hours (3.23); people do not roam
videoke/videoke bars are turned off/closed during around the streets, or in any public places when curfew hour
curfew hours ( 3.52); parks are being closed (3.51); and; begins (3.16) and; the officers arrest the violator of curfew
residents who are outside their vicinity are warned by hours (3.07).
Barangay Police to enter their house (3.39).

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Table 3. Level of Implementation of Curfew Hours as to the Residents n=90

Variables Mean Verbal Interpretation

1. PNP/Barangay Police conducts patrol prior and during curfew hours. 3.33 Always
2. Barangay Officials informed the residents about the implementation of the curfew hours. 3.30 Always
3. The officers arrest the violator of curfew hours. 3.07 Sometimes
4. People do not roam around the streets, or in any public places when curfew hour begins. 3.16 Sometimes
5. There are limited movements among the residents during curfew hours. 3.23 Sometimes
6. Establishments such as stores follow curfew hours like closing it before the time. 3.24 Sometimes
7. Residents who are outside their vicinity are warned by Barangay Police to enter their 3.39 Always
house.
8. Computer shops are closed even for non-minorities during curfew. 3.39 Always
9. Videoke/videoke bars are turned off/closed during curfew hours. 3.52 Always
10. Parks are being closed. 3.51 Always

Legend
Range Descriptive Interpretation Verbal Description
3.26-4.00 Always Everyday implementation of curfew hours
2.51-3.25 Sometimes 5-6 days a week of implementation of curfew hours
1.76-2.50 Rarely 1-4 days a week of implementation of curfew hours
1.00-1.75 Never No implementation of curfew hours

The result of the study according to the residents Problems Encountered During Curfew Hours
implied that implementation of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte The results on the problems encountered on the
is always implemented. implementation of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte according to
the Barangay Officials and to the residents of the barangays
The study showed that both the residents and the were shown in tables 4 and 5.
Barangay Officials perceived that the curfew hours is always
implemented, though there were small differences to their As to the Officials.
responses. Table 4 shows the results of the problems encountered
during the implementation of curfew hours according to the
According to Galabin (2018), studies of curfews officials. The three most encountered problems were:
conducted by municipalities may have severe methodological residents still practice leisure time or mass gatherings during
flaws of which oppose or may not necessarily prove that these curfew hours (2.70); Barangay Police do not conduct patrol
ordinances do not work. Analyzing such impacts is important during curfew (2.57), and; some residents, especially the
because curfew policies can be thought of as constituting students, still go to computer shops for entertainment and for
treatments. In addition, policies on curfew must be strictly educational purposes during curfew hours (2.33). The first
enforced and implemented to really lessen the crimes and to two statements were interpreted as “sometimes” while the
prevent people from becoming crime victims. third was interpreted as “rarely”.

This result has also been supported by McDowall’s The other problems encountered “rarely” during the
statement (2000) that if curfew is imposed, it can prevent implementation of curfew hours were: residents still roam
someone from engaging crimes in the future. Curfews are around the streets during curfew hours (2.23); residents who
built upon the idea that― restricting the hours when people are outside their house vicinities are not warned by the
maybe in public should limit their opportunities to commit Barangay Police to enter their house (1.97) residents lack of
crimes or become victims. Similarly, these controls are knowledge about the implementation on curfew (1.87).
programmed and had been reinforced in the individual
through social bonds. Usually, the family is the first agent to Interestingly, Barangay Officials answered that the
inculcate these bonds within an individual. Beyond the following problems were never encountered by most of them.
family, social bonds are formed between the individual and The four statements were: there were still open
society. Thus, both the family and society form bonds with stores/establishments during curfew hours (1.67); officers
the individual who inculcates certain controls that limits arrest violators in an illegal way (1.63); residents still use
deviance from the social norms and customs. It has also been videoke even during curfew hours (1.27) and; parks are still
noted that curfew laws have the potentials to strengthen open during curfew hours (1.17).
parental control by making it easier for parents to limit the
amount of time that their children are allowed to spend out of
the house.

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Table 4. Problems Encountered During the Implementation of Curfew Hours According to the Officials
n= 30
Variables Mean Verbal Interpretation
1. Barangay Police do not conduct patrol during curfew. 2.57 Sometimes
2.Residents lack of knowledge about the implementation on curfew. 1.87 Rarely
3. Officers arrest violators in an illegal way. 1.63 Never
4.Residents still roam around the streets during curfew hours. 2.23 Rarely
5.Residents still practice leisure time or mass gatherings during curfew hours. 2.70 Sometimes
6. There were still open stores/establishments during curfew hours. 1.67 Never
7. Residents who are outside their house vicinities are not 1.97 Rarely
warned by Barangay Police to enter their house.
8.Some residents, especially the students, still go to computer shops for entertainment and 2.33 Rarely
for educational purposes during curfew hours.
9. Residents still use videoke even during curfew hours. 1.27 Never
10. Parks are still open during curfew hours. 1.17 Never

Legend
Range Descriptive Interpretation Verbal Description
3.26-4.00 Always Everyday implementation of curfew hours
2.51-3.25 Sometimes 5-6 days a week of implementation of curfew hours
1.76-2.50 Rarely 1-4 days a week of implementation of curfew hours
1.00-1.75 Never No implementation of curfew hours

As to the Residents. there were still open stores/establishments during curfew

Table 5 shows the results of the problems encountered hours (1.88) and; officers arrest violators in an illegal way
during the implementation of curfew hours according to (1.72).
residents. The result revealed that seven (7) out of ten (10)
indicators of the problems encountered were “rarely” Interestingly, as per the results the following problems
encountered by them. Barangay Police do not conduct were never encountered by the residents: residents still use
patrol during curfew and residents still practice leisure time videoke even during curfew hours (1.27); and parks are still
or mass gatherings during curfew hours (2.34) have the open during curfew hours (1.43).
highest means of both 2.34.
The results indicated that the residents and the
Other problems “rarely” encountered by the residents Barangay officials encountered some problems in the
include: some residents, especially the students, still go to implementation of the curfew hours. However, most of the
computer shops for entertainment and for educational indicators relative to the implementation of curfew hours
purposes during curfew hours (2.16); residents still roam were answered “rarely” or “never” both the Barangay
around the streets during curfew hours (2.12); residents officials and the residents. This implied that though there are
who are outside their house vicinities are not warned by the problems encountered but is still manageable or
Barangay Police to enter their house (2.04); residents lack controllable.
of knowledge about the implementation on curfew (1.92),

Table 5. Problems Encountered During the Implementation of Curfew Hours According to the Community
n=90
Variables Mean Verbal Interpretation
1. Barangay Police do not conduct patrol during curfew. 2.34 Rarely
2.Residents lack of knowledge about the implementation on curfew. 1.92 Rarely
3. Officers arrest violators in an illegal way. 1.67 Never
4.Residents still roam around the streets during curfew hours. 2.12 Rarely
5.Residents still practice leisure time or mass gatherings during curfew hours. 2.34 Rarely
6. There were still open stores/establishments during curfew hours. 1.88 Rarely
7. Residents who are outside their house vicinities are not warned by Barangay Police 2.04 Rarely
to enter their house.
8.Some residents, especially the students, still go to computer shops for entertainment 2.16 Rarely
and for educational purposes during curfew hours.
9. Residents still use videoke even during curfew hours. 1.72 Never
10. Parks are still open during curfew hours. 1.43 Never

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Legend
Range Descriptive Interpretation Verbal Description
3.26-4.00 Always Everyday implementation of curfew hours
2.51-3.25 Sometimes 5-6 days a week of implementation of curfew hours
1.76-2.50 Rarely 1-4 days a week of implementation of curfew hours
1.00-1.75 Never No implementation of curfew hours

According to Lundman (2012), there is a significant The salient findings of the study were:
correlation between curfew laws and the reduction or
deflection of deviant criminal activities. In other words, Demographic profile. Most of the respondents are
strict curfew enforcement follows deterrence theory, which between 26-30 with a frequency of 24 or 20.00%. Majority
argues that certain, swift, and severe punishments will cause of the respondents are male (70.83%) and majority of them
residents to rationally weigh consequences and commit lived in the poblacion or urban areas.
fewer criminal acts.
But with the results from the data gathered, criminal Level of implementation of curfew hours. Barangay
acts are less likely to happen because the level of Officials answered “always” in the nine (9) out of ten (10)
implementation of curfew hours in the province is always indicators in the level of implementation of curfew hours.
implemented. Residents who are outside their vicinity are warned by
Barangay Police to enter their house has the highest mean
These results imply that, though residents follow the of 3.83 interpreted as “always” and people do not roam
curfew laws, there are instances where they encounter around the streets, or in any public places when curfew hour
problems but these problems do not deter them from begins has the lowest mean of 3.20 interpreted as
following the curfew law. “sometimes.” On the other hand, residents responded
“always” in six (6) out of ten (10) indicators in the level of
The results of the study is in contrary to the study implementation of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte.
being done by Ruffle and Reynolds on 1995 which proves Videoke/videoke bars are turned off/closed during curfew
that the safety and security needs of Maslow’s Hierarchy of hours has the highest mean of 3.52 and people do not roam
Needs are essential, including the security of our body, around the streets, or in any public places when curfew hour
employment, resources, the morality of the family, and begins has the lowest mean of 3.16.
health. Safety and security needs are about keeping us safe
from harm. These needs include shelter, job security, health, Problems encountered in the implementation of curfew
and safe environments. If a person does not feel safe in an hours. The Barangay officials and the residents encountered
environment, they will seek to find safety before they some of the problems during the implementation of curfew
attempt to meet any higher level needs. hours. As to the Barangay officials problems like: residents
still practice leisure time or mass gatherings during curfew
But it was then recommended that communities living hours and Barangay Police do not conduct patrol during
in the Barangay needs to cooperate, participate, and provide curfew. Other indicators were answered “rarely” or “never”.
remedies or solutions to their problems in the curfew As to the residents (7) out of ten (10) indicators of the
implementation for continuously having good results. problems encountered were “rarely” encountered by them.
Barangay Police do not conduct patrol during curfew and
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND residents still practice leisure time or mass gatherings
RECOMMENDATION during curfew hours (2.34) have the highest means of both
2.34.
This chapter presents the summary, conclusions and
recommendations based on the findings of the study. Conclusion
Based on the above findings that the residents of the
Summary of Findings different Barangays of Ilocos Norte followed the
This study was undertaken to determine the level of implementation of curfew hours, regardless of their age, sex
implementation of curfew hours in Ilocos Norte. and area where they live. In addition, curfew hours were
always implemented in the province. There are problems
The participants of this study were a total of 120 sometimes encountered by the Barangay Officials and
residents from the different municipalities of Dingras, residents however these problems were manageable or
Sarrat, San Nicolas and Banna in the province of Ilocos controllable.
Norte. It was composed of 20 participants which consists of
15 local residents and 5 Barangay officials from each of the Recommendations
selected Barangays namely: Brgy. Peralta and Brgy. Based on the above findings, the researchers
Puruganan of Dingras; Brgy. Sto. Tomas and Brgy. San concluded that:
Vicente of Sarrat; Brgy. San Rufino, San Nicolas; and Brgy. 1. Barangay Officials must maximize the use of social
Crispina of Banna, Ilocos Norte. technology platforms like Facebook for easy
dissemination of information such as curfew advisory to

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their constituents especially amidst the Covid-19 where residents encounter such problems for the effective
pandemic. implementation of curfew hours.
2. Barangay Officials must develop an effective
scheduling scheme to conduct patrol prior and during Objectives
curfew hours for them to maximize their personnel, The general objective of this action plan is to give an
resources, and to have an effective maintenance of peace alternative solution to the Barangay Captains to lessen the
and order in their area of responsibility. instances where residents encounter such problems.
3. Barangay Officials should continuously and strictly
implement the curfew hour ordinance in their area of The specific objectives include:
responsibility. Giving of threat of the ordinance to the a. For faster dissemination of incoming/implementation of
violators of such, so that other people will obey and programs and information especially amidst Covid-19.
follow the ordinance. b. To strictly enforce the curfew ordinance to deter
4. SK Officials must develop programs such as installing of residents in violating the curfew ordinance.
WiFi and printing services and use of computers and c. To provide consequences to the violators of ordinance
laptops for the students so that it would retain them to and will serve as a deterrent tool so that others will obey
violate curfew hours because of academic requirements. and follow.
5. The Barangay Officials to adapt the action plan to d. To help and support students of all levels in making their
enhance the implementation of curfew hours. assessments, projects and the like to finish their studies.

Proposed Action Plan to Enhance the Implementation of Strategies

Curfew Hours The following are the strategies which will help to
attain the objectives of the action plan.
Rationale a. Invite the residents to like and follow the Facebook Page
Curfews have been imposed and observed in the of the Barangay for immediate dissemination of
Province of Ilocos Norte to lessen instances that people information.
might be infected from the virus on these days of pandemic b. Barangay Captain should schedule Barangay Tanods,
and curfews has been made because of the belief that it Barangay Officials, and SK Officials per day to conduct
deters crimes, avoid victimization and even provide patrol during curfew hours.
guidance for the people against harms. However, there are c. Encourage them to inform their customers about the
instances where a lot of people encounter problems during changes of their closing time on the implementation of
the implementation of curfew hours. With this, the curfew hours.
researchers created an action plan to lessen the instances d. Installing of free WiFi, use of laptops and printing
services during their asynchronous class.

Table 6. Action Plan to Enhance the Implementation of Curfew Hours (Matrix)

Proposed Objectives Strategy Time Frame/ Proposed Responsible
Program Frequency Budget Person/
Agencies
1. Barangay For faster dissemination of Invite the residents Every day during Free Barangay
Facebook Page. incoming/implementation of to like and follow office hours. Secretary and
programs and information the Facebook Page Barangay
especially amidst Covid-19. of the Barangay Service Point
for immediate Officers
dissemination of (BSPOs).
information.
2. Scheduling To strictly enforce the Barangay Captain During the Included in the Barangay
Scheme curfew ordinance to deter should schedule implementation of salary. Captain and
residents in violating the Barangay Tanods, curfew hours. Barangay
curfew ordinance. Barangay Officials,
Officials, and SK Tanods and SK
Officials per day to Officials.
conduct patrol
during curfew
hours.
3. Community To provide consequences to Encourage them to During the N/A Barangay
service and fine. the violators of ordinance inform their implementation of Officials
and will serve as a deterrent customers about curfew hours.
tool so that others will obey the changes of
and follow. their closing time
on the
implementation of

IJISRT21MAY272 www.ijisrt.com 700

Volume 6, Issue 5, May – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
curfew hours.
4. Barangay To help and support students Installing of free Every class A monthly fee SK Chairman
Assistance on of all levels in making their WiFi, use of schedule of the of Php 1,900 and SK
Education assessments, projects and laptops and students or when with 10 mbps. Officials.
Program. the like to finish their printing services their requirements for internet
studies. during their such as activities connection.
asynchronous and projects need
classes. to be printed.

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