SUKI KINARI HYDROPOWER PROJECT

FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT

CHAPTER 1
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
SUKI KINARI HYDROPOWER PROJECT
FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT Chapter 1 Executive Summary

Table of Contents

CHAPTER 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................... 1

1.1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 1

1.1.1 Background of Project ............................................................................... 1
1.1.2 Overview of Project.................................................................................... 3
1.1.3 Project Location and External Traffic ....................................................... 4
1.2 HYDROLOGY AND SEDIMENT ............................................................................... 5
1.2.1 Overview of the Basin ............................................................................... 5
1.2.2 Meteorology ................................................................................................ 6
1.2.3 Runoff .......................................................................................................... 6
1.2.4 Design Flood .............................................................................................. 6
1.2.5 Sediment ..................................................................................................... 7
1.3 GEOLOGY ............................................................................................................ 8
1.3.1 Regional Geology and Earthquake .......................................................... 8
1.3.2 Basic Engineering Geological Conditions ............................................... 8
1.3.3 Construction Materials ............................................................................. 10
1.4 TASK AND SCALE OF THE PROJECT .................................................................... 10
1.4.1 Necessity of Project Construction .......................................................... 10
1.4.2 Task of the Project ................................................................................... 13
1.4.3 Power Supply Scope ............................................................................... 13
1.4.4 Design Level Year and Design Dependability ....................................... 13
1.4.5 Characteristic Water Level ...................................................................... 13
1.4.6 Installed Capacity ..................................................................................... 14
1.4.7 Flood Control ............................................................................................ 14
1.4.8 Analysis of Sediment Erosion and Deposition ...................................... 14
1.5 LAYOUT OF THE PROJECT.................................................................................. 15
1.5.1 Design Standard ...................................................................................... 15
1.5.2 Layout of the project ................................................................................ 16
1.5.3 Main Strucutres ........................................................................................ 17
1.6 MACHINERY, ELECTRICAL SYSTEM AND METAL STRUCTURES ......................... 19
1.6.1 Hydraulic Machinery ................................................................................ 19
1.6.2 Primary Electrical System ....................................................................... 21
1.6.3 Secondary Electrical System .................................................................. 23
1.6.4 Metal Structure ......................................................................................... 25
1.7 CONSTRUCTION, FIRE FIGHTING AND DRAINAGE.............................................. 26
1.7.1 Building of Power Station ........................................................................ 26
1.7.2 Water Supply and Drainage .................................................................... 26
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1.7.3 Ventilation and Air Conditioning .............................................................. 26

1.7.4 Fire Fighting.............................................................................................. 27
1.8 CONSTRUCTION ORGANIZATION ....................................................................... 28
1.8.1 Construction Condition ............................................................................ 28
1.8.2 Construction Diversion ............................................................................ 28
1.8.3 Construction Period ................................................................................. 29
1.9 TRAFFIC DESIGN ............................................................................................... 29
1.10 RESERVOIR INUNDATION AND LAND ACQUISITION OF THE PROJECT .............. 29
1.11 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT .......................................................... 30
1.12 BUDGET ESTIMATE .......................................................................................... 31
1.13 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 32
1.14 MAIN CONCLUSION ......................................................................................... 32

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FEASIBILITY STUDY REPORT Chapter 1 Executive Summary

Chapter 1 Executive Summary

1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Background of Project

1.1.1.1 Electric power situation in Pakistan

Electric power demand in Pakistan keeps going beyond power supply capacity
of the country, and with rapid growth of national economy, excessive load is
increasingly serious. It is estimated that the maximum electric power
supply-demand imbalance occurred in the 1990s, once reaching the peak of
15%-25%. This system-concerned imbalance results in regular power cutoff to
limit consumption, such as power consumption limitation during the peak electric
power demand.

This measures for reducing electric power supply brings not only inconvenience
to consumers, but also significant impact on economic growth. Although there
are diversified estimated impacts on economic growth, a loss of 1.5% of GDP
growth has been brought by investment in own commercial and industrial
back-up power supply due to electric power shortage. The national earthquake
occurred in 2005 also seemed to have increased the electric power demand
caused by damage to infrastructure and increased energy demand by
reconstruction.

It is predicted that population and economy in the country will keep developing at
high speed during a certain period of time in the future. Therefore, electric power
supply-demand imbalance is predicted to be worsened in the near future.

In addition to other aspects, the weak link between electric power demand and
price also used to be an obstruction for private investment in electric power
industry. Considering increase in fuel price due to great price fluctuation all over
the world, the price of electricity has been noticeably increased recently.

1.1.1.2 Description of current situation

Electric power in Pakistan is currently supplied from several resources, and

about 50% of electric energy is produced with natural gas from state oil and gas
fields. Total output in 2004 was about 27.4 million m3. However, external
assistance during further development of natural gas supply in the country shall

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be required for further assessment on electric power demand and introduction of

natural gas transport technology.

64,000bbl of oil is now supplied to the region by the country every day, while the
daily demand is about 350,000bbl. Although investment in oil and natural gas
has been significantly improved in recent years, no sign of prosperous
self-sufficiency of oil and gas in Pakistan in the predictable future can be found.
Therefore, the demand shortage will continue to rely on import to put the country
in the severe international oil price fluctuation and to consume the valuable
foreign exchange income.

Although the determined atomic energy and coal can supply a small proportion
of the energy combination, and coal-fired power generation can slightly improve
restoration efforts in the low-carbon protection zone of Thar Desert, future
demand cannot be fully satisfied. Moreover, in addition to impact on economic
growth, the development will typically bring environmental concerns. As a result,
traffic pollution and industrial pollution has caused adverse impacts in many
fields, including drinking water supply and air quality.

Due to the above factors, efforts must be made to seek for increasingly attractive
alternative energies.

1.1.1.3 Hydropower development

Installed generation capacity provided by the original hydropower project is

about 6,500MW, which is owned by the government and managed by WAPDA.
Despite continuous development, compared with the potential capacity,
utilization rate of hydropower is still lower. It is predicted from recent studies that
only 11.7% of available hydropower resources have been used.

Hydropower development is quite attractive in contribution to improving water

resource management level in the country. The water resource management
shall cover one of the largest irrigation systems in the world and agriculture
heavily relied on by the country. In 2001, WAPDA prepared 2005 Development
Planning and Prospect to promote development of the supplementary irrigation
water supply and development of available hydropower as an additional
advantage.

In 1994, Private Power & Infrastructure Board (PPIB) was established to

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encourage private companies to participate in development of electric power

industry in Pakistan through foreign direct investment. The purpose is to achieve
the above objective through various incentives so that the problem of large
capital expenditure from the country’s finance will be relieved. So far,
independent power producers (IPPs) have exclusively occupied the thermal
power market because thermal power plants require shorter construction period
and are more attractive to private investors.

Meanwhile, PPIB has also identified many more attractive dam sites with
hydropower potential, one of which is Suki Kinari hydropower project on Kunhar
River in Northwest Frontier Province. In the project, the gross head available
within about 25km of straight river is about 900m. SK Hydro Private Limited has
now been awarded with the right for development at the dam site. CGGC
International Limited has obtained the right and interests for joint development of
the project with SK Hydro Private Limited through international public tender.

1.1.2 Overview of Project

Suki Kinari Hydropower Station shall be a run-of-river station, and diversion type
development shall be used, with normal water level of 2275m and dead water
level of 2265m for the reservoir. Original reservoir capacity below the normal
water level shall be 9.07 million m3, the original dead reservoir capacity shall be
6.3 million m3 and the original regulating capacity shall be 2.7 million m3. Totally
4 units with total installed capacity of 873.508MW shall be installed in the station,
and the average annual output during operation of the station shall be 3.081
billion kW·h. The project shall be composed of main buildings including the
diversion dam, spillway, water intake, underground sedimentation basin,
headrace tunnel, surge tank, pressure penstock, powerhouse and tailrace tunnel.
It is preliminarily determined that in the project area, the peak ground horizontal
acceleration of operating basic earthquake (OBE) shall be 0.25g, peak ground
horizontal acceleration of the maximum design earthquake (MDE) shall be 0.53g
and peak ground horizontal acceleration of maximum credible earthquake (MCE)
shall be 0.55g. The ratio between the vertical direction and the horizontal
direction shall be 1. For the diversion dam, at the design flood frequency
P=0.01%, the peak flood shall be 2030m3/s, and at check flood of PMF, the peak
flow shall be 3777m3/s.

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In the Project, a concrete-lined headrace tunnel 19.5km long with internal

diameter of 6m shall be provided. The design diversion flow shall be 114.6m 3/s
and the maximum diversion flow shall be 126.06m3/s. the invert level at the
starting point of the headrace tunnel shall be at elevation 2251.35m and at the
end shall be at elevation 2135.00m.

The powerhouse shall be an underground powerhouse at buried depth of 850m.

4 Pelton turbine-generator units with total capacity of 873.508MW shall be
installed in the powerhouse. The tailrace tunnel shall be 4200m long, with
section dimensions of 5.15m×6.00m.

1.1.3 Project Location and External Traffic

Suki Kinari Hydropower Project shall be located on Kunhar River in Mansehra

region in Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan. After coming out of Lulusar
Lake at elevation 4146m, Kunhar River flows towards Balakot to finally reach
GhariHabib-Ullah before joining Jhelum River in Patta.

The dam and the water intake shall be located near Andherabela Village on
Kunhar River, and they shall be totally 256km from Islamabad, and 1956km from
karachi (main harbor). Tailrace outlet of the power station shall be located near
Paras Village and 35km from the dam and water intake.

Location of Suki Kinari Hydropower Project in Pakistan is shown in figure 1-1.

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Figure 1-1 Location of Suki Kinari Hydropower Project

1.2 Hydrology and Sediment

1.2.1 Overview of the Basin

Suki Kinari Hydropower Project is located in Kaghan Valley on Kunhar river

basin in the east of Northwest Frontier Province of Pakistan, and catchment area
above the dam site is 1311km2. The whole basin is located in the alpine region at
elevations ranging from altitudes 2134m~5200m. The surface is covered with
forests and with the valley with steep slope, the basin is in a narrow and long
shape. The gradient of upstream Riverbed of Narah Village, which is 13km
upstream of the project area, is about 4%, and the gradient of the river between
Naran Village and GarhiHabibullah Village 80km downstream of the project area
is about 2%. Many tributaries, most of which originate from glacier areas at

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altitude 4000m, join above the dam site.

Altitude at the dam site is about 2200m, and altitude of 90% catchment area is
over 3000m and only the remaining 10% is around 2000m~3000m.

1.2.2 Meteorology

According to statistics with data from Narah weather station near the project site,
in the area near the dam site, average annual rainfall is 1616mm, which is
distributed in an uneven manner throughout the year, with the maximum rainfall
of 269mm in March and the minimum rainfall of 60mm in September; the annual
average evaporation is 989mm, and there is no evaporation data during
January~March for the temperature is below zero and the maximum average
evaporation of 216mm occurs in July; the peak of monthly average maximum
temperature is 24℃, and the peak of monthly average minimum temperature is
-12℃, with the extreme high temperature of 38℃ in June and the extreme low
temperature of -17℃ in February.

1.2.3 Runoff

Runoff series during 1960~2008 in Narah station and runoff series during
1960~1968 in Khanian station are taken as basis for calculation of runoff at the
dam site which is between these two hydrological stations. Conversion of the
runoff at the dam site shall be obtained with the runoff at the upstream Naran
hydrological station plus runoff in the interval. The annual average runoff at the
dam site is 1.92 billion m3 ,and the annual average flow is 60.9 m3/s with the
maximum annual average flow of 82.5 m3/s in 1992 and the minimum annual
average flow of 39.8 m3/s in 2006, which means a ratio of 2.07 between these
two extreme values. Most of runoff during 1962~1974 occurred from April to
October, accounting for 90% of the annual runoff, while runoff from November to
March accounted for 10% of the annual runoff.

1.2.4 Design Flood

In 2012 Client tender documents, design flood at the dam site was checked with
the regional synthesis method and statistics method, and in 2012 Client tender
documents, Sacramento model was adopted to calculate the probable maximum
flood based on the probable maximum rainfall. PMF at the dam site is calculated
to be 3777m3/s.

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1.2.5 Sediment

Runoff on Kunhar River is mainly formed by melting of snow, and the maximum
runoff generally occurs in June or July.

Almost 1000 suspended load observations were implemented in Naran station

on Kunhar River during 1960~2005, and with measurement and verification of
sand content in the suspended load, the conclusion is that sand content of
suspended load is related to landslide and riverbank erosion but poorly related to
flow in the river has been reached.

The annual average sediment load in Naran station is estimated to be 274300

tons, and with a proportion of 15% of bed load in suspended load, the annual
average suspended load is to be 238500 tons and the annual average bed load
shall be 35800 tons. The data was later extended to 2008, and the annual
average suspended load of 342000 tons at the dam site is obtained.

Sampling of bed load was implemented in Suki Kinari from May 25, 2011 to June
15, 2011. Based on the sampling results, together with a large amount of
analysis, a ratio of 25% between the bed load and suspended load was obtained,
which means annual average bed load is 85500 tons. Total annual average
sediment at the dam site is 427500 tons. From results of particle size distribution
of the sediment sample, particle size of the suspended load is between
0.01mm~5mm, and around 0.02mm for D50; particle size of the bed load is
between 0.1mm~100mm, and around 1mm for D50.

Petrographic test on sediment samples from Kunhar riverbed has been carried
out in Geology College of University of Punjab in Lahore City, and most sediment
is of a particle size between 0.5~1mm. With regard to mineral composition,
quartz content in the sample is 65%, including 85% in single-component quartz
and 50% in composite-component quartz. Feldspar content in the sample is 15%,
and it is composed of plagioclase and orthoclase. Debris content in the sample is
20%, including limestone, silicalite, gneiss, schist and taconite. Content of other
components such as muscovite is below 1%.

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1.3 Geology

1.3.1 Regional Geology and Earthquake

Influenced by the collision between Indian Plate and Asian Plate 50~55 million
years ago (which closed up Ancient Mediterranean distributed along the
Himalayas), in Pakistan region, Indian Plate subducted below Eurasian Plate,
forming complex geological environment with coexistence of igneous rock,
sedimentary rock and metamorphic rock.

The project area is an area with high and medium mountains at ground
elevations ranging from 2200m to 3500m, the terrain changes is more than
1000m.

Several major thrust zones and faults develop from south to north in the project
area, and they are respectively main boundary thrust zone (MBT, also called
Murree fault), Panjal fault, main central thrust zone (MCT), main mantle thrust
(MMT). The project area shall be mainly located in the metamorphic zone to the
north of Panjal fault and to the south of MCT, with main lithology of
Precambrian~Cambrian Kaghan group quartz-mica schist mixed with quartzite,
marble, calcareous schist and graphite-schist, etc. There is wide distribution of
Quaternary deposits which are of the alluvial, colluvial and glacier type, etc
according to the cause of formation.

Main physical geological effects in the region shall be weathering, with

geological disasters including collapse, landslide and mudslide.

The project area shall be located in Hazara-Kashmir arc-shaped zone in

Himalayan fold zone, and the seismotectonic characteristics are extremely
complex: coexistence of various earthquake mechanisms including thrust fault
type, normal fault type and strike-slip fault. Earthquakes in the region are quite
active, and most of them are devastating earthquakes of magnitude 5~6 and few
earthquakes are of magnitude 6~7, with 3 earthquakes recorded to be of
magnitude above 7 but below 8.

1.3.2 Basic Engineering Geological Conditions

The reservoir bank has high and steep slopes, part of which are covered with
modern deposits (e.g. colluvial deposits, slope toe talus deposits). River terrace

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deposits develop along the river and most of them is farmland. Most of the
deposits are formed with glaciers and snowslide. The underlying bedrock is
mainly quartzite, quartz-mica schist and graphite-schist, etc. and joint fissures
develop there, but the rock mass has poor permeability. Several rock mass
creep zones and collapse zones exist on the reservoir bank.

Most of dam site 3 is covered with Quaternary cover mainly of colluvial deposits,
terrace deposits and alluvial deposits. There is a deep and thick drift gravel layer
on the riverbed, and it cannot be determined that whether bedrock exists 92m
deep at bore hole BH-3 in the riverbed center section at the dam site. Most of the
cover has moderate permeability, but local part are strongly permeable. The
bedrock formation shall be Cambrian~Precambrian Rajwal group formation, with
main lithology of quartz-mica schist, quartzite, diabase and quartzite gneiss, with
dense~medium spacing joints. The bedrock is weakly~slightly permeable, and
moderately permeable in some parts.

Corrosive water is of the sulfate type of crystalization class which is

weakly~moderately corrosive to ordinary cement and not corrosive to sulfate
resisting cement. In some parts, the corrosive ground water is of the general acid
type of decomposition class which is weakly~moderately corrosive.

The route of the headrace tunnel shall pass through the area with high and
medium mountains with main lithology of Kaghan group quartz-mica schist,
quartzite containing mica, argillaceous rock, calcareous schist, marble and
gypsum interbed, marble and metamorphic conglomerate, etc. For the tunnel in
the upstream section, most of the burial depths are less than 300m, and the
maximum burial depth shall be about 750m, with the tunnel in the inlet section
and the passing gulley section generally buried to less than 70m deep. For the
tunnel in the downstream section, the maximum buried depth shall be up to
1300m, including a tunnel section about 6km long with buried depth over 600m.
Most rocks in the general tunnel section are medium hard~hard rocks, with
included angle generally not exceeding 30° between the joint and the axis. The
tunnel shall pass through two major thrust faults.

The underground powerhouse shall have burial depth about 850m, and it is
inferred that the lithology of the formation will be Mahandri group quartzite mixed
with marble belonging to medium hard~hard rock. The tailrace tunnel shall be

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about 4.4km long and it shall pass through 2 thrust faults. The rock mass shall
be weakly permeable.

1.3.3 Construction Materials

Materials from excavation of the tunnel contain a large amount of quartz gneiss
which is not appropriate to be used as coarse aggregate. Most coarse
aggregates shall be artificially prepared.

3 block quarries with rich reserves, RanjaBela block quarry (limestone),

Shino-Noori block quarry (metabasalt) and MangialKhatta block quarry
(quartzite), shall be selected, from which rockfill for the dam shall be obtained.

Fine aggregate yards are distributed in a scattered manner, and some will
require long transport distance. All the sand will bring alkali activity hazard to
high-alkali cement. Moreover, stones can be obtained from the 3 block quarry for
artificial preparation of fine aggregates.

The soil is mainly clay silt with lower clay content and plasticity index.

1.4 Task and Scale of the Project

1.4.1 Necessity of Project Construction

(1) Alleviation of the serious power shortage in Pakistan power grid

According to the Pakistan water and electricity department and prediction of this
time, the maximum load of Pakistan power grid in 2025 will be 46440MW,

By the end of June 2013, the installed capacity of built power station in Pakistan
is 23660MW, there are 15 power station under construction, with a total installed
capacity of 5739MW, the total installed capacity of built and under construction
projects amounts to 29399MW, the installed capacity cannot meet the maximum
load requirements of power grid.

Power shortage in Pakistan is serious, with the development of social economy,

electricity demand will gradually increase, the power shortage problem will
become increasingly serious.

Due to the lack of domestic funds, Pakistan is seeking private power developers
and international funds to meet the needs of power development.

After completion of the project, it will transmit power and energy to Pakistan

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power grid, this may alleviate the severe power shortage.

(2) Promotion of Pakistan's economic and social development

It has a long history of power shortage in Pakistan, power rationing has to done
in large area of the country. In Islamabad, the daily outage time in summer is
about 12 hours, it is up to 20 hours in most villages and mountain area, which
seriously affect the economic and social development and local people’s lives.

Large-scale power outage occurred early in the morning of January 25, 2015, as
of the afternoon, some areas if Pakistan are still in no electricity, it is one of the
most serious energy crisis in the history of Pakistan, capital Islamabad and large
number of towns and villages were affected by it.

Electricity structure in Pakistan gives first place to household demand,

accounting for about 45%. Due to the extreme shortage of electricity, the power
grid gives priority to residents demand, therefore, it cannot meet the electricity
requirements of industry and service, etc. Power shortage has restricted the
development of Pakistan's economy.

After completion of the project, it will transmit power and energy to Pakistan
power grid, which plays an important role in promoting sustained, rapid and
healthy development of Pakistan's economy and society.

(3) Reduction of the dependence on nonrenewable resources

Pakistan is short of oil and gas, but rich in coal resources, wind energy, solar
energy and other renewable energy resources.

The remaining recoverable oil resources is 45.87 million tons, calculated as the
current annual output of 3.3 million tons, oil reserve production ratio is only 14
years. The residual recoverable amount of natural gas resources is 754.7 billion
m3, calculated as the current annual natural gas output of 44.1 billion m3, the
natural gas reserve production ratio is only 17 years.

Coal reserves in Pakistan are 186.3 billion tons, they are mainly concentrated in
Sindh province, the coal is lignite with low calorific value, but can be used for
coal electricity integrated development, which has great potential.

In addition to water power, the main power supply in Pakistan is mainly oil and
gas electricity with high power generation cost, which relies highly on oil and gas.

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Due to the shortage of oil and gas resources, the need to import and other
reasons, the shortage of fuel supply results in a sharp decline in oil and gas
power supply output and power generation.

Power supply in Pakistan is mainly oil and gas electricity, the problems of high
power generation cost, insufficient output, heavy dependence on energy
seriously affect the power generation efficiency of power plant, it further
exacerbates power shortage in the power grid, the power structure needs to be
optimized. According to Pakistan's energy resources, the future power
expansion will be based on the hydropower, high parameters of coal and nuclear
power, wind power, solar energy and other new energy power to promote green
multiple development of electricity, and reduce the burden of energy supply.

As a renewable clean energy, the construction of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station

can optimize the power structure, ease the burden of energy supply and reduce
the dependence on nonrenewable resources.

(4 ) Acceleration of the development of hydropower resources

Hydropower resources of Pakistan are mainly concentrated in the main course

of Indian River and the four main tributaries on the left bank, i.e., Jhelum River,
Chenab River, Ravi River and Satluj River.

The main task of the management and development of India River is irrigation.
India River has a long history of irrigation, Malala gate was built on Ravi River in
1887, since then it entered the stage of water diversion by dam. After signing the
Indus Waters Treaty in 1960, water control projects including dams and
reservoirs are built on the tributaries for comprehensive utilization of the water
conservancy, these projects, in addition to irrigation, have flood control, power
generation and other benefits. Nearly 10 hydropower stations such as Warsak
(240mw), Mangla (1000MW) and Tarbela (3478MW) are built.

Pakistan is rich in hydropower resources, with capacity of technical development

of 59796MW. At present, there are 39 built and under construction projects with
total capacity of 1591.76MW, accounting only about 14.08% of the development
capacity. The remaining capacity of technological development is nearly 2 times
of the total installed capacity of the power grid, there is great potential for water
resources development.

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Construction of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station can speed up the development

of hydropower resources in Pakistan.

The installed capacity of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station is 873.508MW, the

station has daily peak load regulation capacity, it can provide annual electricity of
3081 GW·h. After the project is constructed, it will transmit electric power and
energy to the national power grid, thus easing the severe shortage of power grid
and promoting the economic and social development. Therefore, it is very
necessary and urgent to construct Suki Kinari Hydropower Station as soon as
possible.

1.4.2 Task of the Project

Task of Suki Kinari Hydropower Project shall mainly be power generation to

provide power system in Pakistan with electric power and energy so that the
increasing electric power demand in Pakistan can be satisfied.

1.4.3 Power Supply Scope

After completed, Suki Kinari Hydropower Station shall get access to the state
grid via 500KV transmission line and supply power to the central and southern
region by Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA).

1.4.4 Design Level Year and Design Dependability

The year 2025 shall be taken as the design level year for Suki Kinari
Hydropower Station, and the design dependability shall be 90%.

1.4.5 Characteristic Water Level

(1) Normal storage level

At this stage, 3 proposals have been proposed for the normal storage level:
2270m, 2275m and 2280m. During the flood period from June to July, the
maximum operating level shall be 5m lower than the normal storage level. With
comprehensive consideration of topographic and geological conditions at the
dam site and indicators including generating capacity, annual utilization hours of
units and guaranteed output in individual proposals, normal storage level of Suki
Kinari Hydropower Station is recommended to be 2275m.

(2) Dead water level

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With comprehensive consideration of sediment deposits, arrangement of

hydraulic structures and daily regulating capacity, dead water level of the
reservoir shall be 2265m.

1.4.6 Installed Capacity

Suki Kinari Hydropower Station shall be accessed to Pakistan state grid mainly
for satisfying electric power demand in the project site and other regions in
Pakistan. Installed capacity at the power station shall be proposed to be
840.25MW, 870.25MW or 900.25MW. In this design, considering the annual
utilization hours of 350h for units installed and water utilization rate not lower
than 80%, installed capacity of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station shall be
recommended to be 873.508MW.

1.4.7 Flood Control

In case of PMF flood, the maximum inflow peak flow is 3777m3/s, the maximum
upstream level of the reservoir shall be 2279.6m, and the corresponding
maximum discharge shall be 3724m3/s.

1.4.8 Analysis of Sediment Erosion and Deposition

The reservoir shall have a capacity of 9.07 million m3 below the normal storage
level, annual average sediment discharge of 427500 tons, i.e. an equivalent of
0.32 million m3, and a ratio of 28 between the reservoir capacity and sediment
discharge. Therefore, the reservoir shall be works with serious sediment
problems, that is, if no rational dispatching and operation method is adopted for
the reservoir, the power station will be equipped with no regulating capacity after
operation for 25 years.

For calculation of sediment erosion and deposition for Sukikenari reservoir,

analysis and calculation with SUSBED-II Quasi-2D Full Sediment Mathematical
Model in Steady and Non-uniform Flow by Wuhan University of Hydraulic and
Electrical Engineering shall be implemented.

(1) Representative water and sediment series

Based on daily flow data at the dam site during 1960~2008, and daily sediment
discharge inferred from water and sediment relation, daily sediment content
series shall be obtained, and analysis and calculation of sediment erosion and

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deposition shall be implemented with water and sediment series over 10 years
(1970~1979) taken as a representative series for calculation.

In the representative water and sediment series over 10 years selected after
analysis, the annual average suspended incoming sediment is 342000 tons, the
annual average flow is 60.9m3/s, the annual average sediment content is
0.18kg/m3, and annual average bed load sediment discharge is 85500 tons.

(2) Calculation proposal

Reservoir operation practice shows that in order to maintain certain available

sediment regulation capacity, control on the surface elevation shall be the key,
and a sediment discharge limit level during the main flood period can be set so
that a large amount of sediment can deposit within the dead capacity or be
discharged out of the reservoir in order to reduce sediment deposits in the
regulating capacity.

Calculation of sediment erosion and deposition for Sukikenari power station shall
be implemented with the 3 operation methods obtained from combinations
based on the normal storage level of 2275m, dead water level of 2265m and
sediment discharge limit level of 2275m, 2270m and 2265m during the main
flood period from June to July.

(3) Sediment erosion and deposition calculation results

During the non-flood period, Sukikenari hydropower station is operated with daily
regulation which requires regulating capacity at least 1 million m 3. At a sediment
discharge limit level of 2270m during the main flood period, after the reservoirs
has been in operation for 20 years, 30 years, 40 years and 50 years, the
remaining regulating capacity will be 2.57 million m3, 2.16 million m3, 1.88 million
m3 and 1.70 million m3 respectively, which means that even after operation for
50 years, the reservoir can still have compliant remaining regulating capacity.
Therefore, it is recommended that sediment discharge limit level of 2270m
during the main flood period shall be adopted.

1.5 Layout of the Project

1.5.1 Design Standard

Suki Kinari Hydropower Station shall have total installed capacity of 873.508MW

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and total reservoir capacity of 9.07 million m3. Based on dam, spillway and water
intake designed to floods with a return period of 1000 years, the flood peak flow
shall be 2030m3/s, and with PMF as the check flood standard, the flood peak
flow shall be 3777m3/s. Energy dissipation and scour protection facilities of
release stuctures shall be designed to floods with a return period of 100 years.

With regard to seismic parameters, based on recommendations from the

consultation engineer at the bidding design stage, peak ground horizontal
acceleration of operating basic earthquake (OBE) shall be 0.25g, peak ground
horizontal acceleration of the maximum design earthquake (MDE) shall be 0.53g
and peak ground horizontal acceleration of maximum credible earthquake (MCE)
shall be 0.55g. The ratio between the vertical direction and the horizontal
direction shall be 1.

1.5.2 Layout of the project

Suki Kinari Hydropower Project shall be located on mainstream of Kunhar River

and relief in the hub area is great. Several major thrust zones and faults develop
from south to north near the project area, and they are respectively main
boundary thrust zone (MBT, also called Murree fault), Panjal fault, main central
thrust zone (MCT), main mantle thrust (MMT). The project area shall be mainly
located in the metamorphic zone to the north of Panjal fault and to the south of
MCT, with main lithology of Precambrian~Cambrian Kaghan group quartz-mica
schist mixed with quartzite, marble, calcareous schist and graphite-schist, etc.
There is wide distribution of Quaternary deposits which are of the alluvial,
colluvial and glacier type, etc according to the cause of formation.

By taking full advantage of good topographic and geological conditions of

greater relief in the project area, a dam axis near Andherabela Village is selected,
and the powerhouse site is determined to be near Paras Village. The reservoir
and the powerhouse is connected through a headrace tunnel 19.5km long. As a
result, full advantage of electric energy of Kunkhar River between Naran and
Paras is taken.

By taking advantage of the natural topography in the layout, the diversion dam
shall require smaller height and relatively smaller quantities. It shall be a
composite dam of asphalt faced rockfill dam and concrete gravity dam. The

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asphalt faced rockfill dam shall be provided in the middle of the riverbed, with
concrete gravity dams provided on both sides. The spillway shall be provided in
the concrete gravity dam section, with spillway on the left bank and bottom outlet
on the right bank. All spillways shall be provided with energy dissipation by
trajectory jet.

The water intake shall be installed on the upper right side on the right bank of the
diversion dam, and sill elevation of the water intake shall be increased in order to
effectively prevent sediment deposition in front of the water intake.

Behind the water intake, a sedimentation basin is provided, followed by a

headrace tunnel 19.5km long. A surge tank will be provided at the end of the
headrace tunnel, and it will be connected to the underground powerhouse via a
pressure shaft 770.85m high.

The underground powerhouse shall be buried to about 850m deep and the
dimensions (L×W×H) shall be 118m×27m×40m. Tail water from the power
station shall be discharged into the downstream river through 2 parallel tailrace
tunnels with a total length about 4200m. An access tunnel 4200m long and a
cable tunnel 2132m long shall be provided in the power station.

1.5.3 Main Strucutres

1.5.3.1 Water-retaining Strucutre

The diversion dam shall be an asphalt concrete faced rockfill dam at crest
elevation of 2281.5m and with crest width of 10m. The maximum height of the
dam (the part above the riverbed surface) is 54.5m, and the crest is 215.3m long.
A reinforced concrete parapet wall 1.2m above the crest is provided on the
upstream side on top of the dam. Slopes upstream and downstream of the dam
is 1:1.8. Downstream slopes shall be protected with block stones. A layer of
asphalt concrete slab of 300mm thick shall be used as impermeable layer on the
upstream face of the dam, and bottom of the layer shall be connected with the
vertical flexible concrete cutoff wall to form an impermeable barrier.

1.5.3.2 Discharge Strucutre

Spillways on the left bank shall be 6 openings spillways at weir crest elevation of
2269.50m. The opening shall be 4.5m wide. Stoplog maintenance gate and

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radial gate shall be provided. Total length on the dam crest shall be 41.4m.
Access bridge shall be provided on the openings. Under PMF flood conditions,
the upstream water level shall be 2279.6m. A sluice channel about 74m long
shall be provided after the openings spillway, and at the end of the channel, flip
bucket with energy dissipation by trajectory jet shall be provided.

5 bottom outlets shall be provided on the right bank, with the invert elevation of
2244m, with opening dimensions of 4.5m×5.6m(W×H). Stoplog maintenance
gate and radial gate shall be provided. Total length on the dam crest shall be
38m. A sluice channel about 32m long shall be provided after the bottom hole
spillway, and at the end of the channel, flip bucket with energy dissipation by
trajectory jet shall be provided.

1.5.3.3 Waterway and power generation system

The waterway and power generation system shall be composed of structures

including the water intake, sedimentation basin, headrace tunnel, surge tank,
pressure tunnel, penstock, main powerhouse, tailrace tunnel and outdoor
switchyard.

Water intake to the power station is located close to the bottom outlet on the right
bank of Kunhar River, and it shall be of the open type with totally 4 openings.
Each opening shall have net width of 6m and be provided with the trash rack.

The underground sedimentation basin shall be formed with excavation in the hill
close to the bottom hole spillway. The sedimentation basin shall be designed to
be the inverted U-shaped, with a flush corridor provided in the lower part. It shall
be provided with reinforced concrete lining and shall be at top elevation of
2263.35m and at bottom elevations changing from 2241.85m to 2238.85m. The
lined sedimentation basin shall have a net width of 14m, excluding the lower
flushing corridor which shall be 18.25m high and about 185m long. The lower
flush corridor shall be provided with a 1×5m rectangular section and it is for
storage of settled sediment.

The headrace tunnel shall have internal diameter of 6m, length about 19500m,
rated flow of 114.6m3/s and maximum diversion flow of 126.06m3/s. Concrete
lining shall be applied on the whole cross section.

The surge tank shall be provided at the end of the headrace tunnel, at the rear of

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the low-pressure headrace tunnel, and it shall be a double chamber type surge
tank with top elevation of 2343.0m and bottom elevation of 2138m. The surge
tank is 205m high.

Penstock is composed of two pressure shafts and the lower horizontal section.
The pressure shaft have internal diameter of 3m, at top elevation of 2135.00m
and bottom elevation of 1364.15m, and with a height difference of 770.85m.
Penstock of the lower horizontal section shall be composed of 2 parts: two
penstocks with diameter of 3m and 4 branch penstocks with diameter of 2.12m.
The end of the branch shall finally be reduced to branch pipe with a diameter of
1.7m and shall enter the underground powerhouse.

The main powerhouse shall be an underground powerhouse installed with 4

pelton turbine-generator units with total capacity of 873.508MW. Outgoing line
from the generator shall be at voltage of 18KV and with a power factor of 0.8.
The transformer is single-phase transformer, with unit capacity of 105000 kVA
and voltage ratio of 500/18kV. Design discharge of the power station is
114.6m3/s, and the rated head shall be 847.68m. Dimensions of the powerhouse
shall be 118m×27m×40m (L×W×H).

2 units shall share a tailrace tunnel, and there shall be 2 tailrace tunnels. The
tailrace tunnels shall have section dimensions of 5.15m×6m, and the total length
shall be about 4200m.

1.5.3.4 Switchyard

The switchyard shall be a ground-type switchyard with voltage level of 500KV. It

is located on a relatively gentle slope between the powerhouse and Kunhar
River, and dimensions of the switchyard shall be 84m×145m.

1.6 Machinery, Electrical System and Metal Structures

1.6.1 Hydraulic Machinery

1.6.1.1 Hydraulic turbine-generator unit

The power station shall have installed capacity of 873.508MW, design discharge
of 114.6 m3/s, rated discharge of 28.65m3/s for a single unit, maximum net head
of 910.85m, minimum head of 834.41m and rated head of 847.68m. Four
vertical-shaft impact-type hydraulic turbine-generator units shall be installed in

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the power station.

Hydraulic turbines of model CJ430-L-3258/6×235.2, with rated output of

221.725MW, rated efficiency of 93.12%, rated speed of 375rpm, rated specific
speed of 38.61m·kW, maximum output (with discharge increased to 110% of the
rated discharge) of 239.882MW and 6 nozzles shall be used. Installation
elevation of centerlines of the nozzle and runner of the hydraulic
turbine-generator shall be 1364.15m.

For the power generator, the rated capacity shall be 272971 kVA, maximum
capacity 295355 kVA, power factor 0.8, rated efficiency 98.49% and rated speed
375 r/min.

1.6.1.2 Speed governing equipment and regulation guarantee

Each unit in the power station shall be provided with a microcomputer-based

electro-hydraulic governor with PID regulating laws, and rated oil pressure of the
supporting oil pressure device shall be 6.3MPa.

Regulation guarantee calculation results: (1) needle off time 37s, deflector off
time 3s; (2) maximum pressure of 1093m on inlet section of water distribution
ring pipe; maximum speed rise rate of 15% for the unit. The regulation guarantee
calculation results are compliant with relevant regulations and specifications and
the Owner’s requirements.

1.6.1.3 Inlet valve for hydraulic turbine-generator

A hydraulic-operated inlet ball valve with diameter of 1860mm and design

pressure of 12.0MPa shall be provided at the inlet to the water distribution ring
pipe of each hydraulic turbine-generator. The valve shall be provided with
accumulator type oil pressure device.

1.6.1.4 Protection valve for penstock

To protect the penstock behind the surge tank and to facilitate maintenance of
the penstock, DN3000 and PN2.5 MPa protection butterfly valves for the
penstock shall be installed on each penstock. The valve can also serve as
maintenance valve of the main inlet valve of the hydraulic turbine-generator and
secondary protection in case of failure to needle/deflector of the hydraulic
turbine-generator.

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1.6.1.5 Lifting equipment

Two 250t/50t/10t single-trolley bridge cranes with span of 26.5m shall be

provided in main powerhouse of the power station mainly for installation and
maintenance of hydraulic turbine-generator units and their auxiliary equipment in
the main powerhouse.

A 10t electric single-girder crane shall be provided in the GIS room.

A 10t electric single-girder crane shall be provided in the machine repair shop.

A 25t single-trolley bridge crane shall be provided in the protection valve room
for steel pressure pipes.

1.6.1.6 Auxiliary hydraulic and mechanical machinery, equipment and system

The power station shall be provided with unit technical water supply system,
maintenance and leakage drainage system, medium and low pressure
compressed air system, turbine oil and insulting oil treatment equipment,
generator and transformer fire-fighting system, hydraulic measurement system
and repairing equipment.

1.6.2 Primary Electrical System

1.6.2.1 Access system

Outgoing lines from switchyard of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station shall be of

voltage level of 500KV on the HV side, and they shall be accessed to Aliot
substation through two circuits of 500KV overhead lines. Terminal equipment for
outgoing line of the power station shall all be provided in the 500KV outdoor
switchyard. Analysis of access system of SKHPP Hydropower Station (e.g. load
prediction, flow calculation, stability analysis, short circuit analysis, etc.) and
power transmission and transformation works shall not be included in the
Contract, but be planned and designed by NTDC instead. The design scope for
the power station shall cover the outgoing line frame of the switchyard of SKHPP
Hydropower Station, among which, shunt reactors of the switchyard and their
supporting equipment shall be supplied and installed by NTDC.

1.6.2.2 Electric wiring and layout of main equipment

At this stage, wiring for the power generator and the main transformer shall be
implemented with the combination of 1 unit and 1 transformer. The elevated
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voltage side shall be of voltage level of 500KV, and on the 500KV HV side,
one-and-a-half breaker configuration, 4 circuits of incoming lines to main
transformer and 2 circuits of outgoing lines shall be provided. In the station
service power system, station service transformers shall be provided on the end
of units 1, 2 and 3. A 1000KW diesel generator unit shall be also provided as
backup power supply.

Isolated-phase enclosed busbar shall be used for connection between the

generator and the main transformer, and GIB pipeline for connection between
main transformer and GIS equipment and GIL pipeline arranged in underground
tunnel for connection between GIS equipment and 500KV outdoor switchyard.

Equipment including the power generator, generator circuit breaker,

isolated-phase enclosed busbar, diesel generator unit, transformer in station
service power supply system and HV and LV switchgears shall be provided in
the main cavern of the underground powerhouse. 500kV GIS equipment and
main transformer shall be provided on the upper and the lower layers in the main
transformer cavern on the downstream side of the underground powerhouse.

Transmission end equipment such as Shunt reactor, trap and CVVT shall be
provided in the 500KV outdoor switchyard with an area of 145X84m (L XW).

Power supply and distribution equipment in the switchyard, dam and individual
camps, protection valve area, etc. shall be provided in the distribution room in
the respective area.

1.6.2.3 11kV overhead line

11KV overhead line in the Project shall be composed of the following two parts:

(1) Power supply system within scope of the Project:

According to the bidding documents, 11KV overhead lines with power supply
from 11KV busbar of the distribution room of 500KV outdoor switchyard shall be
used for power supply to the camp in powerhouse area, the dam and the camp
in the dam area and the protection valve area.

(2) 11KV overhead line inundated by the reservoir:

According to the bidding documents, the 11KV overhead line inundated by the
reservoir shall be included in scope of the Project, and at this stage, this section

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of line shall be included in description in this section and be included in the

quantities, and the party to be responsible for design and construction of this
section of line shall be specified at the next stage.

1.6.3 Secondary Electrical System

1.6.3.1 Control system

The power station, 500kVGIS switchyard, control valve and equipment at water
intake to the dam shall be controlled with advanced distributed computer
monitoring system (DCS), and the control system shall be composed of 4 levels:
management level, station control level, unit control level and field control level.
Management level of the power station shall be provided in Pakistan National
Power Control Center (NPCC) in Islamabad to achieve monitoring on major
equipment in the station via Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)
device. Headquarters of the the power station shall be provided in Lahore, and
interface equipment shall be installed on the station side to send main
equipment signals to the headquarters. Besides, interfaces shall be reserved in
the station control system for monitoring system in other power station in Kaghan
basin.

AC 220V power supplied by UPS for duration at least 60 minutes shall be

provided for the station monitoring system.

2 field control panels with control valves and 1 set of DC equipment shall be
provided at the inlet of the surge tank.

2 sets of operator work stations, 1 set of DC equipment and field control panels
for individual gates shall be provided as monitoring equipment in the dam control
room.

Headquarters of the power station shall be provided in Lahore, and 2 sets of

operator work stations shall be provided for monitoring on main equipment
signals in the power station.

1.6.3.2 Excitation

The generator shall be provided with static controllable silicone excitation system
composed of excitation transformer, automatic digital voltage regulator, static
controllable silicone rectifier, generator excitation breaker and DC busbar. With

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the de-excitation switch and de-excitation resistance, rapid de-excitation can be

ensured in case of fault to the generator. Over-voltage protectors shall be
provided in rotor winding and controllable silicone circuit.

1.6.3.3 Synchronization

The 4 circuit breakers at the generator outlet and the 500kVGIS circuit breaker
shall serve as synchronization points in the power station. Automatic quasi
synchronization mode shall be adopted as the regular synchronization mode,
while manual quasi synchronization mode as backup synchronization mode.
Each unit shall be provided with 1 set of microcomputer-based automatic quasi
synchronization device and manual quasi synchronization device, and GIS shall
be provided with 1 set of multi-point synchronization device and manual quasi
synchronization device.

1.6.3.4 Electric energy metering

Multi-function electronic instruments shall be used for electric energy metering,

and the metering points shall be provided on the 500KV side of the main
transformer. The power generator and power supply to the station shall also be
provided with electric energy metering devices.

1.6.3.5 Relay protection system

The relay protection system shall include 1#~4# generator protection and
excitation transformation protection, 1#~4# main transformer protection,
1#~2#500kV outgoing line protection, 500kV busbar protection, 1#~3#18kV
station service transformer protection and other LV station service transformer
protection.

1.6.3.6 DC and UPS system

DC 220V power supply composed of two groups of valve regulated lead acid
(VRLA) batteries shall be provided in the power station, as well as 230 AC
uninterruptible power supply (UPS). The power station shall be also provided
with 1 set of UPS with battery as emergency lighting power supply.

1.6.3.7 Communication system

According to position and access system of Suki Kinari Hydropower Project, and
dispatching management method, installed capacity in the powerhouse, layout

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of hub, construction organization, etc. of the station completed, general

communication proposal shall be determined to include the following:

(1) Communication for production management and production dispatching in

the station;

(2) System communication: power line carrier channel and ground composite
optical fiber communication channel shall be organized on the two circuits of
500KV outgoing lines;

(3) Local area network: information nodes of the dam, power station, switchyard
and living area, etc shall be linked with 24-cored optical fiber cable, and optical
fiber transmission equipment and switch shall be provided in individual nodes;

(4) External communication;

(5) Video monitoring system for dynamic observation of the screen in central
control room and diversion control room;

(6) Access control system;

(7) Automatic hydrological data acquisition and transmission system: an

automatic hydrological data acquisition and transmission system shall be
provided in the Project, including 17 remote measuring stations, inclusive of 3
hydrological stations;

(8) Communication power supply.

1.6.3.8 Fire alarm and linkage system

The automatic fire alarm system shall mainly be composed of equipment

including automatic fire alarm cabinet, fire alarm detector, control module, signal
module, short circuit isolator, manual alarm button, sound and flash alarm and
fire part display.

1.6.4 Metal Structure

Suki Kinari Hydropower Station shall mainly be composed of buildings including

dam, powerhouse, sedimentation basin and tailrace tunnel, among which, metal
structures and equipment shall be distributed in the compensated flow tunnel,
release bottom hole, spillway and sedimentation basin of the dam, water intake
and tailrace tunnel outlet of the station. Metal structures and equipment shall

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include 40 gates of 16 types, 50 pieces of embedded parts and 26 pieces (sets)

of hoisting equipment, requiring total quantities about 1950t.

1.7 Construction, Fire Fighting and Drainage

1.7.1 Building of Power Station

The powerhouse shall be an underground powerhouse with gross floor area of

15312m2. A run village shall be provided in the powerhouse and at the dam
respectively, with the one in the powerhouse covering an area of 8.997 hectares
and the one at the dam covering an area of 4.396 hectares. All buildings shall be
provided with both interior and exterior decoration to the medium standard.

1.7.2 Water Supply and Drainage

Domestic water supply in the powerhouse shall be obtained from Penstock and
stored in the tank for fire fighting and living water. Water in the tank shall be
supplied to individual water points after being pressurized by the domestic water
pump unit and treated to compliant standards. Domestic wastewater from the
powerhouse shall be transported along the access tunnel and discharged into
the sewage treating equipment outside the tunnel after being collected with the
drainage pipeline, and after being treated to compliant standard, the wastewater
shall be discharged into rivers nearby.

Domestic water supply to the two run villages at the dam and in the powerhouse
shall be obtained from wells, and after being pumped by the well pump, it shall
enter the storage tank, and supplied to individual buildings in the camp after
being pressurized by the domestic water pump unit and treated to compliant
standards. Domestic wastewater from both run villages shall be collected with
the pipeline and discharged into water treating equipment, and after being
treated to compliant standard, the wastewater shall be discharged into rivers
nearby.

1.7.3 Ventilation and Air Conditioning

The underground powerhouse shall be provided with air-conditioning system.

Emergency staircase of the underground powerhouse shall be provided with
smoke control system. Motor floor of the main powerhouse shall be provided
with mechanical exhaust system. Offices in the underground powerhouse shall

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be provided with electric heater for heating. The powerhouse and the main
transformer transport channel shall be provided with mechanical exhaust system.
Special ventilation systems shall be provided in the oil depot, oil processing
chamber and cable mezzanine (corridor).

Offices and living rooms in the run villages shall be provided with electric heaters
for heating.

1.7.4 Fire Fighting

Production rooms including main and auxiliary powerhouse of the power station
shall be constructed to spacing compliant with relevant specifications in Code for
Design of Fire Protection of Hydraulic Engineering and Code of Design on
Building Fire Protection and Prevention.

Fire resistance rating and fire hazard classification of production rooms including
the main and the auxiliary powerhouse shall comply with Code for Design of Fire
Protection of Hydraulic Engineering.

Water for fire-fighting water supply system shall be obtained from the steel
pressure pipe. Fire-fighting water supply system in the plant area shall cover the
indoor hydrant system, automatic foam sprinkler system in the plant tank room
and water spray system for the main transformer.

Hydrant water supply system shall be provided in the underground powerhouse,

and the fire-fighting pipeline shall form a ring shape in the powerhouse. Fire
extinguishers of ammonium phosphate dry powder, carbon dioxide and foam
type shall be provided in the underground powerhouse.

Wheeled and portable fire extinguishers shall be provided around the main
transformer and in the switchyard.

Special ventilation systems shall be provided in the oil depot, oil processing
chamber and cable mezzanine (corridor).

Emergency staircase and combined-used fore-room of the underground

powerhouse shall be provided with pressurized air supply system, and motor
floor of the main powerhouse shall be provided with mechanical exhaust system.

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1.8 Construction Organization

1.8.1 Construction Condition

Suki Kinari Hydropower Project (SKHPP) shall be located on Kunhar River,

between Nran and Paras, in Mansehra region in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province
(KPK) of Islamic Republic of Pakistan, and the dam site shall be 256km from
Islamabad. You can get to the dam site by the road from Islamabad and passing
Abbottabad, Mansehra and Balakot.

In the project area, it is at moderate temperatures in summer and extremely cold

in winter. In the area near the dam site, average annual rainfall shall be 1616mm,
which is distributed in an uneven manner throughout the year, with the maximum
rainfall of 269mm in March and the minimum rainfall of 60mm in September; the
monthly average maximum temperature is 24℃, and the monthly average
minimum temperature is -12℃, with the extreme high temperature of 38℃ in
June and the extreme low temperature of -17℃ in February.

Soil, stone and gravel are available near the project area for construction of the
Project. At the current stage, mainly 2 soil borrow pits can be used as
impermeable soil material source, 3 quarries as source of block stones and
artificial concrete aggregates, and 5 gravel quarries as source of fine concrete
aggregates.

1.8.2 Construction Diversion

At the dam site, peak flow of floods with a return period of 20 years is 600m 3/s,
and 980m3/s for those with a return period of 100 years. The diversion shall be
designed to floods with a return period of 100 years, with respective diversion
flow of 980m3/s. The diversion tunnnel shall be designed to be suitable for
passing of peak flow of floods with a return period of 100 years in order to satisfy
requirements on temporary flood protection of the dam during construction.

According to topography at the dam site and layout of the project, the Project
shall be designed to 2-phased diversion. In diversion phase I, the flow shall pass
the original riverbed and during which, spillway and stilling basin on higher part
on both banks of the riverbed shall be constructed, with diversion bottom hole
reserved in the lower overflow dam section. In diversion phase II, upstream and
downstream cofferdams of the main riverbed shall be used for water retaining,

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and the diversion bottom hole and bottom hole spillway shall be used for joint
release, during which, the faced rockfill dam section on the original riverbed shall
be constructed. Filling of the upstream and downstream cofferdams shall be
implemented at the end of diversion phase I.

1.8.3 Construction Period

Total construction period of the Project shall be 72 months.

Critical routes of the Project: commencement→ mobilization→construction

road→ cable tunnel→ construction adit A10 of the powerhouse→ underground
powerhouse→ installation of the 1st unit→ installation of the 2nd unit→
installation of the 3rd unit→ installation of the 4th unit→ close-out→ completion.

1.9 Traffic Design

Traffic design shall mainly cover relocation of the national highway on the left
bank, design of roads from the bridge on Kunhar River to the switchyard and the
Owner’s camp, and Kunhar River Bridge at the tail water outlet.

Kaghan-Naran national highway to be relocated is located on the left bank of the

reservoir, and after relocation, the highway will pass the left dam abutment and it
will be totally about 4.1km long.

The existing road from Kunhar River Bridge in the tail water area of the power
station to the switchyard shall be widened and improved to a total length about
6.7km long. A road 3.0km long shall be constructed from the tail water bridge to
the Owner’s camp.

Kunhar River Bridge at the tail water outlet is located about 4km downstream of
the powerhouse in the tail water area of the station, and spanning Kunhar River,
it is a access road for the powerhouse. Access bridge on Kunhar River is about
92.5m long, with net width of 11.45+2×1.15m, and it is a double-lane two-way
access bridge.

1.10 Reservoir Inundation and Land Acquisition of the Project

Land acquired for construction of the Project shall include the reservoir
inundation affected area and project construction area. Total area of the
reservoir inundation area shall be 70.85hm2 and that of the construction area
shall be 5.08 hm2.

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Land within the construction land requisition scope shall be mainly 22 hm 2 of

farmland and 24 hm2 of pasture. Main physical objects involved in the country
side shall include 80 houses, 3 primary schools, 2 middle schools, 3 mosques, 2
graveyards, 8 shops and 1 restaurant. Resettlement of about 1200 persons from
Andhera Bella and Plodhran shall be required. Special facilities including about
4km of Kaghan-Naran national highway and about 4km of 11KV power
transmission line shall be inundated.

In preliminary resettlement planning, resettlement points shall be selected to and

living standard not lower than the current one shall be ensured to these persons.
But limited by data, final resettlement plan cannot be settled at this stage.
Relocation and construction of special facilities including their investment shall
be taken into consideration in main parts of the Project.

Based on the investment of 9.25 million dollars in land acquisition, environmental

protection and ecological compensation proposed in the environmental impact
assessment report in Bidding Document for Suki Kinari Hydropower Project, and
considering factors of price rise and investment in construction of fish farms for
additional relief of loss of fish migration, provisional compensation costs for land
requisition and resettlement at this stage shall be 16.15 million dollars.

1.11 Environmental Impact Assessment

Suki Kinari Hydropower Project shall be a post-earthquake recovery project

covering improvement and reconstruction of roads damaged by the earthquake,
which will be good for restoration of production and improvement of local
infrastructures. Meanwhile, construction of the Project will create more job
opportunities to local people and economic development in the project area will
be promoted.

Construction of the Project will bring certain impacts on the terrestrial ecosystem
in Kaghan Valley because inundation by works will result in certain loss of land
resource and waste water, noise, waste and spoil produced during construction
will bring impact on the surrounding environment. As a result, respective
environmental protection measures shall be taken to minimize the scope and
extent of adverse impacts.

Without relevant data on existing investigations in the project area, analysis and

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prediction on some issues are still at the qualitative analysis stage, so the
following recommendations shall be proposed on work at the next stage:

(1) Demonstration of the rationality of downstream ecological basic flow of

0.86m3/s combined with operation of the Project;

(2) Specification on relationship between the location of wildlife reserves and the
project site, and investigation into biomass within such reserves under impact by
the Project in case occupation by the Project is involved;

(2) Investigation into aquatic organisms with protection for fish resources,
especially native species, as well as breeding and stocking of fishes in the
reservoir area and main tributaries;

(3) Organizational coordination with the local government and relevant

authorities to specify labor division and main responsibility in order to ensure
smooth implementation of the Project;

(4) Investigation into suggestions and recommendations on the Project from

residents in the project area to coordinate with relevant local authorities to
perform the resettlement plan and to determine reasonable compensation
standards.

In general, environmental impacts produced by the Project are all controllable,

and with regard to environmental protection, the Project shall be feasible.

On basis of environmental protection investment on 2008 feasibility study report,

and considering factors of price rise, provisional investment in environmental
protection in the Project shall be 16.15 million dollars (including investment in
land requisition and resettlement).

1.12 Budget Estimate

Budget estimate of the Project shall be prepared on basis of design quantities,

construction proposal and relative construction cost documents in budget
estimate discipline provided by individual disciplines, and exchange rate of
6.13:1 for RMB against U.S. dollars published by People’s Bank of China in June
2013 shall be taken.

Total investment of the Project shall be 1.96236 billion dollars (including 1.42
million dollars of working capital), in which the total static investment shall be

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1.45518 billion dollars, the loan interests 308.04 million dollars, overseas loan
insurance be 51.69 million dollars, and financial charges be 146.04 million
dollars. Problems including price index are not included in consideration of the
Project.

1.13 Financial Analysis

Investment in construction of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station shall be 1.45518

billion dollars, which shall be composed of the capital and bank borrowings. the
proportion of debt capital and capital is 75:25. In the debt capital, the EPC
insurance premium and insurance premium of overseas investment are financed
in 85%, and loan interest beyond the debt capital is paid by capital. the term of
loan is taken as 18 years, including 6 years of grace period and 12 years of
repayment years..

According to calculation, in case of on-grid price of 8.8145 cents/ kW·h and

financial internal rate of return of 11.05% for all investment, the repayment period
shall be 18 years, financial internal rate of return for capital shall be 12.83%, total
generating profits shall be 2.11297 billion dollars and the dynamic investment
recovery period shall be 20.7years.

1.14 Main Conclusion

(1) Relatively complete hydrology and sediment data as basis for investigation
into Suki Kinari Hydropower Station

Runoff on Kunhar River where Suki Kinari Hydropower Station shall be located
is mainly formed by melting of snow. The catchment area upstream of the dam
site is 1311 km2, average annual rainfall is 1616mm, annual average flow is
46.9m3/s, and annual average runoff is 1.48 billion m3. Measured daily average
flow data during 1960~2008 are available in Naran Station 13km upstream of the
dam site, and this hydrology series is longer and representative. Therefore,
hydrological data to serve as basis for Suki Kinari Hydropower Station are
relatively complete, and the power output by the station calculated with the
above hydrology series is reliable.

According to calculation with data from nearly 1000 suspended sediment

observations on Kunhar River during 1960~2005 in Naran Station, annual
average suspended sediment discharge at the dam site is 340000 tons, and the

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bed load sediment discharge is 87500 tons, which means a total sediment
discharge of 427500 tons, an equivalent of 0.32 million m3. Total reservoir
capacity below the normal storage level shall be 90.7 billion m3, and the ratio
between the reservoir capacity and sediment discharge shall be 28. Therefore,
the reservoir will be works with serious sediment problems.

(2) Relatively complete preliminary investigation demonstration for Suki Kinari

Hydropower Station lays good foundation for commencement of the
construction.

The idea of construction of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station and investigation into
the station began in the 1960s, and during the past several decades, people
engaged in hydropower from different countries have carried out planning,
survey and research demonstration at different stages. In 2008, a feasibility
study was implemented by Mott MacDonald Company, with a feasibility study
report submitted, and in 2012, further design was implemented by French Coyen
et Bellier Company and bidding design was completed. Therfore, for
construction of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station, relatively complete preliminary
study has been implemented, and there is relatively complete basic data to
serve as basis. Such relatively complete and solid preparation will lay good
foundation for development and construction of the Project.

(3) Suki Kinari Hydropower Station is technically feasible with excellent

development conditions.

The project area of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station is a tourist attraction in

Pakistan, after improvement and reinforcement of pavement in some sections
and river-crossing bridges, such roads and bridges can be used as permanent
access roads during construction and operation of the station. Overall external
traffic is under good conditions.

Rivers in the region where Suki Kinari Hydropower Station is located has greater
longitudinal slope, and a natural great turn exists in the river near the
powerhouse. As a result, the favorable conditions allow the construction of a low
dam as the headworks and shorter headrace tunnel to take advantage of the
great drop height. Therefore, such excellent development conditions will bring
great power generation benefits with small investment.

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With large and heavy rocks in mountains in the project area, conditions
necessary for arrangement of the headrace tunnel are equipped, and the tunnel
can be provided along the river to facilitate arrangement of the construction adit
so that construction period of the tunnel can be guaranteed.

Seismic activities on the project site are active. There is a thick overburden at
the dam site, and the underground powerhouse is provided with good bedrock
conditions. With engineering measures taken, safe operation of the Project can
be guaranteed.

After comprehensive consideration of basic data, preliminary investigation

results and results of this feasibility study serving as basis for development of
Suki Kinari Hydropower Station, the Project with large scale of buildings is
technically feasible due to excellent development conditions and no technical
factor constraining construction of the Project.

(4) Construction of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station is very necessary and

Pakistan Government has very strong desire to build Suki Kinari Hydropower
Station.

According to the Pakistan water and electricity department and prediction of this
time, the maximum load of Pakistan power grid in 2025 will be 46440MW,

By the end of June 2013, the installed capacity of built power station in Pakistan
is 23660MW, there are 15 power station under construction, with a total installed
capacity of 5739MW, the total installed capacity of built and under construction
projects amounts to 29399MW, the installed capacity cannot meet the maximum
load requirements of power grid.

Power shortage in Pakistan is serious, with the development of social economy,

electricity demand will gradually increase, the power shortage problem will
become increasingly serious.

Due to the lack of domestic funds, Pakistan is seeking private power developers
and international funds to meet the needs of power development.

After completion of the project, it will transmit power and energy to Pakistan
power grid, this may alleviate the severe power shortage.

It has a long history of power shortage in Pakistan, power rationing has to done

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in large area of the country. In Islamabad, the daily outage time in summer is
about 12 hours, it is up to 20 hours in most villages and mountain area, which
seriously affect the economic and social development and local people’s lives.

Large-scale power outage occurred early in the morning of January 25, 2015, as
of the afternoon, some areas if Pakistan are still in no electricity, it is one of the
most serious energy crisis in the history of Pakistan, capital Islamabad and large
number of towns and villages were affected by it.

Electricity structure in Pakistan gives first place to household demand,

accounting for about 45%. Due to the extreme shortage of electricity, the power
grid gives priority to residents demand, therefore, it cannot meet the electricity
requirements of industry and service, etc. Power shortage has restricted the
development of Pakistan's economy.

After completion of the project, it will transmit power and energy to Pakistan
power grid, which plays an important role in promoting sustained, rapid and
healthy development of Pakistan's economy and society.

Pakistan is short of oil and gas, but rich in coal resources, wind energy, solar
energy and other renewable energy resources.

In addition to water power, the main power supply in Pakistan is mainly oil and
gas electricity with high power generation cost, which relies highly on oil and gas.
Due to the shortage of oil and gas resources, the need to import and other
reasons, the shortage of fuel supply results in a sharp decline in oil and gas
power supply output and power generation.

Power supply in Pakistan is mainly oil and gas electricity, the problems of high
power generation cost, insufficient output, heavy dependence on energy
seriously affect the power generation efficiency of power plant, it further
exacerbates power shortage in the power grid, the power structure needs to be
optimized. According to Pakistan's energy resources, the future power
expansion will be based on the hydropower, high parameters of coal and nuclear
power, wind power, solar energy and other new energy power to promote green
multiple development of electricity, and reduce the burden of energy supply.

As a renewable clean energy, the construction of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station

can optimize the power structure, ease the burden of energy supply and reduce

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the dependence on nonrenewable resources.

Pakistan is rich in hydropower resources, with capacity of technical development

of 59796MW. At present, there are 39 built and under construction projects with
total capacity of 1591.76MW, accounting only about 14.08% of the development
capacity. The remaining capacity of technological development is nearly 2 times
of the total installed capacity of the power grid, there is great potential for water
resources development.

Construction of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station can speed up the development

of hydropower resources in Pakistan.

The installed capacity of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station is 873.508MW, the

station has daily peak load regulation capacity, it can provide annual electricity of
3081 GW·h. After the project is constructed, it will transmit electric power and
energy to the national power grid, thus easing the severe shortage of power grid
and promoting the economic and social development. Therefore, it is very
necessary and urgent to construct Suki Kinari Hydropower Station as soon as
possible.

(5) Total construction period of the Project is planned to be 72 months, from

August 27, 2014 when construction of main parts of the Project is commenced,
April 28, 2020 when the first unit is put into formal power generation, to August
26, 2020 when all the 4 units are put into power generation and the Project is
completed. Although progress of excavation of the construction adit (the main
access tunnel 4200m long) and geological conditions of the powerhouse will
bring impact on the key route for construction of Suki Kinari Hydropower Station,
i.e., construction of the powerhouse, after thorough consideration of unfavorable
factors, construction of the power station within the planned construction period
can be achieved with scientific arrangement.

(6) Headworks of Suki Kinari Power Project shall be a low dam and a smaller
capacity, and the waterway and powerhouse shall be underground works, whch
will bring limited environmental impacts, small amount of resettlement due to
inundated land in the reservoir area and no sensitive environmetal factor as
constraint on construction of the project. With regard to environmental protection,
construction of the Project is feasible.

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(7) The Project is estimated to require a total investment of 1.96236 billion

dollars (including working capital, but excluding the outgoing line), including
1.31430 billion dollars of EPC costs. In case of on-grid price of 8.8145 cents/
kW·h and a repayment period of 18 years, financial internal rate of return of all
investment shall be 11.05%, total generating profits shall be 2.11297 billion
dollars and the investment recovery period shall be 20.7 years. Therefore, Suki
Kinari Power Station Project is financially feasible due to good financial
indicators and anti-risk capacity to a certain degree.

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Slient Features of Suri Kinari Hydropower Project

Item Parameter
 Hydrology
Control drainage area at
1311km2
dam site
Average flow at dam site 60.9m3/s
Average annual runoff 1.92 billion m3
Desgin flood (P=0.01%) 2030 m3/s
Probable maximum flood
3777m3/s
(PMF)
 Reservoir
Total capacity 9.07×106m3
Regulating capacity 4.6×106m3
Regulation performance Daily regulation
Maximum flood level
2279.6m
(PMF)
Check flood (PMF) 2279.6m
Design flood (P=0.01%) 2275m
Normal high water level
2275m
(HWL)
Normal low water level
2265m
(LWL)
Reservoir surface area
0.58km2
(water level 2275m)
Reservoir length 3.1km
 Sediment
Annual average sediment
0.4275×106t
discharge
Annual average sediment
0.18kg/m3
content
 Dam

Type Composite dam of

asphalt faced rockfill dam

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Item Parameter
and concrete gravity dam
Sand and gravel
Foundation characteristics foundation / sandstone
mixed with shale
Crest elevation 2281.50m
54.5m (above the
Maximum height
riverbed)
Crest length 215.3m
Openings wier crest
2269.50m
elevation
Number and dimensions
6 openings, 4.5×5.5m
(W×H) of openings
Invert level of bottom
2244m
outlet
Number and dimensions
5 openings, 4.5×5.6m
(W×H) of bottom outlet
 Water intake
Type Bank-tower
Invert level 2253.35m
Number and dimension
4 openings, 6×6m
(W×H)
 Sedimentation
basin
Type Underground
Section dimensiosn
12×14 m
(W×H)
Length 2×185m
 Headrace tunnel
Type Circular pressure
Number and section 1, internal diameter
dimensions 6m
Rated discharge 114.6m3/s
Maximum discharge 126.06m3/s

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Item Parameter
Tunnel length 19.5km
 Surge tank
Type Double chamber type
Number 1
Section dimensions of
Internal diameter 20 m
upper chamber
Section dimensions of
Internal diameter 6m
lower chamber
Height 224m
 Pressure shaft, adit
Number and section
2, internal diameter 3 m
dimensions
Length 2×770.85m
 Powerhouse and
switchyard
Type Underground
powerhouse
Dimensions of main
powerhouse cavern 118×27×40m
(L×W×H)
Type of switchyard Ground-type
Voltage level 500kV
Number and section
 Tailrace tunnel 2, 5.15×6m
dimensions
Length 4200m
 Main M&E
equipment
Hydraulic turbine Impact-type unit
Rated head 847.68m
Rated discharge 28.65m3/s
Rated output 221.725MW
Rated efficiency 93.12%

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Item Parameter
Rated speed 375rpm
Rated specific speed 38.61m·kW
Model of turbine CJ430-L-3258/6×235.2
Number of nozzles 6
Number of buckets 22
Bucket pitch circle
3258mm
diameter
Jet diameter 235.2mm
Maximum output (110%
239.882MW
rated flow)
Generator
Maximum capacity 295355 kVA
Rated capacity 272971 kVA
Power factor 0.8
Rated frequency 50 Hz
Rated efficiency 98.49%
Rated speed 375 r/min
Runaway speed 680 r/min
Rated voltage 18 kV
Rated current 8756 A
Insulation class
F/F
(stator/rotor)
Excitation method Static silicon controlled
Moment of inertia ≥4800 t·m2
Cooling method Fully air-cooled
D10-88000/500,
Main transformer (500/√3±4x2.5%)/18kV,
Yn,d11,OFWF,Ud%=16%
 Construction period
Total construction period 72

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Item Parameter
 Economic indicator
Total installed capacity 873.508MW
Annual power generation 3.081 billion kWh
Total investment (static) 1.455 billion dollars

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