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Project 8 Servo Motors

This document provides instructions and code for using servo motors with an Arduino. Servo motors have three wires - one for power, one for ground, and one for signal. They can be precisely positioned by sending PWM signals to the signal wire. The Arduino Servo library makes it easy to control servos with just a few lines of code. It translates desired positions into appropriate signals. The code example shows connecting a servo to pin 9, reading the position of a potentiometer, mapping it to a servo position, and using the .write() method to move the servo arm.

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Darwin Vargas
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46 views4 pages

Project 8 Servo Motors

This document provides instructions and code for using servo motors with an Arduino. Servo motors have three wires - one for power, one for ground, and one for signal. They can be precisely positioned by sending PWM signals to the signal wire. The Arduino Servo library makes it easy to control servos with just a few lines of code. It translates desired positions into appropriate signals. The code example shows connecting a servo to pin 9, reading the position of a potentiometer, mapping it to a servo position, and using the .write() method to move the servo arm.

Uploaded by

Darwin Vargas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROJECT 8 : SERVO MOTORS

The “Simon Says” game uses LEDs to flash a pattern, which the
player must remember and repeat using four buttons. This
simple electronic game has been a classic since the late 1970s.
Page | 1

Grab the following quantities of each part listed to build this circuit:

NEW COMPONENTS

SERVO MOTORS: Regular DC motors have two wires. When you hook the wires up to power, the motor spins
round and around. Servo motors, on the other hand, have three wires: one for power, one
for ground and one for signal. When you send the right signal through the signal wire, the
servo will move to a specific angle and stay there. Common servos rotate over a range of
about 0° to 180°. The signal that is sent is a PWM signal, the same used to control the RGB
LED in Project 1.

Included with your servo motor you will find a variety of motor mounts that connect to the
shaft of your servo. You may choose to attach any mount you wish for this circuit. It will
serve as a visual aid, making it easier to see the servo spin. The mounts will also be used at
the end of this project.

NEW CONCEPTS
DUTY CYCLE: Pulse-Width Modulation (PWM) is a great way to generate servo control signals. The length of
time a PWM signal is on is referred to as the duty cycle. Duty cycle is measured in percentage. Thus, a duty cycle of
50 percent means the signal is on 50 percent of the time. The variation in the duty cycle is what tells the servo which
position to go to in its rotation.
PROJECT 8 : SERVO MOTORS

Page | 2

ARDUINO LIBRARIES: Writing code that sends precise PWM signals to the servo would be time consuming and
would require a lot more knowledge about the servo. Luckily, the Arduino IDE has hundreds of built-in and user-
submitted containers of code called libraries. One of the built-in libraries, the Servo Library, allows us to control a
servo with just a few lines of code! To use one of the built-in Arduino libraries, all you have to do is “include” a link
to its header file. A header file is a smaller code file that contains definitions for all the functions used in that library.
By adding a link to the header file in your code, you are enabling your code to use all of those library functions. To
use the Servo Library, you would add the following line to the top of your sketch.
#include <Servo.h>

OBJECTS AND METHODS: To use the Servo Library, you will have to start by creating a servo object, like this:
Servo myServo;
Objects look a lot like variables, but they can do much more. Objects can store values, and they can have their own
functions, which are called methods. The most used method that a servo object
has is .write():
myServo.write(90);
The write method takes one parameter, a number from 0 to 180, and moves the servo arm to the specified position
(in this case, degree 90). Why would we want to go to the trouble of making an object and a method instead of
just sending a servo control signal directly over a pin? First, the servo object does the work of translating our desired
position into a signal the servo can read. Second,using objects makes it easy for us to add and control more than one
servo.
PROJECT 8 : SERVO MOTORS

HOOKUP GUIDE

Page | 3
PROJECT 8 : SERVO MOTORS

SOURCE CODE:

#include <Servo.h> //include the servo library

int potPosition; //this variable will store the position of the potentiometer Page | 4
int servoPosition; //the servo will move to this position

Servo myservo; //create a servo object

void setup() {

myservo.attach(9); //tell the servo object that its servo is plugged into pin 9

void loop() {

potPosition = analogRead(A0); //use analog read to measure the position of the potentiometer (0-1023)

servoPosition = map(potPosition, 0, 1023, 20, 160); //convert the potentiometer number to a servo position from 20-160
//Note: its best to avoid driving the little SIK servos all the
//way to 0 or 180 degrees it can cause the motor to jitter, which is bad for the servo.

myservo.write(servoPosition); //move the servo to the 10 degree position


}

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