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Improvised Metal Furnace Using Used Oil 2

The document describes designing an improvised metal furnace that uses waste motor oil as fuel. The furnace is intended to be a cost-effective alternative to commercially available furnaces for small metalworking operations. It aims to leverage otherwise wasted oil to both produce products and help the environment by preventing pollution. The research objectives are to design a furnace with similar functionality to commercial options but powered by recycled oil instead of other fuels.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
597 views21 pages

Improvised Metal Furnace Using Used Oil 2

The document describes designing an improvised metal furnace that uses waste motor oil as fuel. The furnace is intended to be a cost-effective alternative to commercially available furnaces for small metalworking operations. It aims to leverage otherwise wasted oil to both produce products and help the environment by preventing pollution. The research objectives are to design a furnace with similar functionality to commercial options but powered by recycled oil instead of other fuels.
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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IMPROVISED METAL FURNACE USING USED OIL

A Research Presented to the Faculty of the College of Trades and Technology

Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology Naga City

In Partial Fulfilment of the

Requirements in Methods of Research

Azurias, Daryll Czarvyn C.

Estonido, Arnel C.

Miranda, Mark Jimpol D.

December 2020
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

The term "used oil" refers to any petroleum-based, cooking oil or synthetic oil

that has been used. Our motorcycles, cars, generator, cooking and a variety of other

machines all work on oil. However, impurities such as gravel, metal scrapings, water,

or chemicals may combine with the oil during regular use, causing the oil to lose its

effectiveness over time. To do the job properly, this used oil must eventually be

replaced with new or re-refined oil.

But first, let us discuss what the use of oil for our daily lives is. Our engine,

generator, deep fry oil and a variety of other equipment all work on oil. However,

after oil has been used, it must be correctly disposed of to avoid contamination of the

environment. To safeguard the atmosphere and conserve natural resources, recycling

used oil is becoming the preferred method of disposal. If you're one of the many

people who switch their own oil, you'll need to know how to properly dispose of the

recycled oil as well.

After all, one million gallons of fresh water — a year's supply for 50 citizens

— may be contaminated by used oil from a single oil shift. Keep the following key

points in mind when working with spent oil: Using motor oil is insoluble, has a long

shelf life, and can contain hazardous chemicals and heavy metals. It takes a long time

to decay, binds to everything from beach sand to bird feathers, and is a significant

cause of oil accumulation in rivers, potentially contaminating drinking water supplies.


Despite its low consumption rate in comparison to its Southeast Asian

neighbours, the Philippines is a net energy importer. Oil, natural gas, and coal are all

produced in the region. A large amount of energy supply comes from geothermal,

hydropower, and other renewable sources. In 2019, the Philippines consumed nearly

1.9 quadrillion British thermal units of primary oil (Btu). Petroleum and other liquids

accounted for 45 percent of gross primary energy use, followed by coal (36 percent),

natural gas (7 percent), non-hydropower renewables (7 percent), and hydroelectricity

(7 percent).

Used oils from vehicles cooking, motorcycles, and, such as engine lubrication

oil, hydraulic fluids, and gear oils, can pollute the atmosphere if they are not recycled

or disposed of properly. To avoid contaminating the atmosphere, used oil must be

adequately handled by municipal waste disposal agencies or car repair shops. It filters

that have been used face a related waste issue. They can be easily recycled or

disposed of if fully drained.

In iron and steel manufacturing, a furnace is a process that heats and melts

metal ore to dissolve gangue. The heat energy used to power a furnace may come

from a number of sources, including direct combustion, electricity (such as an electric

arc furnace), or induction heating in induction furnaces. In metallurgy, various types

of furnaces are used to work with different metals and ores.

After seeing an old post on the internet about a homemade heating stove that

burned waste motor oil, we became intrigued. We consider recycling, course material,

and cost-cutting. So, if I could create a metal furnace that ran on free fuel, which

would be fantastic.
Leverage

According to our research, used oil is a loss if you don't know how you're

doing. Engine lubrication oil, cooking oil, hydraulic fluids, and gear oils used in

automobiles and motorcycles will pollute the atmosphere if they are not properly

disposed of. Local waste collection authorities or car repair shops must recycle or

properly dispose of used gasoline. Oil filters that have been used face a related waste

issue. They can be easily recycled or disposed of if fully drained.

The below are only a few of the many reasons to reuse and recycle used oil:

Using oil is recycled to avoid polluting soil and water. Motor oil does not rust out; it

just becomes dusty, so recycling it helps to save a vital resource. A gallon of re-

refined base stock needs less energy than a gallon of crude oil base stock. One gallon

of spent fuel oil yields 2.5 quarts of lubricating oil, which is equal to 42 gallons of

crude oil.

Oil mining and drilling have the ability to destroy ecosystems on land and in

the sea. New developments have significantly decreased the number and scale of

"footprints," or areas disturbed by drilling. 2 Oil deposits can be found with fewer

wells due to satellites, global positioning systems, remote sensing equipment, and 3-D

and 4-D seismic technology. A single well will now extract oil from a much larger

field thanks to the use of horizontal and directional drilling.

Because of the advent of movable drilling rigs and smaller "slimhole" drilling

rigs, today's production footprints are often smaller than 30 years ago. Unless a well's

oil becomes uneconomic to make, it must be plugged below ground, making it


difficult to know it was ever there. Old offshore rigs are turned over and left on the

sea floor as part of the "rigs-to-reefs" scheme, which turns them into artificial reefs

that lure fish and other aquatic life. Barnacles, fish, sponges, clams, and other marine

animals surround a toppled rig within six months to a year after it has been toppled. In

this way, we can leverage waste oil.

Objectives

We sought to build a fuel-free metalworking furnace that can be used for

manufacturing waste products. This enables us to employ waste heat to both make

new products and preserve the environment. The study further demonstrated that the

waste energy market is a good one for the market as well as for us. For now, this is

our objectives:

 We need to design a machine with the same characteristics as furnaces that

people can buy on the market.

 The idea of developing a machine that could sustain the “eco-friendly

design”
Scope and Delimitation

Improvised Metal Furnace using used oil is conducted to make energy

free, recycling, etc. We will create an improvised furnace exactly as a normal

metallurgy furnace you can see. In our discussion we are talking exactly about

the aforementioned function of the furnace. In North America and most of

Europe, natural gas is the most common fuel source for modern furnaces;

other common fuel sources include LPG (liquefied petroleum gas), fuel oil,

biomass, and, in extreme situations, coal. Electrical resistance heating is used

in some other country, particularly where electricity is cheap or the primary

purpose is air conditioning. A traditional gas furnace is around 80% effective,

whereas modern high-efficiency furnaces can be up to 98 percent efficient and

run without a chimney.

But the research we proposed, are using waste used oil and blower.

Just like the normal furnace will do but budget-wised fuel because of the

wasted oil we used. Creating our product prototype, comes with the furnace,

compressor, used oil, and electricity.

The heating process starts with pouring kerosene on the furnace, letting

the blower turn on, until it reaches the peak color or right temperature, then

turning the valve open with used oil for the fuel, which will do it for the

research we make. Our product benefits people not only in terms of the fuel or

energy they use, but also in terms of the quality of the product. Foresee the

research that will be an eco-friendly product that will help us in the near

future.
Hypothesis

Research will be conducted on the following as part of our proposed

research:

 Optimizing the efficiency of the machine over the metallurgy

furnace you will usually purchase on the market.

 Products are designed to last longer and withstand harsher

conditions.

 We would like to know how our proposed research can be a

much easier and faster way to do things than the on market

furnace we can buy.

Definition and Terms

In this study, the following terms have been defined on the basis of

both their theoretical and functional definitions:

Petroleum-based oil - describes a broad range of natural hydrocarbon-

based substances and refined petroleum products, each having a different

chemical composition.

Synthetic oil - is a lubricant consisting of chemical compounds that

are artificially made. Synthetic lubricants can be manufactured using

chemically modified petroleum components rather than whole crude oil, but
can also be synthesized from other raw materials. The base material, however,

is still overwhelmingly crude oil that is distilled and then modified physically

and chemically. The actual synthesis process and composition of additives is

generally a commercial trade secret and will vary among producers.

Lubrication - is the control of friction and wear by the introduction of

a friction-reducing film between moving surfaces in contact. The lubricant

used can be a fluid, solid, or plastic substance. Although this is a valid

definition, it fails to realize all that lubrication actually achieves.

Hydraulic Fluid or Hydraulic Liquid - is the medium by which

power is transferred in hydraulic machinery. Common hydraulic fluids are

based on mineral oil or water.

Gangue - is the commercially worthless material that surrounds, or is

closely mixed with, a wanted mineral in an ore deposit. It is thus distinct from

overburden, which is the waste rock or materials overlying an ore or mineral

body that are displaced during mining without being processed, and from

tailings, which is rock already stripped of valuable minerals.

Metallurgical furnace (furnace) - is a device used to heat and melt

metal ore to remove gangue, primarily in iron and steel production. The heat

energy to fuel a furnace may be supplied directly by fuel combustion, by

electricity such as the electric arc furnace, or through induction heating in

induction furnaces. There are several different types of furnaces used in

metallurgy to work with specific metal and ores.


Crude oil - is a naturally occurring, unrefined petroleum product

composed of hydrocarbon deposits and other organic materials. A type of

fossil fuel, crude oil can be refined to produce usable products such as

gasoline, diesel, and various other forms of petrochemicals.

Slim-Hole Drilling - is a drilling technique which is used to develop a

slim hole well. A Slim hole well is a type of gas or oil well whose borehole

size is significantly smaller than the usual borehole size. It is generally less

than 6 inches in diameter and 4 ¾ inches or less deep. It is drilled by E&P

organizations. A slim hole well sets a perfect correlation between the well cost

and the volume of rock drilled out. It goes with a notation that the cost of

developing a gas or an oil well will reduce when less rock is extracted.

Carbon Footprint - is the total amount of greenhouse gases (including

carbon dioxide and methane) that are generated by our actions.


References

http://www.pacodeandbulletin. https://www.google.com/url?
gov/Display/pacode? sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&sourc
file=/secure/pacode/data/025/ch e=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8
apter298/subchapGtoc.html&d &ved=2ahUKEwjN5tK1kNHv
=reduce AhUUKaYKHfLHA4oQFjAA
egQIAhAD&url=https%3A
https://www.epa.gov/emergenc
%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov
y-response/petroleum-oils
%2Frecycle%2Fmanaging-

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S reusing-and-recycling-used-

ynthetic_oil oil&usg=AOvVaw21ULN6qjY
KqJTb0Vy04t7d
https://www.google.com/url?
sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&sourc https://archive.epa.gov/wastes/c

e=web&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8 onserve/materials/usedoil/web/

&ved=2ahUKEwj7xqqsj9HvA html/oil.html

hUVL6YKHffQA7MQFjACeg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W
QIAhAD&url=http%3A%2F
aste_oil
%2Fwww.zendergroup.org
%2Fdocs https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M
%2Foil_burners_print.pdf&usg etallurgical_furnace
=AOvVaw2iW0532R8J8-
NjD2JGRJjc

https://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/
crude-oil.asp

https://www.petropedia.com/de us/get-involved/how-to-
finition/9221/slim-hole-drilling help/carbon-footprint-
https://www.nature.org/en- calculator/
CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

INTRODUCTION

This study will explore on how waste used oil can be used as fuel for melting

metals using improvised furnace. The main objective of this chapter is to analyse and

review past studies on how used oil is being used.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This study will be discussing the existence of lubricating oil waste which is

produced from industrial machinery and motor vehicle in huge volume. This will

demonstrate the use of lubricating oil waste as an alternative fuel for metal melting. In

fact, oil waste as a fuel can reduce the consumption of biodiesel fuel. In this study, we

also make a burner that will be used in melting. The design of the burner is easily

constructed and also inexpensive. There will be some advantages that this research

has. Atomizing process can be produced from mixing of oil wasted fuel and the air

pressure, which is flown constantly by the blower into the burner to obtain a stable

flame for metal melting; Waste oil fuel has a high calorific value, so that it can be

used as an alternative fuel for metal melting; Used oil is exactly what its name

implies: any petroleum-based or synthetic oil that has been used. Oil keeps our cars,

lawnmowers, and many other machines running smoothly. However, during normal

use, impurities such as dirt, metal scrapings, water, or chemicals, can get mixed in

with the oil, so that in time, the oil can no longer perform well. Some of the many

reasons to reuse and recycle used oil are it keeps from polluting soil and water. Motor
oil does not wear out—it just gets dirty—so recycling it saves a valuable resource.

And less energy is required to produce a gallon of re-refined base stock than a base

stock from crude oil. Used oil can be re-refined into lubricants, processed into fuel

oils, and used as raw materials for the refining and petrochemical industries.

Additionally, used oil filters contain reusable scrap metal, which steel producers can

reuse as scrap feed.

`  A lot of people are against waste oil as a fuel and assume it always burns with

a smoky, dirty flame. This is only true if your burner design is not accurate. In 2003,

researcher took upon himself to begin perfecting homemade waste oil combustion

technology. He was just one of the researchers that made proof of how used oil was

very important to recycle. He was convinced that for anyone wanting to melt large

batches of any metal at one time or melt iron, except for iron in a cupola, oil is by far

the most economical fuel. Waste oil burners could become the majority in hobby

foundries in the future. The burners are dedicated to become more compact while the

ease of use and efficiency continues to increase. And the fuel is also free.

RELATED STUDIES

Before, the modern history of the oil and gas industry begins, energy has been

a way of living standards. To survive in the agrarian era, people burned wood for

warmth and cooking. In addition to use as a building material, wood remained the

chief global fuel for centuries. The invention of the first modern steam engine, at the

beginning of the 18th century, heralded the transformation from an agrarian to an

industrial economy.

Steam engines could be powered by either wood or coal. According to

research, coal quickly became the preferred fuel and it enabled massive growth in the
scale of industrialization. A half-ton of coal produced four times as much energy as

the same amount of wood and was cheaper to produce and, despite its bulk, easier to

distribute. Coal-fired steam locomotives dramatically reduced the time and cost of

inland transportation, while steamships traversed oceans. Machines powered by coal

enabled breakthroughs in productivity while reducing physical toil. With the dawn of

the 20th century, environmental concerns and new technologies led another energy

source shift from coal to oil.

In this study, we used a burner for burning oil waste. The burner was the used

for the melting process. Metals can also be re-melted for some other purposes. The

designing burner used the oil waste and converted this waste into a gas phase that

serves as the fuel. This type of burner used heating from the fire to vaporize and fuel

continuously. The way burner work is by heating the fuel that is flowed to the burner.

The fuel vapour that is formed then is sprayed by the blower together with waste oil

so that is blended in the air and burned to form the flame to melt the metal.

In daily life it is widely used for engine lubricants so that it will reduce

petroleum reserves which will be exhausted in the next 40-50 years. The results of the

use of engine lubricants will produce oil wastes, which is one of the problems that

needs to be solved by reducing or recycling oil waste. The development of oil waste

continuously increasing the number of motorized vehicle, but the use of lubricating

oil was not properly managed and it is thrown and disposes directly to the

environment and this will only cause pollution.

Reusing waste oil is the best alternative way for overcoming this problem. The

oil can be used as an alternative fuel and can substitute kerosene or diesel fuel or

anything that can be used as fuel for the burner. The characteristics of oil waste still
have a calorific value so that they can be pumped easily into fuel wasted and

appropriate for metal melting.

The results of the study support the use of waste oil such as waste oil provides

atomizing treatment so it is easy to burn. Furthermore, the wet impregnation method

can also use as desulfurization of lubricating oil wasted becomes fuel. The results of

other studies also proved that industrial vapor made from wood-based diesel fuel

using Philippine Calatrava blend with coal-diesel oil (CDOM) is used as an

alternative fuel. This is strengthened by the results of the study that economical

biodiesel fuel from castor oil using impregnated shellfish catalysts gives extraordinary

results and it can be used again and considered for fuel synthesis (Nurdin et al. 2015;

Zaim and Mansouri, 2015).

Based on the rationalization, this study focused on making burners with simple

construction, which can be easily moved, and the manufacturing costs are relatively

low. Burners are simply designed, but they have great work effectiveness so that

lubricants oil waste can be used to replace biodiesel or LPG fuel. The bumper is

expected to be used as a reference tool for small-scale industries to reduce fuel, so it

can reduce the cost of metal smelting production. It can also be made at home so that

people will no longer buy some expensive burners for melting their metals.

CHAPTER III
METHODS and MATERIALS

We are currently conducting a research project to prove to the public that

leftover used oil being used to create fuel can be saved and recycled. For the material

of our improvised metal furnace we make use of easy to find materials on the market

or even reclaimed material of your home. For the used oil, we can use any type of use

oil either from cooking oil, synthetic oil or any types of waste used oil.

We explored using a closed-loop system to locate materials that cannot be

transported by blowers, and improvised oil. Our research is tailored to the machine

shop that requires melting or liquefying metals. There is no problem in purchasing

used oil at your local gas station, since a quarter gallon of used oil is very reasonably

priced. The apparatus includes: a used or empty metal gas tank to store the used oil,

an empty gas tank for the metal furnace, metal pipes, valves, plastic tubes, cement,

and a blower.

In principle, there are three main components: the furnace, the energy source,

and the blower. The first step is igniting the furnace using a gas flame. Once this is

made, opening up the valve for the energy source which is the used oil, and letting it

burn for a few seconds before opening the blower for cover of fire to sustain the fire

pressure.. Then you can begin melting or liquefying metal.


Process

Opening up the valve for


the energy source

Igniting the furnace using a gas.


Opening the
airblower for
cover of fire to
sustain the fire
pressure.
Material, Bill Composition, Materials Function

Waste used oil Source of ignition Price


Blower Providing air to sustain and
increase the heat of the 3500
furnace
empty gas tank for the Will be the base of the
900
metal furnace furnace
metal pipes The air from the blower
was going through this 650
metal tubing.
Valves The controller of the oil
300
from its point
plastic tubes This where be the place of
100
oil
Madrigal sand Will be the moulder of the
150
furnace

Research and Development

This makeshift device is the subject of Research and development, which aims

to solve some issues and make the job easier. The above diagram illustrates the

method of constructing an improvised metal furnace out of waste used gasoline. It can

be used to imagine how this method works and as a replacement for improvising. The

aim of this app is to assist you in resolving a few job related issues quickly. Other

studies have shown that an industrial vapour made from wood based diesel fuel a

Philippine calatrava blend with coal diesel oil (CDOM) can be used as a substitute

fuel.
We put some system to make this tool eco-friendly by melting the metal that

was made with waste oil. When a metal is burned, smoke is formed, rendering the

machine unsuitable boy machine that’s why we think an outcome like filtering the

smoke and how to put on to this tool. We attempted to add a stove to the top of the

furnace in order to increase its value. We simply reasoned that instead of using a

compressor, a blower driven by a car battery might be used. Because that improvise

tool are less power consumption and can make the require heat to melt a metal.

We use readily available materials on the market or even recycled materials

from our own home to build it. If it is possible we thinking than maybe solar can help

to supply energy and be a resourceful device to our application. We were under the

impression that the source of energy was neither alternating current nor direct current.

To become more electronic-friendly and reduce the cost of using an AC power source.

From that we think more ideas to ads on and make some new things but our source is

only limited. That is why we look for things that fit our available provenance.

We find more stuff to improvise with and can afford to create with our budget.

This furnace using waste used oil, is built to make improvise from a craps material

and provide the output we need. We put some device to this application to make it

more productive and give it or create it a unique design to sell it on the market. By

make this project productive we finding some material Burners with basic structure,

easy mobility, and low production costs were the target. It conserves a precious

resource by recycling it. A gallon of re-refined base stock uses less energy than a

gallon of crude oil-based base stock. Improving the machine’s efficiency over the

typical metallurgy furnace available on the market. Products are built to last longer

and withstand more abrasive environments. We’d like to know how our proposed

research is going to be a lot easier and faster than buying a furnace off the shelf.
Improving the machine's efficiency over the typical metallurgy furnace

available on the market. Products are built to last longer and withstand more abrasive

environments. We'd like to know how our proposed research is going to be a lot easier

and faster than buying a furnace off the shelf. The progression of this project from its

theoretical foundations to its practical implementation has made a significant

contribution to the advancement of this technology and the expansion of spare parts

availability.

The Improvise metal furnace using waste used oil is designed for Render

energy-free, recycle, and so on. We'll make an improvised furnace that looks just like

a standard metallurgy furnace. We're talking about the furnace's aforementioned role

in this discussion. Without the hassle of using waste oil powered by a car battery that

is funded by a solar panel rather than an AC source. We want to demonstrate that this

would reduce energy consumption and provide certain consumers with an idea.

Realizing that this product, while being an improvise tool, is designed to

make the work normal. The designing burner took waste oil and turned it into a gas

process that can be used as heat. The heat from the fire was used to continually

vaporize and ignite this kind of burner. The reason a burner works is that it heats the

fuel that is fed into it. Used oil is any petroleum-based or synthetic oil that has been

used; surplus oil fuel has a high calorific value and can be used as a substitute fuel for

metal melting.

Oil is used in our engines, lawnmowers, and a host of other devices. During

daily use, however, impurities such as gravel, metal scrapings, water, or chemicals

can combine with the oil, causing the oil to lose its ability to operate effectively over

time. Oil can be used as a raw material in the mining and petrochemical industries, as
well as distilled into lubricants and refined into fuel oils. Oil filters can also include

recycled metal that steel producers may use as scrap.

Reference

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318942296_LIQUID_STEEL_LEVEL

_MEASUREMENT_AT_ELECTRIC_ARC_FURNACES_WITHOUT_INCRE

ASING_THE_POWER_OFF_TIME

https://www.jove.com/t/55062/two-way-valorization-blast-furnace-slag-synthesis-

precipitated

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326294364_ENHANCED_HEATING_

MECHANISM_OF_THE_ELECTRIC_METAL_MELTING_FURNACE_IN_T

RADITIONAL_FOUNDRY

https://oxford.universitypressscholarship.com/view/10.1093/oso/9780190676087.0

01.0001/oso-9780190676087-chapter-11

https://www.youtube.com/watch?app=desktop&v=yURT-ZC_olE

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