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Depth Control For Perforating

The document discusses techniques for controlling depth when perforating cased wells. It describes using gamma ray logs to locate casing collars and radioactive markers to correlate open and cased hole logs. It also discusses using a gun-gamma ray tool to allow depth control and perforating in one trip.

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Dya Ali
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291 views3 pages

Depth Control For Perforating

The document discusses techniques for controlling depth when perforating cased wells. It describes using gamma ray logs to locate casing collars and radioactive markers to correlate open and cased hole logs. It also discusses using a gun-gamma ray tool to allow depth control and perforating in one trip.

Uploaded by

Dya Ali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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WIRELINE DEPTH CONTROL

Depth control for perforating is almost universally obtained through


radioactivity instruments run in the cased hole in conjunction with the
Casing Collar Locator (CCL). The Gamma Ray Log is generally used
(Figure B28) though, in some cases, the Neutron Log or both Gamma
Ray and Neutron are run. Accurate correlation of radioactivity logs
with open hole logs establishes the position of casing collars with
respect to the formation to be perforated. A short sub in the casing
string is highly desirable to eliminate ambiguities with CCL
identification, particularly when all joints of casing are about the
same length. If the depth control log is made on a separate trip in the
well, the proper shooting depth is determined on the perforating run
by recording a second collar log with the collar locator attached to
the perforator.
2.6.1.1. Gun-Gamma Ray Tool
If the combination Gun-Gamma Ray Tool is used, the entire
equipment for depth control and perforating is run on a single trip in
the well. The Gun-Gamma Ray Tool includes a rugged, shock proof
gamma ray detector. A casing collar locator and a perforating gun
can all run together. This offers greater assurance of accuracy and
considerable saving of rig time. Depth control should always be used
to accurately position TCP guns. A reference radioactive collar is run
in the work string and its distance from the top shot is measured.
Once on bottom, a through-tubing GR/CCL log is run and compared to
open hole logs to establish how guns should be moved for exact
positioning opposite the target formation. A variation of this
procedure has been used from floating vessels in sand control
completions. A sump packer is positioned and set with a wireline and
becomes the locating device. The TCP gun string then is run with a
locator and collet assembly on bottom. The distance from bottom
gun shot to the collet latch is selected to place guns on depth. A
radioactive collar should still be run to allow adjustment by logging in
case of pipe tally discrepancies or slippage of the sump packer
downhole.
2.6.2.2. Precision Identified Perforations
P.I.P. tags are used to provide a record of the position of perforations
with respect to casing collars and/or formation boundaries. Special
shaped charges fired at top and bottom of the perforated section
leave traces of radioactive material within the perforations. The top
and bottom perforations are then identified by sharp peaks on a
Gamma Ray curve after perforating. Small size, low activity and short
half-life of radioactive material used in the special charges prevent
significant contamination of produced fluid. When run with Gun-
Gamma Ray tool and Hollow Carrier perforators, no additional rig
time is required other than that needed to log through the perforated
interval.

2.6.2.  TCP DEPTH CONTROL


Four main techniques are used to ensure that the guns are at the
correct perforating depth:
- Running a through-tubing gamma ray collar locator to locate a
reference point in the string and tie into openhole logs.
- Setting the packer on wireline at a known depth, and stinging
through the guns and completion string.
- Setting the packer and guns on wireline at a known depth, and
stabbing the completion string in the packer.
- Tagging a fixed and accurate reference point such as a bridge plug.
The first method is the most accurate. It relies on a radioactive
marker sub in the string, and the distance from the radioactive
marker sub to the top shot being precisely measured at surface. The
string is run in the hole to approximately the correct depth and a short
section of GRCCL (Gamma Ray-Casing Collar Locator) log is run over
the zone where the sub is located. The gamma ray log indicates the
position of the sub (a short radioactive peak anomaly) relative to the
formation gamma ray as shown in Figure B30. As the distance from
the sub to the top shot is known, the position of the guns can be
calculated, and corrected if necessary by spacing out the string at
surface. After the packer is set, the gamma ray may be rerun to
ensure that the guns are at the correct depth. Fig. B30: TCP Depth
Control Log.

As the cased hole gamma ray log can be considerably attenuated, a


low logging speed will achieve better correlation results between the
cased hole and the open hole gamma ray logs. If the formation
gamma ray curve does not show much activity, a radioactive pip tag
may be placed
As the cased hole gamma ray log can be considerably attenuated, a
low logging speed will achieve better correlation results between the
cased hole and the open hole gamma ray logs. If the formation
gamma ray curve does not show much activity, a radioactive pip tag
may be placed in or below one casing joint. (Placement of the pip tag
must be included in the casing setting program.) Alternatively, a TDT
or a neutron log can be run in place of the gamma ray log.

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