11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Philippine Politics
and Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 11:
The Judiciary
Subject Name – Philippine Politics and Governance-Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 11: The Judiciary
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Ray C. Requiña
Editors: Joevan W. Alcala
Reviewers: Name
Illustrator: Name
Layout Artist: Henry T. Dayot
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
. Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D Elmar L. Cabrera.
Carmelita A. Alcala, Ed.D.

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
 11

Philippine
Politics and
Governance
Quarter 2 – Module 11:
The Judiciary
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance-Grade 11 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on The Judiciary

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the
teacher or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore,
this also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the
module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Philippine Politics and Governance-Grade 11 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on The Judiciary

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and
time. You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource
while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.
This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning

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 competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any
part of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the
exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind
that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Analyze the roles and responsibilities of the Philippine Judiciary

THE JUDICIARY

This material uncovers the meaning of judiciary and its roles and functions. It
centers on cases and issues that are attributed to the responsible and concerned
personalities which are tasked to meditate conflicts between the other branches of
the government.

This is relevant to the learners because it provides them with insights and
realizations about the concept of justice as well as fairness which can help to
achieve a harmonious and peaceful society. It also enables them to have an idea as
to how judicial process works simply, by following the organizational structure of the
Judiciary Branch of the Philippines and their particular function.

Through this module, learners will learn about justice and fairness particularly
in our Philippine context.

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

*Identify the primary functions of the Philippine Judiciary

*Write a short essay depicting the value of justice system in everyday living

*Recognize the importance of the judicial branch in instilling good virtues of a

law abiding citizen.

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 What I Know

Activity 1: Mix and Match!

*On a piece of paper is jumbled letters that need to be formed and on the
other side is the description of the word. Correspond the formed word with its
description.

The scrambled letters

*JTUEISC

*IAFR

*CAIIUJLD

*RUCTO

*REPWO

Description:

*A place where legal cases are heard

*Responsible for dealing with all legal cases involving the government

*The quality of being impartial

*The ability or right to control people or things

*Agreeing with what is thought to be right or acceptable

*Did you able to form immediately the words?

*What are the techniques you used?

*Can you cite commonalities on the different words that came out?

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 What’s In

What will happen if laws do not exist in our society?

Would you like to live in a lawless society? Why or Why not?

What’s New

Read the following scenario and try to analyze it by answering the process
questions.
Roy Requino, a grade 11 student of Hustisya National High School, was
constantly being bullied by his classmates. Because of this, he experienced suicidal
thoughts and almost decided to drop out of school. But one day, he and his parents
became aware of the “Anti-Bullying” policy imposed in every school. So, they
decided to take action and refer the matter to the Principal. Immediately, the
students who bullied him were held responsible and were given sanctions based on
the aforementioned policy. Because of this, Roy’s safety and welfare was protected
and his right was also exercised.
Process questions:
1. Is the Anti-bullying policy important to Roy who represents students who are
constantly bullied in school? Why? Why not?
2. On a larger scale, how can we protect ourselves not only to the acts of bullying but
also to crime, violence deception and other unlawful acts?

3. Is there a system which can pave the way for the protection of its citizens through
the exercise of law and order?
Read more in order to answer your queries.

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 What is It

A. The Philippine Judiciary

• Meaning of Judicial Power

The power to decide on legal disputes is known as judicial power. Article VIII,
section 1 of the 1987 constitution provides that “judicial power shall be vested in one
supreme court and in such other courts as may be established by law.” As provided
in the same section. It includes the duty of the courts of justice to settle actual
controversies involving rights which are legally demandable and enforceable, and to
determine whether or not there has been grave abuse of discretion amounting to
lack of excess of jurisdiction on the part of the branch or instrumentality of the
Government, Hence, the central function of the judges is to adjudicate and interpret
the law.

The Judicial branch is one of the 3 independent, coequal, and coordinate

branches of the government. The independence of the Philippine judiciary is
manifested in the following.

• Creation of the judicial Bar Council

• Expanded power of judicial review
• Fiscal autonomy of the judiciary
• Power to review proclamation of martial law and suspension of the
writ habeas corpus
• Security of tenure of the judges
• The Supreme Court as judge in presidential elections
Scope of Judicial Power

• Adjudicating Power – the power to settle legal disputes

• Power of Judicial Review – Refers the power of supreme court to

interpret and make judgments with respect to the law

• Incidental Powers – Powers necessary for the discharge of judicial functions

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Questions:

*How are disputes settled in your school or family?

*How important is the presence of a body that addresses this concern at

bigger scope?

B. Organizational Structures of the Judiciary Branch of the

Philippine and their particular function.

• Supreme Court – the highest court or also known as the court of last resort
composing of a chief justice and 14 associate justices

• Court of Appeals – the second highest judicial court and primarily

exercises appellate jurisdiction over the decisions of the regional trial courts. It
also reviews cases involving the Ombudsman and the department of justice
as well as the decisions of government agencies exercising quasi- judicial
functions including the office of the President it consists of 1 presiding justice
and 69 associate justices who are then grouped in 23.

• Regional Trial Court

• Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Courts,
and Municipal Trial Court in Cities.

Special Courts

• “Shan’ a Court

• Court of Tax Appeals

• Sandiganbayan

The expanded judicial system in the Philippines also includes quasi – court or
quasi – judicial agencies bodies or agencies that exercise adjudicatory power in
certain types of controversies like (Civil Service Commission, Commission on
Election and Commission on Audit.

The Judiciary settles disputes and has the power to mediate conflicts between
the order branches of the government. It is very important that this branch be
protected and maintained because it brings justice and fairness.

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 What’s More

ACTIVITY

Activity 2: Think and Tell

Do you know the following Filipino personalities? Joseph E. Estrada,

Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Senator Leila De Lima and Chief Justice Maria
Lourdes Sereno

https://www.google.com/search?q=erap+estrada&tbm=isch&chips=q:e
https://www.google.com/search?q=gloria+macapagal+arroyo https://www.google.com/search?q=chief+justice+maria+lourd
rap+estrada,g_1:vice+president:tEEO_6d1uXI%3D&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2 https://www.google.com/search?q=leila+de+lima&tbm=isch&ved=2a
&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjC887gg4rtAhXLAqYKHZdjBlgQ2- es+sereno&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiplfa3hYrtAhVQApQKHVh
ahUKEwjT377eg4rtAhWyJqYKHTKEBzAQ4lYoAXoECAEQFw&biw=1349& cCegQIABAA&oq=glori&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgcIABCxAxB hUKEwjH6rbuhIrtAhWSBaYKHemVDUEQ2- xDr8Q2-
bih=657#imgrc=2a2LVzpV6P2BUM DMgQIABBDMgIIADIFCAAQsQMyBQgAELEDMgUIABCxAzIFCAA cCegQIABAA&oq=lei&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgAMgQIABBDMgUIABCxA cCegQIABAA&oq=maria+lourdes+sere&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARg
QsQMyAggAMgIIADICCABQ_c4RWOrxEWDihBJoAHAAeACAAe zIFCAAQsQMyBQgAELEDMgIIADIFCAAQsQMyAggAMgIIADICCAAyAgg BMgIIADIGCAAQBRAeMgYIABAFEB4yBAgAEBgyBAgAEBgyBAgA
gCiAHiFZIBCDAuMTEuNC4xmAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWe AOgcIABCxAxBDUKz- EBgyBAgAEBgyBAgAEBgyBAgAEBgyBAgAEBg6BAgAEEM6BQgA
wAQDAAQE&sclient=img&ei=Xf6zX4LRNMuFmAWXx5nABQ&b CFjmlwlgqKsJaABwAHgEgAGtBYgBvRqSAQkwLjIuMi41LTSYAQCgAQGq ELEDOgYIABAIEB46BAgAEB5Q-
ih=657&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=_etVJ6CZ_k_3GM AQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ7ABAMABAQ&sclient=img&ei=h_- Z0JWIWFCmCepgpoAHAAeAOAAZ4NiAGfgAGSAREwLjMuMS4
zX4eLEJKLmAXpq7aIBA&bih=657&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=aoI4ovQG wLjQuNC4zLjYuMZgBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nsAEAwAEB
rsoJ7M &sclient=img&ei=IQC0X-

Question: mAGNCE0ATY4rn4Cw&bih=657&biw=1349&hl=en#imgrc=t47
WqrZkg2pVKM

What are the issues or cases that are attributed to the personalities in the
pictures shown?

▪ Estrada, popularly known as Erap was ousted from the office in 2001
during a popular uprising in Metro Manila after an aborted impeachment
trial in which he was charged with plunder and perjury. Soon after his
ouster, the same charges were field against him in the sandigangbayan.
▪ Gloria Macapagal Arroyo had been arrested on plunder charges or graft and
corruption count.
▪ Senator Leila De Lima’s case was her involvement in illegal drug trafficking.
▪ Chief Justice Manila Lourdes Serenono was impeached because of failure
of disclosing her statement of assets and liabilities and Net Worth(SALN),
corruption, being arrogated unto herself, deliberately and maliciously abusing
her post as Chief Justice and ex-officio chairperson of the Judicial and Bar
Council (JBC).

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 What I Have Learned

Write a short paragraph consisting of 5 sentences expressing your insights

and reflections about the topic.

What I Can Do

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF CONCEPTS AND SKILLS IN DAILY LIVING

Essay Question:
As a SHS Student how can you show that you value justice in your day to day life?
Cite at least 2-3 examples.

Rubrics :

Content – 7 points

Organizational of ideas – 5

Grammar – 3

Assessment

Pen and Paper Test:

True or False: Write T if the statement is true and F it the statement is false.

-----1. The Supreme court determines the qualifications to become a judge of a lower
court.

-----2. Non lawyers may become part of the judiciary.

-----3. The Judicial Bar Council provides the set of nominees for

appointment in the Supreme Court.

-----4. Regional Trial Courts (RTCs) are categorized into 13 judicial

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 regions from Luzon to Mindanao.

-----5. Adjudicating Power refers to the power that settles legal disputes.

-----6. The Court of Appeals is the highest court in the country.

-----7.Judicial Power is a power that decides on legal disputes.

-----8. Quasi-courts or quasi-judicial agencies are bodies or agencies

that exercise adjudicatory power in certain types of controversies.

-----9. Incidental Powers are necessary for the discharge of judicial functions.

-----10. Sandiganbayan is a specialized court that hears cases

involving violations committed by public officials, excluding the

President, Vice President, Supreme Court Justices, and the

Ombudsman.

Additional Activities

Imagine that you are voted as the Sgt. at Arms in your class officers. This
particular position is often neglected and overlooked by many students. In order to
successfully carry out the roles and functions, how would you improve the role of
Sgt. at Arms by applying the concept of Judiciary system in the Philippines?

Create a proposed set of classroom rules which enables peace and order
among the students in the classroom by applying the concepts and principles of the
Philippine Judiciary System.

Rubric: Content 10pts. Organization 10pts. Language: 5pts Total 25pts.

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 Answer Key

Assessment:

1. T

2. T

3. T

4. T

5. T

6. F

7.T

8. T

9. T

10. T

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References
Dr. Rhene C. Tabajen and Dr. Erlinda B. Pulma. (2016). Philippine Politics and
Governance. Philippines: JFS Publishing Services, pp.38-39.

https://www.merriam-webster.com/

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net