SIEMENS

2CWN002896 2CWN002896
Responsible department: Take over department: Revision: Doc.-type: File no.:

ST G WN TUB 051-05-010
Prepared: Checked: Released: Language: Page:

07-06-27 Absenger Anton 08- s. PDMSystem 08- s. PDMSystem en 1/7

Valid for: location: Derived from: Replaces: Classify no.: Datei:

PG I Nbg. / Essen

Factory Standard For internal use only translated: 00-02-29

SYSTEC GmbH
Up-to-date version at SAP; PDM or LN-database

Blowing Out Steam Piping

Contents
1. General ............................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Danger of Accidents/Noise Prevention ................................................................................ 1
2. Blowing Circulations ............................................................................................................ 2
3. Conditions for Blowing Out .................................................................................................. 2
3.1 Dynamic Pressure Conditions.............................................................................................. 2
3.2 Rating the Blow Out Piping.................................................................................................. 3
3.3 Blowing Gate Valve ............................................................................................................. 4
4. Blowing Out Operation ........................................................................................................ 4
4.1 Duration of a Blast............................................................................................................... 4
4.2 Number of Blasts ................................................................................................................. 4
4.3 Sudden Temperature Drop .................................................................................................. 4
4.4 Procedure When Blowing Out.............................................................................................. 4
5. Cleanliness of the System ................................................................................................... 4
5.1 Assessing the Cleanliness of the System ............................................................................ 4

1. General
This recommendation describes the blowing-out conditions and purity criteria that are required by
manufacturer.

Blowing-out has the purpose of removing rust, scale, coatings dirt and foreign bodies from the inner
surfaces of steam piping to avoid blockages of the steam filter at the turbine inlet or damage to the turbine.

You must never start up a turbine before the boiler and the steam piping to the turbine have been cleaned.

Failure to follow this recommendation and starting the system even though it has not been properly cleaned
is at the customer's own risk. Any damage that occurs due to incorrect blowing out is excluded from the
warranty.
The manufacturer exclusively retains the right to inspect the turbine before acceptance testing the turbo
generator to determine the current status and, if necessary, to take into account corrections to the
guarantee values. Any additional costs that result from this shall be borne by the customer.

If blowing out was not carried out in accordance with this guideline, the customer must be informed in
writing of the facts and the corresponding results.

1.1 Danger of Accidents/Noise Prevention

Before starting blowing out, you must insulate all the steam lines that are to be blown out. This is to reduce
the danger of accidents (burns) or of fire (cables, oil, etc.)
Clearly identify danger areas by means of tapes and ensure that security staff cordon off the area before
starting blowing out. Before each blow out, check the danger area to ensure that no unauthorized
personnel is present.

Official regulations dictate that you must provide noise prevention measures.

Copyright DIN ISO 16016 shall be observed ! The reproduction, distribution and utilization of this document as well as the communication of
its contents to others without explicid authorization is prohibited. Offenders will be held liable for the payment of damages. All rights reserved
in the event of the grant of a patent, utility model or design. © Siemens AG

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To reduce noise pollution due to blowing-out, you can use two procedures:

- utilize a silencer
- divert the steam under water

The supplier of the boiler or the piping must guarantee the provision of noise prevention measures.

2. Blowing Circulations
Blowing out is intended above all to clean the boiler's piping system. In the same way, you must clean all
the steam piping (live steam piping, secondary steam piping) that supplies steam to the turbine. In addition,
the supply lines of by-pass and reduction stations are blown out as well as those of the seal-steam system
and the steam-jet air ejector units.

Normally, you blow out all of the piping until directly in front of the valve casing or close to it.
The provisional blow out pipe is connected to the connection flange of the steam pipe to the quick-action
valve or to a pipe flange close to it.
If you carry out blowing via the quick-action valve, you must dismount it. If constructional reasons dictate
that it is not possible to connect the blow-out line in front of the quick-action valve and the quick-action
valve is welded to the control valve casing, you must carry out blowing via the quick-action valve by means
of a deployment ordered from the manufacturer.
Dismount the provisional blow out pipe and mount the definitive steam piping under conditions that are as
clean as possible.
It is advisable to remove from the blowing circulation sensitive objects such as valve seats, valve shafts,
flow-measuring orifices, etc.

3. Conditions for Blowing Out

3.1 Dynamic Pressure Conditions

Adequate dynamic pressure is the most important factor for achieving high velocity of flow and, with this,
good levels of steam piping cleaning by blowing out. When carrying out blowing out, the dynamic pressure
in the entire boiler and piping system must be greater than the subsequent maximum in full-load operation.

Below, we will use index A for the maximum throughflow in full-load operation and index B for blowing out:

c = Steam velocity [ m/s ]

v = Specific volume [ m³/kg ]
m = Mass flow rate [ kg/s ]
p = Pressure [ Bar ]
T = Temperature [ °C ]

⎛ c2 ⎞ ⎛ c2 ⎞
⎜ ⎟ >⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2v ⎠ B ⎝ 2v ⎠ A

( m²xy v )B > ( m² y v )A

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vA
mB > m A ⋅
vB

Calculation example:

pA = 61 bara mA = 33 kg/s
TA = 450° C vA = 0.051189 m³/kg

vA
mB > m A ⋅
vB

pB = 30 bara vB = 0.090526 m³/kg

TB = 350° C

0,051189
mB > 33 ×
0,090526

mB > 24.8 kg/s

To ensure that the desired parameters of the mass flow rate are achieved, you should carry out an
estimate of the mass flow rate, if possible, by means of the operational measurement.
If possible, you should measure the pressure and the temperature for the calculation directly by the boiler
outlet.

You should aim to achieve high steam conditions, since experience has shown that steam piping is not
correctly cleaned until high temperatures have been reached.
The following empirical values are used to specify the pressure and temperature for blowing out:

Pressure: pB > 50% of the rated pressure pA

Temperature: TB = minimum of 50 K overheating relative to the rated pressure, pA

3.2 Rating the Blow Out Piping

The provisional blow out piping must have approximately the same cross-section as the final piping.
When rating the piping suspension of the steam pipe and the provisional blow out piping which are to be
blown-out, you must observe the special conditions relating to blowing out, e.g. increased dynamic
pressure.
In addition, with welded quick-action valves, you must comply with the permissible forces and torques on
the turbine flanges.
The piping or boiler supplier will pay for the design, supply and assembly of the blow-out piping and the
piping suspension and take responsibility for it.

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3.3 Blowing Gate Valve
It is absolutely vital to install a blowing gate valve with a low (30-second) opening time. You should install
the gate valve in the area of the blow-out pipe in front of the mirrors. This gate valve makes it possible to
achieve a reduction in the blow-out time, due to warming of the steam line via water drains, and an
improvement in the level of cleaning.
The supplier of the boiler or the piping will provide the blowing gate valve.

4. Blowing Out Operation

4.1 Duration of a Blast

Depending on the capacity of the boiler, you should aim at achieving a duration of 1 - 2 minutes per blast.
Note that with long blowing gate valve run times (greater than 30 seconds), you must extend the blowing
out duration by the run time of the blowing gate valve.

4.2 Number of Blasts

Continue blowing out until you achieve satisfactory levels of cleanliness in the steam piping. The necessary
level of cleanliness is specified in Section 5.1, Assessing the Cleanliness of the System.

4.3 Sudden Temperature Drop

Large temperature differences between the blow-out and cool-down stages lead to oxide layers being
detached. This means that after blowing out at high steam temperatures there should be a cooling down
period to bring the temperature of the piping down to as close as possible to the ambient temperature. To
ensure adequate cooling, it is advisable for this period to last five to six hours with insulated piping.

4.4 Procedure When Blowing Out

After warming the piping, carry out initial blowing at moderate steam temperatures to allow you to detect
possible faults in the piping or the suspension.

Blowing out is started by running up the boiler to the previously specified blowing parameters and by
warming to piping that is to be blown out.
After this, carry out blowing using the steam data that is necessary to achieve the dynamic pressure
conditions and the temperature. While doing this, you should keep open the blowing gate valve for 1-2
minutes. Carry out blowing two to three times according to this method.
After this, blow down to low pressure and empty the boiler to clean the evaporator.
After this, use the fans to cool down the boiler.
On the day after this, run at full blowing pressure and full temperature.

With the first two or three blasts, no steel mirrors are installed to check cleanliness due to the high levels of
contamination that can be expected.

5. Cleanliness of the System

5.1 Assessing the Cleanliness of the System

You use steel mirrors to assess the cleanliness of the system. The boiler supplier provides these mirrors in
accordance with the material specification stated below.
You must install the mirrors directly at the end of the piping that is to be blown out after the blowing gate
valve into the provisional blow out pipe.
An undisturbed section of piping, which is at least ten times the diameter of the piping, must be available in
front of the steel mirror's installation position.

You must install a mirror at least after every cooling down period of the boiler to allow you to determine the
effectivity of the blowing out operation.

A recommendation for the blowing mirror's material, dimensions and installation

(refer to drawing 1 CWK 027 472 s. page 7) is shown below

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Material: St 37
ASTM A36
ASTM A516Gr70
Hardness: approximately 110 -120 HB

Installation position of the mirror:

Blowing Gate Valve Mirror

>10 D

Dimensions depending on the diameter of the piping

DN L [ mm ] B [ mm ]
100 90 15
150 135 20
200 180 25
250 225 30
300 270 35
350 315 40
400 360 45

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Adequate cleanliness of the steam piping was achieved by complying with the conditions below:

a) Two successive blasts must result in mirror surfaces that have no strikes that are outside the
assessment limits stated below.

b) After a cooling-down period of at least 12 hours, two more successive blasts must result in mirror
surfaces that have strikes that comply with the stated assessment limits.

The entire surface is considered for assessing a blowing mirror.

The assessment limits for an acceptable mirror are as follows:

y No strikes with diameters greater than 0.8 mm

y Not more than 2 strikes with diameters greater than 0.4 mm per 2500 mm²

y Not more than 10 strikes with diameters greater than 0.2 mm per 2500 mm²

y Strikes with diameters of less than 0.2 mm must be uniformly distributed.

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