21 Collection and

Organisation of Data
(Mean, Median and
Mode)

INTRODUCTION
The present-day society is information-oriented. In various fields, we need information in the
form of numerical :f4:,<1Ures called data.
These data may be related to the profits of a company during last few years, the monthly
~es earned by workers in a factory, the marks obtained by the students of a class in a cer tain
examination. the expenditure on various heads in a five-year plan, etc .
SOME DEFINITIONS

Data A collection of numerical figures giving some particular type of iriformation is

called data.

Example 1 The heights (in cm) of 11 players in a school are:

155,148,161,144,159,152,147,163, 156, 150,165.
We call it the data related to the heights of 11 players in a school.

Example 2 The marks obtained by 10 pupils in a class test (out of 50) are:
42, 12,23,08,46,34, 18,29,45,37.
We call it the data related to the marks obtained by 10 pupils in a class test.

Raw data Data obtained in the originalform is called raw data.

Data given in each of the above examples is a raw data.

Array Arranging the numerical fig ures of a data in ascending or descending order is
called an array.

Tabulation of data Arranging the data in a systematic form in the form of a table is called
tabulation of the data.

Observation Each numertcalftgure tn a data ts called an observatiqn.

Fnlquency of an ob9ervatlon Thl? number of times a particular observation occurs ts called its
~-
the collection, presentation, analysts and
~ - - - ~ ~ ~ ~ - - - - --- ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
7

number qf l hlldren Ln 20 Jamilles 0 , a

(, v'::fl below l1J tf I-' h
drJ 'ri ~howln(J l e :.,
EXAMPlf 1
!1,1r.,,alLly: r 2 3 J 3
,., r r ~ 2 ( 'j 4 2 J :J, 2, 4, 1, 4, • • ' •
.J, l • ~. :.t. 2 , th 1 7 re are ajrequency table.
J, · • • • •.
Arranqe the dala In a.<,cendtnq order and e, I -P

Sr,lutwn Arran~ng the data Jn as.ccndfng order, we get

2' 2 2 2 2 ~) 3 3 3,3,4.4.
0, J. 1. 1. I. 2, • 2 , · · · · J , • ' • • lJ arks we count the 5th
For wunUnr1 purpuc,L Wf~ uc,c taJly marks. After 4 ta Ym ' one
~ t · · ts of fives
by putting a cro'>'> a~ U11. 'I hus, we coun m se ·
, bl f the o'iVcn data, as shown below.
~ 10w. we m&y prepare the frequwcy ta e o f:1'

Number of famJHes
Number of cnildn-n Ta11y marks (Frequency)
1
4
1 1111
7
2 U11 II
6
U11 I
2
4 II
EXAMPLE 2. Given below are the heights {in cm) of 16 girls ln a class:
154,150,152,154,154,150,148,152,152,152,1 54,150,152,154, 152, 152.
Arrange the data in ascending order and prepare the frequency tab le.

Solution Arranging the given data in ascending order, we get

148,150,150,150,152,152,152,152,152.152. 152,154.154, 154, 154, 154.
We may now prepare the frequency table as shown below.

Height (in cm) Tally marks Number of girls

(Frequency)
148 I l
150 111 3
152 Uf1 II 7
154 Uf1 5

MEAN OF UNGROUPED DATA

The mean of some gtven observaUons is defined as
sum of the given observations
mean=---=-- - - · - - - - - - - -
number of the given observations·

~ 3. Ftnd the mean of the numbers

7.6, 6.8. 8.5. 9.4, 5.9, 6.4, 9. 1 a nd 4.7.
um of the gtven numbers
(7.6 + 6.8 + 8.5 + 9.4 + 5.9 + 6.4 + g
Nlunbcr of the gtven number s= 8. · 1 + 4 . 7) = 58.4.
um of the given num bers
aumber of the gtvcn nu m ber;
 n, Mc><lian and Mode )
C'oll<'ction and Orgn nisnt ion of Dula (Men 261
Tf>p nnrl .-.... ~ --- k a re
ilJi?lE '· e rocl ct.., -t"xp ense s qf Rcth ul duri ng a wee
l_S.-!O. ~ lS.O Q, ~ 16 -50, t 14.7 5, ~ 12.6 0
and ~ 17 25
. . .
Fi.7 d 11s mea n poc ket- expe nses per day.
"1 Sum of the pock et-e. ,-pe nses
~ 9 4 .50 .
:-.
= t (l5.-t-O + 18.0 0 + 16.5 0 + 14.7 5 + 12.6 0 + 17. 25 ) =
Tota l nmn ber of day s= 6.
ses
mea n pock et-e xpen ses= = tota l pock et-e xpen
tota l num ber of days
~ <( 94~50 ) per day
= ~ 15.7 5 per day.
are~ 15.7 5 p er day
Hen ce, the mea n pock et-e xpen ses of Rah ul
EXAMPLE 5. The heig hts of 7 play ers in a grou p are
16 0 cm and 171 cm.
175 cm, 158 cm, 180 cm, 164 cm, 182 cm,
Find thei r mea n heig ht.
Solu tion Sum of the heig hts of the give n p laye rs
0 cm.
= (175 + 158 + 180 + 164 + 182 + 16 0 + 171) cm = 119
Num ber of the g1ven play ers = 7 .
n play
sum of the heights of the give--- er s
mea n heicrht = __ __ _____::::..____ _-=
---
0 numb er of players
119 0
= - - cm = 1 70 cm.
7
s is 1 70 cm.
Hen ce, the mea n heig ht of the given p laye r
MEA N OF TABULATED DATA
, f n resp ectiv ely.
, x , ... , x n b e f 1 , f 2 , f 3 , ...
Let the freq uenc ies of n obse rvat ions x 1, x 2 3
The n, we defi ne:
(f1 . X 1 + f 2 . X 2 + · · ·+ f n . X n ) = L( f1 X
XI )
mea n=
,
(f1 + f2+ ...+ fn ) °Lf1
show ing sum mat ion.
whe re 1: ( call ed sigm a) is the Gre ek lette r
12 wor kers in afac tory :
EXAMPLE 6. The foll ow ing table sho ws the w e ights of
60 63 66 69 72
We ight (in kg)
4 3 2 2 1
No. of wor kers
Find the mea n weig ht.
e give n belo w:
Solu tion
Fbr calc ulat ing the mea n, we prep are the tabl
I No. of wor kers I
I (ft x xt)
(Ji)
4 240
3 189
2 132
2 138
1 72
1:f1 = 12 L (11 X XI ) = 771
 262 MnLhemnt.ic1-1 for Cl11 H8 7
"f.,(j XX 1 ) 771 ,
mean weight = - -
1
= kg -= 64.250 kg.
rf, 12
Hence. the mean weight is 64.250 kg.
EXAMPLE 7. The follow ing table shows the numbe r of mispri nts in 1Jnrtou s
parws <!I a. IJ<>ok
contain ing 300 pages:
No. qf mispri nls
No. Q{page s
(per page)
154
0
95
l 2
36
- - 3
-
7 EB~--
Find the mean misprin ts per pagl1.
Solution For calcula ting the mean. we prepar e the lable g1vcn below:
-
No. of mispri nts per page No. of pnp;cs Cf1 x x,)
(x,) (J,)
0 154 0
I 95 95
2 36 72
3 7 21
4 6 24
5 2 10
'ff, = 300 'f.(J1 x x 1 ) - 222
- - -
r( r, x x, l
mean mispri nts per page = rr .
• I
= 222 = 0.74.
300
Hence, the mean mispri nls per page = 0. 74.
!fthe mean ojth e jollowln gfreq11 c11cy distrib11tio11 is 8.j7nd the
vn/11,• c!fp.
EXAMPLE 8.
Variab le (x 1 ) 3 5 7 9 ll 1~~
Freque ncy (f1 ) 6 8 15 p 8 ,'(.
-
Solution For calcula ting the mem1. wr prepar e the t:1bk g'iwu bdow:
Variable Freque ncy
(f)
(.r, '< .,· t) --
{.\: I ) • t
-
3
fi
G
8
1K
-10
--
7 rn
~
105
--
9 p n,, ~
11 8 HK
13 4 5:>
'5;1~ " (-I l t /I l
-- -
)_'(ft'-. \ t)
-~-
(:30;\ I !lp)
~ ~-··· --~-
(:Hl:1+~1p)
t-lltp l
 c,-:;;:-t.;.'_.'l .:nd O~i53 tion of Data (~lean. :.Iedian and Mode) 263
3n3-,- 9p =S ⇒ (303 .... 9p)=t 328+ 8p)
.!i- p
=:- p = ~~-.,:.._~ '"' . . . l =•).::.
. . .,. "' - J·"'ccJ.) - v.
E.en~ . p =25.
EXERCISE 21 A
!. !I)e-:::I f tll ;:' t t'IT:.: $ .
i)'.:l·'
.,,,_-...._~"'t (ii) Raw data (iii) Array
11 -:-a!::-.U:.::.:ic::. of data (yl Obsen -ation s (Vi) Frequ ency of an observ ation
5:.3..~5 :iCS
2• .~. ,i re.--~ ::-.,smn1 20 times and the follo\\ ing outco mes were record ed:
5 2. :.3. ~4.5 .6. 2.2. 4.5.5 ,6. 2. 2.4.5 .5. 1.
.--.sr=.;.:- :he abcre data in ascen ding order and prepa re the freque ncy table.
3. Tt~ :.ai.:.~· wages ,:::it' of ~5 \\"'orkers in a factor y are
given below:
300, 360.
~a.D. 36.C. 30J. 300. 260. 360. 360. 400, 300. 260, 360, 360, 400,
table .
_-sr--::.::;e :he ahore data in ascen ding order and prepa re the freque ncy
...,_ W-r::e ~e da::a gi.,..en below in ascen ding order and prepa re
the freque ncy table.
- . 5. 7. :o. 6. S. 9. 7. 10. 5. 7. 6. 8. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9, 7, 6, 7, 8.
5. ?m m tl!e blank s:
Dara mean s inform ation in the form of ...... figures .
1 •
Data obIBin ed in the ...... form is called raw data.
ffi .i _~_-:-an~i:lg :he nume rical figure s in ascend
ing or descen ding order is called an .......
tr) -=-te :;:::-:::..,.,her of times a partic ular observ ation occurs
is called its ...... .
. ~u:g the data in the form of a table is called ...... of data.
,·r .~. ."TaT'
s. ?i2d :he mean of first fi\·e natura l numb ers.
r. ?°!.!;.d ±e mean of first sLx odd natura l numb
ers.
8. ?ifid ib.e n::ean of first se,·en e,·en natura l numb ers.
s. ?ind ::he mean of first fiye prime numb ers.
10. ?~d tl:e mean of first SL""{ multip les of 5.
factory:
11. The follov.ing table shows the weigh ts (in kg) of 15 worke rs in a
60 63 66 72 75
\ 1.eigh~ (in kg I
4 5 3 1 2
~umb er of worke rs
Calcu late the mean weight.
below:
12. The daily wages in rupee s) of 60 worke rs in a factory are given
300 320 360 380
i Dally wages (in f) I 280
8
lllliaidk. of workers I 14 16 15 7
the mean daily wages.
in cm) of 90 plants in a garde n are given below:
J ~~ ~~
4 66 74
I :~ I I : I 12 10
rs of a schoo l are given below:
16 17 18
15
10 8 3
14
--- --- --- ~~ ~= ~~ --- --- --- --
2n4 Mathemati cs for C}!lss 1

15 · The heights Un cm) of 40 boys were measured and reco rded as under:

Height (in cm) 165 170 175 180

Number of boys 9 8 11 12

Find U1e mean height.

MEDIAN OF UNGROUPED DATA

MEDIAN After arranging the given data in ascendin g or descendi ng order of magnitude.
the value of the middle-m ost observation is called the median of the data.

Method for Finding the Median of an Ungrouped Data

Arrange the data in increasin g or decreasin g order of magnitud e. Let the total number of
observati ons be n.
Case 1 When n is odd:
Median = value of_!:._ (n + l)th observation.
2
Case2 When n is even:
Median = ½•{(%)fu observation + ( %+ 1)t1i observation} ·

SOLVED EXAMPLES
EXAMPLE 1. The runs scored by 11 members of a cricket team are
25,39,53 , 18,65, 72,0,46 ,31,08,3 4.
Find the median score.
Solution Arrangin g the number of runs in ascendin g order, we have:
0,08, 18,25,3 1,34,39 ,46,53,6 5, 72.
Here n = 11, which is odd.
median score = value of½ (11 + l)th term = value of 6th term = 34.
Hence, the median score is 34.
EXAMPLE 2. The weights of 10 students (in kg) are
40,52,3 4,47,31 ,35,48,4 1,44,38 .
Find the median weight.

Solutton Arrangin g the weights in ascendin g order, we have :

31,34,3 5,38,40 ,41,44,4 7,48,52 .
Here n = 10, which is even.

median weight = ½{(1i )fu 1

term+ ( +1 i
term} )fu
1
{5th term+ 6th term}
1 . 81
=
2 ·{40 + 41} kg= kg= 40.5 kg.
2
t = 40.5 kg.
MEDl;\N OF OfSCRETE SERIES

Method: Ftrs. arrange the ~em1s in ..1sceudmg 0r descending order. Xow. pre-pare a
Clmutlati,-e trequem.'~ r.1ble. I.et ilit"' :1.."'t~l! fre-quc-ncy be X.
ti) ~- X is odd. then

.~....l~
nkui3.Il = si:e ot · ( X ~ 1 )..h
)u.i item.
2
{ti} if Xis e,-en. then
median = - •..,
~
. -. size. -X \
l · ,si:e. _,X} uem
01 -i ) 1 01 -<)
l
-1 !th ite.mj -
- l \ - \._ -

~LEl. Find me m.edfanJor rhe _rollowf.J1g _frequcnc!J d:srrfburion:

?!fa.ks 0brained \x,) 17 20 ~2 15 30

Su..--;ilier c_·,- sr:tden :s , _\) 5 9 -! 3 10 6

So:!...rton _-\rrangmg the terms in ascending order. we hm-e:

Marks obtained \x:) 15 17 20 22 25 30

:Kum.her of students '- -fi ) 3 5 9 -! 6 10

Xow. preparing the cumulati...-e frequency table. we ha...-e:

Marks obtained ~xi) INumber of students tfi) I Cumulatire frequency

15 3 3
17 5 8
20 9 17
22 -! 21
25 6 _,
?-

30 10 37

Total number of terms = 37. which is odd.

37 1
median of marks - marks obtained by ( + } student
2
= marks obtained by 19th student
= 22.
[l\'ote that each one of 18th. 19th. 20th and 21st gets 22 marks]
Hence. median of marks= 22.

EXAIIPl.f 4. Find the medianfor chefollowingfreq uency distribution:

X1 3 6 10 12 7 15

l 3 4 2 8 13 10

Sofutlon Arranging the terms in ascending order. we get:

3 6 7 10 12 15

3 4 13 2 8 10
~uo
-
-_
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ _ _::'J:~~t~h~e~n~H~tt~il:·~~t~·o~r~C~l~a:s,,..~·_:_•
Now. prepa ring the cumu lati,·e freque ncT w.ble. ,w get:
-

_ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _
-
: cumu latiH' freque ncy
Variat e (x I l Frequ ency (f1 l
3
3
3 ,,
6 -! '
20
7 13
22
?
10
30
12 8
-!O
15 10
r
Numb er of terms , N = 40.
Median = ¼{(,·alue of : th tem1 J+".alue of (: + 1 term]}
= -1 ·{(value of 20th term) + (value of 21st term)}
2
1
= -(7 +10)
2
·: value of 20th term is 7, ]
[ value of each one of 21st and 22nd term is 10
= 8 .5.
Hence , media n = 8 .5 .
EXERCISE 218
I . Find the media n of:
(i) 3, 11, 7, 2, 5 , 9, 9 , 2, 10
(ii) 9, 25, 18, 15, 6, 16, 8, 22, 21
{iii) 21 , 15, 6 , 25 , 18, 13, 20, 9, 16, 8, 22
2. Find the media n of:
{iJ 10, 32. 17. 19, 21, 22, 9 , 35
(ti} 55, 60, 35,51 ,29, 63. 72, 91 , 85 , 82
3. Find the media n of first 15 odd numb ers.
4. Find the media n of first l O even numb ers.
&. Find the media n of first 50 whole numb ers.
IIIDt. First 50 whole numbe rs are 0 , I , 2 , 3 , ... , 49.
8. The marks of 15 stude nts (out of 50) in an exami nation
are
.ao,22 . ~.31 ,40. 19. 17, 19, 25 , 29, 23 , 17, 2 4 . 21 ,35 .
. . . . . . · r 11 nm.arks.
, .o f IO teach ers in a schoo l are
'8, 81, 36. 40. 50.
r
Collection nnd Organisation of Data (Mean , Median and Mode) 267
,1 t he uwcllan wctght for the foll -
ti , fltll ~ -~- - -15 u.aLct:
\\i ght (in kg)
Nn .ber of boys
- --·
45
8
46 48 50 52 54 55
5 6 9 4 2
7
~. c ,1tn1l,lh' followmg data:
w median for the followmgd
Marks
17 20 22 15 30
Number of students 5 9 4 3 10
. ' , '
1t.). rlll' h 50 students of a cl
c:,· -- ---- · ··
Height (in c111) 156
'
153 I
154 155 151 157 152
Number of students 8 4 3 12
10 6 7
find the median height.
MODE OF UNGROUPED DATA
MODE Mode is the value of the variable which occurs most frequently .
EX.4MPLE 1. Given below is the number of pairs of shoes of different sizes sold in a day by the
owner of a shop.
Size of shoe 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 2 3 4 5 3 7 2
Number of pairs sold
What is the modal shoe-size?
Solution Since the sale of size 8 is maximum, so the modal shoe-size is 8 .
EXAMPLE 2. The marks obtained by 11 students of a class in a test are given below:
23, 2, 15, 38,21, 19,23,23,26,34,23.
Find the modal marks.
Solution Arranging the given marks in ascending order, we get
2, 15, 19, 21, 23, 23, 23, 23, 26, 34, 38.
Clearly. 23 o ccurs maximum number of times.
Hence. modal marks= 23.
EIIPIRICAL FORMULA FOR CALCULATING MODE
Wt use the formula : Mode= 3(Median) - 2 (Mean) .
Calculate th e m e an and m edian for the following data:
EIMM.E3.
12 13 14 16 --1-rg----,_ _20
10 11
4 5 2 3 2 1
3 5
..,.,. ernptrtoalJormula, calculate its mode.
 268 Mathem atics for Class 7

Solution We may prepar e the table given below:

(f1 xx 1 )
Marks Numbe r of studen ts Cumulative frequen cy
(x,) (f,)
3 30
10 3
8 55
11 5
48
12
12 4
65
5 17
13 28
2 19
14 48
3 22
16 38
2 24
19 20
1 25
20
1',(j1 XX 1 ) = 332
N-Iji -25

Here, N = I.Ji = 25, which is odd.

1
:. median = siZe of ( N + ) th item = siZe of
2
5 1
(2
/ ) th item

= size of 13th item

= marks obtaine d by 13th studen t
= 13 [·: each one of the studen ts from 13th to 17th gets 13 marks} .
Thus, median = 13.
_ - 332
.I.(fi xxi) - -- -13 .28.
Al so mean-
' I.Ji 25
mode = 3(medi an) - 2(mean )
= (3 X 13) - (2 X 13.28) = (39 - 26.56) = 12.44.
Thus, median = 13, mean = 13.28 and mode = 12.44.

EXAMPLE 4. Find the mean and median qf the followi ng data:

Weig ht (in kg) 42 47 52 57 62 67 72

Numbe r of person s 3 8 6 8 11 5 9

Using empiri caljorm ula, calcula te its mode.

Solution We may prepar e the table given below:

Weight (in kg) Numbe r of person s Cumul ative freque ncy (Ji xx1)
(x1) (f1)
42 3 3 126
47 8 11 376
52 6 17 312
57 8 25 45 6
62 11 36 682
67 5 41 335
72 9 50 648
N =LJ1 =50 1',(fi X X 1 ) - 2935

Here, N = !.f, = 50, which is even.

 ( !olJ11d,j 011 11111 I Or .
l,{11111111i(io , 1 of' I)
Ill.i t (M, .. ,11 M Mod, •J
--
. ' nd11111 1111d
1 11 ------
IIH 'dl an l
. siz e r N
, , o 2 Iii 111•111
11
I ,'-ll:t;1• ol ( N., ) 11
f
21 ~ 1 I 111 111 •111

2 {(HIZ(· of ~! llh lt1·1

11) I (1,Jz1 • of ~(i i Ir
111·111))
l

2 (!i7 I £32) hg ( 'lI

,G
x 1 l '))
,
I{If
,.,
r;,, r·, I</,.r
• • ••

lllC cll l t(J ; X XI ) 2D:H)

''I' 50 kg > . 7 kg,
·~H
L: ,

m od e - 3 ( mcdtm1) 2(11wnn)

. { (3 X 59 .5) (2 X GH,7)} l{Jl, 01.1 kg.

H J . . (j I • J kg,
cn cc , m ed ia n 59 r::
.,) <g, lllC clll G8. 7 l<,c.!; ,lllcl lllOclc:

EX ER CI SE 21 C

Fi nd th e m od e of lh e
da ta:
1.
(i) 10 , 8, 4, 7, 8,
11, 15, 8, 6, 8
27
(ti ) 27 , 23 , 39 , 18 ,
27 ,2 1, 27 ,2 7, 40 ,3 6,
rs ar e given below:
2. Th e ag es (in ye
ar s) of 11 cr ick et pla ye 0, 31 .
32 ,3 8, 32 ,4
28 , 34 , 32 , 41 , 36 ,3 2,
ages .
Fi nd th e m od e of th e low:
ge s of 45 wo rk er s in a factory ar c given be
3. Da ily wa 52 5 60 0
37 5 45 0
30 0
Da ily wa ge s (in t) 9 12 10
6 8
Nu m be r of wo rk er s
the me an .
Fi nd th e m ed ia n an d a, ca Jc ula te its mo de .
fo rm ul
Us in g em pi ric al de nt s of a cla ss.
ng tab le sh ow s lhe m ar ks ob tai ne d by 41 stu
4. Th e fo llo wi 22 25 30
15 17 20
M ar ks ob tai ne d 8 4
5 10 12
2
Nu m be r of stu de nt s
me an ma rk s.
Fi nd th e m ed ian an d ul a, ca lcu lat e its mo de .
Us in g em pi ric al fo rm
rs:
s th e we igh t of 12 pla ye
he fo llo wi ng tab le sh ow 54 58

t-:•:;.
5. T 52
530 1
I ; I I 2 2

me an we igh ts.
Ft nd the medtan an d ca lcu lat e its mo de .
us tn g empirical fo rm ul a,