0% found this document useful (0 votes)
37 views29 pages

S Kuliah08 16 MARCH 16 MOMENT

1) The document discusses moments of forces in 2D and 3D, including defining moment as the product of a force and its perpendicular distance from the point of interest. 2) Moments can be determined using scalar analysis by resolving forces into x and y components, or using vector cross products. 3) The principle of moments states that the total moment is equal to the sum of the individual moments of each force component.

Uploaded by

Fahmi Fauzi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
37 views29 pages

S Kuliah08 16 MARCH 16 MOMENT

1) The document discusses moments of forces in 2D and 3D, including defining moment as the product of a force and its perpendicular distance from the point of interest. 2) Moments can be determined using scalar analysis by resolving forces into x and y components, or using vector cross products. 3) The principle of moments states that the total moment is equal to the sum of the individual moments of each force component.

Uploaded by

Fahmi Fauzi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 29

Engineering Mechanics :

STATICS

BNJ 10203
Lecture #08
By,
Dalila Mohd Harun
Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)
3
MOMENT OF A FORCE (Section 4.1)
Today’s Objectives :
Students will be able to:
a) understand and define moment,
and,
b) determine moments of a force in
2-D and 3-D cases.

Learning Topics :
• Applications
• Moment in 2-D
• Moment in 3-D

4
MOMENT IN 2-D (continued)
In the 2-D case, the magnitude of the moment is
Mo = F d

As shown, d is the perpendicular distance from point O to the


line of action of the force.

In 2-D, the direction of MO is either clockwise or


counter-clockwise depending on the tendency for rotation.
5
MOMENT IN 2-D (continued)
F
a For example, MO = F d and the
b direction is counter-clockwise.
O
d
Often it is easier to determine MO by using the components of F
as shown. Fy F

Fx
b a
O
Using this approach, MO = (FY a) – (FX b). Note the different
signs on the terms! The typical sign convention for a moment in
2-D is that counter-clockwise is considered positive. We can
determine the direction of rotation by imagining the body pinned
at O and deciding which way the body would rotate because of
6
the force.
MOMENT IN 2-D (continued)

Resultant moment of a system of coplanar forces can be determined


by simply adding the moments of all forces algebraically since all
the moment vectors are collinear.

+ MRo = ∑Fd

7
APPLICATIONS

What is the net effect of the


two forces on the wheel?

8
APPLICATIONS (continued)

What is the effect of the 30 N


force on the lug nut?

9
MOMENT IN 2-D

The moment of a force about a point provides a measure of the


tendency for rotation (sometimes called a torque).

10
EXAMPLE
Given: A 400 N force is
applied to the frame
and  = 20°.
Find: The moment of the
force at A.

Plan:
1) Resolve the force along x and y axes.
2) Determine MA using scalar analysis.

11
EXAMPLE (continued)

Solution
+  Fy = -400 sin 20° N
+  Fx = -400 cos 20° N
+ MA = {(400 cos 20°)(2) + (400 sin 20°)(3)} N·m
= 1160 N·m
12
IN CLASS TUTORIAL (GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING)

Given: A 40 N force is
applied to the wrench.
Find: The moment of the
force at O.
Plan: 1) Resolve the force
along x and y axes.
2) Determine MO using
scalar analysis.
Solution: +  Fy = - 40 cos 20° N
+  Fx = - 40 sin 20° N
+ MO = {-(40 cos 20°)(200) + (40 sin 20°)(30)}N·mm
= -7107 N·mm = - 7.11 N·m
13
HOMEWORK TUTORIAL
Q1 (4-4):
Determine the magnitude and directional sense of the resultant moment
of the forces A and B about point O.

=6m =40kN
=45°
=3m

3m= =13m
=5m

=6m
=30°
=60kN

14
HOMEWORK TUTORIAL (continued)
Q2 (4-5):
Determine the magnitude and directional sense of the resultant moment
of the forces A and B about point P.

=6m =40kN
=45°
=3m

3m= =13m
=5m

=6m
=30°
=60kN

15
HOMEWORK TUTORIAL (continued)
Q3 (4-31):
The worker is using the bar to pull two pipes together in order to
complete the connection. If he applies a horizontal force F to the
handle of the lever, determine the moment of this force about the
end A. What would be the tension T in the cable needed to cause
the opposite moment about point A.

16
MOMENT IN 3-D (Vector formulation Section 4.3)

Moments in 3-D can be calculated using scalar (2-D) approach but


it can be difficult and time consuming. Thus, it is often easier to
use a mathematical approach called the vector cross product.
Using the vector cross product, MO = r  F .
Here r is the position vector from point O to any point on the line
of action of F. 17
CROSS PRODUCT

In general, the cross product of two vectors A and B results in


another vector C , i.e., C = A  B. The magnitude and
direction of the resulting vector can be written as
C = A  B = A B sin  UC
Here UC is the unit vector perpendicular to both A and B
vectors as shown (or to the plane containing the
A and B vectors). 18
CROSS PRODUCT

The right hand rule is a useful tool for determining the direction of
the vector resulting from a cross product.
For example: i  j = k
Note that a vector crossed into itself is zero, e.g., i  i = 0

19
CROSS PRODUCT (continued)

Of even more utility, the cross product can be written as

Each component can be determined using 2  2 determinants.

20
MOMENT IN 3-D (continued)
So, using the cross product, a
moment can be expressed as

By expanding the above equation using 2  2 determinants (see


Section 4.2), we get (sample units are N - m)
MO = (r y FZ - rZ Fy) i - (r x Fz - rz Fx ) j + (rx Fy - ry Fx ) k

The physical meaning of the above equation becomes evident by


considering the force components separately and using a 2-D
formulation.
21
MOMENT IN 3-D (continued)

Resultant moment of a System of Forces :

If a body is acted upon by a system of forces as shown in the


figure, the resultant moment of the forces about point O can be
determined by vector addition as

MRo = ∑(r x F)

22
PRINCIPLE OF MOMENTS

Principle of moments is also known as Varignon’s Theorem

“Moment of a force about a point is equal to the


sum of the moments of the forces’ components
about the point”

For F = F1 + F2,

MO = r X F1 + r X F2
= r X (F1 + F2)
=rXF

23
EXAMPLE
Given: The pole support a 100N (≈
10kg) traffic light.
Find: Using Cartesian vectors,
determine the moment of the
weight of the traffic light about
the base of the pole at A.
Plan: 1) Find a position vector of
traffic light.
5.4m=
2) Using Cartesian vector
notation, determine the force that
the traffic light acted on the pole.
3) MA = r X F
24
EXAMPLE (continued)
rAB = {( XB – XA)i +(YB – YA)j +(ZB – ZA) k}m
= {(3.6sin30 – 0)i + (3.6cos30 – 0)j
+ (5.4 – 0)k}m
B = {1.8i + 3.12j + 5.4k}m
F = -100k
F

5.4m=
MA = rAB X F = {-312i + 180j} Nm

25
IN CLASS TUTORIAL (GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING)
Given: The man pulls on the rope with
a force of F = 20N.
Find: Determine the moment that
this force exerts about the base
of the pole at O.

Plan: 1) Find a position vector of rOA


and rAB.
2) Using Cartesian vector
notation, determine the force that
acted on the pole.
3) MA = r X F
26
GROUP PROBLEM SOLVING (Continue)
rAB = {( XB – XA)i +(YB – YA)j +(ZB – ZA) k}m
= {(4 – 0)i + (-3 – 0)j + (1.5 – 10.5)k}m
= {4i - 3j - 9k}m
rOA = {( XA – XO)i +(YA – YO)j +(ZA – ZO) k}m
= {(0 – 0)i + (0 – 0)j + (10.5 – 0)k}m
= {0i + 0j + 10.5k}m
F = FuAB = F(rAB /rAB )
= 20{0.4i - 0.3j - 0.9k}
={8i – 6j - 18k} N
MO = rOA X F = {63i + 84j} Nm

27
HOMEWORK TUTORIAL
Q1 (4-39):
The curved rod lies in the x-y plane and has a radius r. If a force F
acts at its end as shown, determine the moment of this force about
point B.

31
HOMEWORK TUTORIAL (continued)
Q2 (4-40):
The force F acts at the end of the beam. Determine the moment of
the force about point A.

32
33

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy