1 

CHAPTER 13

2  SEISMIC DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

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3  13.1 GENERAL

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4  13.1.1 Scope

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5  This chapter establishes minimum design criteria for nonstructural components, including their

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6  supports and attachments.

7  Nonstructural components include

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1. Components that are in or supported by a structure,
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9  2. Components that are outside of a structure (except for nonbuilding structures within the
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10  scope of Chapter 15) and are permanently connected to the mechanical or electrical
11  systems, or
12  3. Components that are part of the egress system of a structure.
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13  Where the weight of a nonstructural component is greater than or equal to 20% of the combined
14  effective seismic weight, W , of the nonstructural component and the supporting structure as
defined in Section 12.7.2, the component shall be designed in accordance with Section 13.2.9.
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16  13.1.2 Seismic Design Category

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For the purposes of this chapter, nonstructural components shall be assigned to the same seismic
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18  design category as

19  1. The structure that they occupy or are supported by, or

20  2. The structure to which they are permanently connected by mechanical or electrical
21  systems, or
22  3. For parts of an egress system, the structure it serves.

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 1  If more than one of these criteria is applicable, the highest seismic Ddesign category shall be
2  used.

3 

4  13.1.3 Component Importance Factor

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5  All components shall be assigned a component Importance Factor as indicated in this section.

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6  The component Importance Factor, I p , shall be taken as 1.5 if any of the following conditions

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7  apply:

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8  1. The component is required to function for life-safety purposes after an earthquake,
9  including fire protection sprinkler systems and egress stairways.
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2. The component conveys, supports, or otherwise contains toxic, highly toxic, or explosive
substances where the quantity of the material exceeds a threshold quantity established by
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12  the Authority Having Jurisdiction and is sufficient to pose a threat to the public if
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13  released.
14  3. The component is in or supported by a Risk Category IV structure or permanently
15  connected by mechanical or electrical systems to a Risk Category IV structure, and the
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16  component is required for the continued operation of a structure designated an Essential
17  Facility, or its failure would impair the continued operation of a structure designated an
18  Essential Facility.
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19  4. The component conveys, supports, or otherwise contains hazardous substances and is
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20  attached to a structure or portion thereof classified by the Authority Having Jurisdiction
21  as a hazardous occupancy.
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22  All other components shall be assigned a component Importance Factor, I p , equal to 1.0.

23  13.1.4 Exemptions

24  The nonstructural components listed in Table 13.1-1 are exempt from the requirements of this
25  chapter.

26 

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1  Table 13.1-1. Nonstructural Components Exempt from the Requirements of This Chapter.

Seismic Nonstructural Components Exempt from the Requirements of this Chapter

Design
Category
(SDC)
All Categories  Furniture (except storage cabinets, as noted in Table 13.5-1)

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 Temporary components that remain in place for 180 days or less.
 Mobile units and equipment including components that are moved from one point in
the structure to another during ordinary use

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A  All components
B  Architectural Components, other than parapets, provided that the component

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Importance Factor, Ip, is equal to 1.0
 Mechanical and Electrical Components

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C  Mechanical and Electrical Components, provided that either
o the component Importance Factor, Ip, is equal to 1.0 and the component is
positively attached to the structure; or
o the component weighs 20 lb (89 N) or less
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that
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o For discrete mechanical and electrical components, the component weighs 400
lb (1,779 N) or less, the center of mass is located 4 ft (1.22 m) or less above
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the adjacent floor level, flexible connections are provided between the
component and associated ductwork, piping, and conduit, and the component
Importance Factor, Ip, is equal to 1.0; or
o For discrete mechanical and electrical components, the component weighs 20
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lb (89 N) or less; or
o For distribution systems, the component Importance Factor, Ip, is equal to 1.0
and the operating weight of the system is 5 lb/ft (73 N/m) or less.
 Distribution systems included in the exceptions for conduit, cable tray, and raceways in
Section 13.6.5, duct systems in 13.6.6, and piping and tubing systems in 13.6.7.3.
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Where in-line components, such as valves, in-line suspended pumps, and mixing
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boxes, require independent support, they shall be addressed as discrete components and
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shall be braced considering the tributary contribution of the attached distribution

system.
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3  Table 13.2-1. Applicable Requirements for Architectural, Mechanical, and Electrical

4  Components: Supports and Attachments.

Nonstructural Element General Design Force and Attachment Architectural Mechanical and
(i.e., Component, Support, Requirements Displacement Requirements Component Electrical
or Attachment) (Section 13.2) Requirements (Section 13.4) Requirements Component
(Section 13.3) (Section 13.5) Requirements
(Section 13.6)

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 Architectural components X X X X
and supports and
attachments for
architectural components
Mechanical and electrical X X X X
components
Supports and attachments X X X X
for mechanical and

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electrical components

1  Note: X=applicable requirements.

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2  13.1.5 Premanufactured Modular Mechanical and Electrical Systems

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3  Premanufactured mechanical and electrical modules 6 ft (1.8 m) high and taller that are not
4  otherwise prequalified in accordance with Chapter 13 and that contain or support mechanical and
electrical components shall be designed in accordance with the provisions for nonbuilding
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structures similar to buildings in Chapter 15. Nonstructural components contained or supported
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7  within modular systems shall be designed in accordance with Chapter 13.
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8  13.1.6 Application of Nonstructural Component Requirements to Nonbuilding Structures

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9  Nonbuilding structures (including storage racks and tanks) that are supported by other structures
10  shall be designed in accordance with Chapter 15. Where Section 15.3 requires that seismic forces
11  be determined in accordance with Chapter 13 and values for CAR and Rpo are not provided in
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12  Table 13.5-1 or 13.6-1, the term in Equation (13.3-1) shall be taken as equal to 2.5/R,
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where the value of R for the nonbuilding structure is obtained from Tables 15.4-1 or 15.4-2.
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15  Table 13.5-1. Coefficients for Architectural Components.

Architectural Component CAR Rpo Ωopa

Supported at or Supported above grade
below grade plane plane by a structure
Interior nonstructural walls and partitionsb
Light frame ≤ 9 ft (2.74 m) in height 1 1 1.5 2
Light frame > 9 ft (2.74 m) in height 1.4 1.4 1.5 2

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 Reinforced masonry 1 1 1.5 2
All other walls and partitions 2.2 2.8 1.5 1.5
Cantilever elements (unbraced or braced to structural frame
below its center of mass)
Parapets and cantilever interior nonstructural walls 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
Chimneys where laterally braced or supported by the 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75

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structural frame
Cantilever elements (braced to structural frame above its
center of mass)

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Parapets 1 1 1.5 2
Chimneys 1 1 1.5 2

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b
Exterior nonstructural walls 1 1 1.5 2

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b
Exterior nonstructural wall elements and connections
Wall element 1 1 1.5 2
Body of wall panel connections 1 1 1.5 2
Fasteners of the connecting system 2.2 2.8 1.5 1
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Limited-deformability elements and attachments 1 1 1.5 2
Low-deformability elements and attachments 1 1 1.5 2
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Penthouses (except where framed by an extension of the

building frame)
Seismic force-resisting systems with R ≥ 6 N/A 1.4 2 2
Seismic force-resisting systems with 4 ≤ R < 6 N/A 2.2 2 1.75
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Seismic force-resisting systems with R < 4 N/A 2.8 2 1.5

Other systems N/A 2.8 1.5 1.5
Ceilings
All 1 1 1.5 2
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Cabinets
Permanent floor-supported storage cabinets more than 6 ft 1 1 1.5 2
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(1.8 m) tall, including contents

Permanent floor-supported library shelving, book stacks, 1 1 1.5 2
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and bookshelves more than 6 ft (1.8 m) tall, including

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contents
Laboratory equipment 1 1 1.5 2
Access floors
Special access floors (designed in accordance with 1 1 2 2
Section 13.5.7.2)
All other 2.2 2.8 1.5 1.5
Appendages and ornamentations 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
Signs and billboards 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
Other rigid components 1 1 1.5 2

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 Other flexible components
High-deformability elements and attachments 1.4 1.4 1.5 2
Limited-deformability elements and attachments 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
Low-deformability materials and attachments 2.2 2.8 1.5 1.5
Egress stairways not part of the building seismic force- 1 1 1.5 2
resisting system

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Egress stairs and ramp fasteners and attachments 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
a
1  Overstrength factor, where required for nonductile anchorage to concrete and masonry (see
2  Section 13.4.2).

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b
3  Where flexible diaphragms provide lateral support for concrete or masonry walls and partitions,
the design forces for anchorage to the diaphragm shall be as specified in Section 12.11.2.

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5  Note: N/A = not applicable.

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13.1.7 Reference Documents
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7  Where a reference document provides a basis for the earthquake-resistant design of a particular
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8  type of nonstructural component, that document is permitted to be used, subject to the approval
9  of the Authority Having Jurisdiction and the following conditions:
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10  1. The design earthquake forces shall not be less than those determined in accordance with
11  Section 13.3.1.
12  2. Each nonstructural component’s seismic interactions with all other connected
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13  components and with the supporting structure shall be accounted for in the design. The
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14  component shall accommodate drifts, deflections, and relative displacements determined
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15  in accordance with the applicable seismic requirements of this standard.

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16  3. Nonstructural component anchorage requirements shall not be less than those specified in
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17  Section 13.4.

18  13.1.8 Reference Documents Using Allowable Stress Design

19  Where a reference document provides a basis for the earthquake-resistant design of a particular
20  type of component, and the same reference document defines acceptance criteria in terms of
21  allowable stresses rather than strengths, that reference document is permitted to be used. The

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 1  allowable stress load combination shall consider dead, live, operating, and earthquake loads in
2  addition to those in the reference document. The earthquake loads determined in accordance with
3  Section 13.3.1 shall be multiplied by a factor of 0.7. The allowable stress design load
4  combinations of Section 2.4 need not be used. The component shall also accommodate the
5  relative displacements specified in Section 13.3.2.

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6  13.2 GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

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7  13.2.1 Applicable Requirements for Architectural, Mechanical, and Electrical Components,

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8  Supports, and Attachments

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9  Architectural, mechanical, and electrical components, supports, and attachments shall comply
10  with the sections referenced in Table 13.2-1. These requirements shall be satisfied by one of the
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following methods:
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12  1. Project-specific design and documentation submitted for approval to the Authority
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13  Having Jurisdiction after review and acceptance by a registered design professional; or
14  2. Submittal of the manufacturer’s certification that the component is seismically qualified
15  by at least one of the following:
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16  (a) Analysis, or

17  (b) Testing in accordance with the alternative set forth in Section 13.2.6, or
18  (c) Experience data in accordance with the alternative set forth in Section 13.2.7.
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20  13.2.2 Load Combinations

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21  Nonstructural components, including their supports and attachments, covered by this chapter and
22  not otherwise exempt by Section 13.1.8 shall comply with Section 1.3, including consideration
23  of load combinations of either Section 2.3 or 2.4, as appropriate. For the purposes of combining
24  load effects, Fp shall be used per Section 12.4.2.1, and horizontal seismic design forces including
25  overstrength shall be used per Section 12.4.3.1.

26  13.2.3 Special Certification Requirements for Designated Seismic Systems

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 1  Certifications shall be provided for designated seismic systems assigned to Seismic Design
2  Categories C through F as follows:

3  1. Active mechanical and electrical equipment that must remain operable following the
4  design earthquake ground motion shall be certified by the manufacturer as operable

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5  whereby active parts or energized components shall be certified exclusively on the basis
6  of approved shake table testing in accordance with Section 13.2.6 or experience data in

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7  accordance with Section 13.2.7, unless it can be shown that the component is inherently
rugged by comparison with similar seismically qualified components. Evidence

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9  demonstrating compliance with this requirement shall be submitted for approval to the

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10  Authority Having Jurisdiction after review and acceptance by a registered design
11  professional.

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2. Components with hazardous substances and assigned a component Importance Factor, I p
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13  , of 1.5 in accordance with Section 13.1.3 shall be certified by the manufacturer as
maintaining containment following the design earthquake ground motion by (a) analysis,
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15  (b) approved shake table testing in accordance with Section 13.2.6, or (c) experience data
16  in accordance with Section 13.2.7. Evidence demonstrating compliance with this
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17  requirement shall be submitted for approval to the Authority Having Jurisdiction after
18  review and acceptance by a registered design professional.
19  3. Certification of components through analysis shall be limited to nonactive components
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20  and shall be based on seismic demand considering = 2.5. The value of Rμ shall be
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21  taken as 1.3 for components located above the grade plane.
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EXCEPTION: If the period of the component, Tp, is less than or equal to 0.06 s, may
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22 

23  be taken as 1.0. 

24  13.2.4 Consequential Damage

25  The functional and physical interrelationship of components, their supports, and their effect on
26  each other shall be considered so that the failure of an essential or nonessential architectural,
27  mechanical, or electrical component shall not cause the failure of an essential architectural,

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 1  mechanical, or electrical component. Where not otherwise established by analysis or test,
2  required clearances for sprinkler system drops and sprigs shall not be less than those specified in
3  Section 13.2.4.1.

4  13.2.4.1 Clearances between Equipment, Distribution Systems, Supports, and Sprinkler

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5  System Drops and Sprigs

6  The installed clearance between any sprinkler drop or sprig and the following items shall be at

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7  least 3 in. (76 mm) in all directions:

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1. Permanently attached equipment, including its structural supports and bracing; and

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9  2. Other distribution systems, including their structural supports and bracing.
10  EXCEPTION: Sprinklers installed using flexible sprinkler hose need not meet the installed
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clearance requirement of this section.
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12  13.2.5 Flexibility
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13  The design and evaluation of components, their supports, and their attachments shall consider
14  their flexibility and their strength.
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15  13.2.6 Testing Alternative for Seismic Capacity Determination

16  As an alternative to the analytical requirements of Sections 13.2 through 13.6, testing shall be
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deemed an acceptable method to determine the seismic capacity of components and their
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supports and attachments. Seismic qualification by testing based on a nationally recognized
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19  testing standard procedure, such as ICC-ES AC 156, acceptable to the Authority Having
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20  Jurisdiction shall be deemed to satisfy the design and evaluation requirements provided that the
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21  substantiated seismic capacities equal or exceed the seismic demands determined in accordance
22  with Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2. For the testing alternative, the maximum seismic demand

23  determined in accordance with Equation (13.3-2) is not required to exceed 3.2I pWp .

24  13.2.7 Experience Data Alternative for Seismic Capacity Determination

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 1  As an alternative to the analytical requirements of Sections 13.2 through 13.6, use of experience
2  data shall be deemed an acceptable method to determine the seismic capacity of components and
3  their supports and attachments. Seismic qualification by experience data based on nationally
4  recognized procedures acceptable to the Authority Having Jurisdiction shall be deemed to satisfy
5  the design and evaluation requirements provided that the substantiated seismic capacities equal

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6  or exceed the seismic demands determined in accordance with Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2.

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7  13.2.8 Construction Documents

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8  Where design of nonstructural components or their supports and attachments is required by

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9  Table 13.2-1, such design shall be shown in construction documents prepared by a registered
10  design professional for use by the owner, Authorities Having Jurisdiction, contractors, and
11  inspectors.
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12  13.2.9 Supported Nonstructural Components with Greater than or Equal to 20%
Combined Weight
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13 

14  For the condition where the weight of a nonstructural component is equal to or greater than 20%
15  of the combined effective seismic weight, W, of the nonstructural component and the supporting
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16  structure, an analysis combining the structural characteristics of both the nonstructural
17  component and the supporting structure shall be performed to determine the seismic design
18  forces. The nonstructural component and the supporting structure shall be designed for forces
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19  and displacements determined in accordance with Chapter 12 or Section 15.5, as appropriate,
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20  with the R value of the combined system taken as the lesser of the value of 0.40 of the
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21  nonstructural component or the R value of the supporting structure. The nonstructural component
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22  and attachments shall be designed for the forces and displacements resulting from the combined
23  analysis. Design criteria for the nonstructural component shall otherwise be in accordance with
24  this chapter.

25  EXCEPTION: Where the ratio of the fundamental period of the nonstructural component and
26  its attachment (to the structure) to the fundamental period of the supporting structure (including
27  the lumped weight of the nonstructural component) is less than 0.5 or greater than 2.0, the

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 1  supporting structure is permitted to be designed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter
2  12 or Section 15.5, as appropriate. The supported nonstructural component shall follow the
3  requirements of Chapter 13 as if the weight of the nonstructural component were less than 20%
4  of the combined effective seismic weight, W, of the nonstructural component and supporting
5  structure.

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6  13.3 SEISMIC DEMANDS ON NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENTS

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7  13.3.1 Horizontal Seismic Design Forces

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8  The horizontal seismic design force,  Fp , shall be applied at the component’s center of gravity

9  and distributed relative to the component’s mass distribution. The redundancy factor, ρ, is
10  permitted to be taken as equal to 1.
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11  The directions of Fp used shall be those that produce the most critical load effects on the
component, the component supports, and attachments. Alternatively, it is permitted to use the
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12 
13  more severe of the following two load cases:

14   Case 1: A combination of 100% of Fp in any one horizontal direction and 30% of Fp
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15  in a perpendicular horizontal direction applied simultaneously.

16   Case 2: The combination from Case 1 rotated 90 degrees.
17  The horizontal seismic design force shall be calculated as
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18  𝐹 0.4𝑆 𝐼 𝑊 (13.3-1)

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Fp
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is not required to be taken as greater than

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19 

20  Fp = 1.6SDSIpWp (13.3-2)

21  and shall not be taken as less than

22  Fp = 0.3SDSIpWp (13.3-3)

23  where

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 Fp
1  = Seismic design force;

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2  = Spectral acceleration, short period, as determined in accordance with Section 11.4.5;

Ip
3  = Component Importance Factor as determined in accordance with Section 13.1.3;

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Wp
4  = Component operating weight;

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5  Hf = Factor for force amplification as a function of height in the structure as determined in

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6  Section 13.3.1.1;

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7  Rμ = Structure ductility reduction factor as determined in Section 13.3.1.2;

8  CAR = Component resonance ductility factor that converts the peak floor or ground acceleration
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into the peak component acceleration, as determined in Section 13.3.1.3; and
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Rpo = Component strength factor as determined in Section 13.3.1.4.
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10 

11  13.3.1.1 Amplification with Height, Hf

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12  For nonstructural components supported at or below grade plane, the factor for force
13  amplification with height, Hf, is 1.0. For components supported above grade plane by a building
14  or nonbuilding structure, Hf is permitted to be determined by Equation (13.3-4) or Equation
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15  (13.3-5). Where the approximate fundamental period of the supporting building or nonbuilding
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16  structure is unknown, Hf is permitted to be determined by Equation (13.3-5).

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17  𝐻 1 𝑎 𝑎 (13.3-4)
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18  𝐻 1 2.5 (13.3-5)

19  where

20  𝑎 2.5;

21  𝑎 1 0.4⁄𝑇 0;

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 1  z = Height above the base of the structure to the point of attachment of the component. For items
2  at or below the base, z shall be taken as 0. The value of need not exceed 1.0;

3  h = Average roof height of structure with respect to the base; and

Ta = Lowest approximate fundamental period of the supporting building or nonbuilding structure

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4 
5  in either orthogonal direction. For structures with combinations of seismic force-resisting
6  systems (SFRSs), the SFRS that produces the lowest value of Ta shall be used.

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7  For the purposes of computing Hf, Ta is determined using Equation (12.8-7) for buildings. Where
the SFRS is unknown, Ta is permitted to be determined by Equation (12.8-7) using the

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9  approximate period parameters for “all other structures.”

10  For nonbuilding structures, Ta is permitted to be taken as

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(a) The period of the nonbuilding structure, T, determined using the structural properties and
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12  deformation characteristics of the resisting elements in a properly substantiated analysis
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13  as indicated in Section 12.8.2; or

14  (b) The period of the nonbuilding structure, T, determined using Equation (15.4-6); or
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15  (c) The period Ta determined by Equation (12.8-7), using the approximate period parameters
16  for “all other structures.”
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17  13.3.1.2 Structure Ductility Reduction Factor, Rµ

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18  For components supported by a building or nonbuilding structure, the reduction factor for
19  ductility of the supporting structure, Rµ, is calculated as
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20  Rµ = [1.1R/(IeΩ0)]1/2 ≥ 1.3 (13.3-6)

21  where

22  Ie = Importance Factor as prescribed in Section 11.5.1 for the building or nonbuilding structure
23  supporting the component;

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 1  R = Response modification factor for the building or nonbuilding structure supporting the
2  component, from Table 12.2-1, Table 15.4-1, or Table 15.4-2; and

3  Ω0 = Overstrength factor for the building or nonbuilding structure supporting the component,
4  from Table 12.2-1, Table 15.4-1, or Table 15.4-2.

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5  For components supported at or below grade plane, Rµ shall be taken as 1.0. When the SFRS of
6  the building or nonbuilding structure is not specified, Rµ shall be taken as 1.3 for components

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7  above grade plane. When the SFRS of the building or nonbuilding structure is not listed in Table

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8  12.2-1, Table 15.4-1, or Table 15.4-2, Rµ shall be taken as 1.3 for components above grade plane,

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9  unless seismic design parameters for the SFRS have been approved by the Authority Having
10  Jurisdiction.

11  If the building or nonbuilding structure supporting the component contains combinations of
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SFRSs in different directions, or vertical combinations of SFRSs, the structure ductility reduction
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13  factor for the entire structure shall be based on the SFRS that produces the lowest value of Rµ.
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14  Where a nonbuilding structure type listed in Table 15.4-1 has multiple entries based on
15  permissible height increases, the value of Rµ is permitted to be determined using values of R and
16  Ω0 for the “with permitted height increase” entry.
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17  13.3.1.3 Component Resonance Ductility Factor, CAR

18  Components shall be assigned a component resonance ductility factor, CAR, based on whether the
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19  component is supported at or below grade plane, or is supported above grade plane by a building
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20  or nonbuilding structure. Components that are in or supported by a building or nonbuilding

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21  structure and are at or below grade plane are considered supported at or below grade. All other
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22  components in or supported by a building or nonbuilding structure are considered supported

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23  above grade.

24  Architectural components shall be assigned a component resonance ductility factor in Table
25  13.5-1.

26  Mechanical and electrical equipment shall be assigned a component resonance ductility factor in
27  Table 13.6-1. The component resonance ductility factor for mechanical and electrical equipment

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 1  mounted on the equipment support structures or platforms shall not be less than the component
2  resonance ductility factor used for the equipment support structure or platform itself.

3  The component resonance ductility factor for equipment support structures or platforms shall be
4  determined in accordance with Section 13.6.4.6. The weight of supported mechanical and

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5  electrical components shall be included when calculating the component operating weight, Wp, of
6  equipment support structures or platforms.

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7  Distribution systems shall be assigned component resonance ductility factors in Table 13.6-1, to

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8  be used for the design of the distribution system itself (e.g., the piping, ducts, and raceways). The

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9  component resonance ductility factor for distribution system supports shall be determined in
10  accordance with Section 13.6.4.7

11  13.3.1.4 Component Strength, Rpo

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12  The component strength factor, Rpo, for nonstructural components is given in Table 13.5-1 or
13  13.6-1.
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14  13.3.1.5 Nonlinear Response History Analysis

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15  In lieu of the forces determined in accordance with Equation (13.3-1), the nonlinear response
16  history analysis procedures of Chapters 16, 17, and 18 may be used to determine the seismic
17  design force for nonstructural components. Where the dynamic properties of the nonstructural
component are not explicitly modeled in the nonlinear response history analysis, the seismic
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19  design force, Fp, shall be calculated as

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20  𝐹 𝐼 𝑊𝑎 (13.3-7)
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21  where ai is the maximum acceleration at level i obtained from the nonlinear response history
22  analysis at the Design Earthquake ground motion. When ai is determined using nonlinear
23  response history analysis, a suite of not less than seven ground motions shall be used. If the
24  supporting structure is designed using nonlinear response history analysis, the entire suite of
25  ground motions used to design the structure shall be used to determine ai. The value of the
26  parameter ai shall be taken as the mean of the maximum values of acceleration at the center of

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 1  mass of the support level, obtained from each analysis. The upper and lower limits of Fp
2  determined by Equations (13.3-2) and (13.3-3) shall apply.

3  13.3.1.6 Vertical Seismic Force

4  The component, including its supports and attachments, shall be designed for a concurrent

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5  vertical seismic design force equal to Ev per Section 12.4.2.2.

EXCEPTION: The concurrent vertical seismic force need not be considered for lay-in access

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6 
7  floor panels and lay-in ceiling panels.

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or T D
8  13.3.1.7 Nonseismic Loads

9  Where nonseismic loads on nonstructural components exceed Fp, such loads shall govern the
10  strength design, but the detailing requirements and limitations prescribed in this chapter shall
11  apply. se N
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12  13.3.2 Seismic Relative Displacements

13  The effects of seismic relative displacements shall be considered in combination with

displacements caused by other loads as appropriate. Seismic relative displacements, DpI , shall
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14 

15  be calculated as

DpI  Dp Ie
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16  (13.3-8)
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17  where I e is the Importance Factor in Section 11.5.1, and Dp is the displacement determined in
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18  accordance with the equations set forth in Sections 13.3.2.1 and 13.3.2.2.
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19  13.3.2.1 Displacements within Structures

20  For two connection points on the same structure A or the same structural system, one at a height

21  hx and the other at a height hy , Dp shall be determined as

22  Dp = xA – yA (13.3-9)

16
 1  where

2  Dp = Relative seismic displacement the component must be designed to accommodate;

3  xA = Deflection at building level x of structure A, determined in accordance with Equation (12.8-
4  15); and

FT
5  yA = Deflection at building level y of structure A, determined in accordance with Equation (12.8-

ite A
6  15).

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7  Alternatively, Dp is permitted to be determined using the linear dynamic procedures described in

or T D
8  Section 12.9. For structures in which the story drift associated with the Design Earthquake

9  Displacement does not exceed the allowable story drift as defined in Table 12.12-1,  Dp is not

10 
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required to be taken as greater than
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( hx  hy )Δ aA
11  Dp  (13.3-10)
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hsx

12  where aA is the allowable story drift for structure A as designed in Table 12.12-1, and hsx is the
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13  story height used in the definition of the allowable drift, a, in Table 12.12-1.

14  Where single-story structures are designed in accordance with note c of Table 12.12-1, Equation
15  (13.3-10) shall not apply.
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16  13.3.2.2 Displacements between Structures

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17  For two connection points on separate structures A and B or separate structural systems, one at a
D
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18  height hx and the other at a height hy , Dp shall be determined as

19  Dp | xA |  |  yB | (13.3-11)

20  For structures in which the story drifts associated with the Design Earthquake Displacement does
21  not exceed the allowable story drift as defined in Table 12.12-1, is not required to be taken as
22  greater than

17
 hx Δ aA hy Δ aB
1  Dp   (13.3-12)
hsx hsx

2  Where single-story structures are designed in accordance with note c of Table 12.12-1, Equation
3  (13.3-12) shall not apply.

FT
4  where

ite A
5  Dp = Relative seismic displacement the component must be designed to accommodate;

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6  xA = Deflection at building level x of structure A at the Design Earthquake Displacement;

or T D
7  determined in accordance with Equation (12.8-15);

8   yA = Deflection at building level y of structure A at the Design Earthquake

9 
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Displacement;determined in accordance with Equation (12.8-15);
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 yB = Deflection at building level y of structure B at the Design Earthquake Displacement;
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10 

11  determined in accordance with Equation (12.8-15);

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12  hx = Height of level x to which upper connection point is attached;

13  hy = Height of level y to which lower connection point is attached;

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14  ΔaA = Allowable story drift for structure A as defined in Table 12.12-1;
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15  ΔaB = Allowable story drift for structure B as defined in Table 12.12-1; and
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16  hsx = Story height used in the definition of allowable drift, Δa , in Table 12.12-1. Note that

17  Δa / hsx is the drift index.

18  The effects of seismic relative displacements shall be considered in combination with
19  displacements caused by other loads as appropriate.

20  13.3.3 Component Period

18
 1  The fundamental period, Tp , of the nonstructural component, including its supports and

2  attachment to the structure, shall be determined by the following equation, provided the
3  component, supports, and attachment can be reasonably represented analytically by a simple
4  single-degree-of-freedom spring-and-mass system:

FT
Wp
Tp  2π
Kp g

ite A
5  (13.3-13)

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6  where

or T D
7  Tp = Component fundamental period,

8 
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Wp = Component operating weight,
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9  g = Gravitational acceleration; and
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10  Kp = Combined stiffness of the component, supports, and attachments, determined in terms of
11  load per unit deflection at the center of gravity of the component.
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12  Alternatively, the fundamental period of the component, Tp , in seconds is permitted to be

13  determined from experimental test data or by a properly substantiated analysis.

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14  13.4 NONSTRUCTURAL COMPONENT ANCHORAGE AND ATTACHMENT

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15  Nonstructural components and their supports shall be attached (or anchored) to the structure in
D

accordance with the requirements of this section, and the attachment shall satisfy the
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16 
17  requirements for the parent material as set forth elsewhere in this standard.

18  Except where permitted in Section 13.6.12, component attachments shall be bolted, welded, or
19  otherwise positively fastened without consideration of frictional resistance produced by the
20  effects of gravity. A continuous load path of sufficient strength and stiffness between the
21  component and the supporting structure shall be provided. Local elements of the structure,
22  including connections, shall be designed and constructed for the component forces where they

19
 1  control the design of the elements or their connections. The component forces shall be those
2  determined in Section 13.3.1. The design documents shall include sufficient information relating
3  to the attachments to verify compliance with the requirements of this section.

4  13.4.1 Design Force in the Attachment

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5  The force in the attachment shall be determined based on the prescribed forces and
6  displacements for the component as determined in Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2.

ite A
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7  13.4.2 Anchors in Concrete or Masonry

or T D
8  When it is required to apply the seismic load effects including overstrength in Section 12.4.3, Ω0
9  shall be taken as the anchorage overstrength factor, Ω0p, given in Tables 13.5-1 and 13.6-1.

10  se N
13.4.2.1 Anchors in Concrete
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11  Anchors in concrete shall be designed in accordance with Chapter 17 of ACI 318.

12  13.4.2.2 Anchors in Masonry

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13  Anchors in masonry shall be designed in accordance with TMS 402. Anchors shall be designed
14  to be governed by the tensile or shear strength of a ductile steel element.

EXCEPTION: Anchors shall be permitted to be designed so that either

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15 
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16  1. The support or component that the anchor is connecting to the structure undergoes ductile
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17  yielding at a load level corresponding to anchor forces not greater than the design
D

18  strength of the anchors, or

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19  2. The anchors shall be designed to resist the load combinations in accordance with
20  Section 13.2.2, including Ω0p as given in Tables 13.5-1 and 13.6-1.

21  13.4.2.3 Post-Installed Anchors in Concrete and Masonry

22  Post-installed anchors in concrete shall be prequalified for seismic applications in accordance
23  with ACI 355.2 or other approved qualification procedures. Post-installed anchors in masonry

20
 1  shall be prequalified for seismic applications in accordance with approved qualification
2  procedures.

3  13.4.3 Installation Conditions

Determination of forces in attachments shall take into account the expected conditions of

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4 
5  installation, including eccentricities and prying effects.

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6  13.4.4 Multiple Attachments

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7  Determination of force distribution of multiple attachments at one location shall take into

or T D
8  account the stiffness and ductility of the component, component supports, attachments, and
9  structure, and the ability to redistribute loads to other attachments in the group. Designs of
10 
11 
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anchorage in concrete in accordance with Chapter 17 of ACI 318 shall be considered to satisfy
this requirement.
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12  13.4.5 Power-Actuated Fasteners

13  Power-actuated fasteners in concrete or steel shall not be used for sustained tension loads or for
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14  brace applications in Seismic Design Category D, E, or F unless approved for seismic loading.
15  Power-actuated fasteners in masonry are not permitted unless approved for seismic loading.

16  EXCEPTIONS:
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17  1. Power-actuated fasteners in concrete used for support of acoustical tile or lay-in panel
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18  suspended ceiling applications and distributed systems where the service load on any
19  individual fastener does not exceed 90 lb (400 N), and
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20  2. Power-actuated fasteners in steel where the service load on any individual fastener does
21  not exceed 250 lb (1,112 N).

22  13.4.6 Friction Clips

23  Friction clips in Seismic Design Category D, E, or F shall not be used for supporting permanent
24  loads in addition to resisting seismic forces. C-type beam and large flange clamps are permitted
25  for hangers, provided they are equipped with restraining straps equivalent to those specified in

21
 1  NFPA 13, Section 9.3.7. Lock nuts or equivalent shall be provided to prevent loosening of
2  threaded connections.

3  13.5 ARCHITECTURAL COMPONENTS

13.5.1 General. Architectural components, and their supports and attachments, shall satisfy the

FT
4 
5  requirements of this section. Appropriate coefficients shall be selected from Table 13.5-1.

ite A
6  EXCEPTION: Components supported by chains or otherwise suspended from the structure are

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7  not required to satisfy the seismic force and relative displacement requirements, provided they

or T D
8  meet all of the following criteria:

9  1. The design load for such items shall be equal to 1.4 times the operating weight acting
10  down with a simultaneous horizontal load equal to 1.4 times the operating weight. The
11  se N
horizontal load shall be applied in the direction that results in the most critical loading for
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12  design.
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13  2. Seismic interaction effects shall be considered in accordance with Section 13.2.4.
14  3. The connection to the structure shall allow a 360-degree range of motion in the horizontal
15  plane.
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16  13.5.2 Forces and Displacements

All architectural components, and their supports and attachments, shall be designed for the
IC

17 
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18  seismic forces defined in Section 13.3.1.

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19  Architectural components that could pose a life-safety hazard shall be designed to accommodate
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20  the seismic relative displacement requirements of Section 13.3.2. Architectural components shall
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21  be designed considering vertical deflection caused by joint rotation of cantilever structural
22  members.

23  13.5.3 Exterior Nonstructural Wall Elements and Connections

24  Exterior nonstructural wall panels or elements that are attached to or enclose the structure shall
25  be designed to accommodate the seismic relative displacements defined in Section 13.3.2 and

22
 1  movements caused by temperature changes. Such elements shall be supported by means of
2  positive and direct structural supports or by mechanical connections and fasteners in accordance
3  with the following requirements:

4  1. Connections and panel joints shall allow for the story drift caused by relative seismic

FT
5  displacements, DpI , determined in Section 13.3.2, or 0.5 in. (13 mm), whichever is

6  greater.

ite A
7  2. Connections accommodating story drift through sliding mechanisms or bending of

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8  threaded steel rods shall satisfy all of the following.
(a) Threaded rods or bolts shall be fabricated of low-carbon or stainless steel. Where

or T D
9 
10  cold-worked carbon steel threaded rods are used, the rods as fabricated shall meet
11  or exceed the reduction of area, elongation, and tensile strength requirements of
12 
se N ASTM F1554, Grade 36. Grade 55 rods shall also be permitted provided they
meet the requirements of Supplement 1; and
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13 
14  (b) Where threaded rods connecting the panel to the supports are used in connections
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15  using slotted or oversize holes, the rods shall have length-to-diameter ratios of 4
16  or less, where the length is the clear distance between the nuts or threaded plates.
The slots or oversized holes shall be proportioned to accommodate the full in-
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17 
18  plane design story drift in each direction, the nuts shall be installed finger-tight,
19  and a positive means to prevent the nut from backing off shall be used; and
(c) Connections that accommodate story drift by bending of threaded rods shall
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20 
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21  satisfy
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22  (L/d)/Dpl ≥ 6.0 (1/in.) (13.5-1)

23  (L/d)/Dpl ≥ 0.24 (1/mm) (13.5-1.SI)
D
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24  where
25  L = Clear length of rod between nuts or threaded plates [in. (mm)],
26  d = Rod diameter [in. (mm)], and

27  DpI = Relative seismic displacement the connection must be designed to

28  accommodate [in. (mm)].
29  3. The connecting member itself shall have sufficient ductility and rotation capacity to
30  preclude fracture of the concrete or brittle failures at or near welds.

23
 1  4. All fasteners in the connecting system, such as bolts, inserts, welds, and dowels, and the

2  body of the connectors, shall be designed for the force, Fp , determined by Section 13.3.1

3  using the applicable design coefficients taken from Table 13.5-1, applied at the center of
4  mass of the panel. The connecting system shall include both the connections between the
wall panels or elements and the structure, and the interconnections between wall panels

FT
5 
6  or elements.
7  5. Where anchorage is achieved using flat straps embedded in concrete or masonry, such

ite A
8  straps shall be attached to or hooked around reinforcing steel or otherwise terminated so

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9  as to effectively transfer forces to the reinforcing steel or to ensure that pullout of

or T D
10  anchorage is not the initial failure mechanism.

11  13.5.4 Glass

12 
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Glass in glazed curtain walls and storefronts shall be designed and installed to accommodate
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13  without breakage or dislodgement the relative-displacement requirement of Section 13.5.9.
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14  Where glass is secured to the window system framing by means of structural sealant glazing, the
15  requirements contained in the reference standards listed in Table 13.5-2 shall also apply.
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16 

17  Table 13.5-2. Reference Standards for Structural Sealant Glazing.

IC
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ASTM C1087, Test Method for Determining Compatibility of Liquid-Applied Sealants with Accessories Used in
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Structural Glazing Systems

ASTM C1135, Test Method for Determining Tensile Adhesion Properties of Structural Sealants
D

ASTM C1184, Specification for Structural Silicone Sealants

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ASTM C1265, Test Method for Determining the Tensile Properties of an Insulating Glass Edge Seal for Structural
Glazing Applications
ASTM C1294, Test Method for Compatibility of Insulating Glass Edge Sealants with Liquid-Applied Glazing
Materials
ASTM C1369, Specification for Secondary Edge Sealants for Structurally Glazed Insulating Glass Units

18 

19  13.5.5 Out-of-Plane Bending

24
 1  Transverse or out-of-plane bending or deformation of a component or system that is subjected to
2  forces as determined in Section 13.5.2 shall not exceed the deflection capability of the
3  component or system.

4  13.5.6 Suspended Ceilings

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5  Suspended ceilings shall be in accordance with this section.

ite A
6  EXCEPTIONS:

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7  1. Suspended ceilings with areas less than or equal to 144 ft2 (13.4 m2) that are surrounded

or T D
8  by walls or soffits that are laterally braced to the structure above are exempt from the
9  requirements of this section.
10  2. Suspended ceilings constructed of screw- or nail-attached gypsum board on one level that
11  se N
are surrounded by and connected to walls or soffits that are laterally braced to the
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12  structure above are exempt from the requirements of this section.
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13  13.5.6.1 Seismic Forces

The weight of the ceiling, Wp , shall include the ceiling grid; ceiling tiles or panels; light fixtures
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14 

15  if attached to, clipped to, or laterally supported by the ceiling grid; and other components that are

16  laterally supported by the ceiling. Wp shall be taken as not less than 4 lb/ft2 (192 N/m2).
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17  The seismic force, Fp , shall be transmitted through the ceiling attachments to the building
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18  structural elements or the ceiling–structure boundary.

D
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19  13.5.6.2 Industry Standard Construction for Acoustical Tile or Lay-In Panel Ceilings

20  Unless designed in accordance with Section 13.5.6.3, or seismically qualified in accordance
21  with Section 13.2.6 or 13.2.7, acoustical tile or lay-in panel ceilings shall be designed and
22  constructed in accordance with this section.

25
 1  13.5.6.2.1 Seismic Design Category C. Acoustical tile or lay-in panel ceilings in structures
2  assigned to Seismic Design Category C shall be designed and installed in accordance with
3  ASTM C635, ASTM C636, and ASTM E580, Section 4, Seismic Design Category C.

4  13.5.6.2.2 Seismic Design Categories D through F. Acoustical tile or lay-in panel ceilings in

FT
5  structures assigned to Seismic Design Categories D, E, and F shall be designed and installed in
6  accordance with ASTM C635, ASTM C636, and ASTM E580, Section 5, Seismic Design
Categories D, E, and F, as modified by this section.

ite A
7 

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8  Acoustical tile or lay-in panel ceilings shall also comply with the following:

or T D
9  (a) The width of the perimeter supporting closure angle or channel shall be not less
10  than 2.0 in. (50 mm), unless qualified perimeter supporting clips are used. Closure
11  angles or channels shall be screwed or otherwise positively attached to wall studs or
12  se N
other supporting structures. Perimeter supporting clips shall be qualified in
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13  accordance with approved test criteria per Section 13.2.6. Perimeter supporting clips
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14  shall be attached to the supporting closure angle or channel with a minimum of two
15  screws per clip and shall be installed around the entire ceiling perimeter. In each
16  orthogonal horizontal direction, one end of the ceiling grid shall be attached to the
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17  closure angle, channel, or perimeter supporting clip. The other end of the ceiling grid
18  in each horizontal direction shall have a minimum 0.75 in. (19 mm) clearance from
19  the wall and shall rest on and be free to slide on a closure angle, channel, or perimeter
IC

20  supporting clip.

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21  (b) For ceiling areas exceeding 2,500 ft2 (232 m2), a seismic separation joint or full-
22  height partition that breaks the ceiling up into areas not exceeding 2,500 ft2 (232 m2),
D
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23  each with a ratio of the long to short dimension less than or equal to 4, shall be
24  provided, unless structural analyses are performed of the ceiling bracing system for
25  the prescribed seismic forces which demonstrate that ceiling penetrations and closure
26  angles or channels provide sufficient clearance to accommodate the anticipated lateral
27  displacement. Each area shall be provided with closure angles or channels in
28  accordance with Section 13.5.6.2.2.a and horizontal restraints or bracing.

29  13.5.6.3 Integral Construction

26
 1  As an alternative to providing large clearances around sprinkler system penetrations through
2  ceilings, the sprinkler system and ceiling grid are permitted to be designed and tied together as
3  an integral unit. Such a design shall consider the mass and flexibility of all elements involved,
4  including the ceiling, sprinkler system, light fixtures, and mechanical (HVACR) appurtenances.
5  Such design shall be performed by a registered design professional.

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6  13.5.7 Access Floors

ite A
7  13.5.7.1 General

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or T D
8  The weight of the access floor, Wp , shall include the weight of the floor system, 100% of the

9  weight of all equipment fastened to the floor, and 25% of the weight of all equipment supported

10  by but not fastened to the floor. The seismic force, Fp , shall be transmitted from the top surface

11 
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of the access floor to the supporting structure.
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12  Overturning effects of equipment fastened to the access floor panels also shall be considered.
13  The ability of “slip on” heads for pedestals shall be evaluated for suitability to transfer
14  overturning effects of equipment.
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15  Where checking individual pedestals for overturning effects, the maximum concurrent axial load

16  shall not exceed the portion of Wp assigned to the pedestal under consideration.
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17  13.5.7.2 Special Access Floors

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18  Access floors shall be considered to be “special access floors” if they are designed to comply
D

19  with the following considerations:

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20  1. Connections transmitting seismic loads consist of mechanical fasteners, anchors

21  satisfying the requirements of Chapter 17 of ACI 318, welding, or bearing. Design load
22  capacities comply with recognized design codes and/or certified test results.
23  2. Seismic loads are not transmitted by friction, power-actuated fasteners, adhesives, or by
24  friction produced solely by the effects of gravity.

27
 1  3. The design analysis of the bracing system includes the destabilizing effects of individual
2  members buckling in compression.
3  4. Bracing and pedestals are of structural or mechanical shapes produced to ASTM
4  specifications that specify minimum mechanical properties. Electrical tubing shall not be
5  used.

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6  5. Floor stringers are used that are designed to carry axial seismic loads and that are
7  mechanically fastened to the supporting pedestals.

ite A
13.5.8 Partitions

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8 

or T D
9  13.5.8.1 General

10  Partitions that are tied to the ceiling, and all partitions greater than 6 ft (1.8 m) high, shall be
11 
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laterally braced to the building structure. Such bracing shall be independent of any ceiling lateral
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12  force bracing. Bracing shall be spaced to limit horizontal deflection at the partition head, to be
compatible with ceiling deflection requirements as determined in Section 13.5.6 for suspended
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13 
14  ceilings and elsewhere in this section for other systems.

15  EXCEPTION: Partitions that meet all of the following conditions:

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16  1. The partition height does not exceed 9 ft (2.7 m).

17  2. The linear weight of the partition does not exceed 10 lb (0.479 kN) times the height in ft
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18  (m) of the partition.

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19  3. The partition horizontal seismic load does not exceed 5 lb/ft2 (0.24 kN/m2).
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20  13.5.8.2 Glass

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21  Glass in glazed partitions shall be designed and installed in accordance with Section 13.5.9.

22  13.5.9 Glass in Glazed Curtain Walls, Glazed Storefronts, and Glazed Partitions

23  13.5.9.1 General

24  Glass in glazed curtain walls, glazed storefronts, and glazed partitions shall meet the relative
25  displacement requirement of Equation (13.5-2):

28
 Δfallout  1.25DpI
1  (13.5-2)

2  or 0.5 in. (13 mm), whichever is greater, where Δfallout is the relative seismic displacement (drift)

3  at which glass fallout from the curtain wall, storefront wall, or partition occurs

FT
4  (Section 13.5.9.2); and DpI is the relative seismic displacement the component must be designed

5  to accommodate (Section 13.3.2). DpI shall be applied over the height of the glass component

ite A
6  under consideration.

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7  EXCEPTIONS:

or T D
8  1. Glass need not comply with this requirement if it has sufficient clearances from its frame
9  such that physical contact between the glass and frame does not occur at the design drift:

10 
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Dclear  1.25DpI
(13.5-3)
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where Dclear is the relative horizontal (drift) displacement, measured over the height of
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11 

12  the glass panel under consideration, which causes initial glass-to-frame contact. For
13  rectangular glass panels within a rectangular wall frame,
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 hp c2 
Dclear  2c1 1 
 bp c1 
14   
15  where
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16  hp = Height of the rectangular glass panel,

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17  bp = Width of the rectangular glass panel,

D

18  c1 = Average of the clearances (gaps) on both sides between the vertical glass edges and
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19  the frame, and

20  c2 = Average of the clearances (gaps) at the top and bottom between the horizontal glass
21  edges and the frame.
22  2. Fully tempered monolithic glass in Risk Categories I, II, and III located no more than
23  10 ft (3 m) above a walking surface need not comply with this requirement.

29
 1  3. Annealed or heat-strengthened laminated glass in single thickness with interlayer no less
2  than 0.03 in. (0.76 mm) that is captured mechanically in a wall system glazing pocket and
3  whose perimeter is secured to the frame by a wet-glazed, gunable, curing elastomeric
4  sealant perimeter bead of 0.5 in. (13 mm) minimum glass contact width, or other
5  approved anchorage system, need not comply with this requirement.

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6  13.5.9.2 Seismic Drift Limits for Glass Components

ite A
7  Δfallout , the drift causing glass fallout from the curtain wall, storefront, or partition, shall be

C R
8  determined in accordance with AAMA 501.6 or by engineering analysis.

or T D
9  13.5.10 Egress Stairs and Ramps

10  se N
Egress stairs and ramps not part of the seismic force-resisting system (SFRS) of the structure to
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11  which they are attached shall be detailed to accommodate the seismic relative displacements,
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12  DpI , defined in Section 13.3.2, including diaphragm deformation. The net relative displacement
13  shall be assumed to occur in any horizontal direction. Such elements shall be supported by means
14  of positive and direct structural supports or by mechanical connections and fasteners in
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15  accordance with the following requirements:

16  (a) Sliding connections with slotted or oversize holes, sliding bearing supports with keeper
assemblies or end stops, and connections that permit movement by deformation of metal
IC

17 
N

18  attachments, shall accommodate a displacement DpI , but not less than 0.5 in. (13 mm),
BL

19  without loss of vertical support or inducement of displacement-related compression

D

20  forces in the stair.

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21  (b) Sliding bearing supports without keeper assemblies or end stops shall be designed to

22  accommodate a displacement 1.5DpI , but not less than 1.0 in. (25 mm), without loss of

23  vertical support. Breakaway restraints are permitted if their failure does not lead to loss of
24  vertical support.

30
 1  (c) Metal supports shall be designed with rotation capacity to accommodate seismic relative
2  displacements as defined in item (b). The strength of such metal supports shall not be
3  limited by bolt shear, weld fracture, or other brittle modes.
4  (d) All fasteners and attachments such as bolts, inserts, welds, dowels, and anchors shall be
5  designed for the seismic design forces determined in accordance with Section 13.3.1

FT
6  using the applicable design coefficients as given in Table 13.5-1.
7  EXCEPTION: If sliding or ductile connections are not provided to accommodate seismic

ite A
8  relative displacements, the stiffness and strength of the stair or ramp structure shall be included

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9  in the building structural model of Section 12.7.3, and the stair shall be designed with Ω0

or T D
10  corresponding to the SFRS but not less than 2-1/2.

11  13.5.11 Penthouses and Rooftop Structures

12 
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Penthouses and rooftop structures shall be designed in accordance with this section. The
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13  horizontal seismic design force, Fp, shall be determined in accordance with Section 13.3.1, using
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14  the design coefficients listed in Table 13.5-1.

15  EXCEPTION: Penthouses and rooftop structures framed by an extension of the building frame
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16  and designed in accordance with the requirements of Chapter 12.

17  13.5.11.1 Seismic Force-Resisting Systems for Penthouses and Rooftop Structures
IC

The seismic force-resisting system for penthouses and rooftop structures shall conform to one of
N

18 
the types indicated in Table 12.2-1 or Table 15.4-1. The structural systems used shall be in
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19 
20  accordance with the structural system limitations noted in the tables and shall be designed and
D

21  detailed in accordance with the specific requirements for the system as set forth in the applicable
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22  reference documents listed in Table 12.2-1 or Table 15.4-1 and the additional requirements set
23  forth in Chapter 14. Height limits for penthouses and rooftop structures shall be measured from
24  the top of the roof structure to the average height of the penthouse roof.

25  EXCEPTION: Penthouses and rooftop structures designed using the coefficients for Other
26  Systems in Table 13.5-1 and which also conform to the requirements of relevant material
27  standards need not conform to one of the types indicated in Table 12.2-1 or Table 15.4-1. The

31
 1  height limit for penthouses and rooftop structures designed using the coefficients for Other
2  Systems shall be 28 ft (8.5 m).

3  13.6 MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

13.6.1 General

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4 

5  Mechanical and electrical components and their supports shall satisfy the requirements of this

ite A
6  section. The attachment of mechanical and electrical components and their supports to the

C R
7  structure shall meet the requirements of Section 13.4. Appropriate coefficients shall be selected

or T D
8  from Table 13.6-1.

9 

10 
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Table 13.6-1. Seismic Coefficients for Mechanical and Electrical Components.
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CAR Rpo Ωopa
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Supported at or Supported above

below grade grade plane by a
plane structure
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
Air-side HVACR, fans, air handlers, air conditioning units, cabinet heaters, air 1.4 1.4 2 2
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distribution boxes, and other mechanical components constructed of sheet metal

framing
Wet-side HVACR, boilers, furnaces, atmospheric tanks and bins, chillers, water 1 1 1.5 2
heaters, heat exchangers, evaporators, air separators, manufacturing or process
equipment, and other mechanical components constructed of high-deformability
IC

materials
N

Air coolers (fin fans), air-cooled heat exchangers, condensing units, dry coolers, 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
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remote radiators, and other mechanical components elevated on integral

structural steel or sheet metal supports
Engines, turbines, pumps, compressors, and pressure vessels not supported on 1 1 1.5 2
D

skirts and not within the scope of Chapter 15

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Skirt-supported pressure vessels not within the scope of Chapter 15 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
Elevator and escalator components 1 1 1.5 2
Generators, batteries, inverters, motors, transformers, and other electrical 1 1 1.5 2
components constructed of high-deformability materials
Motor control centers, panel boards, switch gear, instrumentation cabinets, and 1.4 1.4 2 2
other components constructed of sheet metal framing
Communication equipment, computers, instrumentation, and controls 1 1 1.5 2
Roof-mounted stacks, cooling and electrical towers laterally braced below their 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
center of mass

32
 Roof-mounted stacks, cooling and electrical towers laterally braced above their 1 1 1.5 2
center of mass
Lighting fixtures 1 1 1.5 2
Other mechanical or electrical components 1 1 1.5 2
Manufacturing or process conveyors (nonpersonnel) 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
VIBRATION-ISOLATED COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMSa
Components and systems isolated using neoprene elements and neoprene 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.75

FT
isolated floors with built-in or separate elastomeric snubbing devices or resilient
perimeter stops
Spring-isolated components and systems and vibration-isolated floors closely 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.75

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restrained using built-in or separate elastomeric snubbing devices or resilient
perimeter stops

C R
Internally isolated components and systems 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.75
Suspended vibration-isolated equipment, including in-line duct devices and 1.8 2.2 1.3 1.75

or T D
suspended internally isolated components
EQUIPMENT SUPPORT STRUCTURES AND PLATFORMS
Support structures and platforms where Tp/Ta < 0.2, or Tp ≤ 0.06 s, per Section NA 1 1.5 2
13.6.4.6

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Seismic force-resisting systems with R > 3
Seismic force-resisting systems with R ≤ 3
1.4
1.8
1.4
2.2
1.5 2
1.5 1.75
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Other systems 2.2 2.8 1.5 1.5
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DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SUPPORTS

Tension-only and cable bracing 1 1 1.5 2
Cold-formed steel rigid bracing 1 1 1.5 2
Hot-rolled steel bracing 1 1 1.5 2
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Other rigid bracing 1 1 1.5 2

Lateral resistance provided by rods in flexure 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
Vertical cantilever supports such as pipe tees and moment frames above and 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
supported by a floor or roof
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
IC

Piping in accordance with ASME B31 (2001, 2002, 2008, 2010), including in- 1 1 3 2
N

line components with joints made by welding or brazing

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Piping in accordance with ASME B31, including in-line components, 1 1 2 2

constructed of high- or limited-deformability materials, with joints made by
threading, bonding, compression couplings, or grooved couplings
D

Piping and tubing not in accordance with ASME B31, including in-line 1 1 2 2
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components, constructed of high-deformability materials, with joints made by

welding or brazing
Piping and tubing not in accordance with ASME B31, including in-line 1.8 2.2 2 1.75
components, constructed of high- or limited-deformability materials, with joints
made by threading, bonding, compression couplings, or grooved couplings
Piping and tubing constructed of low-deformability materials, such as cast iron, 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
glass, and nonductile plastics
Duct systems, including in-line components, constructed of high-deformability 1 1 2 2
materials, with joints made by welding or brazing

33
 Duct systems, including in-line components, constructed of high- or limited- 1 1 1.5 2
deformability materials, with joints made by means other than welding or
brazing
Duct systems, including in-line components, constructed of low-deformability 1.8 2.2 1.5 1.75
materials, such as cast iron, glass, and nonductile plastics
Electrical conduit, cable trays, and raceways 1 1 1.5 2
Bus ducts 1 1 1.5 2

FT
Plumbing 1 1 1.5 2
Pneumatic tube transport systems 1 1 1.5 2
a
1  Components mounted on vibration isolators shall have a bumper restraint or snubber in each

ite A
2  horizontal direction. The design force shall be taken as 2Fp if the nominal clearance (air gap)

C R
3  between the equipment support frame and restraint is greater than 0.25 in. (6 mm). If the nominal

or T D
4  clearance specified on the construction documents is not greater than 0.25 in. (6 mm), the design
Fp
5  force is permitted to be taken as .

6  b se N
Overstrength factor as required for anchorage to concrete and masonry (see Section 13.4.2).
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7 
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8  EXCEPTION: Light fixtures, lighted signs, and ceiling fans not connected to ducts or piping,
9  which are supported by chains or otherwise suspended from the structure, are not required to
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10  satisfy the seismic force and relative displacement requirements provided they meet all of the
11  following criteria:

1. The design load for such items shall be equal to 1.4 times the operating weight acting
IC

12 
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13  down with a simultaneous horizontal load equal to 1.4 times the operating weight. The
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14  horizontal load shall be applied in the direction that results in the most critical loading for
15  the design.
D
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16  2. Seismic interaction effects shall be considered in accordance with Section 13.2.4.
17  3. The connection to the structure shall allow a 360-degree range of motion in the horizontal
18  plane.
19  Where design of mechanical and electrical components for seismic effects is required,
20  consideration shall be given to the dynamic effects of the components, their contents, and where
21  appropriate, their supports and attachments. In such cases, the interaction between the

34
 1  components and the supporting structures, including other mechanical and electrical components,
2  shall also be considered.

3  13.6.2 Mechanical Components

HVACR ductwork shall meet the requirements of Section 13.6.6. Piping systems shall meet the

FT
4 
5  requirements of Section 13.6.7. Boilers and vessels shall meet the requirements of
6  Section 13.6.10. Elevators shall meet the requirements of Section 13.6.11. All other mechanical

ite A
7  components shall meet the requirements of Section 13.6.13. Mechanical components with I p

C R
8  greater than 1.0 shall be designed for the seismic forces and relative displacements defined in

or T D
9  Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2 and shall satisfy the following additional requirements:

10  1. Provision shall be made to eliminate seismic impact for components vulnerable to
11  se N
impact, for components constructed of nonductile materials, and in cases where material
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12  ductility will be reduced because of service conditions (e.g., low-temperature
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13  applications).
14  2. The possibility of loads imposed on components by attached utility or service lines,
15  caused by differential movement of support points on separate structures, shall be
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16  evaluated.
17  3. Where piping or HVACR ductwork components are attached to structures that could
18  displace relative to one another, and for isolated structures where such components cross
IC

19  the isolation interface, the components shall be designed to accommodate the seismic
N

20  relative displacements defined in Section 13.3.2.

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21  13.6.2.1 HVACR Equipment

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22  HVACR equipment that has been qualified in accordance with the requirements of Chapters 1
23  through 10 of ANSI/AHRI Standard 1270 (I-P) or ANSI/AHRI Standard 1271 (SI) shall be
24  deemed to meet the seismic qualification requirements of Section 13.2.3, provided all of the
25  following requirements are met:

26  (a) Active and/or energized components shall be seismically certified exclusively through
27  shake table testing or experience data.

35
 1  (b) The horizontal seismic design force, Fp, considered in the certification of non-active
2  components through analysis shall be based on the procedures in Section 13.3.1

3  using = 2.5 . The value of Rμ shall be taken as 1.3 for components located above the

4  grade plane.

FT
5  (c) Capacity of non-active components used in seismic certification by analysis shall be
6  based on the provisions of ASCE 7.

ite A
7  (d) Rugged components shall conform to the definition in Chapter 11.

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8  EXCEPTION: If the period of the component, Tp, is less than or equal to 0.06 seconds,

or T D
9  may be taken as 1.0. 

10  13.6.3 Electrical Components

se N
U E
11  Conduit, cable trays, and raceways shall meet the requirements of Section 13.6.5. Utility and
ot MM

12  service lines shall meet the requirements of Section 13.6.9. Other electrical components shall

13  meet the requirements of Section 13.6.13. All electrical components with I p greater than 1.0

14  shall be designed for the seismic forces and relative displacements defined in Sections 13.3.1 and
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15  13.3.2 and shall satisfy the following additional requirements:

16  1. Provision shall be made to eliminate seismic impact between components.

IC

17  2. Loads imposed on the components by attached utility or service lines that are attached to
N

18  separate structures shall be evaluated.

BL

19  3. Batteries on racks shall have wraparound restraints to ensure that the batteries do not fall
20  from the racks. Spacers shall be used between restraints and cells to prevent damage to
D
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21  cases. Racks shall be evaluated for sufficient lateral load capacity.
22  4. Internal coils of dry-type transformers shall be positively attached to their supporting
23  substructure within the transformer enclosure.
24  5. Electrical control panels, computer equipment, and other items with slide-out components
25  shall have a latching mechanism to hold the components in place.
26  6. Electrical cabinet design shall comply with the applicable National Electrical
27  Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards. Cutouts in the lower shear panel that have

36
 1  not been made by the manufacturer and that significantly reduce the strength of the
2  cabinet shall be specifically evaluated.
3  7. The attachments for additional external items weighing more than 100 lb (445 N) shall be
4  specifically evaluated if not provided by the manufacturer.
5  8. Where conduit, cable trays, or similar electrical distribution components are attached to

FT
6  structures that could displace relative to one another, and for isolated structures where
7  such components cross the isolation interface, the components shall be designed to

ite A
8  accommodate the seismic relative displacements defined in Section 13.3.2.

C R
9  13.6.4 Component Supports

or T D
10  Mechanical and electrical component supports (including those with I p  1.0 ) and the means by

11 
12 
se N
which they are attached to the component shall be designed for the forces and displacements
determined in Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2. Such supports include structural members, braces,
U E
13  frames, skirts, legs, saddles, pedestals, cables, guys, stays, snubbers, tethers, and elements forged
ot MM

14  or cast as a part of the mechanical or electrical component.

15  13.6.4.1 Design Basis

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16  If standard supports designed in accordance with nationally recognized standards such as ASME
17  B31, NFPA 13, or MSS SP-58 are used, they shall be designed by either load rating (i.e., testing)
IC

18  or for the calculated seismic forces. If proprietary supports are used, load rating shall be
N

19  determined by approved test standards or approved material-specific design procedures. The
BL

20  stiffness of the support, where appropriate, shall be designed such that the seismic load path for
21  the component performs its intended function.
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22  13.6.4.2 Design for Relative Displacement

23  Component supports shall be designed to accommodate the seismic relative displacements
24  between points of support determined in accordance with Section 13.3.2.

25  13.6.4.3 Support Attachment to Component

37
 1  The means by which supports are attached to the component, except where integral (i.e., cast or
2  forged), shall be designed to accommodate both the forces and displacements determined in
3  accordance with Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2. If I p  1.5 for the component, the local region of

4  the support attachment point to the component shall be evaluated for the effect of the load
transfer on the component wall.

FT
5 

6  13.6.4.4 Material Detailing Requirements

ite A
C R
7  The materials comprising supports and the means of attachment to the component shall be
8  constructed of materials suitable for the application, including the effects of service conditions,

or T D
9  for example low-temperature applications. Materials shall be in conformance with a nationally
10  recognized standard.

11  se N
13.6.4.5 Additional Requirements
U E
ot MM

12  The following additional requirements shall apply to mechanical and electrical component
13  supports:

14  1. Seismic supports shall be constructed so that support engagement is maintained.

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15  2. Reinforcement (e.g., stiffeners or Belleville washers) shall be provided at bolted

16  connections through sheet metal equipment housings as required to transfer the
17  equipment seismic loads specified in this section from the equipment to the structure.
IC

Where equipment has been certified per Section 13.2.3, 13.2.6, or 13.2.7, anchor bolts or
N

18 
other fasteners and associated hardware as included in the certification shall be installed
BL

19 
20  in conformance with the manufacturer’s instructions. For those cases where no
D

21  certification exists or where instructions for such reinforcement are not provided,
PU

22  reinforcement methods shall be as specified by a registered design professional or as

23  approved by the Authority Having Jurisdiction.
24  3. Where weak-axis bending of cold-formed steel supports is relied on for the seismic load
25  path, such supports shall be specifically evaluated.
26  4. Components mounted on vibration isolators shall have a bumper restraint or snubber in
27  each horizontal direction, and vertical restraints shall be provided where required to resist
28  overturning. Isolator housings and restraints shall be constructed of ductile materials.

38
 1  (See additional design force requirements in note b to Table 13.6-1.) A viscoelastic pad
2  or similar material of appropriate thickness shall be used between the bumper and
3  components to limit the impact load.

4  13.6.4.6 Equipment Support Structures and Platforms

FT
5  Equipment support structures and platforms shall be designed in accordance with this section.
6  The horizontal seismic design force, Fp, shall be determined in accordance with Section 13.3.1,

ite A
7  using the design coefficients listed in Table 13.6-1. The SFRS for equipment support structures

C R
8  and platforms shall conform to one of the types indicated in Table 12.2-1 or Table 15.4-1. The

or T D
9  SFRS used shall be in accordance with the structural system limitations noted in the tables. The
10  selected SFRS shall be designed and detailed in accordance with the specific requirements for
11  the system as set forth in the applicable reference documents listed in Table 12.2-1 or Table
12  se N
15.4-1 and the additional requirements set forth in Chapter 14.
U E
13  EXCEPTION: Equipment support structures and platforms designed using the coefficients for
ot MM

14  Other Systems in Table 13.6-1, under Equipment Supports, and which also conform to the
15  requirements of relevant material standards, need not conform to one of the types indicated in
Table 12.2-1 or Table 15.4-1.
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16 

17  Equipment support structures or platforms that are supported by a building or nonbuilding
18  structure are permitted to be designed using CAR = 1, Rpo = 1.5, and Ω0p = 2.0 if the ratio Tp/Ta <
IC

19  0.2, or if Tp ≤ 0.06 s. The value of Tp for the equipment support structure or platform shall
N

20  include consideration of the mass and stiffness of the components being supported.
BL

21  13.6.4.7 Distribution System Supports

D
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22  Distribution system supports are assigned a component resonance ductility factor from Table
23  13.6-1, based on the type of support system.

24  Vertical and lateral supports for distribution systems, including trapeze assemblies, shall be
25  designed for seismic forces and seismic relative displacements as required in Section 13.3,
26  except as noted in Sections 13.6.5, 13.6.6, and 13.6.7. Distribution systems shall be braced to
27  resist vertical, transverse, and longitudinal seismic loads. Seismic loads for distribution system

39
 1  supports and trapeze assemblies shall be based on the weight of the distribution system tributary
2  to the supports, including fittings and in-line components.

3  13.6.5 Distribution Systems: Conduit, Cable Tray, and Raceways

Cable trays and raceways shall be designed for seismic forces and seismic relative displacements

FT
4 
5  as required in Section 13.3. Conduit greater than 2.5 in. (64 mm) trade size and attached to

panels, cabinets, or other equipment subject to seismic relative displacement, DpI , shall be

ite A
6 

C R
7  provided with flexible connections or designed for seismic forces and seismic relative
8  displacements as required in Section 13.3.

or T D
9  EXCEPTIONS:

10 
se N
1. Design for the seismic forces and relative displacements of Section 13.3 shall not be

required for raceways with I p  1.0 where flexible connections or other assemblies are
U E
11 
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12  provided between the cable tray or raceway and associated components to accommodate
13  the relative displacement, where the cable tray or raceway is positively attached to the
14  structure, and where one of the following apply:
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15  (a) Trapeze assemblies are used with 0.375 in. (10 mm) diameter rod hangers not
16  exceeding 0.5. (305 mm) in length from the conduit, cable tray, or raceway
17  support point to the connection at the supporting structure to support raceways,
IC

18  and the total weight supported by any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or less; or
N

19  (b) Trapeze assemblies with 0.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not exceeding
BL

20  12 in. (305 mm) in length from the conduit, cable tray, or raceway support point
21  to the connection at the supporting structure are used to support the cable tray or
D
PU

22  raceway, and the total weight supported by any single trapeze is 200 lb (890 N) or
23  less; or
24  (c) Trapeze assemblies with 0.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not exceeding
25  24 in. (610 mm) in length from the conduit, cable tray, or raceway support point
26  to the connection at the supporting structure are used to support the cable tray or
27  raceway, and the total weight supported by any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or
28  less; or

40
 1  (d) The conduit, cable tray, or raceway is supported by individual rod hangers 3/8 in.
2  (10 mm) or 0.5 in. (13 mm) in diameter, and each hanger in the raceway run is
3  12 in. (305 mm) or less in length from the conduit, cable tray, or raceway support
4  point connection to the supporting structure, and the total weight supported by
5  any single rod is 50 lb (220 N) or less.

FT
6  2. Design for the seismic forces and relative displacements of Section 13.3 shall not be

7  required for conduit, regardless of the value of I p , where the conduit is less than 2.5 in.

ite A
8  (64 mm) trade size.

C R
9  Design for the displacements across seismic joints shall be required for conduit, cable trays,

or T D
10  and raceways with I p  1.5 without consideration of conduit size.

11  13.6.6 Distribution Systems: Duct Systems

se N
U E
12  HVACR and other duct systems shall be designed for seismic forces and seismic relative
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13  displacements as required in Section 13.3.

14  EXCEPTIONS: The following exceptions pertain to ducts not designed to carry toxic, highly
15  toxic, or flammable gases or not used for smoke control.
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16  1. Design for the seismic forces and relative displacements of Section 13.3 shall not be

17  required for duct systems with I p  1.0 where flexible connections or other assemblies
IC

18  are provided to accommodate the relative displacement between the duct system and
N

19  associated components, the duct system is positively attached to the structure, and where
BL

20  one of the following apply:

D

21  (a) Trapeze assemblies with 0.375 in. (10 mm) diameter rod hangers not exceeding
PU

22  12 in. (305 mm) in length from the duct support point to the connection at the
23  supporting structure are used to support the duct, and the total weight supported
24  by any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or less; or
25  (b) Trapeze assemblies with 0.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not exceeding
26  12 in. (305 mm) in length from the duct support point to the connection at the
27  supporting structure are used to support the duct, and the total weight supported
28  by any single trapeze is 200 lb (890 N) or less; or

41
 1  (c) Trapeze assemblies with 0.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not exceeding
2  24 in. (610 mm) in length from the duct support point to the connection at the
3  supporting structure are used to support the duct, and the total weight supported
4  by any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or less; or
5  (d) The duct is supported by individual rod hangers 0.375 in. (10 mm) or 0.5 in. (13

FT
6  mm) in diameter, and each hanger in the duct run is 12 in. (305 mm) or less in
7  length from the duct support point to the connection at the supporting structure,

ite A
8  and the total weight supported by any single rod is 50 lb (220 N) or less.

C R
9  2. Design for the seismic forces and relative displacements of Section 13.3 shall not be

or T D
10  required where provisions are made to avoid impact with other ducts or mechanical
11  components or to protect the ducts in the event of such impact, the distribution system is
12  positively attached to the structure, and HVACR ducts have a cross-sectional area of less
13 
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than 6 ft2 (0.557 m2) and weigh 20 lb/ft (292 N/m) or less.
U E
14 
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15  Components that are installed in line with the duct system and have an operating weight greater
16  than 75 lb (334 N), such as fans, terminal units, heat exchangers, and humidifiers, shall be
17  supported and laterally braced independent of the duct system, and such braces shall meet the
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18  force requirements of Section 13.3.1. Components that are installed in line with the duct system,
19  have an operating weight of 75 lb (334 N) or less (such as small terminal units, valves, and
20  dampers), and are otherwise not independently braced shall be positively attached with
IC

21  mechanical fasteners to rigid ducts on both sides. Appurtenances such as louvers and diffusers
N

22  shall be positively attached to ducts with mechanical fasteners. Where such components are
BL

23  installed in a braced duct system, their weight shall be included in the design of the lateral
D

24  bracing. Piping and conduit attached to in-line equipment shall be provided with adequate
PU

25  flexibility to accommodate the seismic relative displacements of Section 13.3.2.

26  13.6.7 Distribution Systems: Piping and Tubing Systems

27  Unless otherwise noted in this section, piping and tubing systems shall be designed for the
28  seismic forces and seismic relative displacements of Section 13.3. ASME pressure piping
29  systems shall satisfy the requirements of Section 13.6.7.1. Fire protection sprinkler piping shall

42
 1  satisfy the requirements of Section 13.6.7.2. Elevator system piping shall satisfy the
2  requirements of Section 13.6.11.

3  Where other applicable material standards or recognized design bases are not used, piping design
4  including consideration of service loads shall be based on the following allowable stresses:

FT
5  (a) For piping constructed with ductile materials (e.g., steel, aluminum, or copper), 90% of
6  the minimum specified yield strength;

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7  (b) For threaded connections in piping constructed with ductile materials, 70% of the

C R
8  minimum specified yield strength;

or T D
9  (c) For piping constructed with nonductile materials (e.g., cast iron or ceramics), 10% of the
10  material minimum specified tensile strength; and
11  (d) For threaded connections in piping constructed with nonductile materials, 8% of the
12 
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material minimum specified tensile strength.
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13  Piping not detailed to accommodate the seismic relative displacements at connections to other
components shall be provided with connections that have sufficient flexibility to avoid failure of
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14 
15  the connection between the components.

16  Suspended components that are installed in-line and rigidly connected to and supported by the
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17  piping system, such as valves, strainers, traps, pumps, air separators, and tanks, are permitted to
18  be considered part of the piping system for the purposes of determining the need for and sizing
19  of lateral bracing. Where components are braced independently because of their weight but the
IC

20  associated piping is not braced, flexibility shall be provided as required to accommodate relative
N

21  movement between the components.

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22  13.6.7.1 ASME Pressure Piping Systems

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23  Pressure piping systems, including their supports, designed and constructed in accordance with
24  ASME B31 shall be deemed to meet the force, displacement, and other requirements of this
25  section. In lieu of specific force and displacement requirements in ASME B31, the force and
26  displacement requirements of Section 13.3 shall be used. Materials meeting the toughness
27  requirements of ASME B31 shall be considered high-deformability materials.

28  13.6.7.2 Fire Protection Sprinkler Piping Systems

43
 1  Fire protection sprinkler piping, pipe hangers, and bracing designed and constructed in
2  accordance with NFPA 13 shall be deemed to meet the force and displacement requirements of
3  this section. Clearances for sprinkler drops and sprigs and other equipment shall conform to
4  13.2.4.1. The exceptions of Section 13.6.7.3 shall not apply.

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5  13.6.7.3 Exceptions

6  Design for the seismic forces of Section 13.3 shall not be required for piping systems where

ite A
7  flexible connections, expansion loops, or other assemblies are provided to accommodate the

C R
8  relative displacement between component and piping, where the piping system is positively

or T D
9  attached to the structure, and where one of the following apply:

10  1. Trapeze assemblies are supported by 0.375 in. (10 mm) diameter rod hangers not
11 
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exceeding 12 in. (305 mm) in length from the pipe support point to the connection at the

supporting structure, do not support piping with I p greater than 1.0, no single pipe
U E
12 
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13  exceeds the limits set forth in items 4a, 4b, or 4c below, and the total weight supported by
14  any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or less; or
15  2. Trapeze assemblies are supported by 0.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not exceeding
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16  12 in. (305 mm) in length from the pipe support point to the connection at the supporting

17  structure, do not support piping with I p greater than 1.0, no single pipe exceeds the

18  diameter limits set forth in items 4a, 4b, or 4c below, and the total weight supported by
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any single trapeze is 200 lb (890 N) or less; or

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19 
3. Trapeze assemblies are supported by 0.5 in. (13 mm) diameter rod hangers not exceeding
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20 
21  24 in. (610 mm) in length from the pipe support point to the connection at the supporting
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structure, do not support piping with I p greater than 1.0, no single pipe exceeds the
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22 

23  diameter limits set forth in items 4a, 4b, or 4c below, and the total weight supported by
24  any single trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or less; or
25  4. Piping is supported by rod hangers and provisions are made to avoid impact with other
26  structural or nonstructural components or to protect the piping in the event of such
27  impact, or pipes are supported by individual rod hangers 0.375 in. (10 mm) or 0.5 in. (13
28  mm) in diameter, where each hanger in the pipe run is 12 in. (305 mm) or less in length

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 1  from the pipe support point to the connection at the supporting structure, and the total
2  weight supported by any single hanger is 50 lb (220 N) or less. In addition, the following
3  limitations on the size of piping shall be observed:

4  (a) In structures assigned to Seismic Design Category C where I p is greater than 1.0,

the nominal pipe size shall be 2 in. (50 mm) or less.

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5 

6  (b) In structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E, or F where I p is greater

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7  than 1.0, the nominal pipe size shall be 1 in. (25 mm) or less.

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8  (c) In structures assigned to Seismic Design Category D, E, or F where I p  1.0 , the

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9  nominal pipe size shall be 3 in. (80 mm) or less.
10  5. Pneumatic tube systems supported with trapeze assemblies using 0.375 in. (10 mm)
11  diameter rod hangers not exceeding 12 in. (305 mm) in length from the tube support point
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to the connection at the supporting structure and the total weight supported by any single
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13  trapeze is 100 lb (445 N) or less.
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14  6. Pneumatic tube systems supported by individual rod hangers 0.375 in. (10 mm) or 1.5 in.
15  (13 mm) in diameter, and each hanger in the run is 12 in. (305 mm) or less in length from
16  the tube support point to the connection at the supporting structure, and the total weight
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17  supported by any single rod is 50 lb (220 N) or less.

18  13.6.8 Distribution Systems: Trapezes with a Combination of Systems

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19  Trapezes that support a combination of distribution systems (electrical conduit, raceway, duct,
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20  piping, etc.) shall be designed using the most restrictive requirements for the supported
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21  distribution systems from Sections 13.6.5 through 13.6.7 for the aggregate weight of the
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22  supported system. If any distribution system on the trapeze is not exempted, the trapeze shall be
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23  braced.

24  13.6.9 Utility and Service Lines

25  At the interface of adjacent structures or portions of the same structure that may move
26  independently, utility lines shall be provided with adequate flexibility to accommodate the

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 1  anticipated differential movement between the portions that move independently. Differential
2  displacement shall be calculated in accordance with Section 13.3.2.

3  The possible interruption of utility service shall be considered in relation to designated seismic
4  systems in Risk Category IV as defined in Table 1.5-1. Specific attention shall be given to the

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5  vulnerability of underground utilities and utility interfaces between the structure and the ground

6  where Site Class E or F soil is present, and where the seismic coefficient SDS at the underground

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7  utility or at the base of the structure is equal to or greater than 0.33.

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8  13.6.10 Boilers and Pressure Vessels

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9  Boilers or pressure vessels designed and constructed in accordance with ASME BPVC shall be
10  deemed to meet the force, displacement, and other requirements of this section. In lieu of the
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specific force and displacement requirements in ASME BPVC, the force and displacement
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12  requirements of Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2 shall be used. Materials that meet the toughness
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13  requirements of ASME BPVC shall be considered high-deformability materials. Other boilers

14  and pressure vessels designated as having I p  1.5 , but not designed and constructed in

15  accordance with the requirements of ASME BPVC, shall comply with the requirements of
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16  Section 13.6.13.

17  13.6.11 Elevator and Escalator Design Requirements

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18  Elevators and escalators designed in accordance with the seismic requirements of ASME A17.1
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19  shall be deemed to meet the seismic force requirements of this section, except as modified in the
20  following text. The exceptions of Section 13.6.7.3 shall not apply to elevator piping.
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21  13.6.11.1 Escalators, Elevators, and Hoistway Structural Systems

22  Escalators, elevators, and hoistway structural systems shall be designed to meet the force and
23  displacement requirements of Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2.

24  13.6.11.2 Elevator Equipment and Controller Supports and Attachments

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 1  Elevator equipment and controller supports and attachments shall be designed to meet the force
2  and displacement requirements of Sections 13.3.1 and 13.3.2.

3  13.6.11.3 Seismic Controls for Elevators

Elevators operating with a speed of 150 ft/min (46 m/min) or greater shall be provided with

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4 
5  seismic switches. Seismic switches shall provide an electric signal indicating that structural
6  motions are of such a magnitude that the operation of the elevators may be impaired. Seismic

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7  switches in accordance with Section 8.4.10.1.2 of ASME A17.1 shall be deemed to meet the

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8  requirements of this section.

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9  EXCEPTION: In cases where seismic switches cannot be located near a column in accordance
10  with ASME A17.1, they shall have two horizontal axes of sensitivity and have a trigger level set
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to 20% of the acceleration of gravity where located at or near the base of the structure and 50%
of the acceleration of gravity in all other locations.
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13  On activation of the seismic switch, elevator operations shall conform to requirements of ASME
14  A17.1, except as noted in the following text.

In facilities where the loss of the use of an elevator is a life-safety issue, the elevator shall only
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15 
16  be used after the seismic switch has triggered, provided that

17  1. The elevator shall operate no faster than the service speed, and
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18  2. Before the elevator is occupied, it is operated from top to bottom and back to top to verify
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19  that it is operable.

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20  13.6.11.4 Retainer Plates

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21  Retainer plates are required at the top and bottom of the car and counterweight.

22  13.6.12 Rooftop Solar Panels

23  Rooftop solar panels and their attachments shall be designed for the forces and displacements
24  determined in Section 13.3.

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 1  EXCEPTION: Ballasted solar panels without positive direct attachment to the roof structure are
2  permitted on Risk Categories I, II, and III structures six stories or fewer in height and having a
3  maximum roof slope equal to or less than 1 in 20, provided that they comply with the following.

4  1. The height of the center of mass of any panel above the roof surface is less than half the

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5  least spacing in plan of the panel supports, but in no case greater than 3 ft (0.9 m).
6  2. Each panel or array of panels is designed to accommodate without impact, instability, or
loss of support a seismic displacement, mpv , of any panel relative to any roof edge or

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7 

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8  offset and any other curb or obstruction to sliding on the roof surface where mpv is

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9  determined in accordance with Equation (13.6-1), but is not taken as less than 2 ft
10  (0.6 m):
11  δmpv = 5Ie(SDS – 0.4)2 [ft(m)] (13.6-1)
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Any portion of an unattached array of panels that is not interconnected as specified in
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13  item 3, shall be provided with a minimum separation between adjacent unattached panels
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14  of not less than 0.5mpv . Signage or roof markings (e.g., yellow stripes) shall be provided

15  to delineate the area around the panel that must be kept free of obstructions.

16  Alternatively, mpv may be determined by shake table testing or nonlinear response
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17  history analysis, whereby the value of mpv shall not be taken as less than 80% of the

18  value given by Equation (13.6-1) unless independent peer review is conducted in
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19  accordance with Section 1.3.1.3.4.

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20  3. Each array of panels is interconnected as an integral unit to form a continuous load path
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21  such that the members and connections have the design strength to resist a horizontal
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22  force of 0.2SDSWpi in tension and compression, considering any eccentricities, across any
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23  section cut by a vertical plane, where W pi is the weight of the smaller of the two

24  portions. The solar panels shall not be considered as part of the load path that resists the
25  interconnection force unless the panels have been evaluated or tested for such loading.

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 1  4. Panel framing and supports are designed for a seismic force path from the center of mass

2  of each component to locations of friction resistance equal to the lesser of Fp from

3  Section 13.3.1 and 0.6Wp , where Wp is the weight of each component.

4  5. All electrical cables leading from a panel to another panel or to another roof object are

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5  designed to accommodate, without rupture or distress, differential movements between

6  cable connection points of 1.0mpv , with consideration given to torsional movement of

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7  the panel and its possible impingement on the electrical cables.

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8  6. All edges and offsets of roof surfaces on which panels are placed are bounded by a curb

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9  or parapet not less than 12 in. (305 mm) in height and designed to resist a concentrated
10  load applied at the probable points of impact between the curb or parapet and the panel of

11  not less than 0.2SDS times the weight of the panel. Alternatively, a panel may be placed

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so that all parts of the panel are a minimum of 2.0mpv , but not less than 4 ft (1.22 m),
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13  from any roof edge or offset.
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14  7. Where justified by testing and analysis, the maximum roof slope for structures assigned
15  to Seismic Design Categories C and D shall be permitted to be 1 in 12 provided that
independent peer review is conducted in accordance with Section 1.3.1.3.4.
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16 

17  13.6.13 Other Mechanical and Electrical Components

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18  Mechanical and electrical components, including conveyor systems, not designed and
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19  constructed in accordance with the reference documents in Chapter 23 shall meet the following:
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20  1. Components and their supports and attachments shall comply with the requirements of
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Sections 13.4, 13.6.2, 13.6.3, and 13.6.4.

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21 
22  2. For mechanical components with hazardous substances and assigned a component

23  Importance Factor, I p , of 1.5 in accordance with Section 13.1.3, and for boilers and

24  pressure vessels not designed in accordance with ASME BPVC, the design strength for
25  seismic loads in combination with other service loads and appropriate environmental
26  effects shall be based on the following material properties:

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 1  (a) For mechanical components constructed with ductile materials (e.g., steel,
2  aluminum, or copper), 90% of the minimum specified yield strength;
3  (b) For threaded connections in components constructed with ductile materials, 70%
4  of the minimum specified yield strength;
5  (c) For mechanical components constructed with nonductile materials (e.g., plastic,

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6  cast iron, or ceramics), 10% of the material minimum specified tensile strength;
7  and

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8  (d) For threaded connections in components constructed with nonductile materials,

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9  8% of the material minimum specified tensile strength.

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10  13.7 CONSENSUS STANDARDS AND OTHER REFERENCED DOCUMENTS

11  See Chapter 23 for the list of consensus standards and other documents that shall be considered
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part of this standard to the extent referenced in this chapter.
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