MATHEMATICS 9

4th Quarter
Week 1

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

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 Competency:
Illustrates the six trigonometric ratios: sine, cosine, tangent, secant,
cosecant, and cotangent. (M9GE-IVa-1)

Objectives: At the end of the week, you shall have

o defined the six trigonometric ratios;
o used the six trigonometric ratios in finding the missing sides and angles of a
right triangle; and
o related and applied the six trigonometric in real-life situation.

Learner’s Tasks

Lesson Overview

Trigonometry is all about the relation between the angles and sides of a right-angled
triangle. There are three sides of a triangles named as Hypotenuse, Adjacent side, and
Opposite side(refer to the figure). The ratio between these sides based on the angle
between them are called Trigonometric Ratios.

Consider the right triangle XYZ as shown below.

If we let angle 𝐙 be 𝜃 , read as “theta” which 𝐗

implies an angle, then the opposite side
of 𝜃 is 𝒛 and its adjacent side is 𝒙. The hypotenuse
longest leg, which is also called the
opposite y
hypotenuse, is side 𝒚. 𝒛

It has to be remembered that the longest leg of

a right triangle is always opposite to the 𝐘 𝜃 𝐙
right angle. 𝒙
adjacent
Let us now define the six trigonometric ratios:

Primary Secondary
Trigonometric Ratios Trigonometric Ratios
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑧 1 1
sin of 𝜃 = sin 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑦 cosecant of 𝜃 = csc 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑦
=𝑧
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒

1
 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥 1 1
cosine of 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 𝑦 secant of 𝜃 = sec 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑦
=
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥

𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑧 1 1 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥
tan 𝑜𝑓 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑥 cotangent of 𝜃 = cot 𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 = =𝑧
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡

SOH – CAH – TOA is a mnemonic used for remembering the equations. Note that the
reciprocals of the primary trigonometric ratios are called secondary trigonometric ratios.

Solving the Missing Parts of a Right Triangle

Example 1. Determine 𝑥 and 𝜃 in the triangle shown below.

480
6
𝑥

𝜃
Solution:
4
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
Solving for x, cos 480 = ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑥
cos 480 = 6
𝑥 = 6 cos 480
𝑥 = 6 (0.669)
𝒙 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟏 ≈ 𝟒 Note: This symbol ≈ is used to denote approximation.

To solve for 𝜃, recall that the sum of all angles in a triangle is 1800 . Thus,
1800 = 900 + 480 + 𝜃
𝜃 = 1800 − 900 − 480
𝜽 = 𝟒𝟐𝟎

Example 2. In a right triangle, the measure of one of the angles is 460 and the hypotenuse
has a length of 50 cm. What is the length of the opposite side and adjacent side of this
angle?
𝑥
460

𝑦
50 cm

Solution:

The leg opposite to 460 is 𝑦. Solving for 𝑦, Solving for the adjacent leg, 𝑥
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
sin 460 = cos 460 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
𝑥
cos 460 =
2 50
𝑥 = 50 cos 460
𝑥 = 50 (0.695)
𝑥 = 34.75 ≈ 𝟑𝟓 𝒄𝒎
 𝑦
sin 460 =
50
𝑦 = 50 sin 460
𝑦 = 50 (0.719)
𝑦 = 35.95 ≈ 𝟑𝟔 𝒄𝒎

Example 3. Find 𝑏, 𝜃 and 𝑐 as shown below.

750

𝑐
𝑏

𝜃
Solution:
10
Solving for 𝑐,
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
sin 750 =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
10
sin 750 =
𝑐
10
𝑐=
sin 750
10
𝑐=
0.966
𝒄 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟑𝟓

Solving for 𝑏,
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
tan 750 =
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡
10
tan 750 =
𝑏
10
𝑏=
tan 750
10
𝑏=
3.732
𝒃 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟖

Solving for 𝜃,
1800 = 900 + 750 + 𝜃
𝜃 = 1800 − 900 − 750
𝜽 = 𝟏𝟓𝟎

Example 4. Calculate the hypotenuse of triangle △ ACB as shown below.

A
𝑐

5 𝑖𝑛
3

4 𝑖𝑛
 C B

Solution:
Applying the Pythagorean Theorem,
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
hypotenuse, c = √52 + 42
𝑐 = √25 + 16
𝑐 = √41
𝐜 = 𝟔. 𝟒𝟎 𝒊𝒏

Solving the Angles Using Trigonometric Ratios

3
Example 1. Find 𝜃 if sin 𝜃 = 5.

Solution:
3
sin 𝜃 = 5
3
𝜃 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
5
𝜽 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟖𝟕𝟎

5
Example 2. Find 𝜃 if cos 𝜃 = 13
.

Solution:
5
cos 𝜃 =
13
5
𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 ( )
13
𝜽 = 𝟔𝟕. 𝟑𝟖𝟎

8
Example 3. Find 𝜃 if tan 𝜃 = 10
.

Solution:
8
tan 𝜃 = 10
8
𝜃 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )
10
𝜽 = 𝟑𝟖. 𝟔𝟔𝟎

Activity 1. Use and Name Me!

Direction: Use triangle △ 𝐷𝐴𝑃 to answer the following questions.

1. What is the length of the side opposite the right angle?

2. What is the adjacent side of angle4 𝑃? angle 𝐷?
3. What is the measure of angle 𝐷? How about angle 𝑃?
4. List the six trigonometric ratios of angles 𝐷 and 𝑃.
Activity 2. Find Me!
Use the triangle △ 𝐷𝐸𝐹 to find the unknown value.
𝐷
1. 𝐹 = 250 and 𝑒 = 35𝑐𝑚, find 𝑑.
2. 𝐹 = 760 and 𝑑 = 20, find 𝑓. 𝑒
𝑓
3. 𝐹 = 70 and 𝑑 = 20, find 𝑒.
0

4. 𝑑 = 10 and 𝑓 = 12, find 𝑒.

𝐸 𝐹
𝑑
Activity 3. My Ladder Length!

You wanted to watch the stars with

your friends in the rooftop of your
house, and so you use a ladder to
get through the rooftop, such that
the angle between the ground
and the ladder is 600 and the
measure of the wall is 3.7meters (as
shown in the illustration). How high
is the ladder?

Formative Test

1. Which of the following is an equivalent ratio for cosecant?

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
a. 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
b. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 c. 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒
d. ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒

2. What is the reciprocal of sine?

a. secant b. cosecant c.tangent d.cotangent

3. In right triangle PQR, PQ = 12 cm and QR = 5 cm. What is cos R?

12 5 5 12
a. b. c. d.
13 13 12 5

4. Find the value of side c to the nearest unit.

a. 20 c. 23

b. 22 d. 24

5
 5. Which of the following statements is correct?
y
a. 𝑥 = 8 c. sin 60° = 4
1 4
b. sin30° = d. cos 60° =
x y

Answer Key

Activity 1.
1. Applying the Pythagorean Theorem,

hypotenuse, c = √(12)2 + 92 = √144 + 81 = √225 = 𝟏𝟓 𝒊𝒏

2. Adjacent side of < P = 9in

Adjacent side of < D = 12in
4. All sides are given, and so
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 9
3. cos 𝛽 = = the six trigonometric ratios
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 15
cos 𝑃 = .60 𝑜𝑟 530 are applicable

Thus, 1800 = 900 + 530 + D

𝐷 = 1800 − 900 − 530
𝐷 = 𝟑𝟕𝟎
Activity 2.
1. Solving for the adjacent leg, 𝑑 2. Solving for the opposite leg, 𝑓
𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑 𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑓
cos 250 = = tan 760 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 35 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 20
𝑑 = 35 cos 250 𝑑 = 20 tan 760
𝑑 = 35 (0.906) 𝑑 = 20 (4.011)
𝑑 = 31.71 ≈ 𝟑𝟐 𝒄𝒎 𝑑 = 80.22 ≈ 𝟖𝟎 𝒄𝒎

2. Solving for the hypotenuse leg, 𝑒 4.Applying the Pythagorean Theorem,

𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡 20 hypotenuse, e = √(10)2 + (12) = √100 + 144 = √244
cos 700 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑒
20
𝑒 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 700 𝑒 = 15.62 ≈ 𝟏𝟔 𝒄𝒎
20
𝑒=
0.342
𝑒 = 58.48 ≈ 𝟓𝟖 𝒄𝒎
Activity 3.
Solving for the hypotenuse, ladder
𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑒 3.7𝑚
sine 600 = =
ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒 ℎ𝑦𝑝𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑠𝑒
3.7𝑚 3.7𝑚
𝑙𝑎𝑑𝑑𝑒𝑟 = 0
= = 4.27𝑚
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 60 0.866

References

Grade 9 Mathematics Learner’s Material pages 430-446

6
Math-Grade 9 Alternative Delivery Mode, Quarter 4,Wk.1 - Module 1: The Trigonometric Ratios.
First Edition 2020