ARTS APPRECIATION

CHAPTER 16 & 17

GROUP 9
 CHAPTER 16:
ARTS IN CORDILLERA
REGION
 BACKGROUND:

The Cordillera central mountain range, dubbed

”the Cordilleras” or sometimes referred to as ”The
Highlands”, is the largest in the Philippines. This
mountainous area is located in North Luzon. On the
Northeast it borders ”Cagayan Valley”. Whereas
the Southwest border is with the ” Ilocos Region”.
 BACKGROUND:

These indigenous groups are

generally referred to as “
Igorots ”.
The Bontoc Museum, included in
all our Sagada Tours, hosts many
of the traditional garments, tools
used by the various ethnic tribes
in the Mountain Province.
 BACKGROUND:
The  Cordillera Region  is
known  for its rich mineral
deposits, such as gold and
copper found in the
mineral belt traversing the
entire mountain region.
BACKGROUND: The Cordillera Region is
known for its unique
musical instruments
including the gangsa
kalinga, nose flute,
bamboo flute, buzzer,
bangibang, tongatong, di
wdiw-as, saggeypo, and
bamboo zither. The region
is also known for their
dance, arts, and crafts
like wood-carving, ibaloi
basket, loom weaving,
tinalik, lion clothes called
ikat, amulets, tattoo,
akob, bobo, suklang and
ikat weaving.
 BACKGROUND:
Arts in Cordillera Region
must be given a place in the
study of humanities in the
same way we emphasized
and gave importance in
the arts of Muslim
Mindanao. Cordillera are not
only peace-loving people,
they are also artistic lovers
of nature as evidence by
their art in wood carving.
WOODCRAFT
1.BULOL
It is also known
bul-ul, is a carved
wooden figure used
to guard the rice
crop by the Ifugao
people of Northern
Luzon.
2.Solibao

A solibao is a
conical tenor
drum played
by the Bontoc
and Ibaloi
people of the
Philippines.
MUSIC
The Cordillera region is known for its unique
musical instruments including the gangsa
kalinga, nose flute, bamboo flute, buzzer,
bangibang, tongatong, diwdiw-as, saggeypo,
and bamboo zither.
These are some characteristics of music in
Cordillera.
1. Music is very much part of life and living.
2. Have a rich variety of songs and music
performed on instruments.
3. Often performed in groups, all members of
the community are welcomed and encouraged to
join the singing, dancing and playing instruments.
4. Their music is communal and participatory.
LIFE CYCLE MUSIC
Birth to childhood
*Owiwi-relate a child's life.
*Dagdagay-foretells the baby's future.
*Oppiya-sung while cradling
Love, courtship and marriage
* Chag-ay-an expression of secret love.
*Oggayam-greetings and advice to newly weds of
kalinga.
Death Rite Music
*Didiyaw-song to a dead child
* Sangsangit-a dirge of Isneg
WORK SONG
*Sowe-ey - Rice pounding song.
*Dakuyon- kalinga song for hunting bats.
*Dinaweg- Ilongot song for catching wild boar.
*Owayat - Song for gathering firewood for Ilongot.
*Chey-assa-Rice pounding song sung in groups.
CEREMONIAL MUSIC
*Kapoya-son of Bontoc for curing ceremonies
*Angba-still for curing ceremonies
* Dawak - curing ceremonies for Ilongot.

ENTERTAINMENT SONG
*Hud-hud-epic song of Ifugao
*Alim-leader chorus style of music of Ifugao where two groups of singers reply
to 2 make leaders.
*Dang Dang-ay-Kalinga entertainment song.
Here are the important
activities where music is
utilized.
1. Peace pacts
2. Healing rituals
3. Invocation of the gods
4. Rites of passage
5. Weddings and festivals
6. Other life cycle events
such as birth, coming of
age, work, marriage and
death.
INDIGENOUS MATERIALS
Abaca fiber come from the abaca plant that is
endemic and grown in the country. It is woven chiefly to
make sinamay fabric. Abaca is popular in making a rope,
specialty papers like vacuum bags, currency, and tea
bags. There are also handcrafts like bags, furniture,
carpets and clothing made of abaca.
Rattan is a flexible
and sustainable natural
material that can be weaved
into many different things,
including furniture.

Known for its durability during

rainy season as the rattan
contracts when wet, making the
weave tighter and less prone to
splitting. PASIKING
 A giant woody grass that grows chiefly in
BAMBOO the topics, where it is widely cultivated.

“Every bamboo forest hides the

instruments for a whole orchestra”.Its
natural hollow form makes bamboo an
obvious choice for many traditional
Tongatong instruments

Bamboo has been used to create a

variety of instruments including
flutes, mouth organs, saxophones,
trumpets, drums, xylophones.
Bamboo is generally used for the
Isneg House house posts and roof.
WOOD
A hard fiboruos materials that
forms the main substance of the
trunk or branches of a tree or
shrub.

● Narra
● Ipil-ipil
ClAY
A stiff, sticky fine-grained earth, typically yellow, red, or
blush-gray in color and often forming an impermeable layer in
the soil. It can be molded when wet, and is dried and baked to
make bricks, pottery and ceramics.
Cogon.a type
of tall grass
commonly used
to build thatched
roofing.
INDIGENOUS HOUSES
● NORTHERN ● SOUTHERN STRAINS
STRAINS
1. Ifugao House
2. Kankanay House
1. Isneg House 3. Bontoc House
2. Kalinga House 4. Ibaloi House

● Octagonal Kalinga House is a

combination of both strains.
Northern styles Southern Styles

Girders
Northern Styles
FAYU HOUSE (Bontoc House )

● Dwellings for the rich Bontoc

people made of wood and
cogon
1. Built directly on the ground
2. Square plan
3. Sloping, pyramidal roof which
is 1.2 M from the ground
4. Windowless
5. Access to the house is
through a doorway which is 0.40
M wide.
Sagada House Fayu House
Katyufong House ( Bontoc House)

● Poor man’s dwelling •

Widows and old women also
live in this type of house.
1. Single-storey structure
2. Built directly on the ground
3. No granary in the house
4. Walls are made of mud and is
completely enclosed
KATYUFONG HOUSE(
BONTOC HOUSE),
CORDILLERA REGION
Binuron/ Isneg House
 ISNEG / ITNEG HOUSE
,CORDILLERA REGION

Location: Cordillera Region

Feature: Inverted traditional
isneg boat Gable Roof
Binayon /Finaryon ( kalinga )
BINAYON /FINARYON
House (Bontoc & Kalinga)
Foruy house( Kalinga )

● Also called as BULOY/ FULOY

● Rectangular-shaped dwellings in Lower Kalinga class. •
made of pinewood/bamboo and otop
● Roofing made up of 8-10 Layers of cut bamboo laid one
above the other.
● Removable wall panel .
● Elevated floor along the perimeter of the wall that can be
used both for seating and sleeping purposes.
KANKANAY/ KANKANAI/ BINANGIYAN
HOUSE

● House made of narra or pine.

● Box like house with pyramidal hip roof.
● above the ground, thereby concealing
the house cage. The roof rests on the
upper frame of the house cage, and
the house cage in turn rests on a
three joists-on- two girders-on-four
posts structure.
 KANKANAY/
KANKANAI/
BINANGIYAN HOUSE

Bontoc and Kalinga House

Location: Cordillera Region
Feature: Elevated at 1.50 meters
from the ground; with narra floor
rested on 3 floor joist
IBALOI
REFERENCES :

https://www.slideshare.net/saiAltovar/prespanish-arc
hitecture-presentation

https://historyofarchitecture.weebly.com/vernacular-h
ouses.html

https://www.chegg.com/flashcards/vernacular-house
s-of-the-north-ph-f6d89d6c-fe98-4593-9abf-9f8d8f
92cf93/deck
BAHAY KUBO
BAHAY NA BATO
 IVATAN HOUSE
Ivatan people of Batanes have a very different
style of Bahay na bato. They are called
Sinadumparan. As the islands of Batanes was
absorbed to the colonial nation the Philippines
much later through Spanish conquest, the
Sinadumparan was developed much laters as well.
Combining Pre-colonial Ivatan style and Colonial
Filipino style (Bahay na bato). Sinadumpraran
house has two buildings; One is kitchen and
Another is the living area building called Rakuh. The
Filipino colonial style (Bahay na bato) influence is
very evident in the Rakuh building.
 • Part of the Ivatan’s
The stone houses of Batanes are a symbol of preparedness against disasters is
the Ivatan’s strength and resilience. Batanes, the strength of the structure of
the northernmost province in the Philippines, their houses. Traditional Ivatan
lies in the path of most of the 20 or so tropical homes are constructed with
cyclones that enter the country every year.
cobbles and mortar, made out
of thick limestone walls and
While strong winds and typhoons frequently hit thatched cogon roofs. They
the area, damaging crops and infrastructure have walls as thick as 80
and leaving locals without power and water, centimeters to one meter. Doors
casualties remain at zero. and windows are made of
sturdy hardwood planks while
roofs are made of thatched
cogon.
 UYUGAN IS SAID TO BE THE
TOWN WITH THE MOST NUMBER
OF INTACT STONE HOUSES IN
BATAN ISLAND, PARTICULARLY IN
ITBUD AND CENTRO
(KAYVALUGANAN AND
KAYUGANAN). MOST TOURS JUST
DRIVE THROUGH UYUGAN AND
ITBUD. IT'S ACTUALLY THE FIRST
TIME I GOT TO WALK AROUND
THE TOWN PROPER AND ITBUD.
• They were changing the cogon
on the roof of one of the stone
houses while we were there.
There are two roof types in
Batanes stone houses. The
maytuab type of cogon roof has
four sides. While the
sinadumparan style has only two
sides.
 ITBUD IS THE MOST INTACT BARANGAY IN BATAN ISLAND. EXCEPT FOR THE CHURCH WHICH THE PRIEST
DEMOLISHED JUST A FEW YEARS BACK TO BUILD A BIGGER CHURCH (THEY REPLACED IT WITH A HORRIBLE
HOLLOW-BLOCK STRUCTURE), THE BARANGAY STILL HAS A LOT OF OLD STONE HOUSES. UNFORTUNATELY, THE
HOUSES WILL NOT BE PICTURE PERFECT UNTIL THE MAY ELECTIONS ARE OVER SINCE THERE ARE CAMPAIGN
POSTERS EVERYWHERE.
• Most Bahay na batos' foundations in
Visayas are coral stone material though
many are still adobe and bricks. Cebu,
Bohol, Negros and Iloilo are famous for
their Bahay na bato houses. Throughout
the Visayas, the craft of cutting stone or
coral was virtually elevated into a fine
art, with blocks fitting so precisely into
each other that not even a razor blade
could be inserted between blocks. The
material was so durable that it did not
have to be protected with a layer of
paletada. This art was brought by the
Visayan settlers to the coastal towns of
Mindanao.
THE RIZAL SHRINE IS A TYPICAL RECTANGULAR BAHAY NA BATO, REMINISCENT OF UPPER-CLASS FILIPINO HOMES BUILT
DURING THE SPANISH COLONIAL ERA.[7] THE LOWER PORTION IS MADE OF ADOBE STONE AND BRICK, WHILE THE UPPER
PORTION CONSISTS OF HARDWOOD.[7] THE ORIGINAL INTERIOR FLOORING OF THE HOUSE WAS DISCOVERED DURING
RECONSTRUCTION AND UTILIZED.[1] IT HAS SLIDING WINDOWS MADE OF CAPIZ SHELLS,[7] THE EXTERIOR WALLS ARE
PAINTED GREEN (ORIGINALLY WHITE) AND THE ROOF IS CONSTRUCTED OF RED CERAMIC TILE.
• bahay na bato means "house of stone", these houses are not fully made up of
stone; some are even dominated more by wooden materials, and some more
modern ones use concrete materials. The name got applied to the
architecture as generations pass by, because contrary to its predecessor
bahay kubo, which are fully made of organic materials, it uses stone materials.

• Different styles depend on each house's individual appearance. For example,

some Bahay na bato do not have ventanillas, some do not have Capiz
windows, and some lack both. Some have galvanized roofs, some have tiled
roofs, and some have nipa or cogon roofs. First-level walls may be made of
bricks, adobe stones, or coral stones; more modern structures uses concrete or
wood. Although retaining the basic form, the 19th-century bahay na bato
reflected changing tastes through the incorporation of motifs from the
prevalent styles.
• Historical BackgroundofBahay na BatoThe 19th century townhouse,
calledbahay na bato, was a product of economic and social
developments, as well as architectural evolution. With the opening of Manila
to international trade in 1834 and the openingof the Suez Canal in 1869,
trade and agricultural production rose to exhilarating heights and increased
the fortunes of the native aristocracy, particularly in the provinces. Wealth
became the passport to higher education not only in Manila but also in
Europe. The elite orprincipaliaincluded landowners and traders, as well as
professionals—physicians and accountants—and the highly educated,
cosmopolitanillustrado(literally, enlightened). The lifestyle and aspirations,
and even pretensions of the upper class demanded a new type of
dwelling—spacious, durable, comfortable, impressive, noble, and
elegant—the bahay na bato.Several house forms contributed to the
emergence of the bahay na bato. One of its ancestors is the nipa hut
orbahay kubo, which in itself might not have been a worthy dwelling for the
illustrado, but whose principles of design were too practical to be ignored.
The steep hip roof, elevated quarters, post-and-lintel construction, and
maximized ventilation are features of the bahay kubo thatappear in grand
style in the bahay na bato.
• A second ancestor may have been the native chieftain’s house described
by Antonio Morga in the 17th century, which was elevated, sturdily built of
timber, well-furnished, and spacious, having many rooms. A thirdinfluence
may have also been the houses of the Spanish residents of Intramuros,
which combined native and the foreign styles of building in their
two-storey houses with wooden posts and beams, stone walls around the
ground floor, and timber construction above. Finally, another model for
the bahay na bato may have been theconvento, rectory or monastery,
built adjacent to the mission church, an authoritative presence in the
center of the town which must have antedated the bahay na bato.
Extravagantly spacious and solidly built, it could have become the local
standard for grandeur.In general, the bahay na bato may be described
as a house with wooden legs and a stone skirt, a style of construction
which makes the house a sure survivor of earthquakes. The wooden frame
gives it both flexibility and stability, while the one-storey high stone wall is
less likely
• collapse. Large wooden posts are sunk into the ground but stand high
enough to carry the roof. The posts are independent of both stone wall
below and wooden walls above. Because they are of exceptionally
precious hardwood, they are worth displaying.In short, thenipa hut
orbahay kubogave way to theBahay na bato(stone house) and became
the typical house of noble Filipinos. TheBahay na bato, the colonial Filipino
house, followed the nipa hut's arrangements such as open ventilation and
elevated apartments. The most obvious difference between the two
houses would be the materials that were used to build them. The Bahay
Na Bato, literally house of stone is the ColonialFilipino Noble House. The
architecture is a mixture of native Filipino, Spanish and Chinese
influences.Excellent preserved examples of these houses of the illustrious
Filipinos can be admired inVigan,Ilocos Sur.InTaal, Batangas, the main
street is also lined with examples of the traditional Filipino homes.The
bahay na bato represents the apex in the development of indigenous
Filipino architecture, because its expands the prototypal structure of the
ethnic house from a one-room dwelling to a multi-roomed house of grand
scale, while preserving the basic features, and because it adapts Western
architectural influences to form a synthesis of native and immigrant art.
The bahay na bato is a product of economic progress and cultural
adaptation, and as such is a symbol ofthe affluent Westernized Filipino.
• . It stands as a reminder of the social situation which has not significantly changed even
with the introduction of democracy, public education, and free enterprise.Spaces
inside the Bahay na BatoThe living quarters areelevated and are reached through an
interior stairway located in thezaguanon the ground floor. The zaguanwith its naked
stonework is a grim entrance hall but with its abundant space is the perfect storeroom
for just about everything. The stairsare notonly a means of access but also the setting for
a stately arrival. A surrounding balustrade detached from the wall provides room all
around for welcoming committee and prolonged farewells.The stairs, on the other
hand, lead up to the caidaor upper entrance hall. Opening to thecaidais thesalaor
living room. Bedrooms flank the sala and nearby are the dining room. At the rear of the
house are the kitchen and next to it, the open-airazotea. Running along the front and
sides of the house and flanking themajor rooms is thevolada, a gallery which protects
the rooms from the heat of the sun. Along the voladais an elaborate system of
windows. The broad, massive window sill is grooved and holds two to three sets of
sliding shutters: a set of wooden louvers or jalousies, a set of capiz or oyster shell shutters,
and occasionally, a set of glass-paned shutters. Between the window sill and the floor
runs theventanilla, with sliding wooden shutters and wooden balustrades or iron grills.
Wide double doors are flung open to join each room to adjacent rooms. With all doors
open, the house becomes one big hall. The interior of the bahay na bato is a striking
example of a space.
Group 9

Ifugao Bale
Anabelia P. Sioting
 Ifugao Bale
The Eskimos or Inuits of Alaska have their igloos.
The indigenous people of the western hemisphere
or more familiarly known as “American Indians”
have their teepees or wigwams. In the Cordillera
Mountains of the Philippines, the Ifugaos have Your Logo or Name Here
native huts.
 Ifugao Bale

Similar to a studio-type
condominium unit, the
Ifugao house is a
multi-functional one-room
shelter where the entire
family – father, mother
and pre-pubescent
children- live, sleep, cook
and eat. Built by local
carpenters called
munhabats, these houses
are architectural wonders 68
of their own.

Your Logo or Name Here

Divider Slide
Title

The Ifugao House have three functional

levels: the ground 69
floor, the second level for
the living quarters and the third level which
was used as the granary.

Your Logo or Name Here

FALE,BALE
(IFUGAO HOUSE)
THANK YOU