Mark Scheme (Results)

January 2018

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Biology (4BI0) Paper 2B

 

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January 2018
Publications Code 4BI0_2B_1801_MS 
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2018

 
 

General Marking Guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised
for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared
to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit
according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.

 
 

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

1 (a) (transfer of pollen) from anther to stigma (by insects); 1

(b) 1. yellow; max 1

2. nectar;

(c) max 3
1. less surface area / less leaf area / less leaf;

2. (less) chloroplasts / chlorophyll;

3. (less) light trapped / absorbed / eq;

4. (less) photosynthesis;

5. (less) energy / ATP / carbohydrate / starch / sugar / glucose / 5. Ignore food

eq;

(d) max 2
1. feed on /eat / consume / damage / other plants / eq; 1. Ignore kill

2. affect food chains / food webs;

3. may become a pest / numbers increase as not eaten /

they have no predator / eq;

 
 

(e) 1. mutation; max 3

2. resistant to poison; 2. Ignore immunity

3. reproduce / breed / mate / (produce) offspring;

4. pass on allele / gene / DNA (for resistance);

(f) 1. less light (into eye); 2

2. retina / rod cells / cone cells / fovea;

(g) 57.2 / 57;; Allow one mark for 2

0.11 x 520 /
11 ÷ 100 x 520 in
working
(h) hepatic portal vein; 1

(i) 1. temperature / warmth / suitable temperature; 1. Reject heat max 1

2. water / moisture / rain; 2. Reject humidity / fog

3. oxygen; 3. Reject air

List = 0 if one incorrect

eg. carbon dioxide and
water = 0

moist soil = 0

 
 

(j) 1. grass grows / grass not eaten / other plants grow / Allow converse max 2
other plants not eaten / eq;

2. competition for named abiotic factor; 2. Ignore nutrients /

resources

3. (less) excretion / faeces / manure / urine; 3. Ignore seed dispersal

Total 18 marks

 
 

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

2 (a) (i) C; 1

(ii) E and F only; A, E and F = 0 1

E alone = 0

F alone = 0

(b) max 2

1. thick wall;

2. muscle;

3. elastic;

4. valves;

(c) (i) 0.5;; Allow one mark for 40 2

in working, but not if 40
+ 0.03 + 15

 
 

(ii) 1. blood flow is slow(er); 2

2. more (time for) diffusion / gas exchange / 2. Reject faster diffusion

oxygen uptake / carbon dioxide removal;
Fast flow means more
diffusion = 0

Lots of capillaries so more

diffusion = 0

Total 8 marks

 
 
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

3 (fish numbers decrease) max 6

1. sewage decomposed / decomposers / decomposition /

broken down / digested / eq;

2. bacteria / fungi / microorganisms;

3. (less) oxygen / eq;

4. respiration (by bacteria / for fish);

(decrease in algae numbers)

5. less light for photosynthesis; 5. Ignore if caused

by algae growth
(increase in algae numbers)

7. more light for photosynthesis /

more carbon dioxide (from bacteria respiration) for photosynthesis;

8. (more) mineral ions / named mineral ion;

9. fewer fish to feed on algae;

Total 6 marks

 
 
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

4(a) (i) sulfur dioxide; Allow pollutant / pollution 1

(ii) rate of translocation; 1

(iii) 1. temperature / CO2 / light / pH; 1. Reject time / max 1

concentration of SO2
2. size / mass / age / species / type / young bean plants /
one mature and one young leaf / eq; 

(b) (i)  arrow from mature leaf to stem / arrow from stem to young leaf; 1

Allow one arrow if from

mature leaf to young leaf

 
 

(ii) phloem; 1

(iii) sucrose / amino acid(s) / water / minerals / ions / named mineral; Reject fructose / glucose 1  
/ oxygen / carbon dioxide
/ nutrients

Starch and sucrose = 0

Glucose and sucrose = 0

(c) (more photosynthesis) Allow converse max 3

1. (more) product / glucose / carbohydrate / sugar made; Ignore references to

concentration gradient
2. (more) sucrose;

3. (more) translocation / transport;

4. (more) respiration

5. (more) active transport;

 
 

(d) max 4

1. (dissolves) in water in clouds;

2. sulfuric acid / sulfurous acid;

3. acid(ic) rain;

4. lowers pH;

5. leaching;

6. affects crops / trees / plants / fish / aquatic life / eq; 6. Ignore destroys
habitats / harms animals
/ leads to extinction /
affects food chains / less
photosynthesis / loss of
species / death of
organisms

Total 13 marks

 
 
Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

5 (a) (i) 1. pasteurisation / heat milk to 80 to 90 oC / boil milk; 1. Ignore sterilise / max 4
high temperature

2. kill bacteria / microorganisms; 2. Reject kills lactic acid

bacteria
3. cool / reduce temperature;
Cool not to kill
4. (add) Lactobacillus / Streptococcus; Lactobacillus = 2
  
5. leave for stated time between 3 to 12 hours;

6. at 30 to 45 oC / optimum temperature / warm place;

(ii) bones / teeth / prevents rickets; 1

(iii) 1. less risk of heart disease / of blocking arteries / of stroke / Allow converse max 1
having high blood pressure / of high cholesterol;

2. less risk of obesity / being overweight / of weight gain / 2. Ignore less calories /
less heavy / more weight loss; less energy /
healthy weight 
3. less risk of type 2 diabetes;
 

 
 

(b) max 2

1. contains no lactose / lactose no longer in yoghurt / 1. Lactose has been

yoghurt is lactose-free; digested = 1

2. digested / broken down;

3. respiration / fermentation;

4. lactic acid;

(c) 1. no need to add sugar / eq; 1. Ignore sweeten / max 2

fructose / fewer calories
2. provide vitamin C which prevents scurvy / helps skin /
tissue repair / immunity / stick cells together /
connective tissue / gums / eq;

3. provide vitamin A which helps vision / sight /

sight in dim light / immune system / disease resistance / skin /
eq;

4. provide fibre / roughage / cellulose

which prevents constipation /
helps peristalsis / movement through gut / eq;

Total 10 marks

 
 

Question
Answer Notes Marks
number

6 (a) (i) contains DNA/gene/allele/genetic material from another species; Gene from another 1
organism = 0

(ii) 1. more (organisms) produced; 1. Ignore faster max 2

production
2. genetically identical;

3. (named characteristic) insulin / heart / human organs /

antibodies / drugs / clotting proteins / disease resistance /
frost resistance / eq;

4. no need to repeat GM process / eq;

(b)

1. incubate at 25 oC / not at 37 oC / not at body temperature / eq; 1. Ignore right max 2

temperature

2. do not open / tape / seal /cover (plates/culture/flask) / eq; 2. Ignore airtight

3. use non-pathogenic strains / eq;

4. mask / gloves / goggles / labcoat / fume cupboard / eq;

5. eg. sterilise work
5. description of sterile technique;
surface / flame loop /
wipe surface with
disinfectant 

Total 5 marks
 
 

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