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Transient Thermal Vibration

The document discusses thermal transient vibrations in turbomachinery, including causes such as uneven rotor temperatures leading to unbalance, and recommendations for resolving issues like nonlinearity before balancing. Thermal stresses can cause bowing in steam or gas turbine rotors. Case studies of specific machinery are presented.

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Jarot Prakoso
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513 views18 pages

Transient Thermal Vibration

The document discusses thermal transient vibrations in turbomachinery, including causes such as uneven rotor temperatures leading to unbalance, and recommendations for resolving issues like nonlinearity before balancing. Thermal stresses can cause bowing in steam or gas turbine rotors. Case studies of specific machinery are presented.

Uploaded by

Jarot Prakoso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Turbo machinery Analysis

&
Diagnostics
©MCS 2020
©MCS 2020
©MCS 2020
• Thermal Transient Vibrations are related to unequal rotor temperatures in
Turbomachinery, leading to unbalance. They introduce a 1X unbalance vector at rotating
frequency and particularly occur in power generation units. This includes steam turbine
rotors, gas turbine rotors, and generator rotors. Non-Rotor sources include thermal growth
at bearing housings-supports, or piping temperature expansion strains.
• Thermal Transients impact field balancing data gathering. Do not use unsteady data; wait
until steady phase and amplitude at balancing runs. This can take hours. It is recommended
to take no load, half load, and full load run data to compare and improve balancing.
• Thermal transient vibration sources include thermal bowing of rotors, labyrinth rubs,
electro-thermal heating hot spots at generator bars, thermal inertia of turbine rotor or
generator parts, Non Homogeneous Forged Rotors, loosening of built-up turbine wheels,
and misalignment on coupled machinery trains.
• Can be confusing to resolve because correct phase angles and amplitudes are distorted by
Non Linearity. Before Balancing: Must first resolve Non Linearity such as misalignment at
bearing housings, misalignment at couplings, looseness in foundations, looseness at
bearings,
©MCS 2020 looseness at bearing housings, and piping strains.
• Thermal Stresses occur transiently in
steam or gas turbine rotors.
• This is a High Pressure Steam Turbine
casing and rotor.
• The rotor will have different
sectional temperature distribution,
leading to unequal thermal growth.
• This leads to thermal bowing and
unequal radial growth.
• Result is rotor vibration at 1X running
frequency. However, with rubbing at
labyrinths, a 0.5X vibration with
Backward Whirl can be seen.
• Some forgings are Heat Sensitive;
this means that even if allowed to
heat up slowly and evenly, it will still
deflect.
©MCS 2020
©MCS 2020
• Thermal Rub Stresses can produce
cyclic vibrations which occur
transiently in steam and gas turbine
rotors or generators.
• Graph: Change of 1X vibrations
versus time at transducer location
B20 Generator Bearing, Exciter
side. Amplitudes are changing
between 10 to 50 μm. The period
of one cycle is about 12 hours.
• In gas cooled Turbogenerators shaft
sealing rings are fitted to prevent
the pressurized gas in the stator
space from leaking past the shaft
into the surroundings.
• The seal mountings are oil
lubricated and their motion in the
oil produces a force on the ring,
which is transferred to the shaft.
The heat arising from the resulting
friction loss is partly absorbed into
the2020
©MCS shaft.
©MCS 2020
• Steam Turbine rotor 3600 rpm, 90 MW
combined cycle unit. The turbine
experienced high vibration relative to
thermal loading and power load. The
rotor experienced shaft deformation
due to packing rub.
• The High Pressure rotor was received
with a bow of 0.040” TIR in the N-3
packing gland area of the rotor. This
amount of runout would not allow the
rotor to spin up through critical speeds.
MD&A [https://www.mdaturbines.com]
successfully straightened the HP rotor
to 0.003” TIR using a thermal
straightening process. The HP rotor was
balanced and overspeed tested.
©MCS 2020
©MCS 2020
©MCS 2020
©MCS 2020
©MCS 2020
• Shorted turns.
• Blocked ventilation or
Unsymmetrical
cooling
• Insulation variation
• Wedge fit or tight
slots.
• Retaining
Ring/Centering Ring
Assembly Movement
• Heat Sensitive Rotor
Forging
• Distance Block Fitting
©MCS 2020
• A 3000 rpm Turbogenerator unit
suffered from abnormal vibration
fault of its Generator. Its first- and
second-order critical speed was
1052 rpm and 2736 rpm,
respectively.
• The shaft vibrations fluctuated
periodically in constant speed
operation. The synchronous
component was dominant in
frequency spectrum. Fluctuation
cycle was 24 minutes. Direct
vibration amplitude at bearing A
fluctuated between 63.3 μm and
95.5 μm, with a range of 32.2 μm.
Cause was unbalance whirl-and
shaft-bearing response.
©MCS 2020
©MCS 2020
Turbo machinery Analysis
&
Diagnostics

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