PROPERTIES OF COMMON SPRING MATERIALS

Tensile Properties Torsional Properties

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Design
Minimum Tensile Modulus of Stress ➀ Modulus in Maximum ➁
Nominal Tensiles Strength Elasticity E % Minimum Torsion G Temperature Rockwell Method of Manufacture
3 6
Material Analysis psi x 10 psi x 10 Tensile psi x 10 6 °F °C Hardness Chief Uses Special Properties
Music Wire C 70-1.00% Cold drawn high and uniform tensile
5/24/04

ASTM A 228 Mn .20 - 60% 230-399 30 45 11.5 250 121 C41-60 High quality springs and wire forms
Hard Drawn C .45-85% CLI 147-283 Cold drawn. Average stress applications.
ASTM A 227 Mn .60 - 1.30% CLII 171-324 30 40 11.5 250 121 C31-52 Lower cost springs and wire forms
High Tensile Hard Drawn C .65 - 1.00% Cold drawn.
9:17 AM

ASTM A 679 Mn .20 - 1.30% 238-350 30 45 11.5 250 121 C41-60 Higher quality springs and wire forms.
Oil Tempered C .55 - .85% CLI 165-293 Cold drawn and heat treated before
ASTM A 229 Mn .60 - 1.20% CLII 191-324 30 45 11.5 250 121 C42-55 fabrication. General purpose spring wire.

High Carbon Spring Wire

Carbon Valve C .60 - .75% C45-49 Cold drawn and heat treated before fabrication.
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ASTM A 230 Mn .60 - 90% 215-240 30 45 11.5 250 121 Good surface condition and uniform tensile.
Chrome Vanadium C .48 - 53% Cold drawn and heat treated before
ASTM A 231 Cr .80 - 1.10% fabrication. Used for shock loads
V .15% Min. 190-300 30 45 11.5 425 218.5 C41-55 and moderately elevated temperature.
Chrome Silicon C .51 - .59% Cold drawn and heat treated before
ASTM A 401 Cr .60 - .80% fabrication. Used for shock loads

Alloy Steel Wire

Si 1.20 - 1.60% 235-300 30 45 11.5 475 246 C48-55 and moderately elevated temperature.
AISI 302/304 CR 17 - 19% Cold drawn general purpose corrosion
ASTM A 313 NI 8. - 10.% 125-325 28 30-40 10 550 288 C35-45 and heat resistant. Magnetic in spring temper.
AISI 316 Cr 16. - 18.% Cold drawn. Heat resistant and better
ASTM A 313 Ni 10. - 14.% corrosion resistance than 302.
Mo 2. - 3.% 110-245 28 40 10 550 288 C35-45 Magnetic in spring temper.
17-7PH Cr 16. - 18.% Cold drawn and precipitation hardened after fabrication.
ASTM A 313 (631) NI 6.5 - 7.5% Cond CH High strength and general purpose corrosion resistance.

Stainless Steel Wire

Al .75 - 1.5% 235-335 29.5 45 11 650 343 C38-57 Slightly magnetic in spring temper.
Phosphor Bronze Grade A Cu 94. - 96.% Cold drawn. Good corrosion resistance
ASTM B 159 Sn 4. - 6.% 105-145 15 40 6.25 200 93.3 B98-104 and electrical conductivity.
Beryllium Copper Cu 98% Cold drawn and may be mill hardened before fabrication.
ASTM B 197 BE 2% 150-230 18.5 45 7.0 400 204 C35-42 Good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity.
High physicals.
Monel 400 Ni 66% Cold drawn. Good corrosion resistance
AMS 7233 Cu 31.5% at moderately elevated temperature.
C/Fe 145-180 26 40 9.5 450 232 C23-32
Monel K 500 Ni 65.0% Excellent corrosion resistance

Non-Ferrous Alloy Wire

QQ-N -286➂ Cu 29.5% at moderately elevated temperature.
C/Fe/Al/Ti 160-200 26 40 9.5 550 288 C23-35
A 286 Alloy Ni 26.% Cold drawn and precipitation hardened
Cr 15.% after fabrication. Good corrosion
Fe 53.% 160-200 29 35 10.4 950 510 C35-42 resistance at elevated temperature.
Inconel 600 Ni 76.% Cold drawn. Good corrosion resistance
QQ-W-390➂ Cr 15.8% at elevated temperature
Fe 7.2% 170-230 31 40 11.0 700 371 C35-45
Inconel 718 Ni 52.5% Cold drawn and precipitation hardened
Cr 18.6% after fabrication. Good corrosion
Fe 18.5% 210-250 29 40 11.2 1100 593 C45-50 resistance at elevated temperature.
Inconel x 750 Ni 73.% Cold drawn and precipitation hardened

High Temperature Alloy Wire

AMS 5698, 5699 Cr 15.% No.IT 155 min. C34-39 after fabrication. Good corrosion
Fe 6.75% Spg. T 190-230 31 40 12 750-1100 399-593 C42-48 resistance at elevated temperature.
 Medium Carbon C .47 - .55% B85 Max Cold rolled annealed or tempered.
ASTM 682 AISI 1050 Mn .60 - .90% 160-280 30 250 121 Annld. General purpose applications.
C38-50
Temp.

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Regular Carbon C .69 - .80% B85 Max. Cold rolled annealed or tempered.
ASTM 685 AISI 1074 Mn .58 - .80% 160-320 30 250 121 Annld. Most popular for flat springs.
C38-50
Temp.
High Carbon C .90 - 1.04% B88 Max. Cold rolled annealed or tempered.
5/24/04

ASTM 682 AISI 1095 Mn .30 - .50% 180-340 30 250 121 Annld. High stress flat springs.
C40-52

Cold Rolled Carbon Steel Strip

Temp.
AISI 301 Cr 16. - 18.% Cold rolled to high yeild strength.
9:17 AM

Ni 6. - 8.% 240-270 28 300 149 C48-52 Magnetic in spring temper.

AISI 302 Cr 17. - 19.% Cold rolled. General purpose corrosion and heat resistant.
Ni 8. - 10.% 185-230 28 550 288 C42-48 Magnetic in spring temper.
AISI 316 Cr 16. - 18.% Cold rolled heat resistant and better
Ni 10. - 14.% corrosion resistance than 302.
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Mo 2. - 3.% 170-230 28 550 288 C38-48 Magnetic in spring temper.

17-7 PH Cr 16. - 18.% Cold rolled and precipitation hardened after fabrication.

Stainless Steel Strip

ASTM A 693(631) Ni 6.5 - 7.5% Cond CH High strength and general purpose corrosion resistance.
Al .75 - 1.5% 240 min. 29 650 343 C46 Min. Magnetic in spring temper.
Chrome Vandium C .48 - .53% Cold rolled and heat treated after
AMS 6455 CR .80 - 1.10% fabrication. Used for shock loads and
V .15 Min. % 200-250 30 425 218.5 C42-48 moderately elevated temperature.
Chrome Silicon C .51 - .59% Cold rolled and heat treated after
AISI 9254 Cr .50 - .80% fabrication. Used for shock loads and

Alloy Steel Strip

Si 1.20 - 1.60% 250-325 30 475 246 C47-51 moderately elevated temperature.
Phosphor Bronze Grade A Cu 94. - 96.% Cold rolled. Good corrosion resistance
ASTM B 103 Sn 4. - 6.% 95-110 15 200 93.3 B94-98 and electrical conductivity.
Beryllium Copper Cu 98.% Cold rolled and may be mill hardened before fabrication.
ASTM B 194 Be 2.% 180-200 16-18.5 400 204 C39 Good corrosion resistance and electrical conductivity.
High physicals.
Monel 400 Ni 66.% Cold rolled. Good corrosion resistance
AMS 4544 CU 31.5% 100-140 26 450 232 B98 Min. at moderately elevated temperature.
Monel K 500 Ni 65.% Excellent corrosion resistance

Non-Ferrous Alloy Strip

QQ - N - 286➂ Cu 29.5% at moderately elevated temperature.
C/Fe/Al/Ti 170-200 26 550 288 C34 Min.
A 286 Alloy Ni 26.% Cold rolled and precipitation hardened
AMS 5525 Cr 15.% after fabrication. Good corrosion
Fe 53.% 160-200 29 950 510 C30-40 resistance at elevated temperature.
Inconel 600 Ni 76.% Good corrosion resistance
AMS 5540 ASTM B 168 Cr 15.8% at elevated temperature.
Fe 7.2% 145-170 31 700 371 C30 Min.
Inconel 718 Ni 52.5% Cold rolled and precipitation hardened
AMS 5596, 5597 Cr 18.6% after fabrication. Good corrosion
Fe 18.5% 180-204 29 1100 593 C36 resistance at elevated temperature.
Inconel x 750 Ni 73% Cold rolled and precipitation hardened

High Temperature Alloy Strip

AMS 5542 Cr 15.% after fabrication. Good corrosion
Fe 6.75% 150 31 750-1100 399-593 C30 Min. resistance at elevated temperature.
Notes:
➀ See "minimum tensile strength of spring materials" page 13. Design stress of torsion springs taken as 75% of minimum tensile strength.
➁ Correlation between Rockwell hardness and tensile properties of wire is approximate and should not be used for acceptance or rejection.
➂ Federal specification.