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MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY - ActivityNo.1

Soap works by using its chemical properties to break down the oily/fatty substances (lipids) that surround bacterial and viral cells. Here is a simple illustration: [Illustration of soap removing microbes from hands] The illustration shows soap molecules interacting with bacteria on the skin surface. Soap molecules have two ends - one end is hydrophilic (water-loving) and the other is hydrophobic (water-fearing). When soap is applied to wet skin, the hydrophobic ends of the soap molecules are attracted to the lipids in oils, dirt and microbes on the skin. The hydrophilic ends of the soap molecules interact with water. This allows the soap to surround the microbes and

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Rica Mariae
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79 views5 pages

MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY - ActivityNo.1

Soap works by using its chemical properties to break down the oily/fatty substances (lipids) that surround bacterial and viral cells. Here is a simple illustration: [Illustration of soap removing microbes from hands] The illustration shows soap molecules interacting with bacteria on the skin surface. Soap molecules have two ends - one end is hydrophilic (water-loving) and the other is hydrophobic (water-fearing). When soap is applied to wet skin, the hydrophobic ends of the soap molecules are attracted to the lipids in oils, dirt and microbes on the skin. The hydrophilic ends of the soap molecules interact with water. This allows the soap to surround the microbes and

Uploaded by

Rica Mariae
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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NAME: RICA MARIAE J.

ROSIALDA DATE:06/16/21
YEAR AND SECTION: BSN-1A

SUBJECT: MICROBIOLOGY & PARASITOLOGY


COURSE PRE-TEST

1. Differentiate chemical agents of sterilization/disinfection from physical agents. (5 points)

• Physical agent methods of disinfection/sterilization include high and low


temperature, desiccation, osmotic pressure, radiation, and filtration. While
chemical agents of sterilization/disinfection are the employment of disinfectants,
antiseptics, antibiotics, and chemotherapeutic antimicrobial agents.

2. List down at least 5 (5) examples of chemical agents.

2.1 Alcohols (e.g., Ethanol, Isopropanol)


2.2 Aldehydes (e.g., Glutaraldehyde, ortho-phthalaldehyde)
2.3 Halogens (e.g., Chlorine, Iodine)
2.4 Phenolic Compounds (e.g., Cresol, Xylenol)
2.5 Oxidizing Agents (e.g., Hydrogen Peroxide, Peracetic Acid)

3. List down at least five (5) examples of physical agents.

3.1 Drying
3.2 Moist Heat
3.3 Dry Heat
3.4 Filtration
3.5 Radiation

4. Which of the two (2) methods used for sterilization/disinfection is much more effective

against pathogens? Defend your answer. (5 points)

• For me the most effective will be the physical agents since it directly affects the
microorganism. And since some of the chemical agents doesn’t have the rapid
action to kill microorganism unlike the physical agents who has the rapidity of
action specially heating. Either way, it still depends on the seven factors which
influences the effects of the efficiency of the sterilant/ disinfectant.
TOPIC: MICROBIAL CONTROL

A. ENGAGE
Directions: Describe how the following instruments work against microbes.

1. Vertical Autoclave- Autoclave sterilization works by using heat to kill microorganisms


such as bacteria and spores. The heat is delivered by pressurized steam. Pressurization
allows the steam to reach the high temperatures that are required for sterilization.

2. Depth Filter- removes the microbial population in solutions of health labile materials like
vaccine, antibiotics, toxin, serum, and sugar solutions as well as for purification of air.
Depth filters retain particles throughout the depth of the filter not just in the surface.
3. Membrane Filter- removes the microbial population in solutions of health labile materials
like vaccine, antibiotics, toxin, serum, and sugar solutions as well as for purification of
air. Membrane filter is the most widely used filters for bacterial filtration. They are
porous; retains all the particles on the surface that are larger than their pore size.

4. Plasma Sterilizer (Sterrad)- Used for sterilization of materials and devices that cannot
tolerate high temperatures and humidity of autoclave. Low temperature is maintained
throughout the process which preserves the integrity of heat labile items. Chemical
sterilant (H2O2) are used since it is capable of killing microorganisms and spores
efficiently.

5. Hot air oven- This acts as dry heat sterilizer, it burns and sterilizes the anatomical waste
and microbiology waste by providing a very high temperature of 160 degree Celsius for 2
hours and thereby converting the waste into ash, flue gas and heat.
6. Water bath- used for disinfection of serum, body fluids and vaccines. Bacterial vaccines
are disinfected at 60 degrees Celsius for one hour.

7. Betadine- used as skin antiseptic and kills microorganisms by oxidizing cell constituents
and iodinating cell proteins. It may even kill spores in higher concentrations.

8. Sodium Hypochlorite solution- because of the chemical reaction formed when sodium
hypochlorite is added to water, it penetrates to the normally resistant surfaces of
microorganisms like Salmonella typhi and eventually destroying them.
EXPLORE
ACTIVITY
Directions: Illustrate how the soap works in removing microbes.

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