COMPOSTELA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

POBLACION, COMPOSTELA, CEBU

SELF-LEARNING HOME TASK (SLHT)

Subject: Physical Science Grade: 12 Quarter: 3 Week: 8

MELC:
 Determine the limiting reactants in a reaction and calculate the amount of product
formed.

Competency Code: S11/12PS-IIIf-24

Name: __________________________ Section: ________ Date: ________

LESSON 1 – Limiting Reactants and the Amount of Products Formed

Readings

Key Terms

• Stoichiometry is a section of chemistry that involves using relationships between reactants and/or
products in a chemical reaction to determine desired quantitative data.

• Excess reagent is a reactant that is not used up when the reaction is finished.

• Limiting reagent is a reagent that is completely used up or reacted.

Activity 1: Sweet Balance

In this activity, you will be introduced to simple stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is the chemical term to
describe calculations that allow us to find the amounts of chemicals involved in each reaction. In
stoichiometry, you must always start with a balanced equation. We will use the following balanced
material (equation):

2 EG + 1 EP →1 ToTa

Where: EG= egg EP = eggplant ToTa= Tortang Talong

1. Notice that to make this recipe you have three pieces (reactant) to the left of the arrow and one
piece (product) to the right. This is supposed to represent a balanced equation, so how can 3 = 1? It’s
because the pieces combine to form one whole. This would represent a synthesis reaction.

2. If each student is to make one Tortang Talong, and I have 20 students, how much of each
ingredient will I need? Explain your logic – using a chemical equation.

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2 EG + 1 EP →1 ToTa (Use the ratio of the coefficients)

40 20 20

Let's look at a simplified view of the Tortang Talong example. She starts out with six Eggs and four
Eggplant.

Let’s ask Professor F

: Hi there, let me help you! The correct answer is THREE. WHY? The six eggs would
require three eggplant to make three Tortang Talong.

Which of the two ingredients run out first? Answer: Egg

Since she has four eggplant (a greater supply than what is needed), the egg will limit the number of
Tortang Talong she can make.

Alternatively, you could look at the number of eggs that would be needed.

Suppose wanted to make Tortang Talong using the available ingredients earlier, how many graham
crackers would I need if I have four Eggplant?

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PROBLEM SOLVING TIP:

The first and most important step for any stoichiometric calculation—such as finding the limiting
reagent or theoretical yield—is to start with a balanced reaction. Since our calculations use ratios
based on the stoichiometric coefficients, our answers will be incorrect if the stoichiometric
coefficients are not right.

Here are the steps on how to balance a chemical equation:

Step 1: Count the number of atoms of each element in the reactants and the products. List each
element and how many atoms are there in the reactants and products side.

Step 2:

Example 1: Finding the limiting reagent

For the following reaction, what is the limiting reagent if we start with 2.80g of Al (Aluminum) and
4.25g of Cl (Chlorine)? 2𝐴𝑙 + 3𝐶𝑙2(𝑔) → 2𝐴𝑙𝐶𝑙3(𝑠)

2𝐴𝑙 + 3𝐶𝑙2(𝑔) → 2𝐴𝑙𝐶𝑙3(𝑠)

First, let’s check if our reaction is balanced: we have two Al atoms and six Cl atoms on both sides of
the arrow, so we are good to go! In this problem, we know the mass of both reactants, and we
would like to know which one will get used up first. In the first step, we will convert everything to
moles, and then we will use the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced reaction to find the limiting
reagent

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The more moles of reaction you have, the more times the reaction can occur. Therefore, the
reactant with fewer moles of reaction is the limiting reagent since the reaction can be carried out
fewer times with that reactant. We see that this method also Cl2 is our limiting reagent because it
makes 2.00×10−2mol-rxn, which is less than 5.20×10−2mol-rxn, from Al.

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Since chemists know that the actual yield might be less than the theoretical yield, we report the
actual yield using percent yield, which tells us what percentage of the theoretical yield we obtained.
This ratio can be very valuable to other people who

might try your reaction. The percent yield is determined using the following equation:

Since percent yield is a percentage, you would normally expect to have a percent yield between zero
and 100. If your percent yield is greater than 100, that probably means you calculated or measured
something incorrectly. Example 3. Calculating theoretical and percent yield For example, the
decomposition of magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) forms 15 grams of magnesium oxide (MgO) in an
experiment. The theoretical yield is known to be 19 grams. What is the percent yield of magnesium
oxide (MgO)?

What is the percent yield of the reaction?

First, we check to see if the reaction is balanced. It looks like we have equal numbers of all atoms on
both sides, so now we can move on to calculating the theoretical yield.

The calculation is simple if you know the actual and theoretical yields. All you need is substitute the
values into the formula:

percent yield = 15 g / 19 g x 100%

percent yield = 79%

Usually, you have to calculate the theoretical yield based on the balanced equation. In this equation,
the reactant and the product have a 1:1 mole ratio, so if you know the amount of reactant, you
know the theoretical yield is the same value in moles (not grams!). You take the number of grams of
reactant you have, convert it to moles, and then use this number of moles to find out how many
grams of product to expect.

Exercise No. 1
1. The _______________________ is the reactant that gets used up first during the reaction and also
determines how much product can be made.

2. _______________is a section of chemistry that involves using relationships between reactants

3. ______________is a reactant that is not used up when the reaction is finished.

4. ______________is a reagent that is completely used up or reacted

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Exercise No. 2

Question No. 1

a. How many Guava Jelly (GuJe) can be formed using 5 Guava and 23 Jelly?

b. What is the limiting reactant?

c. What is the excess reactant?

d. How much is left over?

e. Use the balanced equation to answer the following question. One Guava has a mass of 2.0 grams
and one Jelly has a mass of 1.5 g. How many Guava Jelly can be made with 12.5 grams of Guava and
15.0 grams of Jelly?

C. Assessment
Multiple Choice
Directions: Answer the following questions below on a separate sheet of paper.
1. It is the reactant that produces a lesser amount of product.
a. Excess Reactant c. Limiting Reactant
b. Percent Yield d. Co-Factor

2. What is the calculation of the relationship of reactant and product in chemical equation.
a. Molality c. Balancing Equation
b. Stoichiometry d. Percent Yield

3. It is the maximum amount of product you would expect from a reaction based on the amount of
limiting reagent
a. Theoretical yield c. Excess Reactant
b. Limiting Reactant d. Product Difference

4. They are the reactants that are not used up when the reaction is finished.
a. Excess Reagents c. Limiting Reagents
b. Solute d. Solution

5. It deals with the process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a
substance to form a new substance or product.
a. Chemical Equilibrium c. Chemical Symbols
b. Chemical Reaction d. Stoichiometry

6. What is the expected value for percent yield?

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a. -1 b. 0-100 c. above 100 d. Unknown

7. Which of the following equation below is balanced?

8. In the equation Mg+HCl→MgCl2+H2, how many molecules of hydrogen do we need to make

9. What is the proper sequence of a chemical equation?

10.Will 28.7 grams of SiO2 react completely with 22.6 grams of H2F2? If not, identify the limiting
reagent. SiO2+2H2F2→SiF4+2H2O 𝑆𝑖𝑂2 + 2𝐻2𝐹2 → 𝑆𝑖𝐹4 + 2𝐻2𝑂 Si=20.09 g/mole O= 16.00 g/moll

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References:

Anne Marie, Helmenstine, Ph.D. "Percent Yield Definition and Formula." ThoughtCo.
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-percent-yield-605899 (accessed May 28, 2020).

Khan Academy. n.d. “Limiting Reagents and Percent Yield.” Khan Academy. Khan Academy.
Accessed May 23, 2020. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/chemistry/chemical-
reactionsstoichiome/limiting-reagent-stoichiometry/a/limiting-reagents-and-percent-yield.

Kotz, J. C., P. M. Treichel, J. R. Townsend, and D. A. Treichel. "Stoichiometry: Quantitative

Lumen Learning Boundless Chemistry. PressBooks Lumen Learning. Accessed May 23, 2020.
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-chemistry/chapter/reactionstoichiometry/.

Ruff MA, Bess. 2020. “How to Balance Chemical Equations.” WikiHOW, January.
https://www.wikihow.com/Balance-Chemical-Equations.

Staley, Dennis. Prentice Hall Chemistry. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007.

UC Davis ChemWiki. "Stoichiometry and Balancing Reactions", CC-BY-NC-SA 3.0

Ralph Petrucci H., William S. Harwood, Geoffery F. Herring, and Jeffry D. Madura. General Chemistry.
9th ed. New Jersey: Pearsin Prentice Hall,
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry/Modules_and_Webs
ites_(Inorganic_Chemistry)/Chemical_Reactions/Limiting_Reagents2007

Prepared by: JOHN MICHAEL D. SEGAYLE

` Reviewed by: MARIA REMAVIE L. ANDRIN

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