ESTIMATION AND COSTING OF HOSTEL BUILDING

A project report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements

for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING

By
M. SREENIVAS NAIK 182G5A0116
V. RAJESH NAYAK 172G1A01A6
E. SAI TARUN 172G1A0170
D. RAHEEM 172G1A0169
M. SAJID 172G1A0184

Under the Guidance Of

Mr. P. BAJARAPPA M.Tech,

Assistant Professor in Civil Engineering,
ALTS, Ananthapuramu.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

ANANTHA LAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES
Ananthapuramu,
Andhra Pradesh, India.
2017 - 2021
 ANANTHA LAKSHMI INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & SCIENCES
ANANTHAPURAMU, A.P., INDIA.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “ESTIMATION AND COSTING OF HOSTEL
BUILDING” being submitted by M. SREENIVAS NAIK(182G5A0116), V.RAJESH
NAYAK(172G1A01A6), E.SAI TARUN(172G1A0170), D. RAHEEM(172G1A0169), M.
SAJID(172G1A0184) in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering, and is bonafide work carried out by him under
our guidance and supervision. The result provided in this report has not been submitted to any
other University or Institution for the award of any degree.

Project Guide Head of The Department

P. BAJARAPPA M.Tech, K. VENKATA KRISHNA M.Tech, (Ph.D).,

Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor,
Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,
Anantha Lakshmi Institute of Technology & Anantha Lakshmi Institute of Technology &
Sciences, Sciences,
Ananthapuramu. Ananthapuramu.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My endeavour stands incomplete without my gratitude to those who have contributed a

lot towards the success of my project work.
I wish to avail the opportunity to express my thanks to the man who is the symbol of
energy and who everlasting enthusiasm, increased the confidence level in me. I convey my deep
sense of gratitude to Mr. P. BAJARAPPA MTech, for his valuable guidance and undaunted
encouragement throughout the period. Without his help and guidance this work would not have
been completed within the schedule time.
I wish to express my gratitude to Dr K. VENKATA KRISHNA MTech, (Ph.D.),Professor and
HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, for the keen interest by him during this investigation for
his constant encouragement.
I wish respectful thanks to Prof. V. MOORTHY RAO KHOKALAY MTech, (Ph.D.), M.Sc.,

(Env.Sci) MIAH, MIWRS, MIMS, Principal for extending their co-operation and encouragement for
successful completion of this project.
And finallyI would like to express my profound gratefulness and sincere thanks to our
parents for their blessings and encouragement to bring us to this stage. I would also like to
thank my friends and all other for lifting our moral to bring up this project. The support given
to us by them greatly aided us in finishing this project at right time.

PROJECT ASSOCIATES
ALTS-Ananthapuramu
 ABSTRACT

Planning, scheduling, controlling and measuring design and engineering activities

is challenged now a days not only by the strong competition, but also by the
technology and the way projects are organized. The project organization
challenges the planning process through its variety of people, organizations and
cultures participating along the whole building project. Concurrent engineering is
a building method dependent on a dynamic planning process that integrates and
coordinates all the entities involved in the project. 3D modeling is a tool that
necessitates more specialized engineers and a more collaborative way of
engineering a project. It seems that today’s planning systems fail to take into
consideration these challenges. This literature review is an attempt of in dif and
how the fields of project management and lean construction deal with planning
and measuring design/engineering activities in a concurrent engineering process
that is globally dispersed both on engineering and on production part of a project.

Keywords:- Structural member, design, Analysis.

 CONTENTS
S.NO TOPICS PAGE.NO
1 CHAPTER
INTRODUCTION 01
1.1 DEFINITION OF ESTIMATING AND COSTING01 01
1.2 NEED FOR ESTIMATION AND COSTING 01
1.3 SPECIFICATIONS 02
1.4 OBJECTIVES 03
2 CHAPTER
LITERATURE REVIEW 05
2.1 ESTIMATION AND DESIGN OF HOSTEL 05
BUILDING 05
3 CHAPTER
METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURE 06
3.1 LONG WALL AND SHORT WALL METHOD 06
3.2 PROCEDURE OF ESTIMATING OR METHOD OF 06
ESTIMATING
3.3 STANDARD SCHEDULE OF RATES 42
3.4 WORK CHARGED ESTABLISHMENT 44
4 CHAPTER
RESULTS 46
PREPARING ABSTRACT OF ESTIMATE 46
5 CHAPTER
CONCLUSION 48
6 CHAPTER
REFERANCE 50
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Ground floor plan.................................................................08

Figure 2: 1st Floor plan.........................................................................09
Figure 3: 2nd Floor plan........................................................................09
Figure 4: Elevation of the building......................................................10
Figure 5: Design chart and calculation................................................11
Figure 6: Footing and columns............................................................20
Figure 7: Lintels with Sunshades........................................................25
Figure 8: Beams...................................................................................28
Figure 9: Slabs................................................................................31
Figure 10: Staircases............................................................................34
 LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Quantity sheet 1......................................................................11

Table 2: Quantity sheet 2......................................................................13
Table 3: Quantity sheet 3......................................................................14
Table 4: Quantity sheet 4.......................................................................15
Table 5: Quantity sheet 5......................................................................16
Table 6: Quantity sheet 6......................................................................17
Table 7: Quantity sheet 7......................................................................18
Table 8: Quantity sheet 8......................................................................18
Table 9: Quantity sheet 9......................................................................19
Table 10: Steel calculation for footing..................................................21
Table 11: Steel calculation for Lintel and Sunshade.............................25
Table 12: Steel calculation for Beams...................................................28
Table 13: Steel calculation for Slabs.....................................................31
Table 14: Steel calculation for Staircases.............................................35
Table 15: Rate analysis.........................................................................42
Table 16: Work charges........................................................................44
Table 17: Calculating the rate of each unit of work..............................44
Table 18: Preparing Abstract of Estimate.............................................46
 ESTIMATION COST OF HOSTEL BUILDING

CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

1.1 DEFINITION OF ESTIMATING AND COSTING

Estimating is the technique of calculating or Computing the various quantities
and the expected Expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project. In
case the funds available are less than the estimated cost the work is done in part
or by reducing it or specifications are altered, the following requirement are
necessary for preparing an estimate.
a ) Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.
b) Detailed specifications about workmanship & properties of materials etc.
c) Standard schedule of rates of the current year.

1.2 NEED FOR ESTIMATION AND COSTING

1. Estimate give an idea of the cost of the work and hence its
feasibility can be determined i..e whether the project could be taken up with in the
funds available or not.
2. Estimate gives an idea of time required for the completion of the work.
3. Estimate is required to invite the tenders and Quotations and to arrange contract.
4. Estimate is also required to control the expenditure during the execution of
work.
5. Estimate decides whether the proposed plan matches the
funds available or not.

Practical considerations: Besides all the fundamentals of planning discussed,

following practical points should be additionally considered:
The elements of the building should be strong and capable to withstand the likely
adverse effects of natural agencies.
Strength, stability, convenience and comfort of the occupants should be the first
consideration in planning.
Elevation should be simple but attractive. The number of doors and windows
provided should be less for a bank building.
The provisions of built in furniture at proper places are useful from the point of
view of utility.

CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 1

Since the plan is for a bank building, the locker rooms must be secured with
thicker walls than usual.
Planning considerations: The plan and detailing was drawn using Auto CAD.
The proposed area of the Hostel building is 1545sq.m. The shape of the building
is rectangular in plan. The building consists of ground floor, first floor and
second floor. The parking space is provided around the building. The floor
height of the building is 3.0m.The height of the parapet wall is 1m.The staircase
is provided with enough safe.
Area of each floor is given below
Ground floor = 1545sq.m
First floor = 1545sq.m
Second floor = 1545sq.m
Total area = 1545sq.m

1.3 SPECIFICATIONS
Footing: Earth work excavation for foundation is proposed to a depth of
1.50m.below the ground level. For design, the safe bearing capacity of soil is
assumed as 200KN/2.Isolated footings are provided with a concrete grade of
M20. The maximum axial load 1600 KN as arrived from design is taken for the
design of the footing.
Plinth: The plinth beam will be at a level of 1.2m above the ground level. M20
grade of concrete is used and Fe415 steel was used for plinth design.
Frames: All the R.C.C. structural components are designed using M20 grade
concrete and Fe415 steel. Each member is designed separately for its loading
condition. And its location as per the IS 456:2000 and SP-16 codes. The
dimension of slab, beam, column and footing are designed according to the IS
456:2000 code. The columns and beams are designed by using staad pro.
Super Structure: The super structure is proposed in CM.1:6 using second class
brick work. Brick partition walls of 110mm thick are also proposed using the
C.M 1:5 with a width of 300mm as a safety measure.
Roof: R.C.C Roof in M20 concrete is to be laid. A layer of weathering coarse
using brick jelly lime mortar is to be used. Considering the future expansion of
the structure, the roof slab is also designed as same as that of the floor slabs.
Plastering: All walls and structural members including the basement will be
plastered smooth with C.M. 1:5 externally and internally, using 12mm thick
plastering Abstract Doors and windows: The main door will be of steel having
a sliding shutter. The other doors inside the bank are to be provided with
aluminum panel. The windows are to be provided with steel and glazing is
provided to supply a good light from outside.
Staircase: The stair will be of M20 grade concrete and Fe415 steel with a rise of
150mm and tread of 300mm. The staircase is designed as spanning parallel to
landing slab referring to IS 456-2000.
White washing, Colour washing, Painting: All the inner walls are to be finished
with a first coat of white cement wash and then colouring as required. All the
joiners and iron works are to be finished with two coats of synthetic enamel
paint. The toilet walls are to be provided with mat finishing

Nowadays, due to the increase in population leads to the availability of

horizontal coordination system (due to large area available per person) has been
decreasing so that adoption of vertical co-ordination System (high rise building
due to deficiency of area) is needed.
ETABS can also handle the largest and most complex building models,
including a wide range of nonlinear behaviours, making it the tool of choice for
structural engineers in the building industry. ETABS can be effectively used in
the analysis and design of building structures which might consists of structural
members like beams, columns, slabs, shear walls etc., With ETABS you can
easily apply various construction materials to your structural members like
concrete, structural steel, Reinforced Concrete etc. ETABS automatically
generates the self-weight and the resultant gravity and lateral loads.
Codes recommended are IS 456-2000, SP 16, IS 875-1987 (Part I), IS 875-1987
(Part II)

1.4 OBJECTIVES

Provide more accommodation to the university students

Provide an environment that will ensure social and academic growth
Reduce the current accommodation crisis at the university. BACKGROUND
AND PROJECT JUSTIFICATION Currently In most universities, including
university of Nairobi, the number of students admitted is not determined by the
bed spaces available. This is as a result of the high demand for higher education
and the high number of form four candidates who qualify for university
admission. This has created accommodation shortage such that each year some
students lack accommodation within the school hostel. This is a disadvantage to
those who cannot afford accommodation outside the university, to those who do
not hail from Nairobi and probably they have never been to Nairobi before. If a
hostel is put up in this land it will reduce the problem if not eradicate it The
proposed hostel will provide the following: Appropriate environment for living
as well as studying opportunities for informal academic and social interchange
privacy and quiet place where people are living in close proximity and are
sharing facilities most students will not have the opportunity to choose their
neighbors There will be a proportion of foreign students and those attending
short courses, who need to be helped to settle in quickly

Long wall-short wall method:

In this method, the wall along the length of room is considered to be long wall
while the wall perpendicular to long wall is said to be short wall. To get the
length of long wall or short wall, calculate first the centre line lengths of
individual walls. Then the length of long wall, (out to out) may be calculated
after adding half breadth at each end to its centre line length. Thus the length of
short wall measured into in and may be found by deducting half breadth from its
centre line length at each end. The length of long wall usually decreases
from earth work to brick work in super structure while the short wall increases.
These lengths are multiplied by breadth and depth to get quantities.
 CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 ESTIMATION AND DESIGN OF HOSTEL BUILDING

The principle of the work is to gain the idea of art and science of designing
multi- storied structures with economy, elegance, safety, serviceability and
durability. It also deals with problems involved and to gain ability over solving
the problems. This has been an excellent opportunity for us to put into the
engineering Knowledge which has been acquired during the curriculum. The
entire process of structural planning and design requires not only imagination
and conceptual thinking but also Knowledge of structural engineering besides
Knowledge of practical aspects, such as relevant design codes and bye laws,
backed up with ample experience, intuition and judgment.
 CHAPTER-3
METHODOLOGY & PROCEDURE

3.1 LONG WALL AND SHORT WALL METHOD:

In this method, the wall along the length of room is considered to be long wall
while the wall perpendicular to long wall is said to be short wall. To get the
length of long wall or short wall calculate first the centre line lengths of
individual walls. Then the length of long wall, (out to out) may be calculated
after adding half breadth at each end to its centre line length. Thus the length of
short wall measured into in and may be found by deducting half breadth from its
centre line length at each end. The length of long wall usually decreases from
earth work to brick work in super structure while the short wall increases. These
lengths are multiplied by breadth and depth to get quantities.

3.2 PROCEDURE OF ESTIMATING OR METHOD OF

ESTIMATING
Estimating involves the following operations
1. preparing detailed estimate
2. Calculating the rate of each unit of work
3. Preparing abstract of estimate
PREPARING DETAILED
ESTIMATE The detail estimate should
accompanied with
1. Report
2. Specification
3. Drawings ( plan, elevation, sections)
4. Design chats and calculations
5. Standard schedule of rates

REPORT
Estimating is the technique of calculating or Computing the various quantities
and the expected Expenditure to be incurred on a particular work or project.In
case the funds available are less than the estimated cost the work is done in part
or by
reducing it or specifications are altered, the following require-ment are necessary
for preparing an estimate.
1. Drawings like plan, elevation and sections of important points.
2. Detailed specifications about workmanship & properties of materials etc.
3. Standard schedule of rates of the current year.

SPECIFICATIONS
1. General Specifications: This gives the nature, quality, class and work and
materials in general terms to be used in various parts of wok. It helps no
form a general idea of building.
2. Detailed Specifications: These gives the detailed description of the vari-
ous items of work laying down the Quantities and qualities of materials,
their proportions, the method of preparation workmanship and execution
of work
DRAWINGS (plan,elevation, section)

Plan

Fig 1: Ground floor plan

Fig 2: 1st floor plan

Elevation

Fig 3: 2nd floor plan

 Section

Fig 4: Elevation of the building

DESIGN CHART AND CALCULATION

Fig 5: Design chart and calculation

Quantity of estimation by using Long wall & short wall method

Quantity Sheet

S. Description of No Length Breadth Height Quantit Remar

No items (L)m (B)m (H/D)m y ks
1. Excavation 70 2.2 2.2 1.8 609.84
2. PCC 70 2.2 2.2 0.3 101.64
3. Footing 70 0.8 0.8 0.45 20.1
4. Column 70 0.3 0.3 1.6 10.08
5. Plinth beam 1 35 5.1 0.3 0.3 15.147
6. Beam 2 4 2.85 0.3 0.3 1.026
7. Beam 3 4 6.3 0.3 0.3 2.16
8 Earth filling in
plinth
Room 1 25 3.75 5.1 0.45 215.15
Room 2 4 2.85 5.1 0.45 26.16
Room 3 2 6.0 5.1 0.45 27.54
9 DPC 1 415 _ 0.3 124.5
10 Brick work
Long wall 2 56.5 0.30 3.0 101.7
Short wall 4 26.65 0.30 3.0 95.94
Intermediate 2 40.7 0.30 3.0 73.26
wall 1
Int wall 2 29 4.8 0.30 3.0 125.28
Int wall 3 4 2.55 0.30 3.0 9.18
Deductions
Door 29 1.2 0.30 2.1 21.92
Openings 2 1.5 0.30 3.1 2.79
Windows 31 1.50 0.30 1.2 16.74
Ventilators 4 0.90 0.30 0.60 0.648
Lintel door 29 1.50 0.30 0.15 1.95
Windows 31 1.80 0.30 0.15 2.51
Ventilators 4 1.20 0.30 0.15 0.216
46.774
Net brick wall quantity=405.36-46.774=358.58
Table 1: Quantity sheet 1
Plastering Ground floor

S.No Description of No Length Breadt Height Quanti Remar

items (L)m h (H/D) ty ks
(B)m m
Plastering out
side
Long wall 1 2 56.5 _ 3.0 339
Short wall1 2 27.5 _ 3.0 165
Intermediate 2 4.25 _ 3.0 247.5
wall 1
Int wall 2 1 15 _ 3.0 45
Int wall 3 1 11.4 _ 3.0 34.2
Plastering in
side
Long wall 1 2 53.2 _ 3.0 319.2
Short wall1 2 25.7 _ 3.0 154.2
Intermediate 4 39.65 _ 3.0 415
wall 1
Int wall 2 4 13.5 _ 3.0 162
Int wall 3 4 9.9 _ 3.0 118
Deductions
Door s 58 1.2 _ 2.1 146.16
Windows 62 1.5 _ 1.2 111.54
Ventilators 8 0.9 _ 0.6 4.32
261.92
Table 2: Quantity sheet 2
1 ST FLOOR

S. Description of N Length Breadth Height Quantit Remar

No items o (L)m (B)m (H/D)m y ks
Brick work
Long wall 2 56.5 0.30 3.0 101.7
Short wall 4 26.65 0.30 3.0 95.94
Intermediate 2 40.7 0.30 3.0 73.26
wall 1
Int wall 2 29 4.8 0.30 3.0 125.28
Int wall 3 4 2.55 0.30 3.0 9.18
Deductions
Door 30 1.2 0.30 2.1 22.68
Openings 2 1.5 0.30 3.1 2.79
Windows 32 1.50 0.30 1.2 16.74
Ventilators 4 0.90 0.30 0.60 0.648
Lintel door 30 1.50 0.30 0.15 1.95
Windows 32 1.80 0.30 0.15 2.51
Ventilators 4 1.20 0.30 0.15 0.216
46.774
Net brick wall quantity=405.6-46.774=358.90

Table 3 Quantity sheet 3

Plastering G +1
S.N Description No Length Breadt Height Quanti Remar
o of items (L)m h (H/D) ty ks
(B)m m
Plastering
out side
Long wall 1 2 56.5 _ 3.0 339

Short wall1 2 27.5 _ 3.0 165

Intermediate 2 4.25 _ 3.0 247.5

wall 1
Int wall 2 1 15 _ 3.0 45

Int wall 3 1 11.4 _ 3.0 34.2

Plastering in
side
Long wall 1 2 53.2 _ 3.0 319.2

Short wall1 2 25.7 _ 3.0 154.2

Intermediate 4 39.65 _ 3.0 415

wall 1
Int wall 2 4 13.5 _ 3.0 162

Int wall 3 4 9.9 _ 3.0 118

Deductions

Door s 60 1.2 _ 2.1 146.16

Windows 64 1.5 _ 1.2 111.54

Ventilators 8 0.9 _ 0.6 4.32

261.92
Table 4: Quantity sheet 4
 2 ND FLOOR

S. Description of N Length Breadth Height Quantit Remar

No items o (L)m (B)m (H/D)m y ks
Brick work
Long wall 1 56.5 0.30 3.0 50.85
Short wall 4 26.65 0.30 3.0 95.94
Intermediate 1 40.7 0.30 3.0 36.6
wall 1
Int wall 2 18 4.8 0.30 3.0 77.7
Int wall 3 4 2.55 0.30 3.0 9.18
Deductions
Door 19 1.2 0.30 2.1 14.36
Openings 2 1.5 0.30 3.1 2.79
Windows 21 1.50 0.30 1.2 11.30
Ventilators 4 0.90 0.30 0.60 0.648
Lintel door 19 1.50 0.30 0.15 1.28
Windows 21 1.80 0.30 0.15 1.70
Ventilators 4 1.20 0.30 0.15 0.216
32.29
Net brick wall quantity=270.27-32.29=237

Table 5: Quantity sheet 5

Plastering G + 2

S. Description N Lengt Bread Height Quanti Remar

No of items o h th (H/D) ty ks
(L)m (B)m m
Plastering
out side
Long wall 1 1 56.5 _ 3.0 339
Short wall1 2 27.5 _ 3.0 165
Intermediat 1 41.25 _ 3.0 126
e wall 1
Int wall 2 1 15 _ 3.0 45
Int wall 3 1 11.4 _ 3.0 34
Plastering
in side
Long wall 1 1 53.2 _ 3.0 319.2
Short wall1 2 21.7 _ 3.0 154.2
Intermediat 4 37.95 _ 3.0 455
e wall 1
Int wall 2 4 13.5 _ 3.0 162
Int wall 3 4 9.9 _ 3.0 118
Deductions
Door s 38 1.2 _ 2.1 95.76
Windows 42 1.5 _ 1.2 75.6
Ventilators 8 0.9 _ 0.6 4.32
164.28
Table 6: Quantity sheet 6
CEILING GROUND FLOOR:

S. Description of No Length Breadth Height Quantity Remarks

No items (L)m (B)m (H/D) m (sqm)

1. Slab1 25 3.75 5.1 - 478.12

2. Slab2 4 2.85 5.1 - 58.14

3. Slab3 2 6 5.35 - 64.2

Total = 600.46Cu
m

Table 7: Quantity sheet 7

CEILING FIRST FLOOR

S. Description of No Length Breadth Height Quantity Remarks

No items (L)m (B)m (H/D) m (sqm)

1. Slab1 26 3.75 5.1 - 497.25

2. Slab2 4 2.85 5.1 - 58.14

3. Slab3 2 6 5.35 - 64.2

Total = 619.59Cu
m

Table 8: Quantity sheet 8

CEILING SECOUND FLOOR

S. Description of No Length Breadth Height Quantity Remarks

No items (L)m (B)m (H/D) m (sqm)

1. Slab1 15 3.75 5.1 - 286.8

2. Slab2 4 2.85 5.1 - 58.14

3. Slab3 2 6 5.35 - 64.2

Total = 409.14Cu
m

Table9: Quantity sheet 9

Bar bending schedules with tables

FOOTING & COLUMNS:

Fig 6: footing and columns

 STEEL CALCULATION

S Description Column + footings Columns (30)

No &Shape (Upto1st floor) (Up to 3rd floor)

No (D2/162.2) ×L No of (D2/162.2) ×L
of bars
bars

1. Main bars 10 11.57 _

2. Distribution 10 11.57 _
bars

3. Longitudinal 8 74.57 8 31.6

bars

4. Stirrups 28 10.3 17 6.16

Total 108kg 37.7

TABLE 10: FOOTINGS AND COLUMNS (Bar Bending Schedule Table

Total steel quantity of Footings = FC × no’s

=70× (108-37.7) = 4921.0Kg

Concrete quantity calculation

Mix ratio M20 (1:1.5:3)
Volume:
Volume of Footings =Area ×height (l × b ×h) m
=70 × ((0.8×0.8×0.45) + (0.6×0.6×1.5))
=20.7Cum
Volume of PCC = 70 × (1.2×1.2×0.3)
 =30.2Cum
Total volume = 50.7Cum
Steel quantity= 4921.0kg = 4.92Cum
Wet volume of concrete = 50.7-4.91=45.7Cum
Dry vol of conc = 45.7×1.54 =70.3Cum

Dry volume (D.V) =70.3Cum

CEMENT:
C.P = cement parts
T.P = total parts

Quantity of Cement = D.V × (C.P/

T.P)

Vol of cement = 70.3×1/5.5

=12.78Cum
Density = 1440×12.78= 18403kg
No of bags =18403/50 = 368bags

Cement= 368 bags

FINE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of F.A =cement volume × 1.5
=12.78×1.5
=19.1Cum
Density= 1600×19.1 = 30560kg

F.A = 30tonnes
COARSE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of C.A =cement volume × 3
=12.78×3
=38.3Cum

C.A = 38.3Cum

Water content:

W.C =0.5×18403
=9201lit

Total steel quantity of Columns = FC × no’s

=188× 37.7= 7087Kg

Concrete quantity calculation

Mix ratio M20 (1:1.5:3)
Volume:
Volume of column =Area ×height (l × b ×h) m
=188 × (0.3×0.3×3.0)
=50.76Cum
Steel quantity= 7087kg = 7.087Cum
Wet volume of concrete = 50.76-7.087=43.6Cum
Dry vol of conc = 43.6×1.54 =67.1Cum

Dry volume (D.V) =67.1Cum

CEMENT:
C.P = cement parts
T.P = total parts
Quantity of Cement = D.V × (C.P/
T.P)

Vol of cement = 67.1×1/5.5

=12.2 Cum
Density = 1440×12.2= 17568kg
No of bags =17568/50 = 351bags

Cement= 1351bags

FINE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of F.A =cement volume × 1.5
=12.2×1.5
=18.3Cum
Density= 1600×18.3= 29280kg

F.A = 29.2Tonnes

COARSE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of C.A =cement volume × 3
=12.2×3
=36.6Cum

C.A = 36.6Cum

WATER CONTENT:

W.C =0.5×17568
=8784lit
LINTELS WITH SUNSHADES :

Fig 7: lintels with sunshades

STEEL CALCULATION

S Descriptio Lintels over Lintels over Sunshades

N n & Shape doors windows for windows
o

No of LD No of LW No of SW
bars (kg) bars (kg) bars (kg)
1. Main bars 2 6.41 2 7.33 11 0.89

2. Cranked 1 3.50 1 3.96 _ _

bars

3. Distributio 2 3.48 2 3.916 4 0.62

n bars

Table 11: steel calculation for lintel and sunshade

 Total steel quantity = LD×nos+LW×nos+SW×nos
Total steel quantity of Sunshades =
=78x19084+84x28.08+84x15.7
=5198kgs
Concrete quantity calculation for Sunshades
Mix ratio M20 (1:1.5:3)
Volume:
VolumeofSunshade+door+windows=
=84x(0.6/2x(0.1+0.2)x1.5)+84x(0.189)+ 78x(0.162)
=11.34+15.8+11.7
=38.8Cum
Steel quantity =5198Kg =5.198Cum
Wet volume of concrete = 38.8-5.19=33.6Cum
Dry vol of conc = 33.6×1.54 =51.7Cum

Dry volume (D.V) =51.7Cum

CEMENT:
C.P = cement parts
T.P = total parts

Quantity of Cement = D.V × (C.P/

T.P)

Vol of cement = 51.7×1/5.5

=9.4Cum
Density = 1440×9.4= 13536kg
No of bags =13536/50 = 270bags

Cement= 270bags
FINE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of F.A =cement volume × 1.5
=9.4×1.5
=14.1Cum
Density= 1600×14.1 = 22560kg

F.A = 22Tonnes

COARSE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of C.A =cement volume × 3
=9.4×3
=28.2Cum

C.A = 28.2Cum

WATER CONTENT:

W.C =0.5×13536
=6768lit
BEAMS:

.
Fig 8: Beams

STEEL CALCULATION

S Description Dia No's Leng Total Wt in Total weight

N &Shape th lengt kg/m kgs
o h (L) (D2/162.2)×L

1 Main bars 16 2 5.938 11.87 1.58 18.76

. 6

2 Cranked bars 16 1 6.126 6.1 1.58 9.63

.

3 Distribution 12 2 5.856 11.7 0.39 10.413

. bars

4 Additional 8 24 0.912 21.8 0.39 19.402

. bars

Total 58.205
Table 12: steel calculation for beams
Total steel quantity =114×58.305 = 6646 kg

CONCRETE CALCULATION

Size of beam=5.7× 0.3×0.3

Vol of beam=58.4cum
Steel content =0.846 cum
Vol of PCC = 58.4-0.846
=57.5cum

CEMENT:
C.P = cement parts
T.P = total parts

Quantity of Cement = D. V ×
(C.P/ T.P)

= 57.5×1/5.5
=10.45Cum
Density of cement=10.45× 1440= 15048kg
=15048.0/50 = 300bags

Cement= 300 bags

FINE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of F.A =cement volume × 1.5
=10.45×1.5
=15.67Cum
Density =1600×15.67=25072kgs
=25.072tonnes
F.A = 25.072tonnes

COARSE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of C.A =cement volume × 3
=10.45×3
=31.735Cum

C.A = 31.735Cum

WATER CONTENT:
W.C =0.5×15048
=7524lit
SLABS

Fig 9: slabs

STEEL CALCULATION

S Description
N &Shape Different dimensions of slabs
o

No S1(kg) No of S2(kg) No S3(kg)

2 2
of (D /162.2)× bars (D /162.2 of (D2/16
bars L )×L bar 2.2)×L
s
Shorter span

1 Main bars 16 64.30 15 48.19 18 260.59

. 2

2 Cranked bars 15 61.944 14 46.600 12 70.806

.

3 Distribution 6 19.82 6 21.68 6 24.92

. bars
 . Longer span

1 Main bars 12 62.58 10 52.154 15 89.44

.

2 Cranked bars 11 58.64 9 47.93 14 84.72

.

3 Distribution 6 16.66 6 13.206 4 22.32

. bars

Total 283.94 299.79 575.79

Table 13; steel calculation for slabs

Total steel quantity of Slabs = £S (S1 to S13)

=66x283.94+12x299.79+6x575.79
=25791
Mix ratio M20 (1:1.5:3)
Volume:
Volume of Slab =Area ×height (l × b × h) m
= 66x(4.37)+12x(3.402)+6x(6.804)
=365Cum
Steel quantity =25791 kg
=25.791Cum
Wet vol of conc=365-9 -25.91=339Cum
Dry vol of conc =339.0×1.54=522Cum

Dry volume (D.V) =522Cum

CEMENT:
C.P = cement parts
T.P = total parts

Quantity of Cement = D. V ×
(C.P/ T.P)

= 522×1/5.5
=94.9 Cum
Density of cement=94.9 × 1440= 136656kg
=136656/50 = 2733bags

Cement= 2733bags

FINE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of F.A =cement volume × 1.5
=94.9×1.5
=142.3Cum
Density =1600×142.3=227680kgs
=227.6tonnes

F.A = 227.6tonnes

COARSE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of C.A =cement volume × 3
=94.9×3
=284.7Cum

C.A = 284.7Cum
WATER CONTENT:
W.C =0.5×136656
=68328lit

STAIRCASES :

Fig 10: staircases

STEEL CALCULATION

Different dimenstions of staircases

S Description
No &Shape
Nos SC1kgs Nos SC2kgs
(D2/162. (D2/162.2)
2)×L ×L

1. Main bars 8 39.31 5 24.61

2. Cranked bars 7 35.10 4 20.04

3. Distribution 42 53.38 9 23.31

bars

4. Additional bars 15 38.85 42 27

Total 161.7 95.3

Table 14: steel calculation for staircases

Total steel quantities = SC1×nos +SC2×nos

Total Quantity = 2×95.3 = 190.6kgs

Total steel quantity of Staircase = 3x190.6+161.7

=732Kg
Mix ratio M20 (1:1.5:3)
Volume:
Volume of Slab =Area ×height (l × b × h) m
 = 3x ((1.2x3.5x0.25) x2 + ½ x0.10x0.25x1.2x12)
=3x2.15 =6.48Cum

Steel quantity =732 kg

=0.732Cum
Wet vol of conc=6.48-0.732=5.748Cum
Dry vol of conc =5.748×1.54=8.85Cum

Dry volume (D.V) =8.85Cum

CEMENT:
C.P = cement parts
T.P = total parts

Quantity of Cement = D. V ×
(C.P/ T.P)

= 8.85×1/5.5
=1.60 Cum
Density of cement=1.60 × 1440= 2304kg
=2304/50 = 46bags

Cement= 46 bags

FINE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of F.A =cement volume × 1.5
=1.60×1.5
=2.40Cum
Density =1600×2.40=3840kgs
 =3.8tonnes

F.A = 3.8tonnes

COARSE AGGREGATE:
Quantity of C.A =cement volume × 3
=1.60×3
=4.8Cum

C.A = 4.9Cum

WATER CONTENT:
W.C =0.5×2304
=1152lit

3.9 CEMENT MORTAR FOR OVER ALL BUILDING:

CM (1:6)
Vol of brick masonry = 378.97+378.97+265.41
=1023Cum
Brick work
Standard brick size = 19×9×9cm
With mortar brick size = 20×10×10cm
Vol of 1 brick with mortar = 0.2×0.1×0.1
=0.002Cum
No of bricks required in 1 cum of brick work=1/0.002
No of bricks in 1cum = 500 no’s
No of bricks =1023× 500
=5,11,500/-
BRICK WALL MORTAR
CEMENT MORTAR (1:6)
Vol of mortar = vol of wall - (vol of brick without mortar ×no of bricks)
=1023-(0.001539×510470)
Wet Vol = 237Cum
Dry vol = Wet vol ×1.33
=237×1.33
Dry vol = 315Cum
CEMENT CALCULATION
Qty of cement= Dry vol of mortar ×(CP/TP)
=315× (1/7)
=45Cum
W.t of cement =45×Density
=45×1440
=64800kgs
No of bags = 64800/50 =1296 bags

FINE AGGREGATE CALCULATION

Qty of FA =cement Qty ×6
=45×6
=270Cum
W.t of F.A =101.46×Density
=270x1600 =432000Kg
=432tonnes
WATER CONTENT
Qty of water = 0.5 ×cement content in kgs
=0.5×64800
= 32400lit
3.11 PLASTERING FOR OVERALL BUILDING (1:5)
Total volume = (1736+1736+1642) x0.01
=51.14Cum
Dry vol of plastering =51.14×1.33Cum
= 68.0Cum
CEMENT CALCULATIONS
volume of cement =vol of mortar×(cp/tp)
=68.0× (1/6)
=11.3Cum
w.t of cement =4.9×density of cement
=11.30×1440
=16320Kgs
No of bags =16320/50
=326ags
SAND CALCULATION
Vol of sand =vol of cement × ratio of sand
=11.30×5
=56Cum
W.t of F.A =56X1600
=90400Kg
=90tonnes

WATER CONTENT
Qty of water = 0.5 ×cement content in kgs
=0.5×16320
= 8160lit

3.12 CEILING FOR OVERALL (1:5)

Total volume = (600.46+619.59+409.14) x0.01
=16.2Cum
Dry vol of ceiling =16.2×1.33Cum
= 21.5Cum
CEMENT CALCULATIONS
volume of cement =vol of mortar×(cp/tp)
=21.5× (1/6)
=3.5Cum
w.t of cement =3.5×density of cement
=3.5×1440
=5040Kgs
No of bags =5040/50
 =100bags

SAND CALCULATION
Vol of sand =vol of cement × ratio of sand
=3.5×5
=17Cum
W.t of F.A =17X1600
=27200Kg
=27tones

WATER CONTENT
Qty of water = 0.5 ×cement content in kgs
=0.5×5040
= 2520lit
3.13 PAINTING:
Total uantity of painting = Total quantity of plastering
Total painting =1736+1736+1642
=5114.0Sqm
As a general rule 1 Liter of paint will cover b/w 6 to 6.5 sqm of wall
Painting in liters= 5114/6.5
= 339.89lit = 786lit
10 liters of paint = 2500/-
1 liter of paint = 2500/10= 250/-
Total cost of painting =786×250
=1,96,500/-

3.14 WHITE WASHING:

Total quantity of painting = Total quantity of white washing
Total painting =1736+1736+1642
=5114.0Sqm
20 Liters of lime will cover 60 sqm
1 liter = 60/20 = 3Sqm
No of liters= 5114/3
=1704lit
40 liters of white wash = 950/-
Total cost of white washing =1704/40 ×950
=40,896/-

3.15 FLOORING TILES:

Total quantity of ceiling = Total quantity of flooring
Total flooring =1185+174+192.6
=1552.02Sqm
1 tile size 2.4m x 0.45m =1.08Sqm
1 tile cost = 400/-
Overall tiles = 1552.02/1.08 = 1437tiles
Flooring tiles cost =1437x 400
=5,74,800/-
3.3 STANDARD SCHEDULE OF RATES
In order to determine the rate of a particular item, the factors affecting the rate of
that item are studied carefully and then finally a rate is decided for that item.
This process of determining the rates of an item is termed as analysis of rates or
rate analysis.
The rates of particular items of work depends on the following. Cost of
materials at source and at site of construction.
The costs of materials are taken as delivered at site inclusive of the transport
local taxes and other charges.Purpose of Analysis of rates:
1. To work out the actual cost of per unit of the items.
2. To work out the economical use of materials and processes in
completing the particular item.
3. To work out the cost of extra items which are not provided in the
contract bond, but are to be done as per the directions of the department.
4. To revise the schedule of rates due to increase in the cost of material
and labour or due to change in technique.
5. Cost of labour -types of labour, standard schedule of
rates The labour can be classified in to
1. Skilled 1st class
2. Skilled IInd Class
3. Un skilled
The labour charges can be obtained from the standard schedule of rates 30% of
the skilled labour provided in the data may be taken as Ist class, remaining 70%
as II class. The rates of materials for Government works are fixed by

S No Name of the materials Rate(Rs)/unit

1. Fine aggregate 1388/tonne
2. Coarse aggregate(40mm) 1280/cum
3 Cement bag (M20) 360/1 bag
4 steel 62 -64,000 /tonne
5 Bricks 7/1Brick
 Machinery

1. Backhoe excavator 1000/hour

2. Tractor/Dumper 250/hour
Labour charges

1. Skilled 1st class 625/day

2. Skilled 2nd class 460/day
3. Un skilled 350/day
Table 15: Rate analysis

LUMPSUM:
While preparing an estimate, it is not possible to workout in detail in case of
petty items. Items other than civil engineering such items are called lump sum
items or simply L.S Items.
The following are some of L.S. Items in the estimate.
1. Water supply and sanitary arrangements.
2. Electrical installations like meter, motor, etc.,
3. Architectural features.
4. Contingencies and unforeseen items.
In general, certain percentage on the cost of estimation is allotted for the above
L.S Items Even if sub estimates prepared or at the end of execution of work, the
actual cost should not exceed the L.S amounts provided in the main estimate.
3.4 WORK CHARGED ESTABLISHMENT:

During the construction of a project a considerable number of skilled

supervisors, work assistance, watch 9men etc., are employed on temporary basis.
The salaries of these persons are drawn from the L.S. amount allocated towards
the work charged establishment. That is, an establishment which is charged
directly to work. an L.S amount of 1½ to 2% of the estimated cost is provided
toward establishment.

S Purpose Percentage %
No
1. Provision for water supply Sanitary 12.5%
arrangements
2. Provision for electrification 7.5%
3. Provision for architectural appearance 2%
4. Provision for Unforeseen items 2%
5. Provision for P.S & contingencies 4%
Table 16: Work charges

CALCULTING THE RATE OF EACH UNIT OF WORK

S.NO Description of Cement F.A/Cft C.A/Cf Water/ Steel/

items /bags m liters Tones

1. Footings 368 30 38.3 9201 4.92

2. Beam 300 25.7 31.73 7524 6.63
3. Column 351 29.2 36.6 8784 7.08
4. Brick wall mortar 1296 432 _ 32400 _
CM(1:6)
5 Lintal 220 17.61 20.8 5900 3.93
6 Sun Shades 51 5.60 8.2 800 1.30
7 Slab 2733 227.6 284.0 68328 25.7
8 Plastering 326 90 _ 8160 _
9 Plastering for 100.0 27.5 _ 2520 _
cellings
10 Stair cases 46 3.80 4.8 1152 0.73
5791.0 889 761 144769 50.29
Total Quantities

Table 17: Calculating the rate of each unit of work

 CHAPTER-4
RESULTS

PREPARING ABSTRACT OF ESTIMATE

S.No Description of items Quantit Unit Rate Per Amounnt

y
1. Earth work excavation 609.84 Cum 1,000 hour 24,390
3. Cement Concrete

a.cement 5791.0 Nos 360 1bag 20,84,760

b.fine aggregate 1108 Tonne 1,388 Tonn 12,33,932

s e
c.coarse aggregate 761 Cum 1,280 Cum 9,74,080

d.water

4. Steel 50.29 Tonne 64000 Tonn 32,18,560

s e
5. Sand filling in footings 487 Cum 1,000 Cum 4,87,000
6. Brick 511500 Nos 7 1bric 35,73,290
k
7. Supplying & fixing of 77 Nos 11000 Nos 8,47,000
wood for doors
8. Supplying & fixing of 84 Nos 3000 Nos 2,52,000
wood for windows
9. ventilators 12 Nos 500 Nos 6,000
10. white washing 1704 Lit 950 40lit 40,470
11. Flooring with tiles 1437 Sqm 400 1.28 4,48,800
sqm
 12. Painting 786 Lit 2500 10lit 1,95,000
1,33,85,2
82
13. Provision for water supply 16,06,233
Sanitary arrangements
@12.5%
Labor charges@ 2% 2,67,705
14. Provision for 10,03,896
electrification@7.5%
15. Provision for architectural 2,67,705
appearance@2%
16. Provision for Unforeseen 2,67,705
items@2%
17. Provision for P.S & 5,35,411
contingencies@4%
1,57,27,7
GRAND TOTAL = 04
Table 18: Preparing Abstract of Estimate

TOTAL COST OF THE BUILDING = 1,57,27,704 /-

FUTURE SCOPE
The Future of Construction Cost Estimation Construction cost estimation
services are gaining importance in today's world, especially owing to the amount
of time that is saved by contractors, sub-contractors and even builders, while
planning small or large scale projects. By outsourcing construction cost
estimation, additional flexibility can be offered to contractors especially during
the bidding process, and removing excess backlog. As the outsourcing
destination of the world, India is one of the topmost choices for global builders
and contractors for outsourcing construction cost estimation services, and other
engineering services.
 CHAPTER-5
CONCLUSION

G+2 Hostel building plan has been drawn in Auto CAD software and designed
for Beams, Columns, Footings, stairs and slabs. The dead load, live load are
referred using IS 875-1987
Part 1 and Part 2 .And designed according to the IS 456- 2000 and SP16 by
considering concrete grade of M25 and steel of HYSD bars Fe500 are used.
By proposing our project on girls hostel building which meets the requirements
of our JIT girls
The results obtained are safe from manual calculation i.e., in MS Excel as well
as in software results
Manual design has been done for one of the different dimensions of the beam,
column, stairs, footing and slab of the Hostel building as per the IS 456-2000
and SP16.

Construction cost estimating is the process of forecasting the cost of building a

physical structure. Of course, builders and clients both worry about the financial
impact of cost overruns and failing to complete a project. That’s why they
devote time and effort to estimating how much a project will cost before
deciding to move forward with it. Clients considering large projects often seek
multiple cost estimates, including those prepared by contractors and those
calculated by independent estimators.
Project owners use cost estimates to determine a project’s scope and
feasibility and to allocate budgets. Contractors use them when deciding whether
to bid on a project. You usually prepare estimates with the input of architects
and engineers to ensure that a project meets financial feasibility and scope
requirements.
A good cost estimate prevents the builder from losing money and helps
the customer avoid overpaying. It’s a core component of earned value
management, a project management technique that tracks a project’s
performance against the total time and cost estimate.
The following are additional resources concerning construction cost
estimating:

Ibrahim Ode’s Courser course on “Construction Cost Estimating and Cost

Control” is a popular introductory resource for construction management
professionals.

The Project Management Institute (PMI) offers articles on project estimating.

The Society of Cost Estimating and Analysis offers a glossary of cost-estimating

related terms.

The Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors hosts a variety of knowledge

resource events for quantity surveyors, as does the International Cost
Engineering Council.

The Association for the Advancement of Cost Engineering International holds

an annual meeting that addresses new issues in cost engineering.
 CHAPTER-6
REFRENCES

Divyakmath, K. Vandana Reddy, Analysis and design of reinforced

concrete structures-A G+4 building model, miniproject report,
GokarajRangarajuInstitue of Engineering and Technology, Hyderbad,
India, 2012

Soil and Foundation hand book, State Materials Office Gainesville, Florida,
2004.

IS 875 (Part 1), Part 1: Dead Loads--Unit Weights of Building Materials

(Second revision), Code of Practice for Design Loads (Other Than
Earthquake) For Buildings and Structures, Bureau of Indian Standards,
New Delhi, 2000

IS: 875 (Part 2). Part 2: imposed loads (Second revision), Code of Practice
for Design Loads (Other Than Earthquake) For Buildings and Structures,
Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1987.

IS 13920, Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to

seismic forces, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 1987.

IS: 456 (FourthRevision), Plain And Reinforced Concrete Indian Standard

code of practice,

Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, 2000.

IS800-1984, Code of practice for general construction in steel.

"Reinforced concrete design" by unnikrishnapillai&menon.

"R.C.C.Design" by B C Punmia, A K jain,& A K Jain.

"Strength of materials & Theory of structures" by B C Punmia.

"Theory of structure" by S Ramamutham.

"sp- 16" Design aids for reinforced concrete.

Project Report on a design of residential building by masa, GRIT