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GSM Summary: MS Is The User's Handset and Has Two Parts

The document summarizes key components of a GSM network: 1) Mobile stations contain a mobile equipment and subscriber identity module (SIM) card, while base stations include base transceiver systems (BTS), base station controllers (BSC), and transcoding units. 2) The network and switching subsystem connects to the public switched telephone network and includes mobile switching centers (MSC), home location registers (HLR), and gateway MSCs. 3) Location and handovers are managed through location updates and handoffs between base stations as mobile stations move between cells.

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62 views4 pages

GSM Summary: MS Is The User's Handset and Has Two Parts

The document summarizes key components of a GSM network: 1) Mobile stations contain a mobile equipment and subscriber identity module (SIM) card, while base stations include base transceiver systems (BTS), base station controllers (BSC), and transcoding units. 2) The network and switching subsystem connects to the public switched telephone network and includes mobile switching centers (MSC), home location registers (HLR), and gateway MSCs. 3) Location and handovers are managed through location updates and handoffs between base stations as mobile stations move between cells.

Uploaded by

Dương Phan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GSM summary

MS is the user’s handset and has two parts


• Mobile Equipment
– Radio equipment
– User interface
– Processing capability and memory required for various tasks
• Call signalling
• Encryption
• SMS
– Equipment IMEI number
 Subscriber Identity Module
– A small smart card
– Encryption codes needed to identify the subscriber
– Subscriber IMSI number
– Subscriber’s own information (telephone directory)
– Third party applications (banking etc.)
– Can also be used in other systems besides GSM, e.g., some WLAN access
points accept SIM based user
Base Station Subsystem
• Transcoding Rate and Adaptation Unit (TRAU)
– Performs coding between the 64kbps PCM coding used in the
backbone network and the 13 kbps coding used for the Mobile Station
(MS)
• Base Station Controller (BSC)
– Controls the channel (time slot) allocation implemented by the BTSes
– Manages the handovers within BSS area
– Knows which mobile stations are within the cell and informs the
MSC/VLR about this
• Base Transceiver System (BTS)
– Controls several transmitters
– Each transmitter has 8 time slots, some used for signaling, on a
specific frequency
Network and Switching Subsystem
• The backbone of a GSM network is a telephone network with additional
cellular network capabilities
• Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
– An typical telephony exchange (ISDN exchange) which supports
mobile communications
– Visitor Location Register (VLR)
• A database, part of the MSC
• Contains the location of the active Mobile Stations
• Gateway Mobile Switching Center (GMSC)
– Links the system to PSTN and other operators
• Home Location Register (HLR)
– Contain subscriber information, including authentication information
in Authentication Center (AuC)
• Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
– International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI) codes for
e.g., blacklisting stolen phones
Home Location Register
• One database per operator
• Contains all the permanent subscriber information
– MSISDN (Mobile Subscriber ISDN number) is the telephone number
of the subscriber
– International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) is a 15 digit code
used to identify the subscriber
• It incorporates a country code and operator code
– IMSI code is used to link the MSISDN number to the subscriber’s
SIM (Subscriber Identity Module)
– Charging information
– Services available to the customer
• Also the subscriber’s present Location Area Code, which refers to the MSC,
which can connect to the MS.
Other Systems

•Operations Support System


–The management network for the whole GSM network
–Usually vendor dependent
–Very loosely specified in the GSM standards
•Value added services
–Voice mail
–Call forwarding
–Group calls
•Short Message Service Center
–Stores and forwards the SMS messages
–Like an E-mail server
–Required to operate the SMS service
Location Updates
• The cells overlap and usually a mobile station can ‘see’ several transceivers
(BTSes)
• The MS monitors the identifier for the BSC controlling the cells
• When the mobile station reaches a new BSC’s area, it requests an location
update
• The update is forwarded to the MSC, entered into the VLR, the old BSC is
notified and an acknowledgement is passed back
Handoff (Handover)
• When a call is in process, the changes in location need special processing
• Within a BSS, the BSC, which knows the current radio link configuration
(including feedbacks from the MS), prepares an available channel in the new
BTS
• The MS is told to switch over to the new BTS
• This is called a hard handoff
– In a soft handoff, the MS is connected to two BTSes simultaneously
Roaming
• When a MS enters another operators network, it can be allowed to use the
services of this operator
– Operator to operator agreements and contracts
– Higher billing
• The MS is identified by the information in the SIM card and the
identification request is forwarded to the home operator
– The home HLR is updated to reflect the MS’s current location

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