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KOE - 062 - Lecture-1,2,3 Notes

Embedded systems are computer systems designed to perform dedicated functions within larger mechanical or electrical systems. They can be classified based on their performance requirements like real-time systems or by the microcontroller used like small, medium, and sophisticated systems. Embedded systems have wide applications in industrial machinery, automobiles, medical equipment, smart cards, satellites, consumer electronics, and computer peripherals. They are implemented using either digital circuits for speed and inflexibility or microprocessor-based systems for flexibility through updatable software.

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2K views14 pages

KOE - 062 - Lecture-1,2,3 Notes

Embedded systems are computer systems designed to perform dedicated functions within larger mechanical or electrical systems. They can be classified based on their performance requirements like real-time systems or by the microcontroller used like small, medium, and sophisticated systems. Embedded systems have wide applications in industrial machinery, automobiles, medical equipment, smart cards, satellites, consumer electronics, and computer peripherals. They are implemented using either digital circuits for speed and inflexibility or microprocessor-based systems for flexibility through updatable software.

Uploaded by

Abhishek Jain
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CONTENT

 WHAT IS EMBEDDED SYSTEM


 CLASSIFICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
 APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
 HOW DO WE IMPLEMENT THEM
WHAT IS EMBEDDED SYSTEM?
 Embedded systems are used to control, monitor or assist the operation of
equipment, machinery or plant. “Embedded” reflects the fact that they are an
integral part of the system.
 An embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software,
either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically designed for a
particular function.

SOFTWARE HARDWARE APPLICATION


WHAT IS INSIDE THE EMBEDDED SYSTEM?

HARDWARE SOFTWARE
 CPU  APPLICATION
 MEMORY  OS
 I/O DEVICES  DEVICE DRIVERS
EMBEDDED SYSTEM
CLASSIFICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

TYPES OF EMBEDDED
SYSTEM

BASED ON PERFORMANCE AND BASED ON PERFORMANCE OF


FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS MICROCONTROLLER

REAL SMALL
TIME SCALE

STAND MEDIUM
ALONE SCALE
MOBILE
NETWORKED
SOPHISTICATED
BASED ON PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT

1.REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEM


Real-time embedded systems are defined as those systems in which the correctness of
the system depends not only on the logical result of computation, but also on the time
at which the results are produced.
 Hard real-time systems (e.g., Avionic control).
 Firm real-time systems (e.g., Banking).
 Soft real-time systems (e.g., Video on demand).
2.STAND ALONE EMBEDDED SYSTEM
 A standalone device is able to function independently of other hardware. This means
it is not integrated into another device.
 It takes the input from the input ports either analog or digital and processes,
calculates and converts the data and gives the resulting data through the connected
device-Which either controls, drives and displays the connected devices.
 For example, a TiVo box that can record television programs , mp3 players are
standalone devices
3.NETWORKED EMBEDDED SYSTEM

 These types of embedded systems are related to a network to access the resources.

 The connected network can be LAN, WAN or the internet. The connection can be
any wired or wireless. This type of embedded system is the fastest growing area in
embedded system applications. .
4.MOBILE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
 Mobile embedded systems are used in portable embedded devices like cell
phones, mobiles, digital cameras, mp3 players and personal digital
assistants, etc.
 The basic limitation of these devices is the other resources and limitation of
memory.
Based on the Performance of the Microcontroller
Small Scale Embedded Systems
 These types of embedded systems are designed with a single 8 or 16-
bit microcontroller, that may even be activated by a battery.
 For developing embedded software for small scale embedded systems, the main
programming tools are an editor, assembler, cross assembler and integrated
development environment (IDE).

Medium Scale Embedded Systems


 These types of embedded systems design with a single or 16 or 32 bit
microcontroller, RISCs or DSPs.
 These types of embedded systems have both hardware and software complexities.
 For developing embedded software for medium scale embedded systems, the
main programming tools are C, C++, JAVA, Visual C++, RTOS, debugger,
source code engineering tool, simulator and IDE.
Sophisticated Embedded Systems
 These types of embedded systems have enormous hardware and software
complexities, that may need ASIPs, IPs, PLAs, scalable or configurable
processors.
 They are used for cutting-edge applications that need hardware and software
Co-design and components which have to assemble in the final system.
APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Industrial machines, automobiles, medical equipment, cameras, household
appliances, airplanes, vending machines and toys (as well as the more obvious
cellular phone and PDA) are among the myriad possible hosts of an embedded
system.
Embedded Systems in Automobiles and Embedded Systems in Smart Cards,
in telecommunications Missiles and Satellites
 Motor and cruise control system  Security systems
 Body or Engine safety  Telephone and banking
 Entertainment and multimedia in car  Defence and aerospace
 E-Com and Mobile access  Communication
 Robotics in assembly line
 Wireless communication
 Mobile computing and networking

Embedded Systems in Consumer Embedded Systems in Peripherals &


Electronics Computer Networking
 Digital Cameras  Displays and Monitors
 Set top Boxes  Networking Systems
 High Definition TVs  Image Processing
 DVDs  Network cards and printers
HOW DO WE IMPLEMENT THEM?

 We do so by using microcontrollers (or microprocessor based systems)

 Or simply by using digital circuits that perform the function we want.

Digital circuits Microprocessor based systems


Faster Slower
 Only propagation delay  Technology Dependent

Inflexible Flexible
 Functions they perform can’t be changed  We need only to update the software.
easily.

Example: Example:
Communication system Personal computer,PDA’s
Ciphering algorithm Mobile phones,PLC’s

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