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Lab Report: BGMEA University of Fashion &technology

This lab report summarizes an experiment to verify the voltage divider rule (VDR) and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) using a circuit with three resistors connected in series. The student used a circuit simulator to apply a voltage source, measure voltages across each resistor, and confirm that the calculated and measured voltages matched. The student also showed that the sum of the voltage rises equaled the sum of the voltage drops in the circuit, verifying KVL. The objective was met by experimentally validating the VDR and KVL equations through circuit simulation.

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Ratul Hasan
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194 views6 pages

Lab Report: BGMEA University of Fashion &technology

This lab report summarizes an experiment to verify the voltage divider rule (VDR) and Kirchhoff's voltage law (KVL) using a circuit with three resistors connected in series. The student used a circuit simulator to apply a voltage source, measure voltages across each resistor, and confirm that the calculated and measured voltages matched. The student also showed that the sum of the voltage rises equaled the sum of the voltage drops in the circuit, verifying KVL. The objective was met by experimentally validating the VDR and KVL equations through circuit simulation.

Uploaded by

Ratul Hasan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BGMEA University of Fashion &Technology

Department of Textile Engineering & Management

LAB REPORT

Course Title: Elements of Electrical


& Electronic Engineering (Lab)
Course Code: EEE-2102

Submitted To
Rebeka Tanij Tania

Submitted By
Ratul Hasan
ID No: 192-029-811
Batch: 192; Section: 1(A)
Experiment no: 3

Experiment Name: Verification of VDR and KVL.

Objective:
To verify (i) Voltage divider rule and (ii) Kirchhoff’s voltage law, using
experimental data and comparing data to that from calculation.

Theory:
(i) The voltage divider rule (VDR) permits the determination of the voltage
across a series resistor without first having to determine the current of
the circuit. It states that, the voltage across a resistor in a series circuit is
equal to the value of that resistor times the total applied voltage divided
by the total resistance of the series configuration.

VX = RX*(E/RT)

(ii) The algebraic sum of the potential rises and drops around a closed path
(or closed loop) is zero. Or, the applied voltage of a series dc circuit will
equal the sum of the voltage drops of the circuit. That is,

∑ ↻Vrises = ∑ ↻Vdrops
Circuit Diagram:

Figure: Circuit arrangement for verifying VDR and KVL.

Required Components:
1. Trainer board with power supply.
2. Resistors: 3pc.
3. Connecting wires.
4. Multi meter.

Procedures:
1. Place the resistors in bread board. Use ohm meter to determine value of each
resistor. Name them as R1, R2, R3.
2. Connect the R1, R2, R3 resistors in series. Place them on as left as possible.
3. Make sure the volt meter mode has been selected.
4. Carefully use the trainer board DC module to supply voltage in the circuit. Use
volt meter to determine the value of supply voltage.
5. Determine voltage across each resistor VR1, VR2, VR3. This is your
experimental data.
6. Use data obtained from procedure no 1 and procedure no 4 as values for R1,
R2, R3 and E for calculation.
7. Use ‘Voltage Divider Rule’ (formulas given) to obtain data for VR1, VR2, VR3.
This is calculated data.
8. Compare the two data (procedure no 5 and procedure no 7).
9. Use experimental data (procedure no 5) to justify the statement of ‘Kirchhoff’s
Voltage Law’.
10. Make sure to power off the multi meter, trainer board, DC/AC power supply
(if used) and proper return of other parts (resistor, diode, connecting wires etc.)
before you leave the lab.

Software Simulation:

Figure: Simulation arrangement for verifying VDR and KVL.

1. Use ‘Proteus’ to draw the schematic diagram.


2. From library import general resistor.
3. Use generator mode to insert DC source and terminal mode to insert ground.
4. Put voltmeters across the resistors and select range accordingly.
5. Run the simulation. Discuss obtained results.
Calculation:
(i) Verification of VDR:
Resistor Values: R1=10Ω, R2=15Ω, R3=20Ω.
Supply Voltage=35V.

Using VDR we get: VR1 = (E/Rt)*R1=(35V/35Ω)*10Ω=10V

VR2 = (E/Rt)*R2=(35V/35Ω)*15Ω=15V

VR3 == (E/Rt)*R3=(35V/35Ω)*20Ω=20V
Data Table:

Experimental data perfectly coincides with mathematical data since experiment was simulation based.

(ii) Verification of KVL:


Sum of voltage rise=Sum of voltage drop
Voltage rise + Voltage drop=0
From experimental data, Voltage rise=Supply voltage=35V
Voltage drop=Drop across the resistors=10V+15V+20V=35V
Therefore, voltage rise=voltage drop. KVL is justified.

Discussion:
Experimental data was obtained from simulation so perfectly matched data
obtained from calculation. In practical, variation occurs because perfect
measurement and perfect environment is difficult to establish. Measurement of
current was excluded because calculation was carried out using voltage and
resistance ratio.

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