EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1542 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM April 1999 ICS $1,010.20; 91,080.40 English version Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Measurement of bond strength by pull-oif Procite sythnes pout a proecon ea rparatin des Produkt und Systeme tr don Schut nd ie Srucures ener. Watnals deco“ Mesuage ce Inctandoctaung von Gotntaguoreen. Paveratron- Taanetenee pr vacion rece Tessung dr Fatosietn Abveiovesueh ‘This Curopean Standard was approved by CEN on 8 March 1990. CEN members are boundto comply with the CENICENELEC intemal Regulations which stipulate the conditions forgiving this European Standard the elatus ofa natonaletendarc withaut any alteration. Up-o-dae iste and bibliograptical references cencorng such rational standards may be obtained on application to te Cowal Secretariat oto ary CEN member ‘This European Standard exits in three offic! versione (English, French, German]. A version in any other language made by tenstation Under the responsitily of a CEN member Into is ove language and notfid tothe Contra Secretariat has the same status ae the oficial versions. CEN members are the national standards bocies af Austr, Belgium, Cresh Repibte, Danmark, Finland, Franco, Garmany, Grocce, {cotard, ireland, aly, Lixemoourg, Netherlands, Norway, Ponugl, Span, Sweden, Satzeriand and United Kingdom. ee EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE TOR NORNUNG Central Secretariat: ue ée Stassart,95 B-1050 Brussels © 1999 CEN Alt aights of expiotaton in any form anc by ary means reserved FFet, No. EN 154221938 & \worldwtie for CEN national MembersPage 2 EN 1542:1999 Contents 1 Scope.. Normative references neuen PRINCIPLE. enon Equipment. 1 Preparation of the suriace for 2 Number of fest specimens 6 Procedure... 6.1 Applying the repair products or system: 2 3 4 5 Preparation 5, 5 “1 Core driing 72 Applying the dolly 7.3. Setting the pull-off equipment 7.4 Applying the load. 75 Determination of the type of failure. 7.5 Validity of the test resutt..... 7.7 Calculatio 8 Test report... Annex A (normative) Summary of temperatures and humi and testing of repair products and systems...... AA CUTING onnennne A2 Conditioning and testing ios for the curing, conditioningPage 3 EN 1542:1999 Foreword This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 104. "Concrete (performance, production, placing and compliance criteria)", the secretariat of which is held by DIN. ‘This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by Ociober 1999, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at tho latest by October 1999. According to the CENICENELEC Intemal Regulations, the national standards organizations of tho following counties are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Begum, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finiand, France, Germany, Greece, Icotand, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Nothoriands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, ‘Switzerland an the United Kingdom. This European Standard describes a method for determining the pulloff bond strength of repair products and systems applied to a reference concrete. The method Is derived from EN 24624 “Paints and Vamishes — Pull-off teat (ISO 4624:1978)*, which is not appropriate for repair products and systems.Pago 4 EN 1542:1998 1 Scope ‘This European Standard is one of a series dealing with products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures. It specifies a method for measuring the tensile bond strength of grouts, mortars, concretes and ‘surface protection systems (SPS) used for the protection and repair of concrete. ‘The provisions of the standard are applicable to products and systems applied to a maximum thickness of 50 mm in the test method but some products may be used in repairs where itis applied at more than 50 mm thickness. 2 Normative references ‘This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European ‘Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies. EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement - Pact 1: Detemnination of strength. EN 1504, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures ~ Definitions, requirement quality control and evaluation of contort. EN 2462: 11992, Painis and vamishes — Pull-off test (ISO 4624:1978). prEN 1766, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete siructures - Test methods - Reference concretes for testing. ISO 554:1976, Slandard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing - Specitications. 3 Principle This Standard describes a rhethad for measuring the tensile bond strength of repair products and systems applied to standard reference concrata specimens propared according to pr=N 1766. Tha mathod of test is by civact dolly pull-off using a dolly bonded to the surface of the repair product or system, with the test area having been defined by coring through the surface. 4 Equipment 4.1 Mortar mixer, in accordance with EN 196-1 or concrete mixer, (forced action pan mixer). 4.2 Compaction tools and equipment for repair grouts, mortars and coneretes according to EN 196-1. ‘The compaction method shalt be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, 4.3. Standard laboratory climate in accordance with the requirements of Annex A. 4.4 Moulds for producing a uniform thickness of repair product or systems on top of the reference concrete specimen, mace from non absorbent, rigid material, Not attacked by cement paste or polymers, into which the reference concrete specimen shall be placed (see figure 2) 4.5 Vernier calipers accurate to not less than 0,1 mm. 4.6 Rapid hardening two component epoxy adhesive, or similar, as recommended by the manufacturer.Pago § EN 1542-1999 Circular dollies with a diameter of (50 + 0,5) mm and with a thicknoss of at loast 20 mm if made of steel, or with a thickness of at least 30 mm if made of aluminium. On the side 10 which the adhesive is to be applied, the ally shall be flat with a tolerance of 0,1 mm per 0 mm tength. ‘The dollies shall be provided with 2 means for attaching the pultoff test equipment (see 4.11) that ensures the load can be applied normal to the surface under test, without bending or shear forces being applied to the test area. ‘The method used for attaching the dolly to the pull-off test equipment shal normally incorporate a spherical seat, or otherwise the spherical seat shall be within the pull-off test equipment, to ensure the requirements of this subciause can bo met. 4.8 Grinding equipment, for cleaning adhesive from the used doliies. 4.9 Steel wire brush and soft-bristled brush. 4.10Diamond core drill and barrel that enable the drilling of a (50 + 1.0) mm cylinder through the repair product and system. The core barrel should have a cutting edge that stands proud of the cylinder by (1,5£0,5) mm (to reduce lateral forces being eppiied to the test aroa). 4.11Pull off test equipment complying with EN 24624 with a pulling capacity sufficient to cause tensile bond failure of the specimen. The accuracy shall be within +2%. (A capacity of 10KN is sufficient for most applications). The pull off equipment shall be capable of applying the {cad according to 3.1 of EN 24624:1992 and shall be provided wih a measurement device that displays the exerted force by an analogue or digital system. The measurement device shall retain the reading of maximum force exerted 4.12Concrete test specimens, of dimension 300 mm x 200 mm x 100 mm, with a meximum aggregate size of 8 mm or 10 mm and prepared with a grit-blasted surface, according to prEN 1768. The strength grade shall be in accordance with EN 1504 series. 5 Preparation Unless the repair product or system is intended to be used on horizontal surfaces only, as advised by the manufacturer, the application shall be to a vertical surface 5.1 Preparati n of the surface for application of the product The repair product or system shall be applied to the gtit-blasted sutace of the reference concrete specimen {o00 4.12) in ether the dry or wet condition, as defined in Annox A To ensure ihe grit-blasted surface of the relerence concrete specimens is free from contamination, it shall be cleaned using the stecl wire brush (see 4.9) under running water immodiatoly before the final conditioning and applying the repair product or systems, as follows for 2 wet surface, the reference specimen shall be stood upright for 30 min ; for a dry surface the reference specimen shall be conditioned for seven days in the standard laboratory climate (see 4.3) and immediately before applying the product, the test spaciman shail be cleaned again using the soft-bristied brush. Following cleaning and conditioning, the bottom surface of the test specimen shall be indelibly marked and then the specimen placad on blocks, inside « mould (see 4.4) if required. The grit-blasted and cleaned surface shall thon bo secured in a vertical pesttion (unless the products is intended to be used for application to horizontal surtaces only). 5.2 Number of test specimens ‘A minimum of one test specimen is required for each repair product or system, from which five bond tests shail be Carried out. The arrangement of the test areas, the sequence of tests and the numbering system to be employed is. shown in Figure 1. The minimum acceptable number of test aiving a normal type of failure is three (see 7.6).Page 6 EN 1542:1999 NOTE Owing 10 the risk of some results being invalidated, due to abnormal types of f should be prepared, thereby avoiing delays 4 repeat testing i required. lure, additional test specimens 6 Procedure 6.1 Applying the repair products or system ‘The product or system, together with the containers and tools to be used for preparing the mix and its application, shall be placed in the standard laboratory climate (see 4.3) for at least 24 h before use. Unless otherwise instructed by the manutacturer, use the following mixing technique for preparing the specimens. For PCC and cementitious mortar, use the mortar mixer (see 4.1) set to a low speed, pouring the gauging liquid to the Dow! and adding the dry ingrecients, mixing for a total period of 2 min. Where manufacturer's instructions preclude use of part bags of materials, a concrata mixer (see 4.1) or other method recommended by the manulacturer shall be used. NOTE thas been found that certain types of repair mortar can foam excessively undar the action o! the moxtar mixer ‘specified in EN 195-1, An altornative is to use a concvete mixer (coe 4.1), The air content, strength and density of tho CC and PCC mixes snould normally be determined io characterise the mortar under test. 6.2 Storage The tost specimens propared in tho vortical position shall be stored in this position for throo days under the curing conditions specified in Annex A. During the storage period, the faces of the test specimens shall be positioned at east 100 mm apart. Any moulds (see 4.4) shall be removed 24 hi after application of the product or system of products and then rotumed to tho vortical position, urless stated otherwise by the manufacturor. Following the three days of vertical curing, the specimens may be laid horizontal and curing continued for the time spectied in Annex A. 7 Carrying out test Following the curing period, the test specimen shall be conditioned for seven days by storage in a standard laboratory cimate, es specified in Annex A. Towards the end of this seven day period, the specimen shall be prepared by fixing the dollies such that testing can take place at the end of the seventh day. 7A Core drilling Fasten the core dri and tet speciman so that they cannot mave or bacome loose. Tha dill should bo free trom significant vibration end should not allow lateral movement of the coring bit. Drill with a diamond coring barrel (see 4.10) with an axss at (90 + 1)* to the surface. Dill through the repair product or systom to a dopth of (15.2 6) mm into the concrete substrate, Remove the diamond coring barrel without damaging the test speckmen. NOTE The total dril-in depth is dadst (1545) where 4, is the total drilin depth, in milimetres. te is the thickness of the mortar layer, in milimerresPage7 EN 1542-1999 7.2 Applying the dolly Clean the doliy using the grinding equipment as necessary (see 4.8), then degiease and dry the side of the dolly (See 4.7) onto which the achesive (see 4.6) is to be applied. Apply a thin layer of adhesive to tho surface of the specimen so that the adhesive forms a uniform layer between the dolly and the substrate. No adhesive shall penetrate into the clearance made by the coring barrel. Place the dolly on the core face so that the centre of the dolly coincides with the centre of the core. Apply sufficient pressure to the dolly lo expel air, carefully and immediately removing any extruded adhesive. Allow the adhesive to harden in accordance with the manufacturers instructions. 7.3 Setting the pull-off equipment ‘The pull off equipment (see 4.11) and its accessories shall be used in accordance with the manufacture’s inctructions. Place the pull-olf equipment concentrically over the dolly and 2t (90+ 1)* to the cored surface. Secure the equipment in such way that its pasitian will nat change during the tost. 7.4 Applying the load Increase the load continuousty and evenly at a rete of (0,05 + 0.01) MPa‘s until failure occurs. Record the load at failure and then determine the mean diameter of the specimen at the failure face as the average result of measurements taken perpendicularly to each other, across the core, using the vernier calipers (soo 4.5) ‘Avoid excessive fluctuations in applying the load, Fable to occur for instance when using cortain types of manually operated pull- off equipment. 7.5 Determination of the type of failure From a visual assessment, dotormine the type of failure of the specimen. The types of failure are as follows = A Cohesion failure in the concrete substrate ; AB ‘Adhesion failure between the substrate and the first layer (e.g. primer. bonding slurry or mortar) ; 8 Cohesion failure in the first layer ; BIC: Adhesion failure between the first and second layer ; c ‘Cohesion failure in the second layer : (Eic., as defined by the particular product or system under test) n Adhesion failure between the last layer and adhesive layer (e.9. C/Y in a two-layer repair system) ; Y Cohesion failure in the achesive layer vig: Adhesion failure between the achesive layer and the dolly (which is Z). If there is combination of these types of failure, a vieual inspection shall be made of the failure face to find the percentage of each type of failure, based on the surface area, for example A: AIB:B =40%: 10%: 50%Page 8 EN 1542:1999 7.6 Validity of the test result For each test location, the load at {ailuro is valid for all combinations of failuro type, except where an abnormal failure occurs. An abnormal failure is where the adhesive layer faiis prematurely (i.e. where the surface includes part of a type Y, type Y/Z or type -/¥ falure). In this event the tensile bond sirength for that location shall not be calculated. NOTE Abnormal failures may suggest the adhesive is unsuitable for use with the repair product or system under test and the manufacturer's advica shouid be obtained. 77 Calculation For each test location yielding a normal failure, calculate the tensile bond strength, to the nearest 0,1 MPa, using the following formula = 4F, seme where fe is thebond ofthe test specimen, in megapascals Fis te fluro loa, in Nowtons: D is the mean diameter of the test specimen, in millimetres. ‘The mean tensile bond strength shal then be determined from a minimum of three nowral test resuts. tf many abnormal failures occur, as defined in 7.6, further test specimens shall bo propared and tosted until the required ‘minimum number of results is obtained. 8 Test report ‘The test report shall include the following information a) a reference to this European Standard, including the number, tle and cate of issue ; b)_ the place, date and time of sampling and testing ; @ ‘c) _identifcation of the type, origin and designation of the repair product or system under test ; ¢) methods used for preparation, curing and conditioning of the specimens ; ) the thickness of repair mortar ; 4) the test date, age, type and roughness of the concrete : 9) the diameter, thickness and the material of the dolly used and the type of adhesive : h) a description of the pul-off test equipment, stating the make, type, load capacity and measurement range ; 1) the failure load and the mean diameter for each location number from Figure 1 ; 3) the individual tensile bond strength tast focults, and tho moan results ; k) the type of failure for each location ; }) any anomalies or points of note recorded during testing,Pages EN 1542:1999 Dimensions in milimetres Key 1. Anmulus around test area, formed by coring 2 50 mm ciameter steel or aluminium doly Figure 1 - Plan of specimen showing dolly locations Dimensions in millimetres 400 | Key Mould Product of system Thickness adjusted by fixing mauld in position Reference concrete specimen Figure 2 - Section through specimen, showing mould in placePage 10 EN 1542:1999 Annex A (normative) Summary of temperatures and humidities for the curing, conditioning and testing of repair products and systems AACuring A1.1 CC (grouts, mortars and concretes) + prapare as EN 196-1, cover in film for 24 h ; = domould aftor 24h ; = cure under water at (21 + 2)°C for 27 days. 1.2 PCC (grouts, mortars and coneretes) > prepare as EN 196-1, cover in film for 24 h ; = demould after 24 h and wrap in film for 48, = unwrap and cure for 25 days in a standard laboratory climate of (21 +2)°C and (60 + 10) % relative humidity. 1.3 PC (grouts, mortars and concretes) - proparo as ISO 554; - cure for 7 days at (21 2 2) °C and (60 10) % rolative humidity. ‘A.2Conditioning and testing For specific epplications, the following conditions apply : A211 Standard laboratory climate (Dry conditioning) : take from the curing/storage environment and condition for 7 days in a standard laboratory climate (21 £2)°C and (60 + 10) % relative humidity. A2.2 Wet conditioning > Immerse tor 7 days at (21 +2)°C, or for CC take directly for test after 28 days of immersion ; ~ remove all surface water by standing upright for 30 min before using for tests, of