Conservative systems In The Dynamics Of Particles.

Dynamics is the part of Mechanics that studies the relationships between the
causes that originate movements and the properties of the movements
originated (Ayneto Gubert et al., 2012). Newton's laws are the three basic
principles that explain the movement of bodies, according to classical
mechanics. They were first formulated by Newton in 1687, although the first
was already stated by Galileo, here they are only valid for an inertial reference
system. Clase 17 : Fuerzasz conservativas y energía potencial, 2020).

However, the definition of mechanical energy occurs when a particle moves in a

region of space where one or more fields of F c ( ⃗r ), conservative forces act, Its
mechanical energy is defined as the sum of its kinetic energy and its various
forms of power energy, (Abramson, 2018).

Emec =Ecin + ∑ U c (⃗r )

c

Each function U c (⃗r ) is associated with a different conservative force F c ( ⃗r ), for

example gravitational and elastic; each is defined with respect to a reference
position (they can be different points for each). Kinetic energy, as we know, is

1 2
given by pore Ecin = mv , (Ayneto Gubert et al., 2012).
2

A clear example of everyday life is when using a lift in a building, because we

have a conservative force associated with it, at several points before we
operate the lift we have that the elastic force and the gravitational force, are in a
resting position that preserves the energy; At the moment of climbing up and
operating the elevator we have a loss, however, when rising the elastic force is
recovered with respect to the gravitational force, (Bab, 2020).

Another of the systems that allow energy conservation is the theorem of work
and mechanical energy, because when a particle, seen from an inertial system
(Cerra et al., 2013), travels along a path C in the presence of different forces
(conservative and non-conservative), the variation of its mechanical energy is
equal to the work of non-conservative forces:

∑ W ⃗F ( nc)
j
, C=∆ Emec
j
Here the index j goes through all non-conservative forces, whereas

Emec =Ecin + ∑ U c (⃗r ), includes the kinetic energy and the potential energies of all
c

the conservative forces, (de, s/f).

For this theorem we have a clear example, when we mobilize in a taxi and we
must climb a street that has an inclination creating an angle with respect to the
horizontal, as we go up we have the normal force that is perpendicular to the
surface, the acceleration force with which the car rises, opposite this we have
the frictional force and finally we have the force of the weight that is directed
towards the center of the earth which makes the car at the end of the summit is
kept in instant at rest returning all forces to a state of energy conservation as
shown by theorem, (Eduardo Hurtado et al., 2000).

It is worth noting that in this example the mechanical energy of the particle
decreases after the rise, ∆E mec-W FR<0 This is why the kinetic friction force is
said to be dissipative, as long as it performs negative work on the particle
"dispels" mechanical energy. A more complete picture of the situation would
make us understand that "lost" mechanical energy is not destroyed, but
transforms into some other form of non-mechanical energy, (General, s/f).

The Theorem of Work and Mechanical Energy, you get a direct corollary: if the
left side were zero, the mechanical energy would not change, because in this is
the Principle of Conservation of Mechanical Energy.

If a particle, viewed from an inertial system, travels a path from point A to point
B in such a way that only conservative forces perform work on it, then the
variation of its mechanical energy is zero: ∆ E mec =0 o bien ∆ E mec ( A ) =∆ Emec ( B),

ya que Aquí Emec =Ecin ∑ U c (⃗r ), includes the kinetic energy and potential
c

energies of all conservation forces, (Lopez, 2019).

In this case an example is the one that we have when we slide of a smooth
metallic resbaladera and In this situation we say that the mechanical energy
survives; it maintains its value, neither increases nor diminishes. It must remain
clear that this statement has hypothesis: if there is no work of not conserving
forces, of that time the mechanical energy survives. The opposite case, the
mechanical energy does not survive, as in the example of the plane inclined
with rubbing, (Resided Road and Álvarez López, 2017).

The potential energy is an energy associated with the configuration of the

system, and in particular to the position of the particles inside the field. Let's
think that the forces that act on the particles of the system are conserving (the
work realized by the force, on having displaced a particle between 2 points of a
field, does not depend on the trajectory that continues the particle and only it
depends on the coordinates of the initial and final points). The potential energy
associated with a conserving force, it is say that we are in a position to define
the potential energy associated with a conservation forcé

When a particle is located in a region of space where there is a conservative

force field F c ( r⃗ ) ,which acts on it, and given a fixed reference point, the potential
energy associated with force F c ( r⃗ ) ,is defined with respect to the point ( r⃗ 0),

given U c ( ⃗r )=−W ⃗F r⃗ →⃗r ; you also have to take into account the angular
c o 1

momentum (LO) of a discrete particle system with respect to an inertial

reference system Or it is defined as the sum of the individual angular moments
of each particle relative to observer O, (Rocco & Exacts, 2013).

In this case we can observe these kinds of forces act when we kick a ball and
we have a lower resistance of the air so that we form a trajectory until we reach
its target. That is, the value of the work performed by force by bringing the
particle from a fixed position point 0 ( r⃗ 0), , to the position P point r⃗ , but
changed sign, (Class 17 : Conservative forces and potential energy, 2020).

Finally we can conclude that conservative systems, exist in almost all our
activities simply that they can become imperceptible because we are already
used to how they act in our macro environment since by inertia we often carry
out activities and we do not know the forces that end up acting on us; such is so
that we do not know the frictional force or resistance that we are presented with
the air to move whether walking, by car or by plane. If we look at it in a much
deeper way we can see that these forces are involved in everything and it is
important to study them because we can solve problems existing in engines,
production systems of a factory, or if we want to see it more deeply and
microscopically reach at the atomic level and understand how the universe
works because we will understand that everything is in constant chaos, however
in one way or another energy is conserved by the properties mentioned in the
laws and examples mentioned in each of them application of energy
conservation systems , becoming an essential issue for the development of a
much more macro project than a focus on solutions to problems that exist
today, one of them is the displacement of aircraft that are difficult for them along
the journey because they have resistance of air currents in addition to the
coriolysis effect that the earth has, when applying these concepts are effective
trajectories that take advantage of mechanical work , potential energy and
kinetic energy.

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