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Fermentation

biological

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15 views3 pages

Fermentation

biological

Uploaded by

grace
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic process by which bacteria and yeast strains

convert pyruvic acid into lactic acid. The process utilizes nicotinate adenine dinucleotide and

hydrogen (NADH) to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and NAD+. Alcohol fermentation is

also an anaerobic conversion of pyruvate produced from glycolysis into carbon dioxide and

alcohol. It produces two molecules of ATP and acetaldehyde (Learning lumen). Notably, both

are anaerobic catalytic processes that take place in the cytosol. They both involve the breakdown

of pyruvate molecules, and in the process, NAD+ and heat are generated. They both produce four

ATP molecules; thus, two net ATPs are gained in both reactions. The chemical reactions occur in

two steps. The first is glycolysis, and the two molecules of NADH produced from this step are

utilized in the second step of both processes. Both the reactions occur with the help of

dehydrogenase and decarboxylase enzymes. Moreover, both processes are less efficient in

producing energy in the form of ATP molecules compared to aerobic fermentation.

Conversely, the main difference between the two fermentation reactions is the byproducts

produced. Whereas lactic acid fermentation results in the synthesis of lactic acid as a byproduct

of pyruvate breakdown, alcoholic fermentation generates ethanol and carbon dioxide.

Additionally, both are applied in the food industry; however, lactic acid fermentation is

employed in cheese and yogurt production, while alcohol fermentation is used in producing

wine, beer, bread, and vinegar.


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Lactic acid fermentation occurs in animals, certain bacteria, and Yeast cells. In animals,

the process occurs in mammalian red blood cells and skeletal muscle cells, while in bacteria, it

occurs in Lactobacillus species.


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Work cited

Learning lumen. “Biology for non-majors”. Retrieved March 27, 2021, from

<https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-nmbiology1/chapter/outcome-

fermentation/>

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