size Did you know that it tokes 8 minutes 17 seconds for the sur's light to reach the earth? Our world is full of many such amazing facts. The roots of the rye plant can grow up to 613 km into the soil! A humpback whale can eat up to 1360 kg of fish a day. Here is a number you will be able to read when you finish this chapter—an elephants trunkx has about 1,00,000 different muscles. ey Tp As a digit moves to left, its value keeps rer Ri F O Value of 4 4 4 Tens place (3 * 10) a 40 * Hundreds place($x100) = 800 ! 4i3 400 5000 5832 ~~ Thousands place (5 * 1000) = Fill in the boxes using the clues given, 7 thousands, 8 hundreds and 9 ones ay eT Place value of 5 in 5,364 © Smallest number using digits 9, 1, 2 and 8 F Number before 9310 g 1000 +900 +70 hy The smallest among 3509, 3905 and 3095 Now check using the “Down” clues +4 F Largest three-digit number | © The value of a digit goes up this many times as it Across moves to the left of the place value chart a Three thousand, four hundred i Number of tens in 480 eighteen J 1000 less than 1167 b 1000 more than 7639 kc Nine thousand, eighty-nine ee New ving Matera AaNIWA3DVIdZ Z g 2 Gy 5- AND 6-DIGIT NUMBERS 5-Digit Numbers Your body has about 97,000 km of blood vessels running through it. 97,000 is a 5-digit number. How do we read it? We know that 9,999 is the largest 4-digit number. If we add 1 more to it, we make the smallest 5-digit number. This also leads to a new place called the ten thousands place. Greatest Number ‘Smallest Number 9,999+1= 10,000 —(onedigit) 941 = 10 (two digit) (two digits) 99+1 = 100 (three digits) ; (three digits) 999 +1 Ten thousand (fourdigits) 9,999+1 1,000 (Four digits) 10,000 (five digits) 97,000 is read as ninety-seven thousand. Let us read some other S-digit numbers. Examples: Th Th HT of ee "TTh'for'Ten | 110 9 (rep outand'ont thousands, | 2 0 0 3. O%siTiwehty thousand, \chiny? S {tis \ 4 5 8 0 0 | Forty-five thousand, eight hundred 6 1 2 0 5 | Sixty-one thousand, two hundred five 2. 3 3 4 4 Twenty-three thousand, three hundred forty-four Let us look at the number 23,344 or twenty-three thousand, three hundred forty four again. 2 3 3 4 4 ' ' , y , 10000 | 1000 100 10 i aT ed | . jive the expande | 10.099) | i000)| | 196 40 o oration for 45,863, i 1000 100 10 1 ‘© Give one number for 2ten 10 1 50,000 + 7,000 +400 + thousands i ; 3042. ) Shundreds thousands sel ' 4 ones Expanded notation: 20,000 + 3,000 + 300+ 40+ 4 New Enjoying Mathematics ¢Place Value Chart The path that a plane takes from one place to another is called flight route or an air route There are 49,871 air routes in the world. is peri ines peri Thousands period Ones period j “© AS-digit number begins with the ten 2| 3 4 a thousands place. B% g)e/8)]é © The ten thousands place is in the 3 2 | 5 ° thousands period. S| oF =| | BB Gceiscieeeiers i 9 bol fan) thousands period from the ones period. The place value chart has been separated into two groups called periods. “The ones period has three places—hundreds, tens and ones. The thousands period has two places—ten thousands and thousands. ‘When we write a numbel NOD.e FORD to separate the 49,871, ~ : : periods. f Example: Take the number Platé Valid’ Fate Value Y VARGO Sb. value only of digit of digit gives the value of the digit. The place value gives the value of the digit depending on its place in the number. non 1 (1«1) -70 (7* 10) ~ 800 (8* 100) 9,000 (9 « 1,000) * 40,000 (4x 10,000) Expanded notation: 40,000 + 9,000 + 800 +70 +1 In words: Forty-nine thousand, it hundred sevent Expanded notation In words ANTVA3W1d New Enjoying Mathematics 43 : 6-DigitNumbers EJ India has the maxirnum number of post offices in the world. In 2014, there were 1,54,882 post offices in the country. 1,54,882 is a 6-digit number. We know that 99,999 is the largest 5-digit number. 99,999 + 1 = 1,00,000 (the smallest 6-digit number) , One lakh A 6-digit number moves into a new period called the lakhs period Place Value Chart Take the number 1,54,882. number begins one lakh place, ‘We put a comma to fe the lakhs period REST m the thousands period. Sometimes instead of commas, ‘ops space can be left berween periods ~ 80 to help us read the number easily. > 800 For example, 154 882. } 4,000 ~ add » 50,000 --» 1,00,000 Read 1,4,882 as one lalch, fifty-four thousand, eight hundred eighty-two. zm e600 Expanded notation In words New Enjoying MathematicsExercise 1A .......-- Siensesuecaei® oes 1 Write the numbers shown on the spike abacus. Then write in words in your exercise books. Two have been done for you. LimmH To bo mm to © omhm a To T20706 Tooot d mmm a To e tmmnto fo ummnto 2 The chart shor Read the numbi Age (in a certain age 10 3. Write in figures. @ Seventeen thousand, eight hundred ninety-nine b Twenty-one thousand, five © One lakh, thirty-eight thousand, nine hundred Forty thousand, three hundred sixty-two © Two lakh fifty thousand, nine hundred thirty-six rs 4 Fill in the blanks. a = 1,26,504 has = 1265 a 1209 hundreds ten thousands tens thousands ones lakh5 Write the numeral in each of the following. a 20,000 + 5,000 + 400 + 30 +2 = b 60,000 + 9,000 + S00+7- © 3,00,000 + 2,000+100+20=______ d_—- 10,000 + 500 + 60+ 4=___ e 40,000 +70+5=____ 6 Write the expanded form of each of the following. a 61,986 b 42,086 «20,880 d 134,395 e 3,57,006 7 Write the place value and the face value of the coloured digit in each of the following. a 8,237 b 3,490 © 4,384 d 38,691 e 16,241 f 243,612 g 49,861 h 59,368 i 534,959 j 11,581 8 a Countintens. i 9310 9,520) 14260 14270 b Countin hundreds. 6.385 7.385 8385 wnos~—aoos—~—~« 00 d_ Observe the pattern and complete i Teese CS 23,536 39,536 49/536 2 Write the number before for the Following numbers. a 38,143 b 40,120 « 1,79,999 d 2,35,800 e 4,00,000 The “number before” is also called predecessor and the sda is also called successor. 10 Write the number after for the following numbers < e a 26,362 b 40,389 © 2,35,999 d 3,80,500 e 1,99,999 PLACE VALUE ay New Enjoying Mathematics ¢By COMPARING NUMBERS B Comparing Numbers with Different Number of Digits Example 1: lf you could draw a line from one side of planet Earth through the centre up to the other side, @ it would measure 12,756 km. If you did the same to the planet Mercury, it would be 4,879 km. Which is bigger? Label the two planets alongside after you have compared the numbers. —— = The greater the number of digits the greater the number. 12,756 > 4,879 Answer: Earth is the bigger planet. Example 2: 91,842 4,65,790 91,842 < 1,65,790 Comparing Numbefswithithd Same Number-of Digit | x Example 1: \f you didthe same to planet Venus, it would measure 12,104ktn. Which is'smallérEarth or Venus? Compare 12,104 km with 12,756 km. © Start from the left and compare the digits until you find two digits that are different. © Compare them to decide which is the smaller or the greater number. 12,104 12,256 avecect: Lc/fiifoeene: eS 1 2 7 a 8356 () 4,285 b 20,005 ©) 20,050 © 7115 ©) 17,115 4 16,915 () 16,937 12,104 < 12,756 Answer: Venus is smaller than Earth. Example 2: 92,506 (?) 92,056 92,506 > 92,056 AaNIWA3DVId a New Enoyng Mathematics 43 : ay New Enjoying Mathematics ¢ fy ASCENDING AND DESCENDING ORDERS Ascending order is the same as increasing order where aSCENDING numbers are arranged from smallest value to greatest value. Smaller to bigger Example 1: Rearrange the following numbers in ascending order: 5,381, 63,985, 2,612, 11,509 5,381 63,985 © 2,612) 11,509 261. 5,381) 63,985 11,509 2,612, 5,381 63,985 11,509 2,612, 5,381, 11,509 £63,985 2,612, 5,381, 11,509, 63,985 ‘Arrange in ascending order, Descending orderiis the same as decreasing order p> jy where numbers are arranged from greatest value to smallest value. DESCENDIN IG Example 1: Rearrange the following numbers in Bigger to Smaller descending order: 83,765, 83,394, 82,386, 88,439 83,765 83,394 82,386 88,439 88,439 —_ 83,765) 83,394 82,386 88,439, 83,765 83,394) 82,386 88,439, 83,765, 83,394 82,336 88,439, 83,765, 83,394, 82,386 al This is a list of the kinds of animals in each of these ani groups. Rearrange the list in descending order. Animal group—Number of kinds of animals Birds-9,956 __Fish~30,000 _Reptil 8,256 __Insects~9,50,000.Exercise 1B ange CSE TN, 1 Put the correct sign (< or>). a 29,834 (_) 36,001 b_ 31,670 (_) 31,671 « 42,835 (_) 4,28,351 2 Ring the greatest number in each of the following. a 23,189 32,189 31,218 b 10,819 9,819 10,918 © 42,680 42,618 42,860 d 73,194 1,73,194 79,998 3. Ring the smallest number in each of the following. a 5,942 5,492 5,294 b 16,864 6,997 6,099 © 84,137 84,731 84,173 d 29,187 28,197 29,178 4 This is a list of the distance covered by some of the longest train journeys in the world. Rearrange in ascending order. Moscow to Vladivostok in Russia-9,259 km Toronto to ane ME iP O Dibrugarh to Kanyakumari in India/4238) km; Senne rehah UNIVERSITY PRI 5 Rearrange the following numbers in ascending order. a 8197 8917 8,179 8971 b 40,196 14,691 14,961 40,961 © 86,931 89,631 86,139 86,319 d 1,84,396 84,936 89,346 89,436 Ss 6 This is a list of some of the longest rivers in the world. Rearrange them in descending order. Amazon-6,400 km, Mississippi-6,275 km, Nile-6,650 km, Yangtze-6,300 km 7 Rearrange the following numbers in descending order. a 4,369 4,639 4,693. 4,396 b 39,140 38,252 39,360 38,789 © 19,672 90,438 90,251 19,190 d 64,931 98,634 —1,10,184 98,130 AaNIWA3DVId New Enjoying Mathematics 48 3 = a ey BUILDING NUMBERS You may have seen some locks with numbers on them. A number lock can be opened without keys using the secret number that it has been set to. Shipra bought a number lock and wants to set a secret number on it using only the digits 3, 8,9, 6, 2. Example 1: What is the greatest number that Shipra can make? TTh Th HT © ro build the greatest number, place the greatest digit 9 im the greatest place. Ae Then put the next greatest digit in the next place and so on. ie 8 6 - 1911/8 || 6)|3 > BG | |e By arranging the digits in descending order you can build the greatest number. Example 2: What is'the simallést Auribér tilar Shipra canmake? Tih Th HAUG J tend cietenallcar ninber. place the smallest digit 2 “he in tHelgreatest place. Then put the next smallest 2\ [3 digit in the next greatest place and so on. * Build the greatest 5-digit number using different --»(2)(3J[e)[8 digies. | * Build the greacest 6-digit 2) SUS number using the same By arranging the digits in ascending order you can digi: build the smallest number. Play with a friend. Make two sets of digit cards from 0-9, fold o and shuffle them. Each player picks five cards, and rearranges them to make the greatest number possible. Compare your numbers. The player with the greater number gets a point, In the next round rearrange the numbers to make the smallest number possible. The player with the smaller number gets a point. Play five rounds. ay New Enjoying Mathematics ¢Look at the following examples. Example 1: Use 2, 8,3, 0 and 1 to build the greatest and the smallest S-digit numbers. Build the greatest and the 83,210—greatest number smallest 5-digit numbers. 10,238~smallest number (We do not write 29,0, 2,5,1 — 01238 because ‘0’ at the beginning of a b9,4,6,5 — number has no value and is actually 1,238.) | 5g 3, Example 2: Use 2, 8 and 9 to build the greatest and the smallest 4-digit numbers. (Digits may be repeated) 9,982—greatest number (Repeat the greatest digit) 2,289—smallest number (Repeat the smallest digit) Example 3: Use 1, 8 and 7 to build the greatest and the smallest 5-digit numbers possible. (Digits may be repeated) 88,871—greatest number 11,178—smallest number Exercise 1¢ gms LYV BRA Nye: 1. Use the digits tO, make! the greatest number and the smallest number possible. Do not repeat the digits: } Greatest number Smallest number _ 2,8,1,4 9,6,0,7 37,154, 8,7,0,9,2 1,4,3,8,5,2 eaonce 2. Use the digits to build the greatest number and the smallest number possible, You may repeat the digits. _. 4-digit number 5-digit number Digies Greatest Smallest Greatest Smallest 29,1 Zz 8, 3,5 a ve 4,80 _ = d 1,3,0,8 iS 4,9, 6,2 is New Enjoying Matheratics 4 enZ Z g 2 air iplace, the tivo tens on the number “a70 80 line will be 470 and 480. a OSE Find the halfvay number. Step 2: “aio we ato Place the number you have to round Step 3: ws Gi a0” correctly on the number line. 476 is closer to 480. So 476 rounds to 480. Round to the Nearest 100 Round 332 to the nearest 100. 332 is between 300 and 400. 332 is closer to 300. ° 332 is rounded to 300. 300 350 00 New Enjoying Mathomatis 4Exercise ID .. ‘Which of these numbers cannot be rounded in real life situations? Put a ‘/’ next to those which you can and a ‘X’ next to those you cannot. a Your shoe size b Your telephone number © Number of children in your city d_ Your house number Number of books in a library Round to the nearest 10. a 65 bo © 78 d 34 e 13 f 11S g 488 h 225 i 672 j 919 Round to the nearest 100. a 436 b 651 c 318 d 349 e 365 205 g 770 h 536 i 148 j 912 Use the digits 8, 3, 6 to build a number that rounds up to 370. 5 Application in réaldies a 87 students of acraftclass are to be given one diya each to paint. How many diyas should thecraft teacher order to thénearest 1? b The school cook prepares lunch for 285 children. For how many children should he prepare, rounded to the nearest 10? © 885 people were expected for the school function. How many chairs should be arranged, rounded to the nearest 100? ‘The boxes show the figure rounded to the nearest 100. Ring, the number of marbles that could be in dd Amrit was taking sweets for his hie bose, friends in school. There are 53 children in his class. Sweets are available in packets of 10. Ifhe rounds to nearest 10, will there be enough for everybody? To what figure Amrit should round the figure? 300 | | 239 [ais] [sss 400 |) { 449) { 3as || 451 AaNIWA3DVId New Enjoying Mathematics 4 Fiey ROMAN NUMERALS The ancient Romans wrote numerals that did not use place value. They had seven basic symbols represented by the following letters. Roman ! vox tL oc bD M Hindu-Arabic 1 5 10 50 100 500 1000 They formed the numbers from 1 to 39 using just three letters—I, Vand X. The numbers were obtained by combining I, V, and X following certain rules: © Putting a letter after one of a bigger value, means you add it. =v (5+ 1) 7=XVIL (10#5+1+1) Example 1: Example Putting a letter before one of a bigger value, means you subtract it Example 1: 4 = IW (S= 1) \ 7 Example 2: 9 = (x! (0-1) 2 @ The letters can De repedted uptoia maximum of three times only. Example 1:3 =1I|_ Example2: 30 = XxX @ When a smaller number that has been made of two letters using the addition/ subtraction rule is combined with a larger number, the whole of the smaller number is written to the right of the larger one. oT TT LCs 9= VIII 9-K WWHIGAIG+1+5=36 * 10+10+10+4=34 Ww Example 1: 29 = XXIX The letter combination making 9 (IX) is written to the right of the letter combination making "Vis never subtracted, 20 (XX). 0) “© | can be subtracted from Example 2: 14 = XIV Vand X only. ever repeated. Did You Know? _ Roman numerals do not have ‘0’. About 1,500 years ago in India, a dot was used to represent an abacus column with nothing in it. Later this dot became the ‘0” we know today. tay New Enjoying Mathematics ¢ PLACE VALUEExercise 1E .. 1 Complete the table. am! 1 21 x 10+10+1 201 1441 2 3 ll ee 4” $-1 24 5 Vv 25 6 vi s+ 26 XVI 10*10+6 “7 vu 27 8 Vill 28 9K 10-1 29 10 x 30 XK 1 Xx 10+1 at 12 a2 13 33 14 XIV 10+4 34 “18 35 16 6 : OX BORD as aie 19 XIX ere I x 4, UNIVERSEPY PRESS Fill in the Roman numerals on the clock. Greens Give your answer in Roman numbers. a X+Xl= Move only one stick to correct the sentences, b XXVI + X= VEL © XXXII -XIV= h—1=x1 4 XXI- XVII = Veet PRS Take turns drawing the strokes of roman numbers with a frien a Each must use a different coloured pencil and each is allowed 1, 2 ‘0r3 strokes or lines at one time. The person who draws the last stroke/line to complete |‘ loses the game. In the example below, the last stroke on X will be done by the person 9g ‘green’. 1 moi WM ov Vb Vit wi IX ON : = 5 ova: a og New Enjoying Mathematics 4| Vocabulary Review © Expanded © Deseending ® Building notation order numbers © Face value © Abacus @ Roman numerals @ Ten thousand © Place value © Ascending order © Digit © Rounding © Lakhs ‘Write the place value and the face value of the coloured digit in each of the following. a 20,395 bb 92,396 © c43,964 = d-2,09,781 & 6,15,294 Put the correct sign (», Ss g = 3 2 > 2 Ss 5S 3 = a = S 2 New Enjoying Mathematics 4z = & g = = Ee o = a a 2 = z e = 3 a <= fy supTRaction [J ‘Subtraction with Regrouping Example 1: The internet as we know it today was invented by a combination of ideas of different people. But the World Wide Web or www as we call it today was set up by Tim Berners Lee in 1990 and the first website was put up in 1991, An internet company needs to employ 3,421 people. So far it has employed 1,732 people. How many more people does it need? 3421-1732=? -= _ [ih eo] [HH T° THT oO mh o 3 @ eo eo @eo0 e@eeo 22ee0 34:2 3Aar BA zx 3A2ZH -(1 7-3 8] eee -[1 Hs 2] -—7 32 9 68 9 1689 Answer: 1,68: EVE ( I2 | ) < 2B ple ad icc i dB... nting the light in, 1879, Today we use environmental friendly CFL (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) which can burn for several hours. Two CFL bulbs were put in two rooms of a house. One bulb burned for 21,840 hours and the other burned for 18,395 hours. How much longer did the first bulb burn? 21840 — 18395 ? ro Check you answer by adding. e 21840 ~[ 3445 e0eeeo0 -[18:3/9'5| ¥ +[78 3955 ZX BAL a). -- Been o[4 | 831975 Answer: The first bulb burned for 3,445 3445 617/801) 4562 New Enjoying MathematicsSubtracting with Zeros Orville Wright flew the first plane in 1903 over a distance of 36 metres. Today planes are commonly used all over the world covering very long distances. Example 1: Ac the annual air show in Bengaluru, 3,000 7 people watched the display. Out of these, 1,327 came from different parts of the country. How many people were from Bengaluru itself? 3000 - 1327 =? Step 1: Step 2: Step 3: Not enough ones, tens or Regroup hundreds. Regroup tens. Subtract. hundreds. Regroup thousands. Answer: 1,673 were|from Bengaluru itself. P12 ESS Example 2: 4010 - 1867 =? © 7 are Use a shortcut: ~~ eo @e®oOo ae eles eee 2999 ARATE -1327)"-1327-1J)"-1326 -[178 16 7 | 1673 [21.43] : = = Use the shortcut. a 5000 (-1) = —___ b 80000 (-1) = = 12394 (-1) = - 2618 (-1) New Enjoying Mathematics 4 > s 2 a 3 2 > 2 s 5 3 Z a = S 2ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION Exercise 2B 1 Subtract. Add to check your answer. = b {rialaislo] ai 9:7:6:2 a 91726:2 int eal cli i © 4865 - 1673 d 5632-2486 © 7839-4234 € 47653-23854 g 68425 - 41395 h 73971-12895 2 Subtract. Watch out for the zeros. = ¥ 9:G 0:7 £ 7-0:1-0 -|2) 413.8 -|8.4 6 3 Slr a8 NORD" “4600-1778 VW Fgdob Ja34S0l FY 1h S680 - 25324 Photocopier — 1937 Pocket watch - 1510 Refrigerator - 1834 Microwave oven 1946, Adding machine - 1642 Ball point pen - 1888 Pressure cooker - 1679 Cs Thermometer - 1593 Ta Using all the digits 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9 create a 3-digit addition question wich the greatest sum possible, Newsong Mathematicsey ADDITION STRATEGIES Mrs Swamy’s class is very good at mental maths. This is how they do addition. Jose uses place value but 37 +22 breaks up only one number. So, 37 +22=59 Sumitra counts in tens. Humera breaks up 37 +22 both the numbers. Look at this example. 37+10+10+2 37 + 22 NA“ 38 +36 47 +1942 30 7 20 2 $7 #2=59 39 + 20 = 50 ees 30+ 36=66 So, 37 +22=59 Try 9 6¢ =74 FORD. So, 37 + 22 = 59 Exercise 2C .....,..00°° °°" 88 sete ees 1 Use place value to solve. Break up only one number. a 24412 b 11458 © 44424 d 63+19 © 58+18 F 25448 2 Add by counting in tens. a 33+25 b 37+31 © 62+ 26 d 45 +34 e 23+48 f 19438 3. Add by breaking up both numbers. a 23+42 b 55+34 c 34+ 36 d 53+27 e 75+26 f 69+ 42 New Enoyng Mathematics 4 NOLLIVELENS GNY NOILIGaYz = 5 g = = Ee o = a a 2 = z e = 3 a = fy SUBTRACTION STRATEGIES This is how Mrs Swamy’s class does subtraction. Razia uses place value 38-21 and breaks up the | How much is) second number. aa AL 38-21 38-20-18 = — 18-1517 So, 38-21-17 Ashwini counts forward Khushpreet counts ey from the smaller number forward from the smaller : to the bigger number in _ number to the bigger 72-88 steps. number in tens. 21 10 30is9 211031 is 10 8 30 to 38 is 8 310 38is7 BAS 948-17 10+7=17 css So, 38 -21=17 So,38-21=17 ee m2 MOS Exercise 2D . — mara 1 Use place value to solve. a 82-56 b 73-44 c¢ 55-32 d 91-25 e 84-28 £ 45-39 2 Subtract by counting forward in steps. a 39-16 b 58-17 c¢ 75-24 d 38-19 e 46-27 fF 62-38 g 88-28 h 54-23 i 76-47 j 61-58 k 95-27 I 37-29 Take any 4-digit number: 1846 Mix up the digits at random 8416 Subtract the smaller number from the greater: 8416 - 1846 = 6570 ‘Add the digits of the difference: 64+5+7+0-18 Ifyou get a two-digit number, add those: 148-9 ‘Try this with some other 4-digit numbers. What do you get? New Enjoying Mathematics 4oy NUMBER PATTERNS 1 Look for a pattern in the differences. Then write the next two. a6, 13, 16, 23, 26, 33, —, ___ bil, 15, 16, 21, 25, 26, 31 © Make up one of your own using the same idea. 2 Add till you see a pattern, Then complete. a1+2+3= b 1+2+3+4+5= 2+.3+4-___ 2+3+4+5+6 3+4+5=_ B+4+5+6+7= 4+5+6= 445464748" What do you notice about the What do you notice about the sum of 3 consecutive numbers? sum of 5 consecutive numbers? © 14+2+34+4+5+6+748+9+10-55 Give the sum of these numbers. From 11 to 20=—155 EGY RG yh -] y From 31 cyO> vELet 81 to 90 From 21 ro0r As) From 41 to SO™= Frromotcoidbe SS From 51 to 60 = 3 Write a number 1, 3, 5,7, 9, 11, 13, 15 or 17 in each circle so that the sum of the numbers in each circle on each side of the triangle is exactly 30. Each number can be used only once. > s 2 a 3 2 > 2 s 5 3 Z a = S 2 © When you want to minus 19, first © When you want to minus 29, first minus 20. Then add 1. minus 30, Then add 1. 65-19--» 65-20-45), 65-19 87-29 + 87-30-57. 87-29 45+1=46 =46 57+1-58 = 58 Do these mentally. a 46-19 b 73-19 € 85-19 d 37-19 e 68-29 St =29 g 93-29 h 76-29 New Enjoying Mathematics 4ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION 4 Look at the pattern to complete the towers. The number on top is the sum of the two numbers below it \ 5 Explore a shortcut to add consecutive numbers. 1+2+3+4+5+6=? 34+4=7,2+5=7and1+6=7 i Thus, there are 3 pairs of numbers that total up to 7 each. XFORD, a Use the shorturté find thes. RST Y PRESS i 14#24+3+4+5+6+7+8 1424+34+44+54+64+7+8+9+10 14 2434...4144+15+16 b Work out a way to apply the shortcut when you end with an odd number. i 1#2+3+4+5 ii 14+24+3+4+5+6+7+8+9 iii 1+2+34...+13+144+15 : * Add the previous two numbers: 4+ 11. = 1 Add the previous two numbers: 11+ 15 = (26 ' Add the previous two numbers: 15 + 26 = (41 Complete this famous series of numbers called the Fibonacci Series. 1, 1,2,3,5, 8,13, ——____ Use this idea in an addition trick. Ve ae | Stop when you have six circled numbers. Say7 aa a ” @ ‘ Find the total by multiplying the fifth number in * the list by 4, x4= 104 | Total: 104 Add them: 7 +4 ules o Check by adding. Try with other numbers. New Enjoying Mathematicsfy ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION OF MONEY While adding and subtracting money, take care to place the points one below the other and then add or subtract like you add or subtract any other numbers. Remember to put the point in the same place (two digits from the right) in the answer. Look at the following examples. Example 1: Example 2: 99 9 36.75 2MN 10 1 2dad 0 300.00 + 76.25 235.2 5 256.50 64.75 Example 3: Find the total money due in this bill, Ia € 100 note and a 50 note ‘was paid to the shopkeeper, then what was the amount received as change? | Amount received ab charge: 4 5 0.00 -143.50 6.50 New Enjoying Mathematics 4 NOLLIVULENS GNY NOILIGaYExercise 2E .......-- & 1 Find the total money due in each bill. Find the amount received as change in each case. Shire = % 220.25 & ent eee pea b Paid: Umbrella Raincoat | % 160.00 UNIVERSITY PRE 2 Show different ways to make % 100. Use more high-value notes. %s0 %20 %10 FS “Use® Sand&10 ee eres ae “Use ® 20, % 10 and & 5 “Use 50, % 20 and 10 ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION New Enjoying Mathematics4 Follow Mrs Rai as she goes out for shopping. How much money does she have when she gets back home? % 257.00 inher purse Spends ® 52.50 Spends ¥ 48.25 “ fe e c a = Withdraws & 200 Buys tickets for % 124 Returns a book and Mrs Rai has © gets back & 53 when she gets back home. 5 Solve the following: a Onone particular day, the bank received & 5,928 and gave out & 5,021. How much more money was received by the bank than given out? b Mr Khan has® 9,231 in the bank. He wants to leave only & 2,500 there and take out the rest. How much money can he take out? © The Mehtas bought a new fridge and gave in their old fridge in exchange. Their old fridge was valued at € 2,300. They had to pay the dealer & 6,756. What was the cost of their new fridge? The Mehtas went on a holiday to Coimbatore. On the first day they spent % 1,245. Over the next two days they spent & 2,457 and on the last day they spent 980. How much money did they spend in all? > s 2 = 3 2 > 2 Ss 5S 3 Zz a = S 2 New Enjoying Mathematics 4z = & g = = Ee o = a a 2 = z e = 3 a = fy PROBLEM SOLVING Steps of Problem Solving The steps of problem solving help you think in an organised way and help you decide how to solve a problem. Anjali’s younger sister is starting a stamp collection. Anjali gave her 118 stamps from her own collection. : Anjali now has 687 stamps with her. How many stamps did Anjali have in the beginning? Step 1: Read the problem and understand the question. How many stamps did Anjali have before she gave some to her sister? Step 2: Find the important information given in the problem. Anjali gave away 118 stamps. She still has 687 stamps with her. Step 3: Decide what to do. Ifyou put together the stamps left with Anjali and the stamps she gave away, you will find how manysh@had in’the beginning: Step 4: Solve the problem and answer:the question. 118 + 687 = 805 Answer: Anjali had 805 stamps in the beginning. Step 5: Check your answer © Is the calculation correct? Yes, | have checked the calculation. © Have you answered the question correctly? Yes, | have found how many stamps Anjali had in the beginning. Can you think ofa sentence to remember the steps R-F-D-S-C? My sentence is Rita © Does your answer make sense? Yes, the stamps Anjali had in the beginning is more than what she was left with, R = Read Finds Dogs So Cute. fi > Find What is yours? D ...» Decide S$ --» Solve c Check R SSS Se ew tej opng MathematicsExercise 2F_ Solve using addition, subtraction or multiplication keeping the steps of problem solving in mind. 1. On earth, an object weighs 6 times its weight on the moon. How much will a man who weighs 84 kg on earth, weigh on the moon? 2 Mrs Mathews ordered 275 idlis for the school party. She ordered 125 less samosas than idlis. How many samosas did she order? 3. You have % 750. You want to buy a sweater for € 455 and a jacket for € 570. How much more money do you need? 4 Amber threw a ball to a distance of 25 m. Ankita threw it three times as far. How far did Ankita throw the ball? 5 Use the information to answer the questions. The table below,shows the fumBer of earth © days each of thésé planets take 10 g6 around the Sun. The days sholwthe.“year” of the planet. a How much longer does Neptune take to go Mercury - 88 days around the Sun as compared to Saturn? Venus - 225 days b Ifan astronaut spends one year each on Earth - 365 days Jupiter, Uranus and Mars, how long will he Mars ~ 687 days be away? Jupiter - 4,332 days «© How many days less does Mercury Saturn = 10,761 days take to orbit the Sun as compared to Uranus - 30,685 days Venus? Neptune ~ 60,195 days Dinesh and Kabir have some coins. If Dinesh gives Kabir one coin, they will both have the same number of coins. If Kabir gives Dinesh one coin, Dinesh will have twice the number of coins that Kabir has. How many coins does each boy have? NOLLIVELENS GNY NOLLIGAYSy PROBLEM SOLVING USING BAR MODELS In the steps of problem solving, in step 3 you have to decide how to solve the problem. Sometimes drawing a simple bar model can help you during this step. Addition Models. Example 1: At the Inventions Competition, there were 125 entries from secondary school, 98 entries from middle school and 75 entries from primary school. How many entries in all? ‘We begin by showing the number 125 of secondary school inventions in a Secondary, bar. School + 125 98 ‘Then we keep extending the bar sey ess with the other information.we h , / , oO 36D) 0 As Secondary, Middle — Junior In the end we can see thafthe sum oh School © Ico! Sschool «1: 2:S the three numbers in the bar will give | 98 us the total number of entries. ? + 75 298 So 125+ 98 +75=? Answer: There were 298 entries in all. Example 2: Class \V students went to the Science Quiz. There were 26 boys in the class. There were 7 more girls than boys in the class. How many girls were in Class 1V? The bar model first shows the number of boys in the class. Next we Boys 26 attach one more small bar to show that there are 7 more girls than boys. 0} We can see if that if we add both - ~ figures we will get the toral number of Girls 2 (|7 3 girls in the class. No | z = & g = = Ee o = a a 2 = z e = 3 a = Answer: There are 33 girls in the class. New Enjoying MathematicsExample 3: Anushka has to download some songs from the internet. So far she has downloaded 24 songs. There are still 19 songs left to download. How many songs does Anushka have to download in all? Be careful, this problem has the word ‘left’ but ivis nota subtraction problem! _) Answer: Anushka has to download 43 songs in all. Subtraction Models Example 1: The teacher was checking the maths homework notebooks of Class IV. She had 43 notebooks to check. So far she has checked 17 notebooks. How many more notebooks does she have to check? ‘The bar shows that the total number of notebooks to be 66 Out of that we kno already been checkéd. Sedespartition tocheck | | the barto show that information.) 1S | 5 BSS -17 —————— ‘The rest of the bar will show the Notebooks | [ > ] 26 notebooks that have yet to be to check nn —— corrected. Checked Yet to be checked 43 -17=? Answer: 26 notebooks are yet to be checked. Example 2: Serena makes special 18 162 candles. She has an order for 162 - Ee - 49 candles. She has made some, but Candies. | 49 ? 113 still has 49 left to make. How many ‘Left to Already candles has Serena already made? make made Answer: Serena has already made 113 candles. Comparison Model Example 1: Anandita weighs 48 kg. Her younger sister Priya weighs 36 kg. How much less does Priya weigh than Anandita? New Enjoying Mathematics 4 > s 2 a 3 2 > 2 s 5 3 Z a = S 2z = & g = = Ee o = a a 2 = z e = 3 a = The first bar shows Anandita’s weight. ndiea | ae | 48 The second bar is a shorter bar because , -36 36 < 48. The difference in the length Priya 36 kg _ 42 of the two bars shows the difference in weight of the two sisters. When we compare \ quantities we need two bars. Answer: Priya weighs 12 kg less than Anandita. Two Step Problems Example 1: There were 150 people at the party. 62 were men, 58 were women and the rest were children. How many children were at the party? The first model helps us find 450 62 how many men and women isi are there. 62 + 58 ~ 120 People 62 58 ? 120 In the second model, we Men Women Children ieveiw Hiarof che 150 peaple oe who are at the party, 120:are ? 180 men and women. S6't 150 of the bar will be the ¢hildrer , a est 120 People anthe party rp ERSEPYpRESS? | __ 30 150 = 120 =? Answer: There were 30 children at the party. Example 2: There were 654 apple trees in the orchard. There were 112 more pear trees than apple trees in the orchard. How many trees in all in the orchard? We first show the number of apple trees in the orchard. Then Apple trees we attach another smaller bar to 654 | Trees in all? it to find the total number of pear 766 Pear trees 4654 trees in the orchard, oe 654+ 112 ~ 766 pear trees, 654 112 1420 ‘The question asks for how many trees in all. So we need to add the apple trees to the pear trees. 654 + 766 = Answer: There were1,420 trees in the orchard. New Enjoying MathematicsExercise 2G __ 8 Solve these addition and subtraction problems with the help of bar models. 1. Alarge bookstore needs to keep 1,500 copies of the 1500 dictionary in stock. It presently has 987 copies in stock. ~ ~ How many more copies does it need to reach the 987 number of dictionaries it needs to have? 2 ALLego set came with 325 pieces. Kriti added some 402 more pieces from her previous Lego set to the new set || <= and she now has 402 pieces in all. How many pieces [325 | did she add to it? 3 Ofa 1,000 piece jigsaw puzzle, Amrita has fitted 807 pieces, How many more pieces are needed to complete ! the puzzle? 4 Anewly launched website was visited By 9,875 Ra ] people on its first day and 6,532,people-on the second day. How many more people visited the website on the first day than on the second day? PRESS 5 Akila has 543 stamps and her uncle gave her his, collection of 264 stamps. How many stamps does she have now? 6 Aparking lot can hold many cars. Presently 2,090, | cars are parked in it. There is space for 1,632 more. cars, How many cars can the parking lot hold? 7 Acarpet factory manufactured 16,453 carpets one year. It manufactured 1,243 more than that in the following year. How many “ carpets did it manufacture in both the years together? New Enjoying Mathematics 4 > s g a 3 2 > = S 5 3 3 a = 3 2Sy PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS Extra Information Some problems may have information that you do not need to use to solve it. Read the problem given below carefully and use only the facts you need. A restaurant charges € 135 for an adult’s meal and ® 75 for a child’s meal. The bill for a dinner at the restaurant was & 885. If Arvind’s father gave € 1000 to the waiter, how much did he get back? To find how much money Arvinds father got back, we only need to use the bill amount and the amount given to the waiter. We do not need to know how much an adult or child’s meal costs. % 1000 -% 885 = 7115 Answer: Arvind’s father got % 115 back. Exercise 2H( ¢ Solve using additioor.sibtraction| USé oillyithe iAforiiationyyou need 11 The painters of 25 buildings have to complete the work in 30, days. They need 423 cans of white paint and 678 cans of red paint. How many cans of paint do they need in all? 2 Alarge stadium can hold 10,000 people. One day there were 5,050 people of which 2,976 were women. How many were men? 3. For a wedding that was to be attended by 750 people, the L decorators had to use 1,250 flowers in the hall. If they had already used 985 flowers, how many more did they have to use? 4 Lakshmipur has a population of 13,654. The neighbouring village which is 8S km away has a population of 9,765. How many more people are there in Lakshmipur? 5 Sarita buys 215 m of blue cloth, 309 m of red cloth, 987 m of white cloth and 849 im of green cloth. She makes 986 dresses using only the red, blue and white cloth. How much material does she use in all? z = & g = = Ee o = a a 2 = z e = 3 a = New Enjoying MathematicsGy PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGIES Simpler Numbers Sometimes when the numbers in a problem sum are large or the words are confusing, we do not know how to solve them. It helps to think of the problem again using smaller numbers. Example 1: Problem: What number should be added to 45,386 so that the sum is 93,9422 Observe: 45,386 is smaller than 93,942 Think: Take 4 instead of 45,386 and 9 instead of 93,942. What should be added to 4 so that the sum is 9? You know that the answer is 5. You have to subtract 4 from 9 to get 5. Solve the actual sum. yAnswer:, 48;556)should be added to Find the number 45,386 to get 93,942. which is 2 greater Uy , than S. The answer ind the number that is 2,398 greater than 5,277. | Nee UU NEY, is 7! So.add Answer: 7,675 is 2,398 greater than 5,277. uN 8 7 5 Exercise 21... seer ent t eee, 1. Solve. Use the simpler number strategy if you need to. a Find the number that is 8,392 less than 15,896. Find the number that is 9,284 more than 18,394. Find the number that is 1,260 less than 7,296. How much smaller is 3,698 than 21,065? By how much is 43,462 less than 50,693? What number should be subtracted from 64,932 so that the difference is 13,894? What will be the difference iftthe sun of 9,146 and 2,934 is subtracted from 23,891? What number should be added to 23,192 to get 47,938? ye sean New Enjoying Matheratics 4 NOLLIVULENS GNY NOILIGaY itz = 5 go 4 = o = a a z = = S = a 3 < ow .. +++: Chapter Datican ne ue Vocabulary Review © Bar Models ® Count Forward © Sum © Column © Counting In Tens © Vertical © Regrouping © Adding Up © Addend © Difference © Row ® Information © Number Patterns ® Consecutive 1. Solve the following questions. ao1298 » 6010 © 3800 4 60105 +7538 +4386 -1674 - 29352 2. Fill in the boxes. » O08 e [2ze8 € ay * 2 — 200 7°10 3. Solve se a Atits deepest, the J sii YALE A the bade Oceanis 3799 m deeper than that. How deep is the Pacific Ocean? b Amachine that drills for oil has drilled up to 1854 m. How much further must it go to reach a depth of 6931 m? Vijay buys a shire for € 189.75 and Ashok buys a shirt for € 210. How much more does Ashok spend? di Aneesha has & 312.75. She needs % 284.50 more to buy a pair of shoes. How much do the shoes cost? Paid: oy lee cream | @1: 50 [/ q 318.25 '$ Write the following numbers oe | ceqgesmmmenteels 975 Balance =? .9-—__ 715.00 b 24-__ i ¢ 37-__ New Enjoying MathematicsWorksheet In this worksheet you will use the answers that you get in Section I to build the sums in Section II. One has been done for you. Section | A 6722 © 12487 E 12487 G 3625 + 589 + 9771 +13409 +8968 73771 Bo1s34 P 7090 F 12498 H 48961 +1155 + 652 +11606 + 8446 2689 ' 21487 J 36112 UNIVERSITY PRESS Section II Write your answers below and add. You should see a pattern that will tell you whether your addition is right. ia Answer G | Answer A 734 Pie “AnswerB + 2689 i 10000 New Enjoying Mathematics 4 > Ss 4 = 3 2 2 Ss 5S 3 = a = S 2Ne ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION - a Mental Maths. Learn 23425 =? 102 +98 =? Missing consecutive number = 24 98+ 100= 198 Double of 24 = 48, 198 +2 = 200 23+ 25-48 102 + 98 = 200 Practice a 21+23- b 34+36-_ © 494 51~_ d101+38-_____ se 102 + 64 f 202+ 53 Use UNJYERSPPYRESS— b 649 rounded to the nearest —< | | © 6,000-So= ] | | € 69,399is one less than | | d. 72,642 -70,000 = __ . | | | Is Double of 90 is ____. +44 = | ia eae | (Ff 96,000 + 4,000 | +101= re se ior | |g 1,16,000 is one more than | jf 125+75-__ Vt ' ! |g —__- 1000-587 | | h 714roundedtothenearest tenis | \h so+_ = 100 || —— | I | |i Halfof 150is i | i 29+ =50 | 1 | ul j Roman numeral for 29 is | J 5,800 + 8,964 - 5,000 = ia : a ES — ——E—————E—————EE New Enjoying Mathematics a