CHAPTER 11.

ESTIMATING SMOKE DETECTOR RESPONSE TIME

Version 1805.0
The following calculations estimate smoke detector response time.
Parameters should be specified ONLY IN THE YELLOW INPUT PARAMETER BOXES.
All subsequent output values are calculated by the spreadsheet and based on values specified in the input
parameters. This spreadsheet is protected and secure to avoid errors due to a wrong entry in a cell(s).
The chapter in the NUREG should be read before an analysis is made.

INPUT PARAMETERS

Heat Release Rate of the Fire (Q) (Steady State)

Radial Distance to the Detector (r) **never more than 0.707 or 1/2√2 of the listed spacing**
Height of Ceiling above Top of Fuel (H)
Activation Temperature of the Smoke Detector (Tactivation)
Smoke Detector Response Time Index (RTI)
Ambient Air Temperature (Ta)

Convective Heat Release Rate Fraction (cc)

Plume Leg Time Constant (Cpl) (Experimentally Determined)
Ceiling Jet Lag Time Constant (Ccj) (Experimentally Determined)
Temperature Rise of Gases Under the Ceiling (DTc)
for Smoke Detector to Activate
r/H = 0.77

ESTIMATING SMOKE DETECTOR RESPONSE TIME

METHOD OF ALPERT
Reference: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 19th Edition, 2003, Page 3-140.
tactivation = (RTI/(√ujet)) (ln (Tjet - Ta)/(Tjet - Tactivation))
This method assume smoke detector is a low RTI device with a fixed activation temperature
Where tactivation = detector activation time (sec)
RTI = detector response time index (m-sec)1/2
ujet = ceiling jet velocity (m/sec)
Tjet = ceiling jet temperature (°C)
Ta = ambient air temperature (°C)
Tactivation = activation temperature of detector (°C)

Ceiling Jet Temperature Calculation

Tjet - Ta = 16.9 (Qc)2/3/H5/3
Tjet - Ta = 5.38 (Qc/r)2/3/H
Where Tjet = ceiling jet temperature (°C)
Ta = ambient air temperature (°C)
Qc = convective portion of the heat release rate (kW)
 H = height of ceiling above top of fuel (m)
r = radial distance from the plume centerline to the detector (m)

Convective Heat Release Rate Calculation

Q c = cc Q
Where Qc = convective portion of the heat release rate (kW)
Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW)
cc = convective heat release rate fraction
Qc = 700 kW

Radial Distance to Ceiling Height Ratio Calculation

r/H = 0.77 r/H > 0.15

>0.15 50.92 <0.15

Tjet - Ta = 5.38 ((Qc/r)^2/3)/H

Tjet - Ta = 50.92
Tjet = 75.92 (°C)

Ceiling Jet Velocity Calculation

ujet = 0.96 (Q/H)1/3
ujet = (0.195 Q1/3 H1/2)/r5/6
Where ujet = ceiling jet velocity (m/sec)
Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW)
H = height of ceiling above top of fuel (m)
r = radial distance from the plume centerline to the detector (m)

Radial Distance to Ceiling Height Ratio Calculation

r/H = 0.77 r/H > 0.15

>0.15 1.53 <0.15

ujet = (0.195 Q^1/3 H^1/2)/r^(5/6)

ujet = 1.533 m/sec

Smoke Detector Response Time Calculation

tactivation = (RTI/(√ujet)) (ln (Tjet - Ta)/(Tjet - Tactivation))
tactivation = 0.42 sec
NOTE: If tactivation = "NUM" Detector does not activate

METHOD OF MOWRER
References: Mowrer, F., "Lag Times Associated With Fire Detection and Suppression," Fire Technology, August 1990, p. 244.
tactivation = tpl + tcj
Where tactivation = detector activation time (sec)
tpl = transport lag time of plume (sec)
 tcj = transport lag time of ceiling jet (sec)

Transport Lag Time of Plume Calculation

tpl = Cpl (H)4/3/(Q)1/3
Where tpl = transport lag time of plume (sec)
Cpl = plume lag time constant
H = height of ceiling above top of fuel (m)
Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW)
tpl = 0.42 sec

Transport Lag Time of Ceiling Jet Calculation

tcj = (r)11/6/(Ccj) (Q)1/3 (H)1/2

Where tcj = transport lag time of ceiling jet (sec)
Ccj = ceiling jet lag time constant
r = radial distance from the plume centerline to the detector (m)
H = height of ceiling above top of fuel (m)
Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW)
tcj = 0.32 sec

Smoke Detector Response Time Calculation

tactivation = tpl + tcj
tactivation = 0.74 sec

METHOD OF MILKE
References: Milke, J., "Smoke Management for Covered Malls and Atria," Fire Technology, August 1990, p. 223.
NFPA 92B, "Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Mall, Atria, and Large Areas," 2000 Edition, Section A.3.4.

tactivation = X H4/3/Q1/3
Where tactivation = detector activation time (sec)
X = 4.6 10-4 Y2 + 2.7 10-15 Y6
H = height of ceiling above top of fuel (ft)
Q = heat release rate from steady fire (Btu/sec)

Where Y = DTc H5/3 / Q2/3

DTc = temperature rise of gases under the ceiling for smoke detector to activate (°F)

Before estimating smoke detector response time, stratification effects can be calculated.
NFPA 92B, 2000 Edition, Section A.3.4 provides following correlation to estimate smoke
stratification in a compartment.

Hmax = 74 Qc2/5 / DTf->c3/5

Where Hmax = the maximum ceiling clearance to which a plume can rise (ft)
 Qc = convective portion of the heat release rate (Btu/sec)
DTf->c = difference in temperature due to fire between the fuel location and ceiling level (°F)

Convective Heat Release Rate Calculation

Q c = Q cc
Where Qc = convective portion of the heat release rate (Btu/sec)
Q = heat release rate of the fire (Btu/sec)
cc = convective heat releas rate fraction
Qc = 663.47 Btu/sec

Difference in Temperature Due to Fire Between the Fuel Location and Ceiling Level
DTf->c = 1300 Qc2/3 / H5/3
Where DTf->c = difference in temperature due to fire between the fuel location and ceiling level (°F)
Qc = convective portion of the heat release rate (Btu/sec)
H = ceiling height above the fire source (ft)
DTf->c = 1375.90 °F

Smoke Stratification Effects

Hmax = 74 Qc2/5 / DTf->c3/5
Hmax = 13.03 ft
In this case the highest point of smoke rise is estimated to be
Thus, the smoke would be expected to reach the ceiling mounted smoke detector.

Y = DTc H5/3 / Q2/3

Y= 13.41

X = 4.6 10-4 Y2 + 2.7 10-15 Y6

X= 0.08

Smoke Detector Response Time Calculation

tactivation = X H4/3/Q1/3
tactivation = 0.26 sec

Summary of Results
Calculation Method Smoke Detector Response Time (sec)
METHOD OF ALPERT 0.42
METHOD OF MOWRER 0.74
METHOD OF MILKE 0.26

NOTE
The above calculations are based on principles developed in the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook 19
2003, method described in Fire Technology, 1990, and NFPA 92B, "Guide for Smoke Management Systems i
Atria, and Large Areas," 2000 Edition, Section A.3.4. Calculations are based on certain assumptions and
 have inherent limitations. The results of such calculations may or may not have reasonable predictive capabil
for a given situationsand, and should only be interpreted by an informed user.
Although each calculation in the spreadsheet has been verified with the results of hand calculation,
there is no absolute guarantee of the accuracy of these calculations.
Any questions, comments, concerns, and suggestions, or to report an error(s) in the spreadsheet,
please send an email to nxi@nrc.gov or mxs3@nrc.gov.

Prepared by: Date

Checked by: Date

Additional Information

Revision Log Description of Revision

1805.0 Original issue with final text.
 SPONSE TIME

TER BOXES.
n values specified in the input
a wrong entry in a cell(s).

1000.00 kW 947.82 Btu/sec

r 1/2√2 of the listed spacing** 10.00 ft 3.05 m
13.00 ft 3.96 m
86.00 °F 30.00 °C
5.00 (m-sec)1/2
77.00 °F 25.00 °C
298.00 K
0.70
0.67
1.2
18.00 °F 10 °C

Calculate

a fixed activation temperature

for r/H ≤ 0.18

for r/H > 0.18
o the detector (m)

134.28

for r/H ≤ 0.15

for r/H > 0.15

o the detector (m)

6.07

Answer

pression," Fire Technology, August 1990, p. 244.

o the detector (m)

Answer

e Technology, August 1990, p. 223.

Areas," 2000 Edition, Section A.3.4.

ing for smoke detector to activate (°F)

cation effects can be calculated.

g correlation to estimate smoke

h a plume can rise (ft)

etween the fuel location and ceiling level (°F)

Location and Ceiling Level

etween the fuel location and ceiling level (°F)

13.03 ft
mounted smoke detector.

Answer

the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook 19 th Edition,

A 92B, "Guide for Smoke Management Systems in Malls,
ations are based on certain assumptions and
ay or may not have reasonable predictive capabilities
n informed user.
ed with the results of hand calculation,

eport an error(s) in the spreadsheet,

Organization

Organization

Date
January 2005
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

CHAPTER 10. ESTIMATING SPRINKLER RESPONSE TIME

Version 1805.0
The following calculations estimate sprinkler activation time.
Parameters in YELLOW CELLS are Entered by the User.
Parameters in GREEN CELLS are Automatically Selected from the DROP DOWN MENU for the Sprinkler Selected.
All subsequent output values are calculated by the spreadsheet and based on values specified in the input
parameters. This spreadsheet is protected and secure to avoid errors due to a wrong entry in a cell(s).
The chapter in the NUREG should be read before an analysis is made.

INPUT PARAMETERS

Heat Release Rate of the Fire (Q) (Steady State)

Sprinkler Response Time Index (RTI)
Activation Temperature of the Sprinkler (Tactivation)
Height of Ceiling above Top of Fuel (H)
Radial Distance to the Detector (r) **never more than 0.707 or 1/2√2
Ambient Air Temperature (Ta)

Convective Heat Release Rate Fraction (c c)

r/H = 1.00

GENERIC SPRINKLER RESPONSE TIME INDEX (RTI)*

Common Sprinkler Type Generic Response
Time Index (RTI) (m-sec)1/2
Standard response bulb 235
Standard response link 130
Quick response bulb 42
Quick response link 34
User Specified Value Enter Value
Reference: Madrzykowski, D., "Evaluation of Sprinkler Activation Prediction Methods"
ASIAFLAM'95, International Conference on Fire Science and Engineering, 1 st Proceeding,
March 15-16, 1995, Kowloon, Hong Kong, pp. 211-218.
*Note: The actual RTI should be used when the value is available.
GENERIC SPRINKLER TEMPERATURE RATING (Tactivation)*
Temperature Classification Range of Temperature
Ratings (°F)
Ordinary 135 to 170
Intermediate 175 to 225
High 250 to 300
Extra high 325 to 375
Very extra high 400 to 475
Ultra high 500 to 575
Ultra high 650
User Specified Value –
Reference: Automatic Sprinkler Systems Handbook, 6th Edition, National Fire Protection

14
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

Association, Quincy, Massachusetts, 1994, Page 67.

*Note: The actual temperature rating should be used when the value is available.
ESTIMATING SPRINKLER RESPONSE TIME
Reference: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 19th Edition, 2003, Page 3-140.
tactivation = (RTI/(√ujet)) (ln (Tjet - Ta)/(Tjet - Tactivation))
Where tactivation = sprinkler activation response time (sec)
RTI = sprinkler response time index (m-sec)1/2
ujet = ceiling jet velocity (m/sec)
Tjet = ceiling jet temperature (°C)
Ta = ambient air temperature (°C)
Tactivation = activation temperature of sprinkler (°C)

Ceiling Jet Temperature Calculation

Tjet - Ta = 16.9 (Qc)2/3/H5/3
Tjet - Ta = 5.38 (Qc/r)2/3/H
Where Tjet = ceiling jet temperature (°C)
Ta = ambient air temperature (°C)
Qc = convective portion of the heat release rate (kW)
H = height of ceiling above top of fuel (m)
r = radial distance from the plume centerline to the sprinkler (m)

Convective Heat Release Rate Calculation

Qc = cc Q
Where Qc = convective portion of the heat release rate (kW)
Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW)
cc = convective heat release rate fraction
Qc = 700 kW

Radial Distance to Ceiling Height Ratio Calculation

r/H = 1.00 r/H > 0.15

Tjet - Ta = {5.38 (Qc/r)^2/3}/H

Tjet - Ta = 68.46
Tjet = 93.46 (°C)

Ceiling Jet Velocity Calculation

ujet = 0.96 (Q/H)1/3
ujet = (0.195 Q1/3 H1/2)/r5/6
Where ujet = ceiling jet velocity (m/sec)
Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW)
H = height of ceiling above top of fuel (m)
r = radial distance from the plume centerline to the sprinkler (m)

Radial Distance to Ceiling Height Ratio Calculation

r/H = 1.00 r/H > 0.15

15
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

ujet = (0.195 Q^1/3 H^1/2)/r^5/6

ujet = 1.354 m/sec

Sprinkler Activation Time Calculation

tactivation = (RTI/(√ujet)) (ln (Tjet - Ta)/(Tjet - Tactivation))
tactivation = 139.89 sec
The sprinkler will respond in approximately
NOTE: If tactivation = "NUM" Sprinkler does not activate

NOTE
The above calculations are based on principles developed in the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook
19th Edition, 2003. Calculations are based on certain assumptions and have inherent limitations.
The results of such calculations may or may not have reasonable predictive capabilities for a given
situation, and should only be interpreted by an informed user.
Although each calculation in the spreadsheet has been verified with the results of hand calculation,
there is no absolute guarantee of the accuracy of these calculations.
Any questions, comments, concerns, and suggestions, or to report an error(s) in the spreadsheet,
please send an email to nxi@nrc.gov or mxs3@nrc.gov.

Prepared by: Date

Checked by: Date

Additional Information

16
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

Revision Log Description of Revision

1805.0 Original issue with final text.

17
 Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

RESPONSE TIME

from the DROP DOWN MENU for the Sprinkler Selected.

et and based on values specified in the input
id errors due to a wrong entry in a cell(s).

1000.00 kW
130 (m-sec)1/2
165 °F 73.89 °C
9.80 ft 2.99 m
e than 0.707 or 1/2√2 of the listed spacing** 9.80 ft 2.99 m
77.00 °F 25.00 °C
298.00 K

0.70
Calculate

Select Type of Sprinkler

Scroll to desired sprinkler type then Click on selection

vation Prediction Methods"

nd Engineering, 1 st Proceeding,

the value is available.

Generic Temperature Select Sprinkler Classification

Ratings (°F)
165 Scroll to desired sprinkler class
212 then Click on selection
275
350
450
550
550
Enter Value
ition, National Fire Protection

18
 Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

d be used when the value is available.

for r/H ≤ 0.18

for r/H > 0.18

release rate (kW)

centerline to the sprinkler (m)

release rate (kW)

for r/H ≤ 0.15

for r/H > 0.15

centerline to the sprinkler (m)

19
 Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

2.33 minutes Answer

oes not activate

s developed in the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook

certain assumptions and have inherent limitations.
ot have reasonable predictive capabilities for a given

has been verified with the results of hand calculation,

of these calculations.
gestions, or to report an error(s) in the spreadsheet,

Organization

Organization

20
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

Date
January 2005

21
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch

CHAPTER 12. ESTIMATING HEAT DETECTOR RESPONSE TIME

Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

Version 1805.0
The following calculations estimate fixed temperature heat detector activation time.
Parameters in YELLOW CELLS are Entered by the User.
Parameters in GREEN CELLS are Automatically Selected from the DROP DOWN MENU for the Detector Selected.
All subsequent output values are calculated by the spreadsheet and based on values specified in the input
parameters. This spreadsheet is protected and secure to avoid errors due to a wrong entry in a cell(s).
The chapter in the NUREG should be read before an analysis is made.

INPUT PARAMETERS

Heat Release Rate of the Fire (Q) (Steady State)

Radial Distance to the Detector (r) **never more than 0.707 or 1/2√2 of the listed spacing**
Activation Temperature of the Fixed Temperature Heat Detector (T
Detector Response Time Index (RTI)
Height of Ceiling above Top of Fuel (H)
Ambient Air Temperature (Ta)

Convective Heat Release Fraction (c c)

r/H = 0.20

INPUT DATA FOR ESTIMATING HEAT DETECTOR RESPONSE TIME

Activation
Temperature Tactivation
T= 128 UL Listed Spacing Response Time Index
F r (ft) RTI (m-sec)1/2
10 490
15 306
20 325
25 152
30 116
40 87
50 72
70 44
User Specified Value Enter Value

UL Listed Spacing Response Time Index

● T= 135 F
r (ft) RTI (m-sec)1/2
10 404
15 233
20 165
25 123
30 98
40 70
50 54
70 20

32
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
User Specified Value Enter Value
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

UL Listed Spacing Response Time Index

T= 145 F
r (ft) RTI (m-sec)1/2
10 321
15 191
20 129
25 96
30 75
40 50
50 37
70 11
User Specified Value Enter Value

UL Listed Spacing Response Time Index

T= 160 F
r (ft) RTI (m-sec)1/2
10 239
15 135
20 86
25 59
30 44
40 22
User Specified Value Enter Value

UL Listed Spacing Response Time Index

T= 170 F r (ft) RTI (m-sec)1/2
10 196
15 109
20 64
25 39
30 27
User Specified Value Enter Value

UL Listed Spacing Response Time Index

T= 196 F
r (ft) RTI (m-sec)1/2
10 119
15 55
20 21
User Specified Value Enter Value
Reference: NFPA Standard 72, National Fire Alarm Code, Appendix B, Table B-3.2.5.1, 1999, Edition.
ESTIMATING FIXED TEMPERATURE HEAT DETECTOR RESPONSE TIME
Reference: NFPA Fire Protection Handbook, 19th Edition, 2003, Page 3-140.
tactivation = ( RTI/(√ujet)) (ln (Tjet - Ta)/(Tjet - Tactivation))
Where tactivation = detector activation time (sec)
RTI = detector response time index (m-sec)1/2
ujet = ceiling jet velocity (m/sec)
Tjet = ceiling jet temperature (°C)
Ta = ambient air temperature (°C)

32
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
T
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section
activation
= activation temperature of detector (°C)

Ceiling Jet Temperature Calculation

Tjet - Ta = 16.9 (Qc)2/3/H5/3
Tjet - Ta = 5.38 (Qc/r)2/3/H
Where Tjet = ceiling jet temperature (°C)
Ta = ambient air temperature (°C)
Qc = convective portion of the heat release rate (kW)
H = height of ceiling above top of fuel (m)
r = radial distance from the plume centerline to the detector (m)

Convective Heat Release Rate Calculation

Q c = cc Q
Where Qc = convective heat release rate (kW)
Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW)
cc = convective heat release fraction
Qc = 4004 kW

Radial Distance to Ceiling Height Ratio Calculation

r/H = 0.20 r/H > 0.15

>0.15 194.99 <0.15

Tjet - Ta = 5.38 ((Qc/r)^2/3)/H

Tjet - Ta = 194.99
Tjet = 219.99 (°C)

Ceiling Jet Velocity Calculation

ujet = 0.96 (Q/H)1/3
ujet = (0.195 Q1/3 H1/2)/r5/6
Where ujet = ceiling jet velocity (m/sec)
Q = heat release rate of the fire (kW)
H = height of ceiling above top of fuel (m)
r = radial distance from the plume centerline to the detector (m)

Radial Distance to Ceiling Height Ratio Calculation

r/H = 0.20 r/H > 0.15

ujet = (0.195 Q^1/3 H^1/2)/r^(5/6)

ujet = 7.300 m/sec

Detector Activation Time Calculation

tactivation = ( RTI/(√ujet)) (ln (Tjet - Ta)/(Tjet - Tactivation))
tactivation = 27.01 sec
The detector will respond in approximately
NOTE: If tactivation = "NUM" Detector does not activate

NOTE

32
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
NOTE
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

The above calculations are based on principles developed in the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook 19
2003. Calculations are based on certain assumptions and have inherent limitations.
The results of such calculations may or may not have reasonable predictive capabilities for a given situation,
and should only be interpreted by an informed user.
Although each calculation in the spreadsheet has been verified with the results of hand calculation,
there is no absolute guarantee of the accuracy of these calculations.
Any questions, comments, concerns, and suggestions, or to report an error(s) in the spreadsheet,
please send an email to nxi@nrc.gov or mxs3@nrc.gov.

Prepared by: Date

Checked by: Date

Additional Information

Revision Lo Description of Revision

1805.0 Original issue with final text.

32
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

32
 Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch

ECTOR RESPONSE TIME

Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

detector activation time.

d from the DROP DOWN MENU for the Detector Selected.

heet and based on values specified in the input
void errors due to a wrong entry in a cell(s).

5720.00 kW
e than 0.707 or 1/2√2 of the listed spacing** 4.00 ft 1.22 m
ure Heat Detector (Tactivation) 135 °F 57.22 °C
404.00 (m-sec)1/2
20.00 ft 6.10 m
77.00 °F 25.00 °C
298.00 K

0.70
Calculate

RESPONSE TIME

Activation
Temperature (°F) Select Detector Spacing
128
128 Scroll to desired spacing then
128 Click on selection
128
128
128
128
128
Enter Value

Activation
Temperature (°F) Select Detector Spacing
135
135 Scroll to desired spacing then
135 Click on selection
135
135
135
135
135

32
 Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Enter Value
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

Activation
Temperature (°F) Select Detector Spacing
145
145 Scroll to desired spacing then
145 Click on selection
145
145
145
145
145
Enter Value

Activation
Temperature (°F) Select Detector Spacing
160
160 Scroll to desired spacing then
160 Click on selection
160
160
160
Enter Value

Activation
Temperature (°F) Select Detector Spacing
170
170 Scroll to desired spacing then
170 Click on selection
170
170
Enter Value

Activation
Temperature (°F) Select Detector Spacing
196
196 Scroll to desired spacing then
196
Enter Value Click on selection
Appendix B, Table B-3.2.5.1, 1999, Edition.
TECTOR RESPONSE TIME

32
 Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
e of detector (°C)
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

for r/H ≤ 0.18

for r/H > 0.18

heat release rate (kW)

me centerline to the detector (m)

209.48

for r/H ≤ 0.15

for r/H > 0.15

me centerline to the detector (m)

0.45 minutes Answer

oes not activate

32
 Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

s developed in the NFPA Fire Protection Handbook 19 th Edition,

mptions and have inherent limitations.
ot have reasonable predictive capabilities for a given situation,

has been verified with the results of hand calculation,

of these calculations.
gestions, or to report an error(s) in the spreadsheet,

Organization

Organization

Date
January 2005

32
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

32
Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation
Division of Systems Safety and Analysis
Plant Systems Branch
Fire Protection Engineering and Special Projects Section

32