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Difference Between D1925 and E313 YI

The document discusses standards for calculating yellowness index (YI) and whiteness index (WI). ASTM D1925 is an obsolete standard that uses C/2 illuminant and fixed coefficients that do not precisely calculate a YI of 0 for a clear sample. ASTM E313 can be used to calculate YI or WI for different illuminant-observer combinations and fixes the intercept issue. The CIE recommends using D65/10 for color comparisons unless otherwise specified. For samples with a high amount of yellow, there is little difference between ASTM D1925 C/2 and ASTM E313 C/2, but using D65/10 will cause differences.

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292 views1 page

Difference Between D1925 and E313 YI

The document discusses standards for calculating yellowness index (YI) and whiteness index (WI). ASTM D1925 is an obsolete standard that uses C/2 illuminant and fixed coefficients that do not precisely calculate a YI of 0 for a clear sample. ASTM E313 can be used to calculate YI or WI for different illuminant-observer combinations and fixes the intercept issue. The CIE recommends using D65/10 for color comparisons unless otherwise specified. For samples with a high amount of yellow, there is little difference between ASTM D1925 C/2 and ASTM E313 C/2, but using D65/10 will cause differences.

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To begin the ASTM D1925 is a now obsolete Yellowness Index specification that is locked to calculate only

using C/2 ( illuminant C, 2deg observer). When using ASTM D1925 the coefficients for Cx and Cy were 1.28
and 1.06, this goes back to the slide rule days of the 1940’s, when a colorimeter user would have to calculate
YI using pencil and paper. These coefficients do not cause the equation to intercept exactly at zero for a
perfectly clear specimen and instead give a value of 0.303.

ASTM E313 can be used to calculate Whiteness Index (WI) or Yellowness Index (YI) for C/2, C/10, D65/2,
D65/10. If you specify ASTM E313 you must also specify YI or WI and an illuminant Observer combination.

Note that Yellowness Index is often used in the plastics industry to indicate that a clear plastic has no tint. In
E313 C/2 the Cx and Cy were modified to 1.2769 and 1.0592, the extra precision fixed the intercept error so
that a perfectly clear sample reports a YI= 0.0. So basically there is no bias between ASTM D1925 and E313
C/2 for your specification as long as there is some type of color to the sample.

The CIE (international commission on illumination) suggests that unless specifically instructed otherwise,
always choose D65/10 for color comparisons and indices. This would imply that one should use YI E313
(D65/10) unless there is an need to use a difference illuminant.

Because the difference in the Cx and Cy is so small for C/2 there is almost no difference between the indices
when the sample has a large amount of yellow, as can be seen in the example below. Using D65/10 will cause
differences.

ID YI D1925 [C/2] YI E313 [C/2] YI E313 [D65/10]

PIF090-84 17.18 17.18 17.66

Let me know if you have further questions.

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