ECA15 - TRANSMISSION LINES AND WAVEGUIDES

TWO MARKS

1. The magnitudes of the open-circuit and short-circuit input impedances of a transmission line
are 100 Ω and 25 Ω respectively. Find the characteristic impedance of the line.

2. A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω and a resistance of 0 1 Ω/m. If the

line is distortionless, determine the attenuation constant.
3. State the condition for distortionless line.
4. A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω and a resistance of 0 1 Ω/m. If the
line is distortionless, determine the attenuation constant.
5. A transmission line has R, L, G, C distributed parameters per unit length of line. If γ is the
propagation constant of the line, then find the expression using propagation and primary
constants that represents the characteristic impedance of the line.
6. The voltage of an electromagnetic wave propagating in a coaxial cable with uniform
characteristic impedance is V(l) = e-ɣl+jwt volts. Where l is the distance along with length of
the cable in metres, ɣ = (0.1 + j40) m-1 is the complex propagation constant, and w = 2𝜋 × 109
rad/s is the angular frequency. Determine the absolute value of the attenuation in the cable in
dB/metre.
7. The magnitudes of the open-circuit and short-circuit input impedances of a transmission line
are 144 Ω and 25 Ω respectively. Find the characteristic impedance of the line.
8. Consider a transmission line of characteristic impedance 50 ohms and the line is terminated
at one end by +j50 ohm, determine the VSWR produced in the transmission line.
9. List the two disadvantages of single stub matching.
10. Design a quarter wave transformer to match a load of 200 Ω to a source resistance of 500 Ω.
The operating frequency is 200 MHz.

11. What are the disadvantages of single stub matching?

12. The input impedance of a λ/8 section of a lossless transmission line of characteristic
impedance 50Ω is found to be real when the other end is terminated by a load Z L = (R + jX)
Ω. If X is 30Ω then, find the value of R.

13. If the reflection coefficient of a line is 0.3 ∠−66 °, calculate the SWR.
14. To maximize power transfer, a lossless transmission line is to be matched to a resistive load
impedance via a λ/4 transformer as shown,
 Determine the characteristic impedance (in Ω)of the λ/4 transformer.

15. What is transverse magnetic (TM) wave?

16. Write the expressions for the wave impedance of TE, TM and TEM waves between parallel
planes.
17. A TEM wave at 1 MHz propagates in the region between conducting planes which is filled
with dielectric material of ur = 1, epsr = 2. Find characteristic wave impedance.
18. A pair of perfectly conducting planes are separated 4 cm in air. For a frequency of 5000
MHz with TM1 mode, find cut-off frequency.
19. A parallel plane waveguide with plate separation of 20 cm with the TE1 mode excited at 1
GHz. Find the phase constant.
20. Write the relationship for the attenuation factor of TE and TM for the waves between parallel
planes.
21. A pair of perfectly conducting planes are separated 4 cm in air. For a frequency of 5000
MHz with TM1 mode, find phase constant β.
22. A transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave at 1 GHz frequency propagates in region
between conducting planes which is filled with dielectric material of εr=2 and μr=1. Find
wavelength along walls of guide.
23. A rectangular air-filled copper waveguide with dimensions of a = 2.28 cm and b = 1.01 cm
has a 9.2 GHz signal propagated in it. Determine the guide wavelength for TE10 mode.

24. Give the expressions for the cut-off wavelength and propagation constant of TM waves.
25. Give the expressions for the cut-off wavelength and propagation constant of TM waves.
26. What is the dominant TE and TM mode in rectangular waveguide?
27. Define wave impedance and write the expression for the wave impedance of TM and TE
waves in rectangular waveguide.
28. Write the expression for the wave impedance of TM and TE waves in rectangular
waveguide.
29. Consider an air-filled rectangular waveguide with a cross-section of 5 cm × 3 cm. For this
waveguide, compute the cut-off frequency (in MHz) of TE21 mode.

30. Find the size of the cubical cavity if resonating frequency of dominant mode is 3 GHz.
31. Distinguish between waveguide and cavity resonator.
32. Compute the lowest resonant frequency of a rectangular cavity resonator having following
dimensions: width a = 2 cm, height b = 1 cm and length d = 3 cm.

33. What is Bessel function?

34. Compute the lowest resonant frequency of a rectangular cavity resonator having following
dimensions: width a = 2 cm, height b = 1 cm and length d = 3 cm.
35. Differentiate rectangular and circular waveguide.
36. Determine the radius of the circular waveguide required to propagate TE11 mode if λc= 8cm.
(Assume ρ′11=1.841)

SIX MARKS

1. An unloaded underground cable has the following constants: R = 40 Ω/km, G = 0.5 μmho/
km, L = 1 μH/km, C = 0.08 μF/km Find the approximate values of Z0, α and β at 1600 Hz.
2. For an open wire overhead line β= 0.04 rad/km. Find the wavelength and velocity at a
frequency of 1600 Hz. Hence calculate the time taken by the wave to travel 90 km.
3. Derive the characteristic impedance of a single T- section of a transmission line. Also find
out the impedance when the line is short circuited and open circuited.
4. A telephone cable of 60 km long has R = 13 Ω/km and C = 0.008 µF/km. Calculate
propagation constants, velocity of propagation and wavelength at f = 1 kHz.
5. A low loss transmission line of 100 Ω characteristic impedance is connected to a load of 200
Ω. Calculate the voltage reflection coefficient and the standing wave ratio.
6. A certain transmission line, working at radio frequencies, has following constants. L=9
µH/m, C = 16 pF/m. The line is terminated in a resistive load of 1000 Ω. Find the reflection
coefficient and standing wave ratio.
7. All transmission line section in Figure 1, have a characteristic impedance R 0 + j0. Determine
the input impedance Zin.
 Figure 1
8. A pair of perfectly conducting planes is separated by 8 cm in air. For a frequency of 5GHz
with TM10 mode excited, find the following: (a) cut-off frequency (b) characteristic
impedance (c) phase constant (d) phase and group velocity and (e) guide wavelength.
9. Derive the relation among phase velocity, group velocity and free space velocity.
10. For a frequency of 6 GHz and plane separation of 7 cm. Find the following for the TE1
mode: Cut-off frequency, phase and group velocity.
11. The cut-off frequency of TE01 mode of an air-filled rectangular waveguide having inner
dimensions a cm × b cm (a > b) is twice that of the dominant TE10 mode. When the
waveguide is operated at a frequency which is 25% higher than the cut-off frequency of the
dominant mode, the guide wavelength is found to be 4 cm. Find the value of b in cm.
12. Derive the equations to give the relationship among the fields within the rectangular guide
from Maxwell’s equation.
13. A rectangular waveguide of width w and height h has cut-off frequencies for TE10 and TE11
modes in the ratio 1 : 2. Determine the aspect ratio w/h, rounded off to two decimal places.
14. Obtain the Bessel solution of the wave equation in cylindrical coordinates of a circular
waveguide for the electric field strength that propagates in z – direction ‘Ez’.
15. Consider a standard rectangular and a circular waveguide having same dominant mode cut-
off frequency, determine the ratio of area of circular waveguide to rectangular waveguide.
16. An air-filled cubical cavity operates at a resonant frequency of 4 GHz when exited at the
TE101 mode. Determine the dimension of the cavity.
17. A circular waveguide has an internal diameter of 4 cm. For a 10 GHz signal propagated in it
in the TE11 mode and by referring the suitable eigen values of the Bessel function from the
table 1, calculate cut-off wavelength, guide wavelength and characteristic impedance.

Order of
the Bessel TE waves TM waves
function
n h’n1 h’n2 h’n3 h’n1 h’n2 h’n3
0 3.83 7.01 10.17 2.405 5.52 8.65
 1 1.84 5.33 8.53 3.83 7.06 10.17
2 3.05 6.73 9.97 5.13 8.41 11.62

Table 1: Eigen values of the Bessel function for TE waves and TM waves

18. A rectangular cavity resonator excited by TE101 mode, at 20 GHz, have the dimensions a =
2 cm and b = 1 cm, then calculate the length of the cavity.
19. If the cut-off wavelength for a TE11 mode propagated through circular waveguide is 0.08 m,
find dimension for inner diameter of a guide. (refer the suitable eigen values of the Bessel
function from the table 1)

TEN MARKS

1. A generator of 1V, 1 kHz supplies power to a 100 km long line terminated in Z 0 and having
the following constants, R = 10.4 Ω/km, L = 0.00367 H/km G = 0.8 µ-mho/km, C =
0.00835 µF/km. Calculate characteristics impedance, attenuation constant, phase constant,
wavelength and velocity, received current, voltage and power.
2. The characteristic impedance of a 805 m long transmission line is 94 /_-23.2º Ω, the
attenuation constant is 74.5 * 10–6 Np/m and the phase shift constant is 174 * 10–6 rad/m at
5 kHz. Calculate the line parameters R, L, G and C per meter and the phase velocity on the
line.
Z1 γ
3. Prove that in a symmetrical T network, the series arm impedance
2
=Z 0 tan h()
2
and the

Z0
shunt arm impedance Z2 = .
sin h γ
4. A load (50 – j 100) Ω is connected across a 50-Ω line. Design a short-circuited stub to
provide matching between the two at a signal frequency of 30 MHz using Smith chart.
5. A load (50 – j 100) Ω is connected across a 50-Ω line. Design a short-circuited stub to
provide matching between the two at a signal frequency of 30 MHz using Smith chart.

6. A transmission line has a characteristic impedance of 300Ω and terminated in a load 150
+j150 Ω. Find the following using Smith Chart: (i) VSWR (ii) Reflection coefficient (iii)
Input impedance at a distance of 0.1 λ from the load and (iv) input admittance from 0.1λ
from the load.
7. The transmission line has standing wave ratio S = 2.5 and voltage minima exists at 0.15 λ
from the load. Find the load and input impedance for a line of 0.35 λ length. Use Smith chart
and confirms with theoretical calculation method.
8. A TM2 mode wave is propagated through the region between two conducting planes at 5
GHz. If the distance of separation is 6.25 cm and if the region between the planes is filled
with a dielectric material of εr = 1.6 and µr = 1, find a) Cut-off frequency b) Cut-off
wavelength c) Angle of incidence d) Phase velocity e) Group velocity f) Phase constant g)
Characteristic wave impedance h) Wavelength along guiding walls i) If the propagation of
TM 3 mode is possible or not?
9. For a frequency of 6000 MHz and plane separation of 7 cm, find following for TE1 mode: i)
Critical frequency ii) Phase constant iii) Attenuation constant α and phase constant β for f =
0.8 fc iv) Attenuation constant α and phase constant β for f = 1.25 fc v) Critical wavelength
λc.
10. Derive the components of electric and magnetic field strength between a pair of parallel
perfectly conducting planes of infinite extent in the 'Y' and 'Z' directions. The planes are
separated in X direction by "a" meter.
11. A rectangular waveguide measuring a = 4.5 cm and b = 3 cm internally has a 9 GHz signal
propagated in it. Calculate the guide wavelength, phase and group velocities and
characteristic wave impedance for TM11 mode.
12. What are the dimensions of a waveguide with the following specifications? (a) At a
frequency of 9959.5 MHz, the guide wavelength for TE10 mode is 87.57% of the cut-off
wavelength. (b) TE30 and TE12 mode have the same cut-off frequency.
13. A TE10 wave at 10 GHz propagates in a X-band copper rectangular waveguide with inner
dimensions a = 2.3 cm and b = 1 cm which is filled with Teflon (εr=2.1,µr=1). Calculate cut-
off frequency, velocity of propagation, phase velocity, phase constant, guide wavelength and
wave impedance.
14. The dominant mode is transmitted through a circular waveguide, the guide wavelength is
13.33 cm. The frequency of the microwave signal is 3.75 GHz. Then determine: (a) Cut-off
frequency (b) Inner radius of the guide, (c) Phase velocity (d) Group velocity, (e) Phase
constant (f) Wave impedance, (g) Bandwidth for operation in dominant mode only. [Refer
the Table 1 for the suitable Bessel function]
15. A circular waveguide has radius of 3 cm and is used as a resonator for TM011 mode at 10
GHz by producing two perfectly conducting plates at two ends. Determine the minimum
distance between two end plates with free space in between.
16. Calculate the resonant frequencies of cylindrical resonator with a diameter of 8 cm and
length of 3 cm. For the propagating modes TE110, TE112, TM012, TM12. (Refer Table 1 for
the eigen values of the Bessel function)
17. Calculate the resonant frequency of cylindrical resonator of dimensions with diameter 12.5
cm and length 5 cm for TM012 mode. [Refer the Table 1 for the suitable Bessel function]
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