SCHOOL BASE ASSESSMENT FOR GENERAL PROFICICEY

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR CERTIFICATION IN

TECHNICAL DRAWING

FIRE EXTINGUSIHER

NAME: Rasheed Panther

SCHOOL: BELMONT ACADEMY

CANDIDATE #:

CENTRE:

TERRITORY: JAMAICA

TEACHER: MR.SAMUELS

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 TABLE OF CONTENT

What is fire?

Types of fires

Importance of fires fighting equipment

Types of fire extinguisher

Types of fire Hydrants

Types of fire hoses

Safety guidelines on using and maintaining fire extinguisher

Preparing and maintaining report of usage

Storage and maintenances of fire extinguisher

Importance of technical drawing

Importance of technical drawing to the engineering

Importance of technical drawing to the architecture

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Importance of technical drawing to the designer

Benefits of aisi, iso,bs standard

Benefit of building codes

Benefits of engineering codes

Importance of codes and standard in preparation and interpretation of

drawing

Use of a drawing board

Use of a t- square

Use of a drafting machine

Use of a computer

Use of a plotters

Use of a printer

Use of a camera

Use of a scanner

Use of a multimedia device

Drawing instrument

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Compass

Triangle

Protractors

Divider

French curve

Templates

Lettering

Rule

Scale

Drawing material

Drafting paper

Tracing paper

Eraser

Dusting cloth

Ink

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 WHAT IS FIRE

Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing

heat, light, and various reaction products.

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 TYPE OF FIRE

 Class A - fires involving solid materials such as wood, paper or textiles.

 Class B - fires involving flammable liquids such as petrol, diesel or oils.

 Class C - fires involving gases.

 Class D - fires involving metals.

 Class E - fires involving live electrical apparatus. (Technically ‘Class E’ doesn’t exists
however this is used for convenience here)

 Class F - fires involving cooking oils such as in deep-fat fryers.

 Class K fires are fires in cooking oils and greases such as animal and vegetable fats. 

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 IMPORTANCS OF FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT

FIRE EXTINGUISHER: Fire extinguishers are portable devices used to extinguish small fires or

reduce their destruction before firefighters arrive at the scene. These are kept handy at places,

namely fire points, in buildings, factories, public paces or transportation. The types and numbers

of extinguishers legally required for an area are governed by the safety regulations in force in

that particular area.

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 TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

WATER

Water fire extinguishers have a class A rating and are suitable for fighting fires involving solid
combustibles such as wood, paper and textiles.
Electrical equipment should be avoided when using a water extinguisher (unless water with
additive are used). As water is a conductor.

CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2)

CO2 fire extinguishers were originally designed for use on flammable liquid fires and therefore
have a class B fire rating.
They are ideal for electrical fires, as CO2 is not a conductor and they do not leave behind any
harmful residue.

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 ABC POWDER

ABC powder fire extinguishers are extremely versatile and can be used on class A, class B, class
C and electrical fires.
They are available in a range of sizes from 1 - 9kg and are ideal for application in environments
containing mixed fire risks. However, there is a risk of inhalation when using powder
extinguishers indoors. Powder fire extinguishers are therefore not recommended for use within
small rooms, homes and offices.

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 AFFF FOAM

AFFF foam fire extinguishers are highly effective on class A and class B fires (the foam agent
helps to prevent re-ignition).
Some foam extinguishers have been dielectrically tested to 35000 Volt (35kV) and can be used
on or near electrical appliances.

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 TYPE OF FIRE HYDRANTS

Wet Barrel Hydrants

A wet barrel hydrant’s basic, sturdy design gives it an operational lifespan of more than 100
years. Its mechanical parts are above ground, with a main valve to prevent any debris from
entering the hydrant. Easy-to-access outlet valves and nozzles work independently so that
firefighters can add more discharge lines without causing the hydrant to shut down.

All of these convenient above-ground aspects of wet barrel hydrants also make them susceptible
to frost. Therefore, wet barrel hydrants aren’t prevalent here in Canada, but they are commonly
found in the hot, southern regions of the United States

Dry Barrel Hydrants

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 TYPE OF FIRE HOSES

1) Delivery Hose:
 This is connected to the discharge side of the pump. This is subjected to a pressure greater than
the atmospheric pressure

2) Suction Hose:
           These are connected to the suction side of the pump. These are subjected to either above
or below the atmospheric pressure. 

3) Hose Reel Hose:  These are made of reinforced rubber fitted with a swiveling joint bound

over a reel. 

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 SAFETY GUIDLINES ON USING AND MAINTAINING FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 Pull the pin. Make sure the nozzle is not facing you and then pull the pin out to remove
the safety lock.

 Aim low. Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.

 Squeeze the lever. Squeeze the lever slowly and evenly.

 Sweep side-to-side.

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 PREPARING AND MAINTAINING REPORT OF USAGE

Inspect fire extinguishers at least once a month (more often in severe environments).

Fire extinguisher maintenance is important for everyone’s safety.

You must ensure that:

The extinguisher is not blocked by equipment, coats or other objects that could

interfere with access in an emergency.

The pressure is at the recommended level. On extinguishers equipped with a gauge

(such as that shown on the right), the needle should be in the green zone - not too

high and not too low.

The nozzle or other parts are not hindered in any way.

The pin and tamper seal (if it has one) are intact.

There are no dents, leaks, rust, chemical deposits and/or other signs of abuse/wear.

Wipe off any corrosive chemicals, oil, gunk etc. that may have deposited on the

extinguisher.

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 Storage and Maintenances of fire extinguisher. 

1. Ensure Easy Access

Make sure the extinguisher is visible and easy to retrieve.

2. Check the Pressure

Many fire extinguishers have a pressure gauge that indicates whether the device is in the proper

operating range. If yours has one, check to make sure that the gauge’s needle indicates proper

pressure. If the fire extinguisher has a test indicator, press it to make sure the pressure reading is

within the correct range.

3. Look for Physical Damage

Check that the can, hoses and nozzles look to be in working in order. Visible signs of

damage, such as dents or rust, may mean it’s time to replace the extinguisher.

Documenting your checks on the extinguisher’s inspection tag may help you keep track of its

maintenance history.

4. Clean the Extinguisher

Check the outside of each extinguisher for dust, oil or grease, and clean it as necessary.

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 Importance of technical drawing

technical drawing is a much more detailed visual representation intended to “concisely and

clearly communicate all needed specifications to transform an idea into physical form

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 Importance of technical drawing to the manufacturing industry

Technical drawings up to the late 1980’s were used to create the tools necessary to manipulate

the parts used in the manufacturing process. They provided the precise measurements and

specifications of both the machines and the parts being manufactured. Today technical drawings

are created in 3D, for both the parts and the tools. The manufacturing process can then be created

in virtual reality and observed by product engineers along with manufacturing engineers, tool

engineers and production engineers. The technical drawings can then be used to create the

machines necessary to manipulate the parts as well as fine tune the manufacturing process itself,

including any safety concerns. This will insure there are no errors when actual production begins.

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 Importance of technical drawing to the engineering

Technical drawing is a means of communication between a designer and a producer. Based on

this simple definition, technical drawing is important in engineering because it is a language

without boarder among all stakeholders (designers, engineers, technicians, machinists,

electricians, builders, and technical/engineering teachers) in the production/manufacturing line in

engineering and technical fields. Additionally, it is important because it simplifies their jobs

using 3D and 2D drawing and sketches.

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 Importance of technical drawing to the architecture

The drafted drawings and spec sheets are used to specify the actual construction of what is

referenced in the drawings and blue prints. Most drawings now are plotted and done with a CAD

like program with preferred Architectural and Mechanical software specifically used to describe

and show precise methods and also materials and colors and texturing to be used in and on the

construction project or building method. Anything that is drawn is backed up on other pages of

the complete set of prints and the contractors will often refer to the engineers in the firm or the

Architect directly if any questions need answering or further information is needed in the

construction project. Many changes can occur during a project and the Contractors are required

to inform the Architects and Engineers involved of any changes or anomalies made, whether

preferred or necessary. Inspectors may also be involved in adjusting something during

Construction or building to comply with regulations either federally or local required in their site

building codes. Specifics are important in the drawings and without them a project could not

even begin, much less meet it conclusion without all the technical information laid out to

communicate to the builder or tool maker involved

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 Importance of technical drawing to the designer

Technical drawings are easier for a large amount of people in different disciplines to understand.

While designers and artists may easily interpret a rough sketch, modellers and engineers may

struggle. So technical drawings are important because they outline everything that is necessary to

the design and don't leave anything up to multiple interpretations. As designers usually work

within a larger group of people with different disciplines, it's important everyone working on a

project is on the same page.

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 Benefit of AISI, ISO, BS STANDARD

AISI – American Iron and Steel Institute

The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) is an association of North American steel
producers. Its predecessor organizations date back to 1855 making it one of the oldest
trade associations in the United States. AISI assumed its present form in 1908, with Elbert
H. Gary, chairman of the United States Steel Corporation, as its first president.

Its development was in response to the need for a cooperative agency in the iron and steel
industry for collecting and disseminating statistics and information, carrying on
investigations, providing a forum for the discussion of problems and advancing the
interests of the industry.

 BS – British Standards

British Standards (BS)are the standards produced by BSI Group which is incorporated under
a Royal Charter (and which is formally designated as the National Standards Body (NSB) for
the UK).The BSI Group produces British Standards under the authority of the Charter, which
lays down as one of the BSI’s objectives.

Products and services which BSI certifies as having met the requirements of specific
standards within designated schemes are awarded the Kitemark.

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 Benefit of building codes

Building codes address many of a society’s most important concerns, including public health and

safety, and environmental protection. Because they are developed by a democratic and

deliberative process that applies improvements incrementally, the building codes also address

cost efficiency and investment value. In large part, building codes establish a building’s quality,

safety and energy performance for years to come, because initial design and construction

decisions determine operational and maintenance costs for the life of the building. Building

equipment and other components may be replaceable and upgradeable, but many aspects of

building performance are "designed in" at the beginning, and are too expensive and difficult to

change. Foundations and other parts of the building envelope are typically in place for 50 years

or more. Building codes and design and construction decisions affect us every day. Some

requirements such as fire safety codes and structural and seismic standards affect us in obvious

ways. Others, such as lighting quality, acoustics and the air we breathe also have major effects

on our health and productivity. We spend nearly 90 percent of our lives inside buildings,

according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which is why the EPA is concerned

about the impact of indoor air quality on public health.

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 Benefit of engineering codes

It is the policy of the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) to urge its members to

serve on committees appointed to develop new and recognized codes and standards and/or to

develop revisions to existing codes and standards involving engineering principles to protect the

public health, safety and welfare.

It is the further policy of NSPE that members serving on such committees encourage the

adoption of language in international, national, regional, state and local building codes stating

that “the plans and specifications shall be prepared by a licensed professional engineer and/or

registered architect and shall bear the appropriate seals, signatures and dates required by law.”

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Importance of codes and standards in preparation and interpretation of

drawings

Designers use technical drawings and specifications prepared by draughts persons to convey

their ideas and intentions to such people as manufacturing engineers, maintenance/service

engineers, sales engineers, and customers. These technical drawings and specifications vary

depending upon for whom they are intended. The manufacturing engineer will want orthographic

detail and assembly drawings. The service engineer will require exploded views. The customer

will require installation drawings and operating data. This chapter discusses the interpretation of

technical information needed to manufacture, assemble, and maintain engineering products by

the use of diagrams, drawings, charts, and graphs, which together with the use of national and

international standards and conventions provide a universal visual language. Communications

should always be easy to understand and not subject to misinterpretation; should be sufficiently

detailed that no additional information needs to be sought; but should be without repetition and

without redundant information which might prove confusing. The chapter illustrates the layout of

a typical engineering drawing sheet. To save time, these are usually printed to a standardized

layout for a particular company, ready for the draughts person to add the drawing and complete

the boxes and tables.

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 Use of a drawing board

1. Holes - A drawing board provides a firm surface on which to draw.  Drawing on soft surfaces
can cause your drawing tools, especially sharp pencil tips to rip through your paper.  Yikes!

 2. Ghostly Lines - When you draw directly in your drawing pad you are drawing on several
layers of paper.  This creates a fairly soft drawing surface.  When you draw on a soft surface you
are creating depressions in your paper.  These grooves in the paper show up later as ghostly
white lines when you shade you’re drawing in.  Use a drawing board and you will minimalize the
amount of ghostly white lines in your finished drawings.

 3. Consistency - Drawing is difficult enough to get proficient at without throwing in many
random hurdles.  Using a drawing board provides consistency.   You’ll get the same feel to your
drawing surface each time you sit down to draw.  Imagine trying to get better at basketball but
each time you attempt to practice the hoop is a different height and the floor is made of a
different material.

 4. Folds, Bends & Curls - Because a drawing board is rigid it is less likely that you will
accidentally fold, bend, curl, rip, or otherwise ruin your drawing paper. Lightly taping down the
corners of your paper to the drawing board’s surface will help you keep your artwork in tip-top
shape, especially when drawing very rapidly or working under less than ideal conditions such as
outdoors on a breezy day.

 5. Comfort - Because a drawing board is rigid you can use it to get comfortable.  Once your
drawing paper is secured to the drawing board’s surface you can work at any angle you wish, not
just flat as if you were confined to a table.  With drawing board in hand you can take your
artwork anywhere and easily get comfortable!

 6. Viewing Distance - When your drawing paper is attached to your drawing board you can
easily prop your drawing up and look at it from far away.  You can’t easily prop up a loose piece
of paper.  Even drawing pads tend to be flimsy and bend when compared to the rigidity of a
quality drawing board.  Looking at one’s drawing from about 6 feet away is very helpful for
critiquing one’s progress.

7. Safer Storage - Lose drawings definitely come with many risks.  They can get folded, bent or
simply get blown around and land in liquid or worse.  Drawings on paper need to be stored flat if
they are not secured to a firm surface.  If your drawing is taped to a drawing board you have the
option of safely storing your drawing vertically.  This will limit the amount of dust that falls on
your drawing.  You’ll also find it easier to store your drawing-in-progress once you can store it
vertically on the board.

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 8. Hands Off! - When your drawing is attached to a drawing board you can handle the board and
not the paper.  Typically, the less contact you have with your paper the better condition it will
stay in.

 9. Botched Proportions - Drawing flat on top of a table while seated may work fine for a small
drawing.  As the size of your drawing increases you will inadvertently introduce incorrect
proportions into your drawing.  The reason being is that the top of your drawing will be
physically farther from your eyes.  This will fool you into drawing elements larger towards the
top of your paper (because they are farther away and look smaller).  When using a drawing board
you can prop up your drawing so that it is perpendicular to your line of sight.  Using any other
angle risks introducing incorrect proportions into your artwork.

 10. Ruined Pads - It’s tempting to work right out of a drawing pad.  For your most serious
work this can be detrimental to not only your current drawing but future drawings as well.  Your
pencil points can create indentations on the papers underneath causing those dreadful ghostly
lines again in subsequent drawings to come.  Furthermore, the act of leaning on a soft drawing
pad can permanently dent all the sheets of paper within the pad.  If you insist on keeping your
paper in your drawing pad, at least slip a drawing board in between the current piece of paper
you’re drawing on and the new sheets below or use a stack of smooth paper you use for this sole
purpose.  This will protect your sheets of paper from scratch marks and denting.

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 Use of a T-square

A T-square is a technical drawing instrument used primarily as a guide for drawing horizontal

lines on a drafting table. It may also guide a set square to draw vertical or diagonal lines.

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 Use of a drafting machine

A drafting machine is a tool used in technical drawing, consisting of a pair of scales mounted to

form a right angle on an articulated protractor head that allows an angular rotation.

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 Use of a computer

Computers are used to control large and small machines which in the past were controlled by

humans. They are also in homes, where they are used for things such as listening to music,

reading the news, and writing. Modern computers are electronic computer hardware.

Use of a plotters
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A plotter is a computer hardware device much like a printer

that is used for printing vector graphics. Instead of toner,

plotters use a pen, pencil, marker, or another writing tool to

draw multiple, continuous lines onto paper rather than a series

of dots like a traditional printer. Though once widely used

for computer-aided design, these devices have more or less

been phased out by wide-format printers. Plotters are used to

produce a hard copy of schematics and other similar

applications.

Use of a printer

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A printer is a device that accepts text and graphic output from a computer and transfers the

information to paper, usually to standard size sheets of paper. Printers vary in size, speed,

sophistication, and cost. In general, more expensive printers are used for higher-

resolution color printing.

Use of a camera

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A camera is an optical instrument to capture still images or to record moving images, which are

stored in a physical medium such as in a digital system or on photographic film.

A camera consists of a lens which focuses light from the scene, and a camera body which holds

the image capture mechanism.

Use of a scanner

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A scanner is an optional piece of computer hardware that uses reflected light to capture images

and translate them into files a computer can read and display. Scanners come in high- and low-

resolution versions, and can scan images in either black-and-white or color.

Use of a multimedia device

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Multimedia is content that uses a combination of different content forms such as text, audio,

images, animations, video and interactive content. ... Multimedia devices are electronic medi

a devices used to store and experience multimedia content

Drawing instrument

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 Compass

an instrument for drawing circles and arcs and measuring distances between points, consisting of

two arms linked by a movable joint, one arm ending in a point and the other usually carrying a

pencil or pen

Triangles

a plane figure with three straight sides and three angles.

Protractors

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An instrument for measuring angles, typically in the form of a flat semicircle marked with

degrees along the curved edge.

Divider

a measuring compass, especially one with a screw for making fine adjustments.

French curve

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 a template used for drawing curved lines.

Templates

.
Drafting Templates are Stencils to Draw Common Shapes, Symbols & Figures. Drafting
templates are used when standard symbols are to be drawn repeatedly. A drafting
template is a flat piece of plastic with standard symbols cut in it. The drafting
templates shapes are used as guides for drawing symbols on plans

Lettering guides

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 A lettering guide template is a special type of template used to write uniform characters. It
consists of a sheet of plastic or other material with cut-outs of letters, numbers, and other shapes
used especially for creating technical drawings. For decades they have been essential for lettering
a drawing nameplate so text and other designs could be made quickly and uniformly

Rule
A straight strip or cylinder of plastic, wood, metal, or other rigid material, typically marked at
regular intervals and used to draw straight lines or measure distances.

Scale

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A drawing that shows a real object with accurate sizes reduced or enlarged by a certain
amount 

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 Drawing material

Drafting paper
Drafting paper is specially prepared for drawing on with pencils and pens. The paper is smooth,

erasable and made from different materials including vellum and film

Tracing paper

Transparent paper used for tracing maps, drawings, or designs.

Eraser

A piece of soft rubber or plastic used to rub out something written.

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 Dusting cloth
a piece of cloth that is used for removing dust from furniture, books, surfaces, etc. Equipment

used for cleaning.

Ink

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Printing Ink is a complex mixture of ingredients that are combined in a specific formulation to

meet desired characteristics of the printing application of the ink

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