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Justin Solomon: MIT, Spring 2017

The document discusses methods for estimating curvature on triangular meshes. It presents several common discrete definitions of curvature based on integrals of curvature over mesh elements. These include defining Gaussian curvature as the angular deficit divided by the area of a vertex's one-ring neighborhood and mean curvature as a weighted average of face normals divided by area. The accuracy of different definitions is application-dependent and local estimates can be noisy, so the document also discusses fitting smooth surfaces and evaluating curvature as a function of the fitted surface.

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76 views77 pages

Justin Solomon: MIT, Spring 2017

The document discusses methods for estimating curvature on triangular meshes. It presents several common discrete definitions of curvature based on integrals of curvature over mesh elements. These include defining Gaussian curvature as the angular deficit divided by the area of a vertex's one-ring neighborhood and mean curvature as a weighted average of face normals divided by area. The accuracy of different definitions is application-dependent and local estimates can be noisy, so the document also discusses fitting smooth surfaces and evaluating curvature as a function of the fitted surface.

Uploaded by

Secular Guy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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http://www.sciencedirect.

com/science/article/pii/S1053811909002663

Justin Solomon
MIT, Spring 2017

Some materials from Stanford CS 468, spring 2013 (Butscher & Solomon)
Quantify how a surface
bends.
Curvature.
http://pubs.rsc.org/is/content/articlelanding/2013/cp/c3cp44375b
http://thegeometryofbending.blogspot.com/
http://starchild.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/StarChild/questions/question35.html
https://www.bustle.com/articles/43697-the-best-way-to-eat-pizza-
according-to-science-means-you-probably-have-been-doing-it
 Binormal: 𝑻 × 𝑵
 Curvature: In-plane motion
 Torsion: Out-of-plane motion
Theorem:
Curvature and torsion determine
geometry of a curve up to rigid motion.
Can curvature/torsion
of a curve help us
understand surfaces?
Normal map from curve to S1

http://mesh.brown.edu/3DPGP-2007/pdfs/sg06-course01.pdf
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/images/eps-gif/UnitSphere_800.gif
Linear map of tangent spaces

Image from Wikipedia


Where is the
derivative of N?
Spoiler alert: TpS
http://www.solitaryroad.com/c335.html

Drawing by Adrian Butscher


(on board)
𝜿𝟏 , 𝜿𝟐 eigenvalues of Ap; 𝑻𝟏 , 𝑻𝟐 eigenvectors of Ap
Image courtesy K. Crane, CMU
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010448510001983
http://www.aliasworkbench.com/theoryBuilders/TB7_evaluate3.htm
Theorem:
A smooth surface is determined up to
rigid motion by its first and second
fundamental forms.
Curvature
completely determines
local surface geometry.
http://graphics.ucsd.edu/~iman/Curvature/
Linear Surface Reconstruction from Discrete Fundamental Forms on Triangle Meshes
Wang, Liu, and Tong
Computer Graphics Forum 31.8 (2012)
Triangular Surface Mesh Fairing via
Gaussian Curvature Flow
Zhao, Xu
Journal of Computational and Applied
Mathematics 195.1-2 (2006)
Highlight Lines for Conveying Shape
DeCarlo, Rusinkiewicz
NPAR (2007)

http://www.cs.rutgers.edu/~decarlo/pubs/npar07.pdf
Anisotropic Polygonal Remeshing
Alliez et al.
SIGGRAPH (2003)
Curvature is a
second derivative,
but triangles are flat.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Dolphin_triangle_mesh.png
 Eigenvectors are 𝑁, 𝑇1 , and 𝑇2
3 1 1 3
 Eigenvalues are 𝜅1 + 𝜅2 and 𝜅1 + 𝜅2
8 8 8 8
Divided difference
approximation
http://iristown.engr.utk.edu/~koschan/paper/CVPR01.pdf

Local estimates are noisy


local data
ENGINEERING
DISGUISED AS
MATH
Use application to motivate
choice of curvature.
Simulation, smoothing, analysis, meshing,
nonphotorealistic rendering, …
Assume u, v are orthogonal
Figure from the paper

Least-squares
 Rotate tangent plane about
cross product of normals

 Average using Voronoi weights


Structure preservation
[struhk-cher pre-zur-vey-shuhn]:
Keeping properties from the
continuous abstraction exactly
true in a discretization.
Gaussian 2-2g
curvature
Geodesic curvature
(curvature projected
on tangent plane)
Change is in
normal
direction

Turning angle
integrated
curvature
Figure from the paper
Figure from the paper
DEFINITION:
Gaussian curvature integrated over region V
is given by

Divide by area for curvature estimate


“Each edge is
adjacent to two
faces. Each face
has three edges.”

Closed mesh: Easy estimates!


Partition the surface
Apply our definition
Pull out constants
Consider sum over triangles
By definition
decreases
length the
fastest.
“Variational derivative”

Minimal surfaces
Image courtesy K. Crane
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fb/Dolphin_triangle_mesh.png
As a function of 𝒑
DEFINITION:
The mean curvature normal integrated over
region V is given by

Divide by area for curvature estimate


 Compute integrated H, K

 Divide by area of cell for


estimated value
J.A. Bærentzen et al., Guide to Computational Geometry Processing (2012)

Used for triangulation applications


Cotan Theirs
 Locally fit a smooth surface
What type of surface? How to fit?

 Different formula
Function of curvature? Where on mesh?
Convergence of approximation?

 Learn curvature computation


Tune for application? Training data?
Try as many as you can.
Most are easy to implement!
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811909002663

Justin Solomon
MIT, Spring 2017

Some materials from Stanford CS 468, spring 2013 (Butscher & Solomon)

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