GROUP - 7

DARSHAN SANGHVI
JAYRAJ JADHAV
PADMASHREE PATIL
PURVA PATIL
URMI PATHAK
SRUSHTI OSWAL
 GARDEN CITY MOVEMENT
- The garden city movement is a method
of urban planning in which self-contained
communities are surrounded by "greenbelts",
containing proportionate areas of residences,
industry, and agriculture. - The idea was
initiated in 1898 by Ebenezer Howard in
the United Kingdom.- Aims to capture the
primary benefits of a countryside environment
and a city environment while avoiding the
disadvantages presented by both
Some features of Garden City
● 1) Beautifully and imaginatively designed homes with gardens
● 2) A strong local jobs offer in the Garden City itself and within easy
commuting distance
● 3) Opportunities for residents to grow their own food.
● 4) Surrounding belt of countryside to prevent unplanned sprawl; well
connected and biodiversity-rich public parks; high quality gardens; tree-
lined streets; and open spaces.
● 5) Strong cultural, recreational and shopping facilities in walkable
distance.
● 6) Accessible transport systems.
ORECHOVKA
PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC
HISTORY

1710 - In the place where is now Orechovka it was built the Borek Garden
designed by John Christopher Borek. It was a French style garden with a baroque palace on its lands.

1742 - The garden and the building were destroyed during the War of Austrian Succession.

1747 - The original site of Borec’s gardens fell into the hands of the state and there were established artillery stores,and
later labs.

1918 - It was created the Czechoslovak Republic and Prague became the capital of the new state.

1919 - There was a need to expand the city and to build new neighborhoods. And in the site of the old Borek garden they
were planning to build houses for civil servants. Competition for the project of a new neighborhood was won by the
architects Jaroslav and Jan Vondrak landlord. The project was called the garden city. The design found its inspiration in
England in Projects from architects such as John Nash. These Garden Cities were trying to solve the problem of industrial
cities creating a healthier city, where it would be nice to live - work, and relax. The result is a residential area with plenty of
green and pleasant leisure.
By alternating the type of houses - terraced and
insulated - the monotony of the development was to
be avoided. The winning design by architects Jaroslav
Vondrák and Jan Šenkýř from the competition became
the basis for the definitive urban design of this
residential area.

At the same time, the individual integral parts of the

development were mostly designed and carried out
according to the modified types of those architects
who placed in the leading positions in the
competition. In this way, uniformity was quite
successfully prevented. Most of the terraced houses in
Klidná and Dělostřelecká streets were designed by
Jindřich Freiwald, and a number of terraced houses in
Západná and Lomená streets were designed by
Jaroslav Vondrák. He proved to be a modernist here in
relation to the so-called anchor houses - villas of
English garden towns, which represented one of the
lines of Prague urbanism of the 1920s.
 Construction
The construction can be divided into 3 stages.

● 1st STAGE(1920-1923): The cooperative built villas

for officials in the northern part Ořechovka. These
buildings were built around a central building that
has become a commercial and social center of the
new residential area. There was placed a number of
shops, cinema, restaurant, cafe and wine bar and
physicians' offices. There was also a library, post
office and federal room .

● 2nd STAGE(1923-1930): Construction in these years

rose above the ridge to the south. In addition to
cooperative houses were built mainly large, rich and
isolated villas.

● 3rd STAGE(1930-1932): It was only isolated in the

construction of villas towards the space where is
now the horticulture.
 HOUSING PLAN,ORECHOVKA

LAND USE ORECHOVKA

 Around the original Ořechovka, which grew by
other streets during the 1920s, villas were built
again, but this time mostly according to
individual designs. In the same period,
residential villas were also built in Pod Hradbami
Street. In the 1930s, the construction of villas
continued to the west, to Veleslavín. During the
First Republic, Ořechovka became one of the
best addresses for living in Prague, where the
most modern means of transport was introduced
in 1936 - a trolleybus.

TRANSPORT, ORECHOVKA.
The Central Building
Na Ořechovce 30b, Střešovice 250

The central building, or the "federal and consumer"

building, designed by Jaroslav Vondrák in 1921 and built in
parallel with the residential houses, became the
commercial and social center of the colony. As we can
notice, the architect Vondrák moved to the border of
pyramidal and cubist forms when creating its main facade
in Machar Square.

Many shops, a market, a cinema, a restaurant, a café with a

wine bar and doctors' surgeries have found their location
here. In 1927, the social significance of this building was
further increased by the addition of a new theater and
dance hall. There was also a library, a post office and a
common room. This is a kind of the first form in today's
concept of "civic amenities" - the core of this residential
complex.
"Main" Square (Macharovo)

The residential district of Ořechovka (originally Vořechovka) was urbanistically

uniformly designed (1919 - 1929) and therefore, of course, from the very
beginning, the central square was considered. It was built south of the so-called
central building, which became the commercial and social center of the villa colony.
The area of the square was closed un l 1926. However, the name "Hlavní náměs "
was only an unofficial name. According to the original project, it was planned that a
school would be built on the square in front of the central building. Later, however,
it turned out that the two-storey school building in nearby old Střešovice would
suffice for children from Ořechovka. The villa town, separated by an undeveloped
area from the rest of the Střešovice development, needed central space. A proposal
for the definitive solution of the space, which provided for the permanent
preservation of the function of the square, designed by architect Alois Dryák and
built in 1927. Tennis courts, a children's playground and toboggan runs and a
monument to the fallen of Střešovice during the First World War were sensitively
installed in the landscaping. The area was given an official name - Na Ořechovce
Square - in 1930, in the 1960s it was changed to Machar Square according to the
poet Josef Svatopluk Machar, who lived for many years in a villa in the nearby
Cukrovarnická Street.
MILTON KEYNES
UNITED KINGDOM
 The Concept of NEW TOWN
The term ‘New Town’ in UK often refers to towns built after World War II under
the New Towns Act 1946. These towns were mostly influenced by the Garden
City Movement of 1900 from Ebenezer Howard and Sir Patrick Geddes and the
work of Raymond Unwin. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-
contained communities surrounded by ‘greenbelts’, containing proportionate
areas of residences, industry and agriculture. Two garden cities were built using
Howard’s ideas: Letchworth Garden City and Welwyn Garden City. Howard’s
successor as chairman of the Garden City Association was Sir Frederic Osborn,
who extended the movement to a regional planning ideology.

The concept was adopted again in England after the Second World War, when
the large pressure on the housing stock, largely caused by a rapidly growing
population, started to worry the government. The original concept was altered:
the social model of the Garden City was transformed into a national planning
model that could support the development of the welfare state. The New
Towns Act was passed in 1946 as a crucial part of the Reconstruction of Britain
after World War II.
Designated to accommodate overspill from Greater London (the
first New Town with this purpose since Bracknell in 1949), Milton
Keynes (MK) is the UK’s largest and fastest growing New Town. Its
strategic location was key to its success in attracting industry and
investment. Its iconic grid masterplan and supporting policy
provided a framework intended to be flexible enough to
accommodate future change and support high social and
environmental ambitions. Despite financial setbacks in the 1970s,
it has grown to be one of the UK’s most successful cities, and is set
to double its population through urban extensions. MK contains a
number of celebrated stewardship organisations, including the
Parks Trust, which manages MK’s extensive green infrastructure. It
is also home to Britain’s only Business Neighbourhood Plan and
the MK development tariff.
MILTON KEYNES
● Designated: 23 January 1967.
● Designated area: 8,870 hectares.
● Intended population: 250,000 (population at
designation: 40,000).
● Development Corporation: The plan for MK used
innovative approaches to community and social
development, with its grid containing a series of
neighbourhood centres and one large central area to
serve the whole town, all set within a comprehensive
green infrastructure network. Development
Corporation wound up 31 March 1992.
The planning process of Milton
Keynes (1965-1972)
1965 - Second New Towns Act passed in
Parliament.

1967 - 9,000 hectares of North

Buckinghamshire designated for a New
Town in North Bucks.

1967 - Establishment of the Milton

Keynes Development Corporation (MKDC)
and appointment of planning consultancy
firm of Llewelyn-Davies, Weeks, Forestier-
Walker and Bor to draw up the plan for
Milton Keynes.

1970 - Milton Keynes Development

Corporation published its two-volume
‘Plan for Milton Keynes’ (the Master
Plan). First section of road system
opened.809 hectares of land acquired.
Six principles for the design
● opportunity and freedom of choice.
● easy movement and access, and good communications.
● balance and variety.
● an attractive city.
● public awareness and participation.
● efficient and imaginative use of resources.

Milton Keynes was designed to be a regional hub between Birmingham and London, located at the midpoint of the Oxford to
Cambridge. Built with future growth in mind, MK is well connected to national strategic transport networks. About 20 million
people live within a 90 minute journey from the city.
Beyond relieving the pressure on the existent urban areas, the development of New Towns was also meant to boost local
economic activities outside of London’s metropolitan area. New Towns were meant to integrate their rural surroundings in their
design, providing a comfortable, open and green space for new inhabitants to work and live. Though developing such cities on a
large scale was new and generally understood asl incredibly modern, the British New Towns Programme was inspired the plans of
an idealist who had lived nearly a century earlier: Sir Ebenezer Howard.
MILTON KEYS: CITY CENTER AND DISTRICT
CENTERS.
MILTON KEYNES,
ROADWAY MAP
MILTON KEYNES, PARKS.
 FISHERMEAD
Fishermead achieves the title of densest neighbourhood
in Milton Keynes as it hosts more than 200 persons/acre.
The model is based on a three-story perimeter block
composed of terraced middle-class family housings,
enclosing semi-private gardens directly accessible from
the private courtyards of the surrounding dwellings. The
constructions are realised in bricks and plastic claddings
and linear strips of PVC windows alongside the flat roofs
give a strong sense of unity and continuity. Only the
corners are left empty, in order to provide spaces for
community functions, such as shops, organization
centres, fast food stalls, fostering a cohesive feeling of
communal living. In practice, however, it has turned out
that these empty corners are not always used as was
presumed at the time of planning.
COLONEL LIGHT GARDEN
Adelaide, Australia
City of Mitcham
• 1. Originally known as Mitcham Garden Suburb it was renamed Colonel Light Gardens in 1921 to honour the
surveyor responsible for Adelaide’s town plan.
• 2. Developed on a 300 acres Grange Farm.
• 3.The original design encompassed several garden city principles including a mix of recreational places and
allotments for the community.
• 4.however the introduction of the Governments ‘Thousand Homes Scheme’, in 1924, required a remodel to
accommodate the additional housing, which in turn impacted on the original idea.
• 5.Designed by Charles Reade in 1917 based on his experience of the Garden City Movement. Reade left
project in 1920 and surveyor Charles Davenport Harris refined the design.
• 6. Architectural Style/qualities Bungalow homesSettlement Size 1.58km2Population 3,237 (2006 census
Margarethenhohe
Essen, Germany
1.Margarethenhöhe, Essen was founded in 1906 by the
Krupp steel company.

2. Built on garden city principles, the architect Georg

Metzendorf separated the suburb from the city with a
wooded greenbelt

3. At the centre of the town was a market square with

public amenities.

4.The town required extensive restoration after being

damaged during the Second World War. It was made a
protected historical area in 1987.

5. The garden suburb and the later post-war development

of Margarethenhöhe II are still owned and managed by the
Margarethe Krupp housing foundation.4. Original master
planner and any other critical master planning, design and
architects : Georg Metzendorf and Robert Schmidt.

6. Settlement Size:
120 acres of developed land surrounded by 120 acres of
protected forestPopulation:
7350
Original projected population 15,000.
Architectural Style/qualities
● Gables on housing, comparable to Bourneville.Gardens placed behind the houses,
providing expansive views across open green space.Metzendorf took inspiration from
Parker and Unwin by using aspects mediaeval German villages to create the image of a
walled city. He also allowed streets to follow natural contours of earth.Buildings-
Limited palette of materials stucco, slate and tile. Stucco applied in different textures
and colour hues.Influenced by Raymond Unwin and Camillo Sitte – e.g. Diversion of
traffic from the town centre.In much the same way as early Letchworth has a distinct
‘look’, all of its buildings follow the same stylistic concept, with slight variations for each
one.Settlement

● Size:123.5 acres of developed land surrounded by 123.5 acres of protected forest

● Population:7352 (31/12/2015)Original projected population 15,000 – 18,000Only 5,300

by end of 1930s Governance arrangements:Margarethenhöhe Krupp TrustOther
notable features that reflect Garden City Principles mixed-tenure homes and housing
types that are affordable for ordinary people .
VALLING BY STOCKHOLM
 Valling by Stochholm
• Vällingby was inaugurated in 1954.
• It was one of the satellite towns along
the newly expanded subway line from
Stockholm city centre
• .3.Vällingby was an ABC-town.
• 4. ABC-town, which stood for Arbete,
Bostad, Centrum or Work, Dwelling,
Centre.
• 5.Neighbourhood Unit – American
planner Clarence Perry in the 1920.Aim -
contained the very basic services needed
for daily life within walking distance
● 1. Population of 60,000 people.
● 2. Rail was a central element of the city design.
● 3. Vällingby was a metropolitan district linked by
the underground transport system.
● 4.The suburb was built in several centers aound
● 5 stops at the end of the subway line west from
central Stockholm.5. Each of the five stops
generated a cluster of stores and public facilities
Population
● a) fist stop (Blackeber) - single-family
houses and narrow three-story walk-up
buildings.
● b). Second Stop (Racksta) - massive office
and apartment towers.
● c) The third stop (Vällingby) is in a huge
shopping, social and office center.
● d) One Extra stop for trees (Green belt)
● e) The fourth stop (Hasselby Gard) - big
and little apartment buildings .
● f) Fifth Last stop (Hasselby Strand) - Trees
and lake
Enskede Stockholm
SWEDEN
• Gamla Enskede was created in 1904 to provide housing for workers, and is 2.94 square kilometers (1.14 sq mi). The architectural
type known as "the Enskede villa," with pointed roofs on wooden houses, originated in Gam.la Enskede. The streets are built to
look like a "typical English" garden city.
• Enskededalen consists mostly of detached housing which were built as a garden city in the 1920s.
Cité-jardin du Chemin-Vert
france
• In 1919, with Rheims in ruins after the ravages of the
First World War, Joseph Krug proposed the idea for
The Chemin-Vert Garden City.
• The Chemin Vert garden city was erected from
scratch on 45 hectares of land following the First
World War by the Foyer Rémois Construction was
placed in the hands of the Foyer Rémois agency that
was set up in 1912 by the industrialist Georges
Charbonneaux.
• The Garden City is among the Champagne Hillsides,
Houses and Cellars included on the UNESCO World
Heritage List
• Inspired by the tradition of social Catholicism, the
Garden City was built on the outskirts of the town
and is still today regarded as an example of its kind .
36 maisons sont construites pour les familles
nombreuses ouvrières. A total of 617 housing units of
14 different kinds were built in the form of small
houses, with occupation commencing in March 1922.
● A full range of social facilities was
put in place for residents: a day-
care centre for mothers and young
children, a community centre with
baths, a club, a library, a party
room ... two shopping centres, a
butchers, a bakers and school
facilities for 1,200 children.

● The church, which is classified as a

historic monument, commenced
construction in 1923 and features
decoration by great artists of the
period: Maurice Denis, René
Lalique, Gustave Jaulmes.

Map of the Chemin Vert in relation to

the agglomeration of Reims
Letchworth
GARDEN CITY
• o Letchworth- 35 miles from london.
• Land of 3822 acres.
• Reserved green belt- 1300 acres.
• Designed for maximum of 35000 populationo
• In 30years-developed with 15000 population and
150 shops, industries
• Letchworth is a independent city with a complete
municipal life of its own.
• It is an industrial city with all the functions and
activities of a selfcontained community.
• It is planned as home for all kind of industries
with facilities of cheaplight, power, power, fuel
and watero Letchworth is meant for all lasses of
people, the workers and the owner
Welwyn
• Welwyn- 24 miles from London.
• land of 2378 acres.o designed for a maximum of
40000population.
• In 15 years-developed with 10000 population and 50
shops, industries
• Welwyn garden city was the second garden city in
England (founded 1920) and one of thefirst new
towns (designated1948).
• tI is unique in being both garden city and a new town
and exemplifies the physical, social and cultural
planning ideas