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Sewage Water: Organic Waste Inorganic Waste

This document describes the procedure for determining the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of an industrial wastewater sample. COD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to oxidize organic compounds in water. The procedure involves preparing a standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) and then using it to back-titrate the sample that has been reacted with potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid. The COD value is calculated based on the volume of FAS consumed in the back-titration and provides a quantitative measure of organics in wastewater that can be used to monitor treatment plant efficiency.

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167 views13 pages

Sewage Water: Organic Waste Inorganic Waste

This document describes the procedure for determining the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of an industrial wastewater sample. COD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to oxidize organic compounds in water. The procedure involves preparing a standard solution of ferrous ammonium sulfate (FAS) and then using it to back-titrate the sample that has been reacted with potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid. The COD value is calculated based on the volume of FAS consumed in the back-titration and provides a quantitative measure of organics in wastewater that can be used to monitor treatment plant efficiency.

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DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) OF

THE GIVEN INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER SAMPLE


Sewage water

Organic waste

Inorganic waste
DETERMINATION OF CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD) OF
THE GIVEN INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER SAMPLE
• The amount of oxygen in milligram required to oxidize
chemically oxidizable impurities present in one Liter of water
sample using strong oxidizing agent is called COD

• The amount of dissolved oxygen consumed by the


microorganisms to oxidize organic matter, present in one liter of
water sample at 20 °C for five days.

Significance of COD

• The chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a measure of water


and wastewater quality.

• The COD test is often used to monitor water treatment plant


efficiency.
PART 1: Preparation of standard Ferrous Ammonium Sulfate
(FAS) solution
Weight of Weighing bottle + weight of FAS = W1g
Weight of Weighing bottle = W2g
Weight of FAS = ……g

• Take known weight of Mohr's salt in 250 ml volumetric


flask.
• Add half test tube of dilute sulphuric acid and dissolve the
crystals.
• Dilute the solution with ion exchange water up to the
mark
Refluxing
Determination of COD
Burette: Standard FAS solution

Conical flask: 25 cm3 of waste water sample + 10 cm3 of standard


potassium dichromate solution + 1 test tube of 1:1
H2SO4+ HgCl2 + Ag2SO4
Cr6+ + 3Fe2+  3Fe3+ + Cr3+
Indicator: 2-3 drops of ferroin
HgCl2 + 2Cl-  [HgCl4]2-

End Point: Blue green to reddish brown

K2Cr2O7

FAS

Reddish brown Pale Blue


Observation
Calculation

C= Blank Titer value


B= Back Titer value (volume of FAS consumed)
Write Up
Tittle
Aim
Part I: Preparation of standard FAS solution
…………g of FAS dissolved in 250 ml of water
containing 10 ml Dilute H2SO4
NFAS=
Part II: Estimation of COD
Burette: Standard FAS solution
Blank Titration: Conical flask:
Back Titration: Conical flask:
Indicator:
End point:
Tabular column, Calculation and Result
Problems on COD
Possible questions from the estimation of Chemical oxygen demand

1. Write the procedure involved in the estimation of chemical oxygen demand


2. Why dilute sulfuric acid is added in the preparation of standard FAS solution
3. Explain the mechanism involved in the colour change of ferroin during the the estimation of
chemical oxygen demand
4. Define Blank and Back titration
5.Write the structure of Ferroin indicator
6. What is the ligand present in Ferroin indicatior
7. What is the oxidation number of iron in Ferroin
8.Name the indicator used in the estimation of chemical oxygen demand
9. What is the colour of Ferroin
10.What is the role of HgCl2 in the estimation of chemical oxygen demand
11.What is the role of Ag2SO4 in the estimation of chemical oxygen demand
12.What is the colour of Cr2(SO4)3
13. Define COD and BOD
14. COD value is always higher than BOD. Justify

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