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6.3-Basic Elements of A Research

This document outlines the parts and guidelines for writing a research report. It discusses the typical sections like an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. It provides details on the preliminary sections such as the title page and abstract. It also describes the final sections including references, appendices, and acknowledgments. The document provides guidance on writing each section and ensuring the report is coherent, consistent, and references all sources cited.

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John Paul Liwaliw
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52 views23 pages

6.3-Basic Elements of A Research

This document outlines the parts and guidelines for writing a research report. It discusses the typical sections like an introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion. It provides details on the preliminary sections such as the title page and abstract. It also describes the final sections including references, appendices, and acknowledgments. The document provides guidance on writing each section and ensuring the report is coherent, consistent, and references all sources cited.

Uploaded by

John Paul Liwaliw
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MODULE 6:

THE NATURE OF
RESEARCH
PREPARED BY: ENGR. JONAYKA A. TAPIADOR
MODULE CONTENT
A. DEFINITION OF RESEARCH
B. FACTS ABOUT RESEARCH
C. FALLACIES ABOUT RESEARCH
D. TYPES OF RESEARCH

E. BASIC ELEMENTS OF RESEARCH

2
BASIC ELEMENTS
OF A RESEARCH

3
TOPIC CONTENT
✘ PARTS OF A RESEARCH REPORT
✘ SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH REPORT

4
PARTS OF A RESEARCH REPORT
1. THE BODY
2. THE PRELIMINARY PORTION
3. THE FINALE PORTION

5
1. THE BODY
A body of a research report
should contain the:
✘ Problem
✘ Review of Literature
✘ Research Procedure
✘ Findings
✘ Recommendations or Implications
Theses or dissertations have
these general parts although specific
headings could be different.
6
1. THE BODY

The body of a thesis or


dissertation that involves non-
technical or nonexperimental
research may be arranged as
follows:

7
1. THE BODY
For theses or
dissertations that are technical
or experimental, the chapters
and sub-chapters can be:

8
2. THE PRELIMINARY PORTION

The preliminary portion (before the


body) whether technical or non-technical,
may have the following:

9
3. THE FINALE PORTION

The end portion (after the


body) may be composed of the
following:

10
TOPIC CONTENT
✘ PARTS OF A RESEARCH REPORT
✘ SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH REPORT

11
SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING
THE RESEARCH REPORT
Research reports, whether for
quantitative or qualitative studies, have
the same general parts: problem, review of
literature, research procedure, findings,
recommendations or implications.
Let us take a look at some of the
elements presented.

12
SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH
REPORT

✘ THE ABSTRACT
The abstract is a concise summary of the study containing a
brief introduction, methods, results and conclusions (Fraenkal, et al.,
2012). It may contain recommendations and implications. The abstact
help the reader ascertain quickly the substance of the study.

13
SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH
REPORT

✘ RESULTS/FINDINGS
This portion presents the findings of the study, usually
organized following or according to the stated specific problems (or
sub-questions); Tables, equations, charts, and figures can be used to
show results in a concise manner (Fraenkal, et al., 2012).

14
SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH
REPORT

✘ DISCUSSION
The Discussion portion comes after the Results portion,
although these two can be put together. The Discussion portion is
where the researcher ‘goes beyond the data and results’; that is, the
researcher states the broader implications of the findings (Fraenkal, et
al., 2012).

15
SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH
REPORT

✘ CONCLUSIONS
Conclusions are general statements based on the results or
findings, which provide answers to the research problem (Lodico, et al.,
2010). A separate section outlining the main conclusions of the project
is appropriate if conclusions have not already been stated in the
‘Discussion’ section.

16
SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH
REPORT

✘ RECOMMENDATIONS
Recommendations are practical and specific suggestions that
arise from the results and/or conclusions. Directions for future work are
also suitably expressed here. Recommendations may be listed in order
of priority.

17
SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH
REPORT

✘ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the Acknowledgement portion, the author expresses
appreciation to individuals or groups that helped in the completion of
the study. In some reports, acknowledgements section is found at the
end portion.

18
SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH
REPORT

✘ LITERATURE CITED
The Literature Cited contains references or sources that have
been cited in the research report. Unlike a bibliography, which contains
all references used, the Literature Cited includes only those that have
been cited in the report (Lodico, et al., 2010). The citations should be
complete, consistent and accurate.

19
SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH
REPORT

✘ APPENDICES
The Appendices contain materials that could enhance the
veracity and quality of the research report. All appendices should be
referred to in the text of the research report (Lodico, et al., 2010).
Examples are letters of transmittal, copies of questionnaires or
interview protocols, numerical computations, or raw data.

20
SOME GUIDELINES IN WRITING THE RESEARCH
REPORT

✘ BIBLIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH
The Bibliographical Sketch is a concise summary of the life of
the researcher, especially involving academic achievement.

21
THANK YOU!
All modules are complete…

22
REFERENCES
✘ Methods of Research: A Simplified Guide by MABLubrica, JVLubrica & MTSajise (2020)
✘ https://unsplash.com/
✘ https://pixabay.com/

23

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