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Fluids - Electrolytes Nclex

Fluid and electrolyte

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89 views2 pages

Fluids - Electrolytes Nclex

Fluid and electrolyte

Uploaded by

Dil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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I.

FLUID AND ELECTROLYTES

FLUID & ELECTROLYTES


Please note that all normal ranges for blood tests will depend on the lab performing
the test. The normal values listed in this book are to be used as reference only.

A. Fluid Volume Excess/Hypervolemia:

• Define: Too much fluid in the ___________________ ________________.

1. Causes:

a. Heart Failure (HF): Heart is __________, Cardiac Output _______,


Kidney perfusion _____________, Urinary Output __________.
*The volume stays in the ____________________ ________________.

b. Renal Failure (RF): Kidneys aren’t ____________________________.

c. Three things with a lot of sodium:


Rx 1) Effervescent soluble medications
2) Canned/processed foods
Rx 3) IVF with sodium

2. Hormonal Regulation of Fluid Volume:

Rx a. Aldosterone (steroid, mineralocorticoid):

• Where is aldosterone found? ______________ ___________

• Normal action: When blood volume gets low (vomiting,


hemorrhage, etc.)
Aldosterone secretion increases  retain sodium/water
blood volume goes _________.
**Diseases with too much aldosterone:
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
**Disease with too little aldosterone:
__________________________________________

b. Anti-diuretic Hormone (ADH):

• Normally makes you retain or diurese? ____________________

• Retain __________________________

A CLINICAL JUDGMENT APPROACH | STUDENT MANUAL 1


TWO ADH PROBLEMS
FLUID & ELECTROLYTES

Too Much ADH Not Enough ADH

Retain _________________________ Lose (diurese) _______________


Fluid Volume ___________________ Fluid Volume ________________
SIADH DI _________________________
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Diabetes Insipidus
Secretion
(TOO MANY ________________,
TOO MUCH _________________)
Urine ______________________ Urine _______________________
Blood ______________________ Blood ______________________

*Concentrated makes the #s go up


Urine specific gravity, sodium,
and hematocrit
*Dilute makes the #s go down

• ADH is found in the ______________.

• Key words to make you think potential ADH problem:


craniotomy, head injury, sinus surgery, transsphenoidal
hypophysectomy, or any condition that can lead to an
increased ICP can lead to an ADH problem.

• Trans-______________________________, sphenoid _______________,


hypophysis ______________, ectomy _____________________________

Rx *Another name for anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is vasopressin


(Pitressin®). The drug vasopressin (Pitressin®) or desmopressin
acetate (DDAVP®) may be utilized as an ADH replacement in
diabetes insipidus.

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