International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 1(3), Jun. 2017.

168-174
(pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479)
168

Technical Analysis of Kort Nozzle Application

for SPOB Ship 4990 DWT on River
Tony Bambang Musriyadi1, Amiadji2 and Bayu Sukma Cahyono3.

Abstractpropeller is a locomotor shaped vanes are used to drive ships, and also propellers which serves to move tehaga
by changing the turning force of the propeller thrust menggerakakan into the vessel. In increasing the value of the thrust to
be generated that is by applying the kort nozzle propeller. The method used in this study using CFD (Computional Fluid
Dynamic), and the variation is from the conventional propeller models, with a kort nozzle propeller type kort nozzle type
19A and 37. Based on the findings that the kort nozzle propeller with the addition of the value of the thrust , propeller
efficiency and torque generated. The driving force value is by using kort nozzle propeller type 37 amounted to 349.27 kN.

Keywordskort nozzle, SPOB, thrust

Many technologies boats that have been created to
I. INTRODUCTION1 solve the problem, for example the use of Water Jet
propulsion system and Azipod system [10]. But the

S POB (Self Propeller Oil Barge) is shaped pontoon

technology less attractive because the cost of purchasing
and maintenance (Maintenance) is relatively high. So the
ship innovating technology experts to implement ducted
tanker which has its own propulsion system. Differences
SPOB ship with Oil Barge is located on the propulsion technology called "Kort nozzle" [3].
system, if the ship SPOB has its own propulsion system, Kort Nozzle itself been many shipowners due to the
while the Oil Barge vessel has no propulsion system of terms of the purchase costs and lower maintenance
its own, but drawn using Tug Boat. dibandingakan with other propulsion technologies. Kort
Most ships SPOB using propeller propulsion system, Nozzle propeller itself is a wrapper in the form of plate-
but the system has a weakness in the fluid flow to the shaped foil. The working principle of the Kort nozzle is a
propeller. Where the hull shape SPOB shaped pontoon concentrated stream of water flowing into the propeller
Flat Bottom with a recess in the stern resulting fluid flow so as to maximize the water to be absorbed by the
only dominated from the Bottom. So that the propeller propeller. It aims to maximize the work so that the
rotation efficiency decreases and affects the resulting propeller thrust generated is also maximized.
thrust force [1][4].
SPOB ship today not only operates on the high seas,
but also in some rivers in Indonesia, due to the Offshore II. LITERATURE REVIEW
activity is now focused not only on the high seas.
However, there is a government regulation number 52 of Kort Nozzle or Nozzle is in the form of protective
2012 which states that vessels operating on rivers in propeller-shaped plate Foil. Function of Nozzle is
Indonesia maximum boat speed of 10 km / h or can be of improving and centralizing the flow of water flowing
5.39 knots. This is exactly what makes the Owner to into the propeller so as to maximize the water is sucked
innovate not use large-capacity Main Engine but get propeller. It aims to maximize the work so that the
maximum thrust, so that the desired speed is reached [5]. propeller thrust generated is also maximized. The

Figure 1. Income water flow diagram and Comparison chart performance compared Kort Nozzle Open Propeller (Henderson, 1963)

Tony Bambang Musriyadi, Department of Marine Engineering, efficiency of the force generated will be maximized if
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia, the water dpat Nozzle pass freely without hindrance. In
Email : tobal@its.ac.id principle, the nozzle can be used any kind of fast
Amiadji, Department of Marine Engineering, Institut Teknologi
Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia, Email:
boats.[2]
amiadji@yahoo.com Kort Nozzle often used for inland vessels, Suction
Bayu Sukma Cahyono, Department of Marine Engineering, Hopper, Dredger, Tug Boat, Fishing Ship and boat
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia, SPOB. Advantages and disadvantages of Fixed or
Email: bayusukmacahyono.14@gmail.com
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 1(3), Jun. 2017. 168-174
(pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479)
169
Controllacle Pitch Propeller is the same as the Kort D. Torque
nozzle propeller wear or not to wear it. In terms impetus Ability twist given to an object, causing the object
same figure can be given with a small diameter Kort rotates is called torque. Torque or moment of force is the
nozzle [6]. product of the force and the moment arm[8]. Can also be
written by the equation:
A. Force Drag and Force Lift (7)
Voltage multiplied by each area in which they will
work to produce force. While the number of these forces So that the torque acting on a blade based on the
on a piece must remain in balance. Another component equations 6 and 7 are as follows:
of the intensity of the forces acting parallel to the plane Q = (Flift sin ϴ + Fdrag cos ϴ) x r (8)
of the elementary area [8]. Components of the intensity
of this force called shear teganga. This is denoted by τ.
Mathematically defined as follows:
E. Propeller Efficiency
(1) Propeller Efficiency is the ratio of thrust to the force
supplied, a power conversion efficiency and value
So as to obtain a mathematical formula frictional forces, differences that occur are located in which the propeller
equation 1 can be written as follows: torque measurement is done. The measurements were
carried out on the open water [7]. The equation below
F=τxA (2) shows the efficiency of the propeller, as follows:
Meanwhile, to get lift mathematical formula, equation 1
can be written as follows: (9)
F=PxA (3)

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

B. Thrust
The driving force of the ship is an important At this stage of data analysis in the form of process
component, which is used to overcome the resistance or modeling and simulation at the kort nozzle propeller and
drag vessels. In ideal conditions, the amount of thrust its discussion. First, there will be described the process
required may be the same as the drag is happening on the of making a model of the data obtained. Then in the next
ship[8]. Thurst mathematical formula can be drawn from sub-chapter will do the simulation process using Ansys
the blade element momentum theory. Thrust force software (CFD). The results of the simulation process
equation can be written as follows: will be used as a parameter to select the type kort nozzle
fatherly effective for SPOB 4990 DWT ships.
F = Flift cos ϴ - Fdrag sin ϴ (4)
A. Key Data Ships
The main data needed to draw the model and
C. Blade Element Momentum Theory
simulated in these experiments is:
Blade element momentum theory is a theory that
Data Propeller
combines blade element theory and the theory of
Propeller type : NOZP
momentum, is used to calculate the forces acting on the
Rotation : Right
vane or turbine [11]. Blade element theory combined
Number of Blades :4
with the theory of momentum to alleviate some of the
Diameter : 2000 mm
difficulties in calculating the speed of the rotor caused,
Material type : Bronze
see figure 1 [9].
Rpm : 293
Skew : 4.6 Deg
The equation used for the forces acting on the blade
Rake Of GL Aft : 7 Deg
are as follows:
Fϴ = FL cos ϴ - FD sin ϴ (5)
Fz = FL sin ϴ + FD cos ϴ (6)
Dimensions of Ship

Figure 1. Income water flow diagram and Comparison chart performance compared Kort Nozzle Open Propeller (Henderson, 1963)
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 1(3), Jun. 2017. 168-174
(pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479)
170
Loa : 90.4 m B. Simulation Process using Ansys Software (CFD)
Breatdh : 24.0 m At this stage we discuss data simulation ship using
Depth : 5.5 m CFD software, there are some steps done that redesign
Draft : 3.9 m propeller (a), redesign kort nozzle (b), geometry (c),
Vs : 6 knots boundry (d), meshing (e), solver manager (f), and post
DWT : 4990 ton processing (g). Figure 2-4 displays ship data simulation
from a-g and Table 1 shows the value of area, pressure,
and wall shear ship data simulation results from CFD
software.

(a) (b)

Figure 2. redesign propeller(a), redesign kort nozzle(b)

(c) (d)

Figure 3. geometry (c), boundry (d)

(e) (f) ) (g)

Figure 4. meshing (e), solver manager (f), and post processing (g)
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 1(3), Jun. 2017. 168-174
(pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479)
171
TABLE 1.
DATA SIMULATION RESULTS PROPELLER
Size
Types of Area Pressure Wall shear
meshing
propeller (m2) (pa) (pa)
(mm)
Face 6,628 36321 1828
70
Back 6,747 28479 1945

Non Nozzle
Propeller
Face 6,615 35864 1570
50
Back 6,746 19950 1719
Face 6,602 34951 1208
30
Back 6,668 12950 1419
Face 6,628 39183 2362
70
Back 6,747 31663 2688
Nozzle 19A
Propeller

Face 6,615 39048 2104

50
Back 6,746 23134 2253
Face 6,602 38135 1543
30
Back 6,668 17134 1742
Face 6,628 45763 2707
70
Back 6,747 26503 2474
Nozzle 37
Propeller

Face 6,615 41413 2216

50
Back 6,746 20935 2173
Face 6,602 38714 1797
30
Back 6,668 16752 1964

C. Data Calculation
At this stage will display the results of calculation of value of thrust each meshing size for each model kort
the value of data in the form of a lift force and drag force nozzle. Data calculation results are presented in Table 2,
on the face and back area, calculating the value of thrust, and for percentage difference between the value of thrust
torque, and efficiency propeller. And followed by presented in Table 3.
calculation of the percentage difference between the

TABLE 2.
DATA CALCULATION RESULTS OF LIFT, DRAG, THRUTS, TORQUE AND EFFICIENCY PROPELLER
Size
Types of Total Total Thrust Torque Efficiency
Meshing
Propeller Lift Drag (kN) (kNm) Propeller
(mm)
Non Nozzle

70 432883,401 25238,899 412,69 84,23 0.497

Propeller

50 371823,064 21981,924 354,40 72,06 0,495

30 317097,101 17437,108 302,57 62,72 0,485

70 473335,185 33791,272 449,70 86,13 0,525

Nozzle 19A
Propeller

50 414364,484 29116,698 393,79 75,83 0,522

30 366016,782 24523,288 348,14 68,14 0,514

70 482132,905 35308,774 457,83 86,85 0,530

Nozzle 37
Propeller

50 412174,505 29317,898 394,52 75,84 0,523

30 367292,164 24959,746 349,27 68,03 0,516

D. Data Calculation Graph Chart to be displayed is a graph of the lift and drag on
The data analyzed in the previous section will then be any model is presented in Figure 5, a graph comparison
put in the form of graphs, so that later it can be of the value of thrust and size meshing in Figure 6, as
concluded the characteristics of each model has been well as a comparison chart an efficiency propeller and
simulated. thrust values in Figure 7. And comparison chart Thrust
value and torque in Figure 8.
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 1(3), Jun. 2017. 168-174
(pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479)
172

TABLE 3.
CALCULATION RESULT PERCENTAGE DIFFERENCE VALUE THRUST
Size Meshing Thrust Propeller Non Thrust Propeller Nozzle 37
Types of Propeller Persentase (%)
(mm) Nozzle (kN) (kN)

Nozzle 37 & Non Nozzle

70 412,69 457,83 10,69
Propeller

50 354,40 394,52 12,22

30 302,57 349,27 15,96

70 412,69 449,70 9,09

Nozzle 19&
Non Nozzle
Propeller

50 354,40 393,70 11,09

30 302,57 348,14 12,90

Nozzle 37 & Nozzle 19 A

70 457,83 449,70 1,46

Propeller

50 394,52 393,70 1,01

30 349,27 348,14 2,70

(a) (b)

(c)
Figure 5. Graph Lift & Drag Propeller
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 1(3), Jun. 2017. 168-174
(pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479)
173

Figure 6. Graph Comparison of the Thrust Value and Size Meshing

Propeller efficiency

Figure 7. Graph Comparison of the Thrust Value and Propeller Efficiency

Figure 8. Graph Comparison of the Thrust Value and Torque

E. Validation Simulation • Kort Nozlle 37

Based on research that has been done is the comparison Cross-sectional shape that straight line only in the
kort nozzle 19 A to 37 in terms of fabrication and middle and large camber on the front and rear will make
functional, as follows: fabrication easier. Because bending great on the front
• Kort Nozzle 19 camber (Leading Edge) and rear camber (Trailing Edge).
In the fabrication process is seen from the surface of Based on the functional states that the type kort nozzle
the straight line in the middle and identical straight on 37 better to nudge forward and backward, because that
the back, making it easier to bend fabrication because construction of a kort nozzle 37 is large chamber at the
only in the front chamber (Leading Edge). front and rear. Kort nozzle with type 37 is also better for
the performance of a big push for low propeller rotation.
International Journal of Marine Engineering Innovation and Research, Vol. 1(3), Jun. 2017. 168-174
(pISSN: 2541-5972, eISSN: 2548-1479)
174
IV. CONCLUSION

From the simulation results and analysis in the

previous chapter stated that the smaller meshing the
value of thrust and efficiency of propeller produced has a
high degree of accuracy, and it can be concluded that the
value of thrust and efficiency of the propeller that does
not use a nozzle that has a thrust of 302 kN and
efficiency propeller 0.485, with the propeller thrust
nozzle 19A has a value of 348.14 with a propeller
efficiency value of 0, 514 and propeller with a nozzle 37
have the value of efficiency propeller thrust 349.27 with
0.516.
The results of the simulation and analysis already done
that type of nozzle propeller with 37 more recommended
on SPOB 4990 DWT vessels in waters of the river
because it has a propeller thrust and better efficiency.

REFERENCES

[1] SPOB (Self Propeller Oil Barge),2016. /SPOB - Wikipedia, the

free encyclopedia.htm. Tanggal 29 Juli 2016. Pukul 09.00
[2] Oil Barge and Marine Kort Nozzle,2016.
http://www.splashmaritime.com.au/Marops/data/less/Mano/Kort%
20nozzels.htm. Tanggal 31 Juli 2016. Pukul 13.00
[3] Ship Knowledgement Modern Encyplodia., (2010). Propulsion
and Steering Gear, Chapter 12
[4] Widyanto,”Analisa Aliran pada Ducted Propeller dengan
Pendekatan CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)”, Jurusan
Teknik Sistem Perkapalan, Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan, Institut
Teknologi Sepeluh Nopember Surabaya, 2012.
[5] Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia Nomor PM.
52,”Alur-Pelayaran Sungai dan Danau”, 2012.
[6] Sv. Aa Harvald, 1992, Tahanan dan Propulsi Kapal, Airlangga
University, Press Surabaya.
[7] 1999, ITTC, “Propulsion, Propulser Open Water Test,” dalam
International Towing Tank Conference, Seoul/Shanghai, 2002.
[8] E. Popov, Mekanika Teknik, Jakarta: Erlangga, 1989
[9] E. Kulunk, Aerodynamics of Wind Turbines, fundamental and
Advance Topics in Wind Power, InTech, 2011.
[10] A. Santoso, J. Prananda, A. Amiadji, E. Jadmiko, and I. A.
Murtadha, “Flat Top Barge 300 feet Using Portable Dynamic
Positioning System,” Int. J. Mar. Eng. Innov. Res., vol. 1, no. 2,
Mar. 2017.
[11] M. Mukhtasor, T. B. Musriyadi, I. S. Arief, and A. W. C. Saputra,
“Horizontal Pendulum Performance Analysis with Multilevel
Model Plate on Ocean Wave Electric Power Plant (PLTGL),” Int.
J. Mar. Eng. Innov. Res., vol. 1, no. 2, Mar. 2017.