Assessing Children's Pain: R-Flacc Pain Rating Scale For Children With Developmental Disability
Assessing Children's Pain: R-Flacc Pain Rating Scale For Children With Developmental Disability
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Face No expression or smile Occasional grimace or frown, Frequent to constant frown, clenched jaw,
withdrawn, disinterested; quivering chin; distressed looking face;
appears sad or worried expression of fright or panic
Individualised behaviour described by family:
Legs Normal position Uneasy, restless, tense; Kicking, or legs drawn up; marked increase in
or relaxed; usual muscle occasional tremors spasticity; constant tremors or jerking
tone and motion to arms Individualised behaviour described by family:
and legs
Activity Lying quietly, normal Squirming, shifting back and Arches, rigid, or jerking; severe agitation; head
position, moves easily; forth, tense or guarded banging; shivering (not rigors); breath holding,
regular rhythmic breaths movements; mildly agitated gasping, or sharp intake of breaths; severe
(respiration) (head back and forth, splinting
aggression); shallow, splinting Individualised behaviour described by family:
breaths (respirations);
occasional sighs
Cry No cry (awake or asleep) Moans or whimpers, Crying steadily, screams or sobs, frequent
occasional complaint; complaints; repeated outbursts; constant
occasional verbal grunting
outburst or grunt Individualised behaviour described by family:
Consolability Content, relaxed Reassured by occasional Difficult to console or comfort; pushing away
touching, hugging, or "talking caregiver; resisting care or comfort measures
to"; Can be distracted Individualised behaviour described by family:
The revised FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) is a behavioural pain assessment scale for use with
children unable to self-report their level of pain due to developmental disabilities. Rate the child in each of the five
measurement categories, add together, and document total pain score (0 – 10).
Children who are awake: Observe for at least 1-2 minutes. Observe legs and body uncovered. Reposition patient
or observe activity, assess body for tenseness and tone. Initiate consoling interventions if needed.
Children who are asleep: Observe for at least 2 minutes or longer. Observe legs and body uncovered. If possible,
reposition the patient. Touch the body and assess for tenseness and tone.
The revised FLACC can be used for all non-verbal children. The additional descriptors (in italics) are descriptors
validated in children with cognitive impairment. The nurse can review with parents/caregivers the descriptors
within each category. Ask the parents/caregivers if there are additional behaviours that are better indicators of
their child experiencing pain. Add these behaviours to the tool in the appropriate category.
Revised FLACC (r-FLACC) Behavioural Scale ©2002, The regents of the University of Michigan