How To Make A Smart Campus - Smart Campus Programme in IIT Delhi
How To Make A Smart Campus - Smart Campus Programme in IIT Delhi
net/publication/284027749
CITATIONS READS
8 12,278
2 authors:
Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:
All content following this page was uploaded by Arpan Kumar Kar on 17 November 2015.
Report
Background
The idea of “Smart Campus” came out of the recent attention given to ‘Smart Cities’ world over and
also with GoI announcing the development of 100 smart cities which essentially are aimed at
deployment of internet based applications, content management platforms and broadband
infrastructures in every sphere of public systems (such as healthcare, media, energy and the
environment, safety, and public services).
Academic campuses, essentially for people who are expected to be engaged in intellectual progress,
knowledge creation and guiding societies for better living, could also embody principles of a smart
campus. A typical smart campus would have three pillars: infrastructure, operations and, of course,
people. Each of these pillars would be infused with intelligence, but more importantly they would
work in an interconnected and integrated fashion to utilise resources efficiently. Such a campus could
incorporate the ‘Future of Internet’ involving Internet of Things and sensor technologies as the main
facilitators of smart infrastructure.
IIT Delhi campus can be easily described by its community consisting of students, teachers and staff
and their family; who live together in a campus environment. It is largely a community of individuals
who come to stay together with a promise of nurturing an academic/ learning environment and evolve
to be responsible citizens, scholars and leaders. It occupies an area of around 320 acres with a resident
population of nearly 13000+. This includes 7000+ students and 6000+ members of faculty and staff
and their families. The campus is clearly a mini-city with its own multiple residential areas, shopping
areas, play areas, hospital, school etc. The fact that a number of citizen oriented services are
3
administered by a single authority i.e. Institute administration makes it an ideal location to carry out a
large number of experiments. Institute administration is responsible for providing and maintaining a
large number of typical municipal services including parking, water, sewage & drains, roads, garbage
collection and disposal, street lighting, security, maintaining greenery, network infrastructure
including wi-fi, limited transportation within the campus and even electric supply in large segments.
A techno-savvy, and relatively a very young adult population in the campus also make it an ideal
place to experiment with technology.
The success of IITD is gauged by the accomplishment of each individual which makes him/her a
proud member of the developing society. The fundamental principle of an academic campus is the
overwhelming opportunity one enjoys for intellectual progress and the obligation to conduct activities
in ways that help other citizens to do the same.
Smart campus @ IITD has been conceived in line with the national priorities. The purpose is to make
use of smart technologies in various aspects of IITD Campus to minimize waste of time and resources
and making them more effective.
Affordable
Maintainable
Resilient
facilities
Sustainable &
user friendly IIT Delhi Township
services
To some extent, campuses can be seen as micro model of “small cities”, raising similar issues and
concerns of a smaller ecosystem. This is an extraordinary opportunity to establish IIT Delhi as
reference model for, not only, improving quality of community living but also support creativity and
interdisciplinary collaboration in research. It may emerge as showcase and replicable model across
other educational campuses in the country.
A smart IITD campus should also have a forum of idea generation among students community on
regular basis that will also promote entrepreneurship culture.
So four (4) broad major objectives may be chosen to guide subsequent effort:
- List of services that a smart campus should provide
- Select those which are sustainable or enhance sustainability
- Involve students to foster entrepreneurship
- Research opportunities
A full blown Smart Campus @ IITD would truly be ‘more as a whole’ than the ‘sum of its parts’.
Idea Generation
First, a meeting of the committee was conducted which brought out some of the key points:
4
1. Campus Life: How to make the campus safe, secure, green, reduce noise and air pollution,
ensure maintenance of the campus and its buildings, make it disabled friendly etc. In this
activity, active participation of the students would be useful and desirable. It would help if an
SOP can be worked out for operation and maintenance of the campus infrastructure and
services. Mechanised cleaning needs to be introduced immediately in all open areas to reduce
the dust pollution.
2. Water and Power Audits: This will help us to identify the potential areas where savings can
be made in these scarce resources within the campus.
4. Review / Modify information flow: Procedures should be modified to reduce the time taken
in chasing approvals etc. All communications must finally be in electronic mode to save on
paper, manpower, and space and to make information retrieval faster.
Another issue of concern would be to define (in public domain) all the emergency procedures.
Emergency issues could be related to security and thefts, fire, medical emergency, water
logging or severe blockages etc.
6. Outsourcing where needed: Engagement of a professional firm to address the issue of toilets
and drinking water.
It was agreed to involve entire IIT Delhi fraternity into idea generation on various themes of smart
campus @IIT Delhi. A webpage of soliciting feedback was created which available during 17 August
to 6 September 2015. A crowd-sourcing model was adopted for idea generation for this initiative. On
the following aspects, ideas were solicited:
Also it was attempted to identify those would like to volunteer to be part of developing these ideas
further into projects and take part or lead the implementation. All suggestions had options like “I
would like to lead this further”, “Be part of the team to develop this further” and “No”.
The suggestions received from the faculty, students and staffs were also quite large in numbers. Total
338 suggestions were received, 208 suggestions from students and 130 from employees including
faculty and staff. These suggestions were consolidated into 85 categories based on objective
similarity. These suggestion categories were further analysed using the 'Impact-Complexity' Matrix
where mapping was done on the basis of Degree of Impact (Low-High) Vs Degree of Complexity
(Low-High). As a result, four quadrants were obtained i.e. 1) Low Impact & Low Complexity, 2) Low
Impact & High Complexity, 3) High Impact & Low Complexity and 4) High Impact & High
Complexity. Each quadrant has few smart campus suggestions based on impact and its complexity
which has been shown in Annexure 1. Based on this matrix, the smart campus initiatives have been
divided into three phases.
Some additional suggestions came forward during second meeting of the Smart Campus Committee
held on 5 October 2015. These are included in various phases suitably:
On the other hand, high impact & high complexity suggestion categories may include the
implementation of suggestions like smart cards enabling a cash free campus and digital wallets as well
as an integrated health system enabled through campus card (patient / doctors/ pharma). To improve
facilities & infrastructure, smart meter/panels for electricity consumption, intelligent water-free
bathrooms/toilets and smart parking facilities may be planned for. Further integration of information
7
of dept. & central library may be highly beneficial. In terms of e-governance, digitization &
integration of past official documents and paperless offices, online System for information retrieving /
tracking requests & approvals, dashboard for employee and students for enabling all services may be
planned. To enhance sustainability, projects like energy generation from the solid waste management,
solar water heaters installed in hostels and residences, shaded footpaths with solar panels on top,
regenerative systems across footpaths (generate power when people walk on the footpath) and waste
water management to prevent direct/indirect communicable diseases may be planned. These are some
of the key suggestions. Further a digital map of underground infrastructure (wirings, pipes) may need
to be created so that infrastructure development does not damage existing services.
GIS based portal of IIT Delhi campus (shown below)) developed by Civil Engineering department, is
already available with us (http://gisserver.civil.iitd.ac.in/walktoiitdelhi/). This can be used to add layer
of applications from the list shown in Annexure 1 & 2.
Details of the projects which may be undertaken in each of these Phases (Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase
3) are elaborated out in the Annexures 1-3.
Among the exhaustive list of activities, many of them are independent to each other (e.g.Cycle Dock,
Smart Digital displays, Sensor doors etc.). Rest others need to be integrated with IITD computing
8
infrastructure (e.g. network of sensors, CCTVs, Back office integration, Analytics & service access
via ‘Dashboard’).
Independent Integration
Network of
Cycle dock sensors, CCTV
etc
Dashboard
All those services where integration with IITD computing infrastructure is necessary will result in a
new technical architecture. There will be a layer of ‘Smart solutions’ over the existing set up. To
realise the above, laying a campus wide infrastructure of sensors of various types, will be necessary. It
would be prudent to leverage emerging technology in solar power, low-power processors, sensors,
smart cameras, smart meters and cloud computing to build powerful and reliable sensor nodes and
smart trees across the campus. It would be possible to deploy of various smart applications (viz.
monitoring water flow, electricity consumption and pollution etc.) and also provide wi-fi hot spots for
IITD community around key locations in the campus.
Once smart infrastructure put in place, will open up opportunities variety of research and innovation
across the campus. Faculty and students at all levels; UG, PG and PhD would be encouraged to come
up with ideas that can be tested as pilot projects using these sensors. They could target any domain
from security & surveillance to transportation to waste management. In fact such an infrastructure
could trigger innovation and solutions for future smart cities.
For users (students & employees), a mobile interface for all service should be conceived. This will
eventually drive complete integration of the back office systems (Academic, Accounts, Establishment
etc.). In view of this, role of ‘Computer Services Centre (CSC)’ with enhanced responsibility will
become extremely crucial and may appropriately be designated as ‘Smart Computing Services Centre
(SCSC)’.
The following architecture could be adopted to enable the plans of achieving a smart campus and
subsequent governance of the SMART initiatives. Such an architecture and governance may enable
seamless information interchange and enable the holistic governance of the projects.
9
Implementation Strategy
The following implementation strategy was adopted for the Smart Campus Initiative.
Phasing of the Projects: This has already been completed and all the suggestions have been
categorized into three phases based on its impact and implementation complexity.
Identifying Champions for Projects: Some of the potential champions have been identified.
Employees and students are identified who volunteered to lead these activities in the campus
are elaborated in Annexure 2.
Forming teams for Projects: For each activity, a team could be formed who are the expert in
those areas or who wants to be a part of that activity. Potential inputs are provided in
Annexure 2 from people who could provide support.
Project Implementation: Each team will need to do brain storming sessions over the
implementation of the particular projects. Further planning would be required for actual
implementation, in terms of process reengineering, vendor prequalification, technology
selection, implementation strategy formulation and change management plans.
Budgeting: Budget estimation also needs to be done by the implementing team. Further a
cost-benefit analysis may be conducted before selecting any project..
Seeking collaboration: Some collaboration might be required to accomplish the activity with
private firms and solution providers.
Project planning: Project pipeline, phases and deadlines could be set to achieve the target.
Progress monitoring would need to be done by the project implementation team.
Deployment: Deployment would need to address not only the implementation of the projects,
but also work-flow changes required, governance of projects and change management.
Monitoring: Post deployment monitoring could be required for maintenance and impact
assessment. ‘Benchmarking’ will help regular monitoring and maintenance.
Looking Beyond
The Smart Campus initiative would become a reference model for many organizations with residential
campuses in general and academic campuses in particular. This initiative would pave the path for
further research opportunities across domains like electronic governance, administration, internet of
things, smart technologies and process re-engineering, to name a few. This would also foster
collaboration through Public Private Partnership models for the deployment of solutions, which could
also empower entrepreneurship initiatives surrounding these smart technology enabled ecosystems. In
the days to come, successful implementation of the smart campus initiative would also improve the
IITD ecosystem in general, which may help in attracting foreign students and faculty members, and
thus affect the global rankings of IITD. Further, this could also enable formulation of sponsored
research projects and international collaboration with reputed organizations and government bodies
like European Union, DEITY (Good Governance scheme) and Waggle (University of Chicago),
where there is a strong mandate to explore knowledge creation for such “SMART Initiatives”.
Report prepared by Prof. MP Gupta and Dr. Arpan Kumar Kar, DMS, IIT Delhi
11
1. (A). This table contains the high impact suggestions, mapped with both low and high complexity of
implementation.
High Impact & Low complexity (PHASE 1) High Impact & High Complexity (PHASE 2)
1(B). The table below is highlighting the low impact category of suggestions with low and high complexity of
implementations.
Low Impact & Low complexity (PHASE 2) Low Impact & High Complexity (PHASE 3)
Request
Grouping Suggestions Impact Complexity count
Sustainability 3
Waste management (degradable vs non-degradable waste) High Low 1
Mechanised cleaning for all open areas to reduce the dust
pollution. High Low 1
Water Smart monitoring of Gas leakage in residences / flats High Low 1
Total 165
15
2B). Phase 2 Suggestions (Low Impact and Low Complexity; High Impact and High
Complexity)
Request
Grouping Suggestions Impact Complexity
count
Sustainability 11
Energy Derive energy from the solid waste management. High High 2
Solar water heaters or solar PV for hostels and residential area High High 1
Shaded footpaths with solar panels on top. High High 1
Regenerative systems across footpaths (generate power) High High 1
16
Total 140
17
Request
Grouping Suggestions Impact Complexity count
Sustainability 5
Energy Implement Bio Gas plant. Low High 2
Monitor carbon footprint of the campus (U Chicago Waggle
Environment project). Low High 2
Rainwater harvesting for all buildings on campus. Low High 1
Total 46
18
ANNEXURE 3
Miscellaneous Suggestions
These are the miscellaneous suggestions which are out of scope of smart campus but useful.
PHASE 1 PHASE 2
(High Impact & Low complexity) (High Impact &High Complexity)
PHASE 2 PHASE 3
(Low Impact & Low complexity) (Low Impact & High Complexity)