1 (Of the four plots shown below, which one appears to show the weakest relationship between two variables? On ow ow om ay)2. ‘The first plot below was created by plotting data collected on two variables. Then, the second plat was Created using the same data but with different units for the dependent variable. In the context of linear regression, which of the following best describes the differences between the two plots? Original units. New units, 8 8 ‘The slope of the linear relationship in the frst plot has @ larger absolute value, but the correlation coefficients for the two plots are the same. © The slope of the linear relationship in the first plot has a smaller absolute value, but the correlation coefficients for the two plots are the sare. © The correlation coefficient for the second plot has a smaller absolute value, but the slopes of the linear relationships in the two plots are the same. © Both the slopes and the regression coefficients are the same for the two plots. © The correlation coefficient for the second plot has a larger absolute value, but the slopes ofthe linear relationships in the two plots are the same.3 Fil in the blank: Residuals of inesr models should be cistributed nearly normally around @©o O the mean of y © the mean of 2 © the mean off (the predicted values) SY Correct This question refers to the following learning objectivets): + Define residual) as the difference between the observed (y) and predicted (f) values of the response variable. eB + Define the least squares line as the line that minimizes the sum of the squared residuals, and list conditions necessary for fitting such line: Alinearity 2. nearly normal residuals, 3. constant variability4 Sixteen student volunteers at Ohio State University drank a randomly assigned number beers. Thirty minutes later, a police officer measured their blood alcohol content (2AC) in grams of alcahol per deciliter of blood. The scatterplot displays the relationship between BAC and number of beers consumed. Suppose ‘a mistake was found in the data: the student who supposedly drank the highest number of beers (2 beers) actually only drank 6, His BAC was recorded correctly, In @ new scatterplot, how would the strength Of the association appear - compared to the strength of the association shown here? 88 "8 8 Ss] yet 2 4 6 28 umber of beers © Roughly the same as the strength of the association shown in the above scatterpot. © Weaker than the strength ofthe association shown inthe above scaterplot. O ‘Stronger than the strength ofthe association shown inthe above scatterplot. O ‘esimpossibe tote.5. Fora certain professional basketball team, 32% of the variabiliy in the teams points scored per game is. explained by the tata salary of the opposing team. For this particular tear, which of the following could be the correlation between their points scored per game and the salary of the opposing team? — VO32 = —0.566 0.32" 1 v0.32 = 0.434 © 10.32% ~ 0,998 SY conect This question refers to the following learning objective(s): Define R2 as the percentage of the variability in the response variable explained by the the explanatory variable. + For a good model, we would lke this number to be as close to 100% as possible + This value is calculated as the square of the correlation coefficient. Correlation coefficient is the square root of 2, both positive and negative values could be the correlation.colleague needs some help with a statistics problem: He brings you the plot shown below, along with a carrelation coefficient of 0.03 which he calculated himself. The plot shows two numerical variables which are obviously strongly related, and as a result your colleague is afraid he made a mistake calculating the correlation coefficient: that, he was surprised to get an answer so clase to 0. Given only this information, which of the following responses is the best to give your colleague? © Thecorrelation coefficient measures the strength of the linear relationship therefore two variables that have a strong non-linear association might stil havea low correlation coefficient. © ‘Your colleague must have made a mistake in his calculations. A much higher coreation coefficient is expected for variables that show a clear association.2 The linear model below is used for predicting poverty rate from high school graduation rate in the St states Jn the US (including DC). poverty — 64.68 — 0.62 HS grad rate High schoo! graduation rate for North Carolina is 81.4% and the poverty rate is 13.19%, What is the residual for this observation? Choose the closest answer. A snippet of the data matrixis provided below, pay attention to the scale af the data in solving this question: aC Cd Oo O ms Ou Which of the following best describes SST (sum of squares total) in a regression? © Explained variability in the response variable. O strength ofthe model ft. O Teta variability the explanatory variable. © otal variability inthe response variable © Unexplained variability in the response variable. SY Correct ‘Sum of squares total isthe total variability in the response variable.Based on a random sample of 170 married couples in Britain, a researcher finds that the relationship between the husbands’ and wives’ ages is described by the following equation: erige = 1.57 + 0.91 agenustana Which of the followings the best interpretation of the slope estimate? For each additional year increase of husband's age, we would expect the wife's age to be 0.91 years higher, on average. © For each additional year increase of wife's age, we would expect the husband's age to be 0.91 years higher, on average. O Most wives in Britain are 0.91 years younger than their husbands © onaverage, when a husband in Britain gets 1 year older, his wife only gets 0.91 years older.