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Measuring Instruments: Sine Bar & Slip Gage

The document discusses various types of measuring instruments used in manufacturing: surface plates, go/no-go gages, sine bars and slip gauges, calipers (vernier, dial, and digital), micrometers (caliper, bore, and depth), air gages, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and laser scanning arms. It also summarizes skills learned during a CNC machining training program such as reading technical drawings, CNC programming, and presentation skills.

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65 views8 pages

Measuring Instruments: Sine Bar & Slip Gage

The document discusses various types of measuring instruments used in manufacturing: surface plates, go/no-go gages, sine bars and slip gauges, calipers (vernier, dial, and digital), micrometers (caliper, bore, and depth), air gages, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), and laser scanning arms. It also summarizes skills learned during a CNC machining training program such as reading technical drawings, CNC programming, and presentation skills.

Uploaded by

the gray
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEASURING INSTRUMENTS

Surface plates:
 A surface plate is a flat surface used as a reference point for
vertical (Y-axis) measurements. They’re only useful if they’re
properly calibrated and maintain their shape impeccably. Because
of its smooth surface and low level of expansion and contraction
with temperature changes, granite is often the material of choice
for surface plates.
Go/No-Go Gage:
 Go/No-Go gages measure parts to ensure that they are within their
specified tolerances. The “no-go” portion represents one end of the
tolerance range, and the “go” portion represents the other.
 For example, in a plug gage, the “go” end should fit into the hole,
while the “no-go” end should not.
Sine bar & Slip Gage:

 A sine bar is used in conjunction with slip gauge blocks for precise
angular measurement. A sine bar is used either to measure an
angle very accurately or face locate any work to a given angle
offering a high degree of accuracy in measuring angles for milling,
grinding and inspection applications.
 The sine bar forms the hypotenuse of a right-angle triangle, while
the slip gauge blocks form the opposite side. The height of the slip
gauge block is found by multiplying the sine of the desired angle
by the length of the sine bar:  H = L * sin(θ).
Calipers:
 Calipers range broadly in shape, size and sophistication.
Regardless of type, calipers all measure using the same principle:
by allowing two opposing tips to rest at the beginning and end of a
distance being measured. The common protractor, used to
measure degrees, is also a type of caliper.

 Vernier calipers: First perfected in the 1600s, vernier calipers


consist of a flat bar along which two opposing tips slide. The
distance between the tips is measured using an accurately graded
scale.

 Dial calipers: Dial calipers function


similarly to Vernier calipers, but
display measurements on a simple
dial, making them easier to read.
 Digital calipers: Like dial
calipers, digital calipers offer an
easy-to-read display–in this case,
a digital screen.

Micrometer:
 Micrometers use a calibrated screw, connected to a scale that
moves as the screw is turned clockwise or counterclockwise. Many
micrometers look and function similarly to calipers, but they can
come in a variety of shapes.

 Caliper micrometer: General description of any micrometer made


up of two opposing parts joined by a frame; often similar in
appearance to Vernier calipers, but replacing the flat bar with a
screw.
 Bore micrometer: A micrometer attached to a bore gage, used to
measure the size and shape of holes.

 Depth

micrometer: A micrometer used to measure the depth of any


recess, hole or slot.

Air Gage:
 Air gages use pressurized air to measure the dimensions of an
object. They were first introduced in the 1940s, and have
undergone improvements to become one of the most trusted
precision measuring tools in machine shops. Air gages function by
shooting air out of a specifically calibrated nozzle, and recording
the rate at which the air returns to multiple sensing nozzles. Thus,
they are able to read the air flow between the measuring tool and
the object being measured.

Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM):


 Dating back to the 1950s, CMMs are mechanical devices designed
to automate various aspects of measurement. They are often
shaped like an upside-down “U,” with legs that move on either side
of a surface plate. The probe also moves side-to-side along the
bridge of the “U,” as well as up and down, allowing measurement
of X, Y and Z axes.

 CMMs vary widely when it comes to the “probe” component, or the


attachment that directly measures an object through contact or
proximity. Originally, all probes were mechanical, and recorded
coordinates through direct contact with a surface. Optical probes,
more recently developed, have a camera-like component that
scans images at specified coordinates, registering changes in
contrast within the image to determine accurate measurements.
 Modern probes use lasers or white light to scan objects, recording
thousands of data points at a time. This technology makes it
possible to integrate with CAD software and produce virtual 3D
models of parts with a high degree of accuracy.

Laser Scanning Arms:


 State-of-the-art machine shops can take metrology to the next
level with laser scanning arms. These devices, a type of portable
CMM, allow metrologists to measure a broad range of dimensions
simultaneously, and are capable of making millions of calculations
per second. More basic CMMs require time-consuming calibrations
and dozens of measurements, but laser scanning arms save time
by automatically taking measurements from thousands of points on
an object.

 Laser scanning arms are especially useful when a part needs to be


considered holistically–as in the case of reverse engineering, or
pinpointing a flaw of unknown origin.

SKILLS & TECHNIQUES LEARN DURING TRAINING

 Now, I can figure out any CNC machine from their codes &
working principles.

 Familiar with CNC machine structure & it’s working environment.

 I am able to read any kind of industrial drawing for the further


processes.

 I can figure out and coding & programing structure for obtain
perfect machining process.
 Used to with software’s of CNC machining.

 Improving presentation skills.

 Being able to find any stuff related to CNC from the WEB.

CONCLUSION

 CNC machining offers a reliable solution for rapidly manufacturing


the parts. The current approach, using an indexable tool, managed
to eliminate multiple set-ups of the workpiece.

 The visibility programme is an effective method to identify


orientations for finishing operations. However, performing roughing
operations within a finishing orientation sets tends to constrain the
roughing task and causes several inefficiencies.

 This study overcomes this constraint by formulating an alternative


method to find optimum orientations for roughing operations.
Implementing four roughing orientations reduced machining time
and tool contact length.

 This approach is considered as a feasible solution to optimize the


process. The present study makes several noteworthy
contributions in the rapid production of end-user products.

 Particularly, in low volume productions, the roughing processes


can be improved using the optimum cutting orientations proposed
from this research. Minimizing the fabrication time will increase
production rates.

 Moreover, the roughing strategy is also capable of controlling the


tool contact length which results in longer cutting tool life.
Ultimately, all these will drive the production cost lower and make
CNC machining a viable process for RM.

 Future work will emphasize coding and programming that operates


within the CAD system to create an automatic system and achieve
the goal of rapid manufacturing.

 At lastly, I was present PPT on the topic of MCU (Machine Control


Unit). That was our last evaluation for the training.

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