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Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

This document discusses key concepts in human culture, society, and politics. It defines culture as the way of life learned and transmitted between generations, including achievements in arts, sciences, and technology. It also discusses human cultural variation in nationality, ethnicity, and ethnocentrism. The document then defines society as a group with common interaction and culture, and discusses social differences related to sex, gender, socioeconomic class, and political identity. It concludes by defining politics as the process of group decision making and governance over a state.

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Andrea Ibañez
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492 views5 pages

Understanding Culture, Society and Politics

This document discusses key concepts in human culture, society, and politics. It defines culture as the way of life learned and transmitted between generations, including achievements in arts, sciences, and technology. It also discusses human cultural variation in nationality, ethnicity, and ethnocentrism. The document then defines society as a group with common interaction and culture, and discusses social differences related to sex, gender, socioeconomic class, and political identity. It concludes by defining politics as the process of group decision making and governance over a state.

Uploaded by

Andrea Ibañez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IMUS UNIDA CHRISTIAN SCHOOL

Quality. Christian. Education. 12

Understanding Culture,
Society and Politics

LESSON 1: Human Cultural Variation, Social


Differences, Social Change and Political
Identities
CULTURE
 Culture is defined as the way of life of a people that is
learned and transmitted from generation to generation.

 Also defined as the sum total of man’s achievement in arts,


sciences, and technology that will satisfy human needs.

Human Cultural Variation

 NATIONALITY- The identity that is tied to being part of a


nation or country.

 NATION- A “group of people who share the same history,


traditions and language.” Oftentimes inhabit a STATE.

 ETHNICITY- Smaller cultural groups (ethnic groups) that


share the specific environments, traditions, and histories
that are not necessarily subscribed to the mainstream
culture.

 ETHNOS –“group”, “nation”, “people”

 About 180 ethnic groups in the Philippines.


The variation in human conditions promotes diversity and
plurality in cultural traditions. This could lead to
discrimination and ostracism.

 ETHNOCENTRISM is perspective that promotes an individual's


culture as the most efficient and superior hence the
individual who exhibit ethnocentrism feels that his or her
culture is the most appropriate as compared to other
cultures.

 CULTURAL RELATIVISM promotes the perspective that cultures


must be understood in the context of their locality. Using
this perspective makes you tolerant of the differing
attitudes and practices of others

Variations Within Culture

 SUBCULTURE -A segment of society that shares distinctive


patterns of mores, folkways, and values which differ from
the pattern of larger society. A culture within a culture.

 COUNTER CULTURE- Group which values and norms are at odds


with or reject that of the mainstream society. E.g. Civil
Rights Movements; Modern Feminist Movements; Gay Rights
Movement ISIS; Abu Sayyaf.
SOCIETY

 According to sociologists, a society is a group of people


with common territory, interaction, and culture. Social
groups consist of two or more people who interact and
identify with one another.

Social Differences
1. SEX- “refers to the socially constructed roles,
behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given
society considers appropriate for men and women.” (WHO,
2013)
- refers to the biological characteristic of humans
such as male or female while gender categories are more
varied.
- LGBT– Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender
SEXUAL ORIENTATION/PREFERENCES
a. HETEROSEXUAL -Sexually attracted to a
b. person of the opposite sex.
c. HOMOSEXUAL -Of the same sex. Gay/lesbian
d. BISEXUAL -Attracted to both sexes.
e. ASEXUAL -Incapable of being attracted to any sex.
f. PANSEXUAL -Attracted to all types of gender identity.
g. POLYSEXUAL- Attracted to multiple types of gender.
GENDER IDENTITY

a. TRANSGENDER -SO is not related to their genitalia. In


general terms, the word transgender refers to people who
identify differently from their biological sex. For example,
a transgender person who is biologically female may feel
that a male identity is a better fit and take the following
steps: Use a male name instead of a female name. Use
male pronouns instead of female pronouns. Dress as a
man. Engage in activities that are typically associated
with men in that culture.
b. TRANSSEXUAL -Discord between their internal gender and
their genitalia. (sexual reassignment. A transsexual is
a person who physically transitions from male to female or
vice versa. He or she might take hormones to suppress
the characteristics of the biological gender or promote
the characteristics of the desired gender. In this way,
transsexuals can control, to some extent, traits like
facial hair and breast development. Transsexuals may
also decide to have gender reassignment surgery, in
which – to the extent that is possible – the anatomical
features of the biological gender are removed and the
features of the desired gender are added.

2. SOCIOECONOMIC CLASS- DETERMINANTS Income, value of assets


and savings, cultural interest and hobbies, education, peers
and relatives.
a. Global South- developing countries that perceive
poverty.
b. Global North- developed countries and industrials
nations.

3. POLITICAL IDENTITY- Refers to the set of attitudes and


practices that an individual adheres to in relation to the
political systems and actors within his or her society.

4. RELIGION- the belief in and worship of a superhuman


controlling power especially a personal God or Gods
a. MONOTHEISTIC believing in the existence of one
God.
b. POLYTHEISTIC believing in the existence of
multiple Gods.

POLITICS

 Politics (from Greek: πολιτικά, translit.


Politiká, meaning "affairs of the cities") is the process of
making decisions that apply to members of a g roup.

 It refers to achieving and exercising positions of


governance
—
Organized control over a human community, particularly a
state.

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