Transformer Electric Field Plot

Analysis
( Sharing Session )

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Contents

1.Electric Field - Introduction

2.Fields Computations

3.Transformer Insulations

4.Electric Field Plot - Analysis

5.Customer Requirements

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Electric Field

Introduction

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Electric Field

Field that surrounds electric charge

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Uniform and non-uniform field

Uniform Non-uniform
Source : Electric Field Analysis, Sivaji

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Homogenous / Non-homogenous /
Uniform Non-uniform

A–B-C Source : Transformerboard, Moser, Weidmann

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Field Computations

Analog, Numerical

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 Field
Computations

Analytical Numerical
methods or methods
classical methods, •FDM
accurate results
•CSM
whenever they can be
applied, for complex •FEM
configurations which exist •BEM
inside a transformer •combined
these method cannot be
applied

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Electric Field Calculation Simple Geometry
Plate Cylindrical

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Electric Field Calculation Simple Geometry

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How about Electric Field
analysis in complex
geometry???

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Transformer Insulation

Cylinder, Potential Ring, Angle Ring

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Transformer Insulation
Major
Insulation

Insulation between windings

Insulation between winding to core Minor
/yoke /flitch plate Insulation

Insulation between coil and tank

Insulation between turns / discs
Insulation between high voltage
leads and earth parts

According to prof. S.V. Kulkarni

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Insulation Between Winding

The insulation system of oil cooled power transformers

consists of combination of oil and solid
insulations. The oil and solid insulations are
cheaper than most other insulating materials , and
as a combination they give much higher
dielectric strength than individually.
The narrower the duct, the higher the average
breakdown stress

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Calculation Electrical Stress in Radial Gaps

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 Transformer Insulation properties

Relative Permittivity Insulating Liquid

Mineral oil = 2.2

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Between Winding

SM = 30% SM = -20%

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Design of oil ducts

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 End Insulations
Angel ring

Key spacer

Wdg

Out lead

Wdg Snout
Potential ring Source : P. Indra/Yuhan Training

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Cylinder
Angel ring

Potential ring

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Stress Ring / Potential Ring

With Potential Ring Without Potential Ring

SM = 30% SM = 10%
Emax = 7.35 kV/mm Emax = 12.2 kV/mm

To reduce electric stresses at winding corner

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Electric field distribution around sharp conductor

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Angle / Cap Ring

Use of contoured angle rings along equipotential lines to minimize creep

stress .
In properly designed end insulation the surface of angle rings is, as far as
possible parallel with the equipotential lines.

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Dielectric Performance

For best dielectric performance, reduction in

maximum electric stress in insulation is usually
not enough; the following factors affecting the
withstand characteristics should be given due to
consideration, viz. waveform of applied voltage and
corresponding response, volt-time characteristics of
insulation, shape and surface condition of
electrodes, partial discharge inception
characteristics of insulation, types of
insulating mediums, amount of stressed volume,
etc.

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Dielectric Performance (cont.)

Minimization of non-uniform dielectric fields,

avoiding creepage stress, improvement in oil
processing and impregnation, elimination of voids,
elimination of local high stresses due to
winding connections/crossovers/transpositions,
are some important steps in the insulation design of
transformers.

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Dielectric Performance (cont.)

The dependence of the Emax on m, h, r and d,

which was analyzed by using mathematical
statistical and regression analysis methods :

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 Dielectric Performance (cont.)

Variable = top clearance

Variable = pot. ring radius

Variable = mm between winding

Variable = pot. ring insulation thickness

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Electric Field Plot
Analysis

Cylinder, Potential Ring, Angle Ring

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Flow Chart
start

Defining Geometry

Analysis Setup

Meshing / Element

Integrated Assign Material

Electro
Boundary Condition

Solving

Post Processing and

Results

Electro PP Result Analysis

No
Comply
?

Yes

Finish

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Defining Geometry

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Mesh / Elements

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Analysis Setup

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Assign Material

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Boundary Condition

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Solving Technical Reference
Analysis Run Solver (F4)
Potential Theory

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Solving Technical Reference (cont.)

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Post Processing

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Post Processing

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Result Analysis

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Compare with
Electric Field
Weidmann Safety Margin
Data From
Curve (use Results
Simulation
electro PP)

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41
Line 2a

9.97

6.26

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Weidmann Curve (41 – 5)

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Weidmann Curve (41 - 6)

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Creep Withstand Curve

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 Safety Margin

Weidmann and Unipower

Typically is between 20% - 35% (Weidmann)

Transpower

Minimum 35%

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Three Critical Criteria

Maximum Local Stresses at the surface of

insulated and un-insulated electrode
Insulated < 12 kV/mm
Un-insulated < 2 kV/mm

The Stresses across the oil gaps

See Weidmann Curve (41 – 5 & 41 – 6)

The creep stresses along the solid insulation

See Creep Withstand Curve

Source : W.Ziomek

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Customer Requirements

Example :Transpower

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Specification

TRANSPOWER

*SM ≥ 35 %

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Customer Requirements

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Some References

Source : High Voltage Power Transformer Insulation Design (W. Ziomek)

Source : Transformer Engineering (S.V Kulkarni)

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PTID – End Insulations

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Electric Field Plot

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Electric Field Strength Graphic (Transpower)

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Example : overbuild cause of tranposition

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Example : transposition area

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Example : end insulation – outcoming lead

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Example : HV Lead - Top FR area

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References

Electric Field Analysis , Sivaji

Trasformer Engineering, SV Kulkarni
Large Power Transformer, Karsai
Transformerboard, Moser; Weidmann
Weidmann book
Technical reference Electro integrated software
Research of Main Insulation Structure of Power
Transformer Based on 3-D Electric Field, Gao Youhua
New Technique for improving electric field distribution at
HV winding ends of power transformer, Xie Hengkun
UDM
Transpower technical specification
Internal training from Mr. Indra and Yuhan

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Next Challenge

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