geotechnical + structural instrumentation

Bridges Foundations Mines Tunnels

Dams Geogrids Piles Waste Repositories

Embankments Groundwater Pipelines Wind Turbines

Excavations Landfills Slope Stability

Contents

Company Information Readouts

01 Company Profile 15 Readouts

02 Projects Overview 15 Field PCs
03 Projects Overview 16 Vibrating Wire Analyzers
16 Readouts
Strain Gauges

04 Strain Gauges ›
Dataloggers   Software

04 Rebar Strainmeters 16 Terminal Boxes

16 Surge Modules
Displacement Transducers 17 Frequency to Analog Converters
05 Jointmeters 17 Autoresonant Sensors
05 Strandmeters 17 Dataloggers
05 Crackmeters 17 Software
05 Convergence Meters 18 Dataloggers
05 Deformation Meters 18 Wireless Dataloggers
05 Soil Extensometers 18 Multiplexers
18 Wireless Vibrating Wire Interface
Extensometers 18 Software
06 Extensometers
06 Settlement Points › ›
Wireless Networks    Addressable Systems   Software

07 Anchors 19 Wireless Networks

07 Readout Instruments 19 Addressable Vibrating Wire Interface
07 Sensors 19 sensemetrics Integration
07 Extensometers
07 Displacement Meters Stressmeters

20 Borehole Pressure Cells

Piezometers 20 Stressmeters
08 Piezometers 20 Stress Cells
08 Pressure Transducers 20 Borehole Deformation Gauges
09 Piezometers
09 Pressure Transducers Fiber Optic

09 Weir Monitors 21 Fiber Optic Strain Gauges

21 Fiber Optic Temperature Sensors
Settlement Sensors 21 Fiber Optic Rebar Strainmeters
10 Settlement Systems
10 Settlement Profilers ›
Temperature   Miscellaneous

22 DeAerators
›
Pressure Cells    Load Cells 22 Semiconductor Piezometers, Pressure Transducers
11 Pressure Cells 22 Thermistor Probes
11 Shotcrete Stress Cells 22 Thermistor Strings
11 Pile Tip Pressure Cells 22 Temperature Gauges
11 Load Cells 22 Cables

Inclinometers Applications

12 Digital Inclinometer Systems 23 Pile Testing Instrumentation

12 Inclinometer Probes 24 Concrete Dam Instrumentation
12 Software 24 Earth Dam Instrumentation
13 In-Place Inclinometer Sytems 25 Deep Excavation Instrumentation
13 In-Place Inclinometers 25 Tunnelling Instrumentation
13 Inclinometer Casing

›
Tiltmeters   Pendulums

14 Tiltmeters
14 Tilt Sensors
14 Tilt Beams
14 Pendulum Readouts
geokon
 ›
01    Company Profile

Company

geokon is located in Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA and operates In particular, geokon, through innovation and experience, has
on a worldwide basis through a network of agencies. The company developed a line of vibrating wire sensors unsurpassed anywhere
was founded in 1979 and currently has over 100 employees. in the world. These highly reliable devices have contributed in no
geokon offers a broad range of geotechnical instrumentation, which small way to the growing worldwide acceptance of vibrating wire
is manufactured at our factory in the USA, by a staff of trained, quali- as the most suitable technology for geotechnical applications.
fied and experienced machinists and assemblers.

Products

geokon manufactures a complete line of geotechnical instruments The pages of this catalog provide a brief description of the standard
including extensometers, piezometers, strain gauges, crackmeters, geokon product lines.* Individual data sheets with additional infor-
jointmeters, load cells, settlement sensors, pressure cells, inclinome- mation and complete product details are available online. If these
ters, dataloggers and custom designs made to order. geokon instru- products do not meet your needs, members of our experienced
ments are used primarily for monitoring the safety and stability of staff are ready to work with you to produce custom instrumenta-
civil and mining structures such as dams, tunnels, mine openings, tion for special applications. Call or write for more information or
foundations, piles, embankments, retaining walls, slopes, subway visit our website at www.geokon.com and find out why geokon
systems, underground powerhouses, bridges, culverts, pipelines, has a reputation for high quality, reliability and service unequaled
shafts, slurry wall excavations, braced excavations, tiebacks, nuclear in the industry.
waste repositories, ground water remediation schemes and the like.

Vibrating Wire Technology

The resonant frequency of vibration of a tensioned steel wire is depen- Frequencies can be transmitted over long cables (>2000 m) with-
dent on the strain or tension in the wire. This fundamental dependency out appreciable degradation of the signal caused by variations in
is utilized in a variety of configurations for the measurement of strain, cable resistance, which can arise from water penetration, tempera-
load, force, pressure, temperature, and tilt. ture fluctuations, contact resistance or leakage to ground. This fac-
Vibrating wire sensors are well known for their long-term stability. The tor, coupled with the elegance and ruggedness of geokon designs
advantage of vibrating wire sensors over more conventional types lies results in sensors which exhibit excellent long-term stability and
mainly in the sensor output, which is a frequency rather than a voltage. suitability for long-term measurements in adverse environments.

‘Caveat Emptor’

Imitation is a form of flattery, so we at geokon should feel extremely nology, we find it necessary to voice a ‘Caveat Emptor’ that appear-
flattered by the number and variety of companies that have chosen to ances aren’t everything and that beauty may be only skin deep.
copy the elegant designs of our products. Our imitators have gone to Over 40 years of experience at geokon has inevitably honed our
great lengths to match the appearance of their products to geokon’s. products to a high degree of reliability, a reliability which is depen-
So while we marvel at, and applaud the efforts of, our competitors in dent on subtle improvements and refinements that are not readily
helping us spread the good word about the use of vibrating wire tech- visible to the naked eye. This is where quality starts and ends.

ANSI • ANAB
Quality
Certification
Number: 10643
geokon policy is to provide its customers with the highest quality Commerce, National Institutes of Standards and Technology
products and services, that meet applicable requirements and to make (NIST), in Washington, DC, and are calibrated by laboratories with
continual improvements in the effectiveness of the Quality Manage- ISO/IEC 17025 accreditation.
UKAS ment System to support our objectives and growth of the organization. geokon is a qualified supplier for US Nuclear Facilities in
Certification
Number: 11507
As a result, geokon has been awarded ISO 9001:2015 registration accordance with the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
from both ANSI • ANAB, USA and UKAS of Great Britain. (ASME)/Nuclear Quality Assurance (NQA)-1, Quality Assurance
015

The geokon calibration program complies with, and is audited to, Program Requirements.
the ANSI/NCSL Z540-1 Calibration Laboratory and Measuring and The entire geokon product line has achieved the Russian GOST cer-
Test Equipment General Requirements. In addition, all primary calibra- tification for product safety and the GOST metrological certification.
tion standards are traceable to the United States Department of

Services

geokon offers a variety of services, including presentations and/or office In addition, geokon offers a comprehensive custom design
visits regarding instrumentation and/or instrument applications, training service to produce custom instrumentation for special applica-
(both in-house and on-site), installation assistance at project sites world- tions. For service rates and rental availability, please contact:
wide, and the rental of certain instruments, readouts and dataloggers. customer_service@geokon.com.

*geokon maintains an ongoing policy of design review and reserves the right to amend products and specifications without notice.
 ›
02    Projects Overview

Bridges Foundations and Deep Excavations

Bridge structures in many Excavations in urban envi-

countries around the world ronments require exten-
have used geokon sensors sive monitoring to ensure
for measuring key parame- their stability and to verify
ters such as strain, displace- that nearby structures are
ment, force, temperature, not adversely affected.
inclination, alignment and Typical excavation/founda-
settlement. Sensors are tion-related projects may
installed permanently for long-term health monitoring, tem- require instrumentation for
porarily for load testing and/or to ensure safe working condi- the walls (slurry walls and tiebacks), bracing (cross-lot struts),
tions during repair or strengthening. Internet-accessible data and/or the underlying ground or adjacent structures and utili-
acquisition systems ensure that any significant change in the ties. Many major cities throughout the world including New
condition or behavior of the structure is logged, reported and York, Boston, Kuala Lumpur and Berlin have used geokon
efficiently monitored. instruments in these situations.

Dams Geogrids

geokon instruments have Geogrid reinforcements

been used to monitor and can be monitored using
analyze critical elements of displacement transducers
numerous dams through- attached to the grid with
out the world. Dams of any requisite clamps. Networks
kind can benefit from instru- of such transducers, con-
mentation—including con- nected to data acquisition
crete, rollcrete, rock-fill and systems, can help identify
earth. geokon instruments areas of subsidence and
are used in the dams of USA, China, Spain, South Africa, Brazil, forewarn of impending failures. Horizontal extensometers, pres-
Czech Republic, Switzerland, Colombia, New Zealand, Kenya, sure cells and settlement profilers are also commonly used in
Pakistan, Algeria, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and Australia. reinforced embankment constructions.

Embankments Groundwater

The construction (staged geokon offers a wide vari-

or surcharged) of highway ety of options for monitor-
embankments and levees ing groundwater, lake and
often requires instrumen- stream levels. Products
tation to monitor the prog- range from simple stand-
ress of consolidation and pipe piezometers and water
to determine whether the level meters, to downhole
embankment is stable. water level loggers and
Instrumentation can also be utilized to monitor the effectiveness pressure transducers connected to dataloggers for pump tests
of vertical drains used to accelerate consolidation in embank- and real time monitoring. Sensors for measurements in streams
ment construction. geokon piezometers, settlement systems, and weirs are also available, along with low-power data acqui-
extensometers and inclinometers are among the most common sition systems to wirelessly collect data from many sensors
types of instruments used for embankment monitoring. spread over a wide area.

Landfills

Environmental concerns,
requiring a knowledge of
groundwater conditions
and the stability of land-
fills, have been extensively
monitored using geokon
instrumentation. In these
often highly corrosive regimes, special instruments, capable of
withstanding elevated temperatures and aggressive leachates,
have been constructed from titanium for added reliability and
longevity. The Staten Island Landfill in New Jersey is instru-
mented with geokon sensors.

geokon
 ›
03    Projects Overview

Mines Slope Stability

Many mines, both under- Careful monitoring and

ground and open pit, have examination of slopes for
used geokon instruments failure warning signs is criti-
to monitor the stability of cal for protecting people
underground openings or and/or facilities down slope.
pit slopes. Instrumented The type of instruments
mines occur in USA, Can- selected for any monitoring
ada, Mexico, Chile, Austra- program will depend upon
lia, New Guinea and Zaire the geology of the soil or
among others. Of particular note is a full-scale, mine-wide rock mass and the problems
monitoring system installed at J.M. Asbestos, Quebec to warn to be monitored but may include extensometers, piezometers,
of possible collapse of the open pit slopes. crackmeters, and inclinometers.

Nuclear Waste Repositories Tunnels

geokon has been involved Many subway systems in

in the instrumentation of major cities around the world
nuclear waste repositories have used geokon instru-
in the USA, Germany, Swe- ments. geokon is a specialist
den and Belgium. These in the supply of instruments for
applications called for the NATM method of tunnel
special high temperature support. In addition to almost
devices capable of withstanding high radiation levels. The will- all major cities in the USA, we
ingness and ability of geokon to innovate enabled measure- have instrumented subway systems in Seoul, Taipei, Guangzhou,
ments to be made where other commercially available devices Istanbul, Hong Kong, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Singapore and
were unsuccessful. London. We also have instruments in the Channel Tunnel.

Piles and Pile Testing Wind Turbines

geokon is a leader in pile Newly constructed wind

instrumentation—both turbines often require
steel and concrete, driven instrumentation to verify
or cast-in-place. Many the design and long-term
important projects utiliz- performance of their foun-
ing coffer dams and sheet dations. For piled founda-
piling have been instru- tions, instrumentation is
mented, plus pilings on often used to measure load distribution and lateral deflections
foundations of major build- along the pile, and to monitor the effectiveness of any lock off
ings in cities throughout bolts. For raft foundations, instrumentation can be installed
the world. The Petronas Twin Towers in Malaysia, among the to detect tilting and to monitor pressures and any movement
tallest buildings in the world, uses geokon gauges. between the foundation and the underlying soil or rock.

Pipelines

In situations where pipe-

lines pass over unstable
slopes, lateral forces, due
to slope movements, may
act on the pipe causing it
to bend and possibly rup-
ture. To monitor and deter-
mine any resulting stresses,
vibrating wire strain gauges
can be attached at various points along the pipe. Instruments
for slope monitoring and data acquisition systems, which offer
near real-time monitoring, are also available.
 ›
04    Strain Gauges

Model 3900 Embedment Strain Gauge Specifications

Range 5000 με
The Model 3900 Embedment Strain Gauge is designed for the measure-
Resolution 0.125 mV/V nominal
ment of dynamic strains in concrete structures, earth fills and soils. It
Accuracy¹ ±0.25% F.S.
comprises a full bridge strain gauged proving ring coupled, between
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S.
two flanges, with a spring and shaft. When the flanges move relative to
Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C
one another, the tension in the spring changes and hence the strain in
Active Gauge Length² 203 mm
the proving ring. A PVC tube serves as a protective housing and holds
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges/lengths available on request.
the gauge at the desired initial tension.

Model 4000 Arc Weldable Strain Gauge Specifications

Range¹ 3000 με
The Model 4000 Strain Gauge is designed primarily for arc welding to
Resolution 1.0 με
steel structures such as tunnel linings, excavation bracing, piles and
Accuracy  ² ±0.5% F.S.
bridges. The gauge has a 150 mm gauge length (longer or shorter ver-
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S.
sions are also available) a 3000 με range and a 1 με sensitivity. The
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
gauge can be adapted for bonding to concrete or for bolting to steel
Active Gauge Length¹ 150 mm
surfaces by modification of the end blocks.
¹ Other ranges/lengths available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
Accuracy of ±0.1% F.S. available with optional, individual calibration.

› ›
Model 4100 4150 4151 Miniature Strain Gauges Specifications 4100 4150 4151 
Range¹ 3000 με 3000 με 3000 με
The Model 4100/4150 Strain Gauge has a 51 mm gauge length (3000
Resolution 0.4 με 0.4 με 0.4 με
με range, 1 με sensitivity) and is designed to measure strains in steel
Accuracy  ² ±0.5% F.S. ±0.5% F.S. ±0.5% F.S.
structures (4100) and on reinforcement bars (4150) where space may
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S. < 0.5% F.S. < 0.5% F.S.
be limited. The gauge is installed quickly and easily by means of a
Temperature Range³ −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C
capacitive discharge spot welder or, for short-term use, with special
Active Gauge Length 51 mm 51 mm 51 mm
epoxy adhesives. (The 4151 is designed with pins for grouting).
¹  Also available with 5,000 µε range (1.0 µε resolution) or with 10,000 µε range (2.0 µε resolution).
(Range is dependent on the readout).  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
Accuracy of ±0.1% F.S. available with optional, individual calibration.  |  ³  Other ranges available on request.

› ›
Model 4200 4202 4210 Concrete Embedment Strain Gauges Specifications 4200 4202 4210
Range¹ 3000 με 3000 με 3000 με
These Strain Gauges are designed for direct embedment in concrete.
Resolution 1.0 με 0.4 με 0.4 με
The 4200 (standard model) has a 153 mm gauge length and 1 με sen-
Accuracy  ² ±0.5% F.S. ±0.5% F.S. ±0.5% F.S.
sitivity and is commonly used for strain measurements in foundations,
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S. < 0.5% F.S. < 0.5% F.S.
piles, bridges, dams, tunnel linings, etc. The 4210 has a 250 mm gauge
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C
length making it particularly suitable for use in large aggregate con-
Active Gauge Length 153 mm 51 mm 250 mm¹
crete. The 4202 is designed for laboratory use and/or where there are
¹ Other ranges/lengths available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
space limitations. Low modulus versions, for measuring concrete cur- Accuracy of ±0.1% F.S. available with optional, individual calibration.
ing strains, are also available (please contact geokon for details).

›
Model 4200HT 4200HT-T High Temperature Embedment Strain Gauges Specifications 4200HT 4200HT-T
Range¹ 3000 με 3000 με
The Model 4200HT and 4200HT-T (pictured at left) High Temperature
Resolution 1.0 με 1.0 με
Embedment Strain Gauges are similar to the standard Model 4200.
Accuracy  ² ±0.5% F.S.³ ±0.5% F.S.
However, the Model 4200HT is designed for short-term use at temper-
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S. < 0.5% F.S.
atures up to 200 °C and the Model 4200HT-T is designed for long-term
Temperature Range −20 °C to +200 °C −20 °C to +220 °C
use at temperatures up to 220 °C. They are particularly useful for mea-
Active Gauge Length 153 mm 148 mm
surements in autoclaved spun concrete piles.
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
³Accuracy of ±0.1% F.S. available with optional, individual calibration.

›
Model 4911 4911A Rebar Strainmeters Specifications 4911 4911A
Range 3000 με 3000 με
The Model 4911 Rebar Strainmeter is designed for measuring strains
Resolution 0.4 με 0.4 με
in foundations, slurry walls, precast piles, caissons, bridge abutments,
Accuracy¹ ±0.25% F.S. ±0.25% F.S.
tunnel liners, etc. The standard Model 4911 (#4 rebar), known as the
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S. < 0.5% F.S.
“Sister Bar”, is installed alongside structural rebar. Larger models (4911A)
Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C
are available for welding directly into structural rebar. Where short-
Rebar Sizes 4 (Sister Bar) 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14
term dynamic measurements are to be made, Model 3911/3911A Rebar
Active Gauge Length 914 mm 1105 mm
Strainmeters, which utilize bonded resistance strain gauges, can be
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges available on request.
substituted, or added.

geokon
 ›
05    Displacement Transducers

Model 4400 Embedment Jointmeter Specifications

Ranges¹ 12.5, 25, 50, 100 mm
The Model 4400 Embedment Jointmeter is designed for use across con-
Resolution 0.025% F.S.
struction joints such as those between adjacent blocks in a concrete
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
dam. It is normally embedded across the joint to monitor the expansion
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S.
or contraction of the joint. The use of internal universal joints allows for
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
a degree of shearing motion.
Dimensions (L × ø) 441, 441, 441, 569 × 51 mm (flange)
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 4410 Strandmeter Specifications

Ranges¹ 3 mm (15,000 με)
The Model 4410 Strandmeter is designed to measure strains in tendons
Resolution < 5 με
and steel cables. Two clamps at each end of the strandmeter hold it
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
firmly onto the cable. Various size clamps are available.
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S.
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
Dimensions (L × W) 203 × 45 mm (clamp width)
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 4420 Crackmeter Specifications

Ranges¹ 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150 mm
The Model 4420 Crackmeter is intended to measure movement across
Resolution 0.025% F.S.
surface cracks and joints. It is installed by grouting, bolting or bonding
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
two threaded anchors (with ball joints) on opposite sides of the crack
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S.
and then attaching the ends of the gauge to the anchors.
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
Dimensions (L × ø)³ 318, 343, 397, 555, 645 × 8 or 12.7 mm⁴ (shaft)
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
³  Length dimensions are in mid-range position. Coil diameter is 25 mm.  |  ⁴   12.7 ø for 100 and 150 mm ranges.

Model 4422 Micro Crackmeter Specifications

Range 4 mm (±2 mm)
The Model 4422 is a miniature crackmeter intended to measure dis-
Resolution 0.001 mm
placements across surface cracks and joints. It has been specially
Accuracy¹ ±0.1% F.S.
designed for applications where access is limited and/or where monitor-
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S.
ing instrumentation is to be as unobtrusive as possible (e.g. on historical
Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C
structures or buildings).
Dimensions (L × ø) 120 × 8 mm
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges available on request.

Model 4425 Convergence Meter Specifications

Ranges¹ 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150 mm
The Model 4425 Convergence Meter is used to monitor closures in
Resolution 0.025% F.S.
underground excavations, tunnels, etc. It is comprised of a spring
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
tensioned transducer, turnbuckle, connecting rod (stainless steel, fiber-
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S.
glass or graphite), rod clamp, and a pair of stainless steel eyebolts.
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
Dimensions (L × ø) varies with application × 25 mm (transducer)
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 4430 Deformation Meter Specifications

Ranges¹ 25, 50, 100, 150, 300 mm
The Model 4430 Deformation Meter with flanged ends is designed to
Resolution 0.025% F.S.
measure longitudinal deformation in dams and embankments. It can
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
also be grouted or held in place by hydraulic anchors to measure defor-
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S.
mations in boreholes (over the gauge length). Gauge lengths from 0.5
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
to 100 meters are available.
Dimensions (L × ø) 1 m, varies × 27 mm (pipe), 51 mm (flange)
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 4435 Soil Extensometer Specifications

Ranges¹ 25, 50, 100, 150, 300 mm
The Model 4435 Soil Extensometer is designed to be installed, in series,
Resolution² 0.025% F.S.
to measure horizontal strain in earthfill or rock-fill dams. The 4435 has
Accuracy ³ ±0.1% F.S.
flanges on either end, which enable a series of extensometers to be
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S.
bolted together to form long strings of sensors, which allow complete
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
profiles of deformation or settlement to be monitored.
Dimensions (L × ø) varies × 27 mm (pipe), 33 mm (slip coupling)
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Resolution depends on readout equipment.
³  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
 ›
06   Extensometers

Model 1050 (A-1) Single Point Mechanical Extensometer Specifications

Range up to 100 mm
The Model A-1 Single Position Rod Extensometer is a very simple,
Least Reading 0.025 mm
rugged and reliable instrument, easily installed and completely
Borehole Diameter 35, 44, 51, 64 mm
recessed within the borehole for optimum protection. The Model A-1
Dimensions (L) 3 m (maximum)
is a natural first choice for monitoring the safety in and around tunnels
and mine openings.
A-1
A-3
A-4 Model 1150 (A-3) Multiple Point Groutable Anchor Extensometer Specifications
A-5
Range up to 300 mm nominal
The Model A-3 Multiple Point Rod Extensometer is the preferred
Least Reading 0.025 mm
design for installation in downward directed boreholes which are
Borehole Diameter 76 mm or over
easily filled with cement grout. Up to six anchors can be installed
Dimensions (L) 100 m (maximum)
at various depths in a 76 mm diameter borehole, providing the
capability to locate multiple failure plains and zones of movement.

Model 1200 (A-4) Multiple Point Snap-Ring Anchor Extensometer Specifications

Range up to 300 mm nominal
The Model A-4 Multiple Point Rod Extensometer with Snap-Ring
Least Reading 0.025 mm
Anchors is quickly and easily installed in boreholes in hard or com-
Borehole Diameter¹ 38 to 76 mm
petent rock. Anchors are pushed to the required depth on the end
Dimensions (L) 50 m (maximum)
of setting rods and then a cord is pulled to remove the locking pin
¹ Any borehole diameter up to 76 mm may be specified. Note that the size of the borehole required increases
which allows two retaining rings on each anchor to snap outward with the addition of more measuring points.
and grip the borehole. Up to six anchors can be installed, at vari-
ous depths, in a 76 mm diameter borehole. Particularly useful in
upward directed boreholes.

Model 1250 (A-5) Multiple Point Hydraulic Anchor Extensometer Specifications

Range up to 300 mm nominal
The Model A-5 Multiple Point Rod Extensometer with Hydraulic
Least Reading 0.025 mm
Anchors is recommended for use in soft ground and soils, or in rock,
Borehole Diameter¹ 38 to 102 mm
where the borehole may deteriorate. This anchor is very versatile
Dimensions (L) 100 m (maximum)
and can be used in boreholes of varying diameter and roughness
¹ Note that the size of the borehole required increases with the addition of more measuring points.
oriented in any direction.

Model 1280 (A-6) Flexible Rod Extensometer Specifications

Range up to 300 mm nominal
The Model A-6 Flexible Rod Extensometer uses continuous lengths
Least Reading 0.025 mm
of fiberglass rods inside protective tubing. The rods are cut to cus-
Borehole Diameter¹ 50 mm (minimum for single point)
tomer-specified lengths, coiled at the factory and shipped ready
Dimensions (L) 100 m (maximum)
for installation. The extensometer is lightweight, making it easier
¹ Note that the size of the borehole required increases with the addition of more measuring points.
to handle for installation and less costly to ship. On-site assembly
time is minimal and the installation procedure is simplified.

Model 1300 (A-9) Retrievable Extensometer Specifications

Range¹ 12.5, 25, 50 mm
The Model A-9 Retrievable Extensometer (Patent No. 5,585,555) is
Resolution 0.02% F.S.
designed to measure deformations in boreholes in rock and concrete.
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
The device can be used in pile load test studies, plate jacking tests and
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
virtually any application where a hole can be drilled or a pipe can be
Dimensions (L × ø) 495 mm × 45 mm (anchor); 25 mm (transducer ²)
cast into the structure being studied. The system features adjustable
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
gauge lengths, rapid and simple installation/removal and high accuracy.

Model 1950 Settlement Points (Borros Type) Specifications

Range 150 mm (without resetting)
The purpose of the heave/settlement points is to measure vertical
Materials steel (inner/outer pipes)
movements in foundation soils during, and subsequent to, construc- stainless steel (Borros Anchor)
tion. The heave/settlement point consists of a three-prong anchor, a Dimensions (OD) 33 mm (outer pipe); 14 mm (inner pipe)
¼" standard inner pipe, and a 1" standard outer pipe. The pipes are
assembled in sections and fastened together with standard couplings
to the required anchor depths.

geokon
 ›
07   Extensometers

Extensometer Anchor Types

1 Borros Type Hydraulic Anchor › For use in soft soils and clays, 3 Hydraulic Anchor › For use in rough boreholes in rock and

especially in augered boreholes. Can also be driven directly through soft ground, especially if dilations and contractions of the borehole
soft ground without a borehole being required. are anticipated. Also useful in upward directed boreholes with or
without grouting.
1 2 Groutable Anchor › The preferred anchor for use in downward-
2
3 directed boreholes. The pre-assembled extensometer is installed in 4 Snap-Ring Anchor › For use in hard or competent rock where
4
the borehole, which is then filled with cement grout. These anchors smooth uniform boreholes can be drilled. The simplicity of its design
can also be used in upward-directed boreholes with a more compli- allows for quick and easy installation.
cated grouting procedure.

›
Readout Instruments Sensors

5 1 Model 1400-4 Depth Micrometer › Readout of borehole 4 Model 1500 Linear Potentiometer › Utilizes a sturdy 6.5 mm

extensometers is made on a digital counter after manual adjustment diameter rod which protrudes from both ends as the actuating shaft.
4
of the thimble. Accuracy is ±0.01 mm, Range is 25 mm extensible to This facilitates connection of the linear potentiometer to extenso-
3 150 mm using the extension rods supplied. meter rods and also permits a mechanical check of the readings.
2
2 Model 1400-1 Dial Indicator › Used for quick and easy readout 5 Model 4450 VW Displacement Transducer › Vibrating Wire
1 of borehole extensometers. Accuracy is ±0.01 mm, Range is 50 mm. Displacement Transducers provide remote readout for geokon
Extensometers. They are particularly useful where other types
3 Model 1450 DC-DC LVDT › DC-DC LVDT’s are for dynamic and/
of VW sensors are used and where long cable runs are required.
or high-temperature applications. Ranges are 50 mm, 100 mm and Ranges are 12.5, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 230 and 300 mm. Other
150 mm. Other ranges available on request. ranges available on request.

Model 1610 Tape Extensometer Specifications

Tape Lengths 20, 30, 50 m
The Model 1610 Tape Extensometer is designed to measure small
Tape Tension 10 kg
changes in the distance between opposite walls or between the
Accuracy ±0.1 mm
roof and floor of excavations, tunnels or mine openings. It can also
Dimensions (L) 520 mm
be used to monitor deformation in structures and supports and to
measure movements of unstable slopes. Readout is provided elec-
tronically via a front panel LCD.

Model 1900 Magnetic Extensometer Specifications

Cable Lengths 30, 50, 100, 150, 200 m; 100, 125, 200, 300 ft
The Model 1900 Magnetic Extensometer is designed to measure
Resolution 1 mm
settlement or heave of soft ground under the influence of loading or
Repeatability ±3 mm
unloading due to the construction of embankments, fills, buildings,
Temperature Range¹ −30 °C to +80 °C
foundations, and structures. A probe is lowered inside a guide tube to
Borehole Size 102 to 152 mm
detect and measure the position of magnetic anchors located around
Dimensions (L × ø) 178 × 19 mm (probe)
the guide tube at various depths along the borehole or within the fill.
¹ Other ranges available on request.
Plate anchors are used in fill and “spider” anchors in boreholes.

Model 4427 Long Range Displacement Meter Specifications

Ranges 1, 2 m (without resetting)
The Model 4427 Long Range Displacement Meter is ideally suited for
Resolution 0.025% F.S. (0.25 mm for 1 m range)
the measurement of the large displacements typically associated with
Accuracy¹ ±1.0% F.S.
landslides. The Model 4427 can also be used for monitoring the move-
Temperature Range² −30 °C to +60 °C
ment of boulders, snow, etc., on unstable slopes.
Dimensions (L × W × H) 610 × 152 × 152 mm (enclosure)
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges available on request.
 ›
08   Piezometers

› ›
Model 4500S / SV 4500SH 4500AL / ALV Standard Piezometers* Specifications 4500S / SV 4500SH 4500AL / ALV
Ranges −100 to 350, −100 kPa to 3, 70, 170 kPa
The Model 4500 Standard Piezometer is designed to measure fluid pres- 700 kPa; 1, 2, 3 MPa 7.5, 10, 20 MPa
sures such as ground water elevations and pore pressures when buried Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure 1.5 × rated pressure 1.5 × rated pressure
directly in embankments, fills, etc. Can also be installed inside boreholes, Resolution (Minimum) 0.025% F.S. 0.025% F.S. 0.025% F.S.
observation wells and standard (> 19 mm diameter) piezometer riser Accuracy¹ ±0.1% F.S. ±0.1% F.S. ±0.1% F.S.
pipe. The Model 4500AL is designed for low-pressure ranges. The Linearity  ² < 0.5% F.S. < 0.5% F.S. < 0.5% F.S.
vented version (ALV) provides automatic compensation for barometric Temperature Range³ −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C
pressure changes. Thermistors are included to measure temperatures. Dimensions (L × ø) 133 × 19.1 mm 194 × 25.4 mm 133 × 25.4 mm
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  ±0.1% F.S. option available in some ranges.
³  Other ranges available on request.

›
Model 4500B / BV 4500C Small Diameter Piezometers* Specifications 4500B / BV 4500C
Ranges −100 to 350, 700 kPa; 1, 2, 3 MPa −100 to 350, 700 kPa
These piezometers are uniquely designed to enable the automation of
Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure 1.5 × rated pressure
small diameter, non-standard piezometer standpipes. The 4500B will
Resolution 0.025% F.S. (minimum) 0.05% F.S. (minimum)
fit inside 19 mm pipe and the 4500C will fit inside 12 mm pipe.
Accuracy¹ ±0.1% F.S. ±0.1% F.S.
Linearity < 0.5% F.S. (±0.1% optional) < 0.5% F.S.
Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C
Dimensions (L × ø) 133 × 17.5 mm 165 × 11 mm
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges available on request.

Model 4500DP Drive Point Piezometers* Specifications

Ranges −100 to 70, 170, 350, 700 kPa; 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5 MPa
The Model 4500DP Drive Point Piezometer has the transducer located
Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure
inside a housing with an EW drill rod thread and removable pointed
Resolution 0.025% F.S. (minimum)
nose cone. This model is ideally suited for use in peat and soft clays.
Accuracy¹ ±0.1% F.S.
The piezometer may be recovered at the end of the job. Models are
Linearity < 0.5% F.S. (±0.1% optional)
also available which use metric threads allowing for installation using
Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C
conventional cone penetrometer or other drill rods with adapters.
Dimensions (L × ø) 187 × 33.3 mm
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges available on request.

Model 4500HD Heavy Duty Piezometer* Specifications

Ranges −100 to 70, 170, 350, 700 kPa; 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5 MPa
The Model 4500HD Heavy Duty Piezometer is designed for direct burial
Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure
in fills and dam embankments. The 4500HD is used in conjunction with
Resolution 0.025% F.S. (minimum)
heavily armored cable to withstand earth movements during construc-
Accuracy¹ ±0.1% F.S.
tion. Recommended for use in earth dams.
Linearity < 0.5% F.S. (±0.1% optional)
Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C
Dimensions (L × ø) 203 × 38.1 mm
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges available on request.

Model 4500HT / HHT High Temp Piezometers / Pressure Transducers* Specifications 4500HT 4500HHT

Ranges¹ −100 to 700 kPa; 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5, −100 to 700 kPa; 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5,
The 4500HT Series High Temperature Piezometers and 4500HHT 10, 20, 50, 75, 100, 150 MPa 10, 20, 50, 75, 100, 150 MPa
Series High Temperature Pressure Transducers are designed for moni- Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure 1.5 × rated pressure
toring downhole pressures and temperatures in oil recovery systems Resolution 0.025% F.S. (minimum) 0.025% F.S. (minimum)
and geothermal applications, where the temperature may be as high Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S. ±0.1% F.S.
as 250 °C. These sensors are supplied with either mineral insulated Linearity < 0.5% F.S. (±0.1% optional) < 0.5% F.S. (±0.1% optional)
cables or Teflon® cables inside stainless steel tubing. Temperature Range¹ 0 °C to +250 °C 0 °C to +250 °C
Dimensions (L × ø)³ 191 × 19 mm (−100 to 700 kPa; 191 × 19 mm (−100 to 700 kPa;
1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5, 10 MPa) 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5, 10 MPa)
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
³  Please contact geokon for dimensions of ranges above 10 MPa and pressure connection details for 4500HHT.

Model 4500MLP Multilevel Piezometer* Specifications

Ranges −100 to 70, 170, 350, 700 kPa; 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5 MPa
The Model 4500MLP system overcomes the difficulties associated
Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure
with the installation of multiple piezometers in a single drill hole. The
Resolution 0.025% F.S. (minimum)
4500MLP is lowered into position, then a spring loaded apparatus is
Accuracy¹ ±0.1% F.S.
actuated, forcing specially configured piezometer filter elements into
Linearity < 0.5% F.S. (±0.1% optional)
firm contact with the borehole walls. The borehole is then grouted
Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C
from the bottom up in one quick and simple operation.
Borehole Diameter 100 to 150 mm
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges available on request.

geokon
 ›
09   Piezometers

Model 4500Ti Titanium Piezometer* Specifications

Ranges¹ −100 to 350, 700 kPa; 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5 MPa
The Model 4500Ti is designed specifically for use in highly corrosive
Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure
environments, such as landfills and leach fields. It is also used in
Resolution 0.025% F.S. (minimum)
critical areas where long-term survivability is essential, for example,
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
nuclear waste repositories and aggressive mine tailings. All exposed
Linearity < 0.5% F.S. (±0.1% optional)
surfaces are made from titanium.
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
Dimensions (L × ø) 125 × 25.4 mm
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

›
Model 4500H 4500HH Pressure Transducers* Specifications 4500H 4500HH
Ranges¹ −100 to 70, 170, −100 to 5, 7.5, 10, 20, 35,
The Model 4500H and 4500HH Pressure Transducers are supplied with 350, 700 kPa; 1, 2, 3 MPa; 75, 100 MPa
a female pipe thread fitting to permit the transducer to be coupled Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure 1.5 × rated pressure
directly into hydraulic or pneumatic pressure lines.† Resolution 0.025% F.S. (minimum) 0.025% F.S. (minimum)
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S. ±0.1% F.S.
Linearity  < 0.5% F.S. (±0.1% optional) < 0.5% F.S. (±0.1% optional)
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C
Dimensions (L × ø) 140 × 25.4 mm 143 × 25.4 mm
140 × 32 mm (70, 170 kPa)
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 4580 Pressure Transducers* Specifications

Ranges¹ 7, 17, 35 kPa; 200 Mbar (Barometer) ¹
The Model 4580 Pressure Transducers are designed for very low fluid
Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure
pressure measurements, such as groundwater elevations in wells,
Resolution 0.025% F.S. (depends on readout)
water levels in streams, weirs, flumes, etc. Changes in water levels of
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
as little as 0.2 mm can be measured. Sealed types can be used as a
Linearity  < 0.5% F.S. (±0.1% optional)
barometer to measure atmospheric pressure changes.
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
Dimensions (L × ø) 165 × 38 mm, 165 × 63.5 mm; 110 × 63.5 mm (Barometer)
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 4500AR Autoresonant Piezometer Specifications

Ranges 7, 17, 35, 70, 170, 350, 700 kPa;
The Model 4500AR Autoresonant Piezometer is designed for use with 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, 20, 25, 35, 50, 75, 100, 150 MPa
existing data acquisition systems incapable of reading standard (pluck Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure
and read) vibrating wire sensors. It can also be used where low fre- Resolution 0.025% F.S. (minimum; depends on readout system)
quency (< 20 Hz) dynamic measurements are required. Its high-output Accuracy¹ ±0.1% F.S.
offers excellent noise immunity and enhanced signal transmission over Linearity < 0.5% F.S. (±0.1% optional)
long cables (300 m+). (Also see the Model 4500CPR and 8020-42CPR Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C
Autoresonant Vibrating Wire Sensors, page 17.) Dimensions varies according to pressure range
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges available on request.

Model 4675LV Weir Monitor Specifications

Ranges¹ 150, 300, 600, 1500 mm
The Model 4675LV is a water level monitoring system that uses a
Resolution 0.025% F.S. (minimum)
vibrating wire force transducer to provide a highly stable and sen-
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
sitive means of monitoring water levels. The main component is a
Linearity 0.25% to 0.75% F.S.
cylindrical weight suspended from the force transducer. The cylin-
Stability ±0.05% F.S. per year
der hangs partially submerged in the water being monitored. As the
Temperature Range −20 °C to +80 °C (using antifreeze solutions)
water level changes the changing buoyancy force on the cylinder
Dimensions (L × ø) 165 × 25 mm (transducer)
acts directly on the transducer, altering the tension of the wire, and
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
thereby its resonant frequency.

*All geokon vibrating wire piezometers and pressure transducers include tripolar plasma surge arrestors to protect the sensor coils from possible lightning damage.
Semiconductor piezometers and pressure transducers are also available (3400 Series). Please see page 22 for further details.
†All high pressure sensors are potentially dangerous and care must be taken not to over-range them beyond their calibrated range.
Sensors are tested to 150% of the range to provide a factor of safety.
 ›
10    Settlement Sensors

Model 4600 Settlement System Specifications

Ranges¹ 7, 17, 35 m
The Model 4600 Settlement System is designed for the remote mea-
Resolution 0.025% F.S.
surement of surface or subsurface settlement in fills, surcharges, dams,
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
embankments, etc. A fluid filled tube extends upward, connecting
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
the transducer to a reservoir located in the moving strata or fill. The
Dimensions (L × ø) 305 × 60 mm (reservoir); 191 × 35 mm (sensor)
measurement of fluid pressure indicates the settlement between the
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
sensor and the reservoir. Multiple level systems are also available
(please contact geokon for details).

Model 4660 Settlement System Specifications

Ranges¹ 7, 17 m
The Model 4660 Settlement System uses a Pressure Transducer attached
Resolution 0.025% F.S.
to a settlement plate located in the settling ground. The sensor is con-
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
nected, via two fluid filled tubes extending laterally, to a reservoir
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
located on firm ground away from the area of anticipated movement.
Dimensions (L × ø) 152 × 51 mm (reservoir); 168 × 25 mm (sensor)
Fluid pressure within the tubes is sensed by the transducer, which pro-
Dimensions (L × W × H) 305 × 305 × 6 mm (plate); 305 × 127 × 45 mm (cover)
vides a measure of the elevation difference between the sensor and
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
the reservoir. The tubes are flushable and the closed loop vented trans-
ducer/reservoir system is not influenced by barometric pressure.

›
Model 3655 4655 Multipoint Settlement Systems Specifications
Ranges (3655) 7 kPa (0.68 m) H₂O; 10 kPa (1.02 m) H₂O;
The Model 3655/4655 Multipoint Settlement System comprises a series 17 kPa (1.73 m) H₂O; 35 kPa (3.57 m) H₂O
of sensitive pressure transducers connected by a special Nylon tube, (4655) 70 kPa (7.14 m) H₂O
which is connected to a liquid reservoir. The Nylon tube is filled with Resolution (3655) depends on readout;
(4655) 0.025% F.S.
de-aired water or a de-aired water/antifreeze mixture, if necessary. All
Accuracy¹ ±0.1% F.S.
sensors share the same liquid line and are referenced to the same liquid
Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C
elevation in the reservoir, which allows changes in the sensor elevations,
Tubing ½" Nylon (liquid); ¼" Polyethylene (vent)
relative to one another, to be measured. The Model 4655 utilizes VW
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges available on request.
sensors, while the Model 3655 utilizes Semiconductors with available
outputs of mV/V, 0-5 VDC or 4-20 mA.

Model 4651 Settlement Profiler Specifications

Range¹ 7m
The Model 4651 Settlement Profiler consists of a pressure transducer
Resolution 0.025% F.S.
inside a torpedo that is connected by a long liquid filled tube to a liquid
Accuracy ² ±0.1% F.S.
reservoir. The torpedo is pulled through a pipe buried in a fill, surcharge,
Reel Capacity up to 130 m (4651-1); up to 330 m (4651-2)
embankment, etc. The transducer gives a measurement of the elevation
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C (using antifreeze solutions)
profile of the pipe, relative to the reservoir located on stable ground. A
Dimensions (L × ø) 203 × 35 mm (probe); 178 × 610 mm (reel)
lightweight aluminum reel is included for storing the liquid tube.
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 4675 High Sensitivity Settlement System Specifications

Ranges¹ 100, 150, 300, 600 mm
The Model 4675 High Sensitivity Settlement System consists of a
Resolution 0.025% F.S.
series of vessels containing liquid level sensors interconnected by
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
a liquid filled tube. A reference vessel is positioned at a stable loca-
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C (using antifreeze solutions)
tion and observation vessels are positioned at different locations at
Dimensions depends on range
approximately the same elevation. This system is particularly suitable
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
for critical situations where high resolution is required. Settlements as
small as ±0.02 mm can be measured.

Model 4675OC Precision Settlement Monitoring System Specifications

Range¹ 75 mm
The Model 4675OC Precision Settlement Monitoring System is
Resolution¹ 0.025 mm
designed to measure differential settlements with a very high degree
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
of accuracy and resolution, making it suitable for critical applications
Temperature Range −20 °C to +80 °C (using antifreeze solutions)
where expected settlements are small. The system uses a 3" diameter
Dimensions depends on range
horizontal open channel pipe, half filled with water or antifreeze and
¹ Other ranges and resolutions available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory
fixed to the structure or tunnel under observation. Sensors are situated conditions. Accuracy can be achieved using polynomial calibration constants.
at required intervals along the pipe and connected to the water via
short lengths of tubing.

geokon
 › ›
11    Pressure Cells    Load Cells

›
Model 4800 Earth 4810 “Fat Back” Pressure Cells* Specifications 4800 4810
Ranges¹ 70, 170, 350, 700 kPa; 350, 700 kPa;
The Model 4800 is designed to measure total pressure in earth fills 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5, 20 MPa 1, 2, 3, 5 MPa
and embankments and consists of two circular stainless steel plates, Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure 1.5 × rated pressure
welded around their periphery, with a narrow cavity filled with de-aired Resolution 0.025% F.S. 0.025% F.S.
oil. Changing earth pressure squeezes the plates together causing a cor- Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S. ±0.1% F.S.
responding increase of oil pressure, which is measured by a vibrating Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C
wire pressure transducer connected via a short length of steel tubing. Cell Dimensions (H × ø)¹ 7 × 230 mm 15 × 230 mm
The Model 4810 is similar, but has an extra-thick backplate to minimize ¹ Other ranges/sizes available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
point loading effects when installed on concrete or rock surfaces.

Model 4820 Jackout Pressure Cell* Specifications

Ranges¹ 70, 170, 350, 700 kPa; 1, 2, 3, 5, 7.5, 20 MPa
The Model 4820 Jackout Pressure Cell is used to measure earth pres-
Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure
sures on slurry walls. It is designed to fit inside a plate that is pressed
Resolution 0.025% F.S.
against the side of a slurry wall excavation using a hydraulic jack
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
arrangement. This method of installation ensures that the jackout cell
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
is located with its sensitive face in contact with the adjacent soil.
Cell Dimensions (H × ø)¹ 19 × 150 mm
¹ Other ranges/sizes available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 4830 Push-In Pressure Cell* Specifications

Ranges¹ 70, 170, 350, 700 kPa; 1, 2, 3, 5 MPa
The Model 4830 Push-In Pressure Cell is designed to be pushed in
Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure
place for the measurement of total pressures in soils and earth fills.
Resolution 0.025% F.S.
Where effective stress is required, the cell is fitted with an integral
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
piezometer. The threaded end allows it to be attached to lengths of
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
pipe or drill rods for installation purposes.
Dimensions (L × W)¹ 610 × 51 mm
¹ Other ranges/sizes available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 4850 NATM Style Shotcrete Stress Cells Specifications 4850-1 4850-2
Ranges¹ 7.5, 20, 35 MPa 2, 3, 5 MPa
The Model 4850 NATM Style Shotcrete Stress Cells are designed for
Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure 1.5 × rated pressure
the measurement of tangential (4850-1) and radial (4850-2) stresses
Resolution 0.025% F.S. 0.025% F.S.
in shotcrete tunnel linings. The cells consist of two rectangular steel
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S. ±0.1% F.S.
plates welded together around the periphery with a de-aired fluid
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C
occupying the space between the plates. A short tube connects the
Dimensions (L × W × H)¹ 200 × 100 × 6 mm 250 × 150 × 6 mm
cell to a vibrating wire pressure transducer. A prestressing tube is
¹ Other ranges/sizes available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
provided for expanding the cell after the concrete has cured. Cells of
this type are also used for measurements of stress in mass concrete.

Model 4855 Pile Tip Pressure Cell* Specifications

Ranges¹ 2, 3, 5, 7.5, 10, 20 MPa
The Model 4855 is used to measure the pressure in cast-in-place con-
Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure
crete piles (caissons). The cell is roughly the diameter of the pile and has
Resolution 0.025% F.S.
a thick upper plate, which includes hooks or sections of rebar attached to
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
allow connection to the bottom of the reinforcement cage. Two vibrating
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
wire pressure transducers are included for redundancy in case damage
Dimensions (H × ø)¹ varies
occurs during installation, and a remote repressurization mechanism
¹ Other ranges/sizes available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
ensures good contact between the cell and the surrounding concrete.

›
Model 3000 4900 Load Cells Specifications 3000 4900
Rated Capacities¹ 100 to 10,000 kN 100 to 10,000 kN
The Model 4900 Vibrating Wire Load Cell (inset, right) consists of a
Over Range 1.5 × rated pressure 1.5 × rated pressure
cylinder of high-strength steel with 3 or 6 vibrating wire strain gauges
Resolution 0.025% F.S. 0.025% F.S.
located around its circumference. Loads applied to the cell are mea-
Accuracy  ² ±0.5% F.S. ±0.5% F.S.
sured by the vibrating wire strain gauges. The effects of uneven and
Temperature Range³ −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C
eccentric loading are minimized by averaging the output of all 3 or 6
Dimensions (ID)¹ solid, 25, 50, 75, 100, solid, 25, 50, 75, 100,
individual readings. The Model 3000 Load Cell (inset, left) has the same 125, 150, 200, 250 mm 125, 150, 200, 250 mm
annular design, using high-strength steel or aluminum, but uses electri- ¹ Other capacities and diameters available on request. The limit of the geokon nist traceable calibration capa-
cal resistance strain gauges in a Wheatstone Bridge configuration. bility is 12,000 kN (1,200 tons).  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
³  Other ranges available on request.

*Models are also available with semiconductor pressure transducers (please contact geokon for details).
 ›
12   Inclinometers

Model GK-604D Digital Inclinometer System Specifications

Range ±30°
The Model GK-604D Digital Inclinometer System includes a Model
Resolution (Probe) 0.0013°
6100D Digital Inclinometer Probe, a reel-mounted cable and a Model
Resolution (System)¹ ±0.025 mm/500 mm; ±0.0001 ft/2 ft
FPC-2 Field PC. The Digital Inclinometer Probe contains electronics to
Total System Accuracy  ² ±3 mm/30 m; ±0.125 in/100 ft
convert the analog voltage into a digital signal, which is transmitted
Temperature Range −30 °C to +85 °C; −22°F to +185°F
via the control cable to the cable reel containing the Interface. The
Wheel Base 0.5 m, 1 m; 2 ft
Interface communicates via Bluetooth® with the Field PC, which is
Casing Size ID 48 to 89 mm; 2 to 3.5 in
used to take the inclinometer survey and to store and view the survey
Dimensions (L × ø) 700 × 25 mm, 1200 × 25 mm; 32 × 1 in (probe)
data. A Digital Compass built into the Inclinometer Probe can be used
¹ ±10 arc seconds. The resolution shown is only true in the range of ±5° from vertical.
to correct the inclinometer data sets for any twist (or spiraling) in the ²  Within 3° of vertical.
inclinometer casings.

Model 6015 Horizontal Inclinometer Probe Specifications

Range ±53°
The Model 6015 Horizontal Inclinometer Probe is a modification of the
Resolution ±0.025 mm/500 mm (±10 arc seconds)
vertical probe, which allows it to be used in horizontal inclinometer
Total System Accuracy ¹ ±6 mm/30 m
casing. The probe, in effect, measures differential settlement along
Temperature Range 0 °C to +50 °C
the length of the casing.
Casing Size ID 59 to 79 mm
Dimensions (L × ø) 671 × 45 mm (probe)
¹ Within 3° of horizontal.

SiteMaster Inclinometer Data Reduction Software System Requirements

Operating Systems Windows® 8, 7, Vista, XP Professional
SiteMaster is a powerful inclinometer processing and presentation
Memory Requirements 512 MB or more (minimum). More RAM will
program that’s used to process and present all inclinometers within improve application performance.
a project. It can also include plan view displacement graphs related Hard Disk Requirements 60 MB (minimum)
to any excavation history. SiteMaster works with any inclinometer
system that produces a text data file. Data are stored systematically
in an easy to modify folder, with corresponding displacement graphs
organized in a simple and efficient manner. A reporting tool allows
reports to be quickly generated and exported in PDF or Microsoft®
Word™ format.

geokon
 ›
13   Inclinometers

Model 6150F Series MEMS Addressable In-Place Inclinometer System Specifications

Range ±15° (±54000 arc seconds)
The Model 6150F MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) Digital
Resolution¹ ±0.0001° (±0.2 arcseconds)
In-Place Addressable Inclinometer System consists of a string of Biaxial
Operating Temperature −40 °C to +80 °C
MEMS Tilt Sensors mounted on lengths of stainless steel tubing, which
Minimum Sensor Spacing 0.5 m
are cut to customer-specified segment lengths, and interconnected
Sensor Dimensions (L × ø) 240 × 32 mm
with universal joints. Spring-loaded wheel assemblies located at each
¹ All but one in a hundred individual readings would fall within our published tolerance.
joint allow the sensor string to engage the grooves of conventional incli- (Most measuring devices are specified with only a 95% confidence interval, meaning one in twenty
nometer casing. The tilt sensors are connected to each other by means readings exceed the stated limit, on average.)

of a four-wire bus cable and communicate via the industry standard

Modbus® Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) protocol. (Quantities of discon-
tinued Model 6150A/B/C/D/E Series versions are available on request.
Please contact geokon for more information.)

Model 6155 MEMS Horizontal In-Place Inclinometer Specifications

Range¹ ±15°
The Model 6155 MEMS Horizontal In-Place Inclinometer consists of a
Resolution ±0.02 mm/m (±4 arc seconds)
string of MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) tilt sensors (uniax-
Accuracy  ² ±0.05 mm/m (±10 arc seconds)
ial or biaxial) mounted on lengths of stainless steel tubing, which are cut
Sensor Output Analog (±4 V @ ±15°); Digital
to customer-specified segment lengths and linked together by universal
Shock Survival 2000 g
joints. The string of sensors is installed inside casing with all the sen-
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
sor cables passing to the surface where they are connected to Terminal
Dimensions (L × ø) 219 × 32 mm (sensor); 362 × 32 mm (sensor ³)
Boxes or Dataloggers. Several models are available, including analog,
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
digital and addressable versions, allowing for optimal configuration ³Addressable versions.
based on application and site specifics.

Model 6300 VW In-Place Inclinometer Specifications

Range¹ ±10°
The Model 6300 Vibrating Wire In-Place Inclinometer consists of a string
Resolution² ±0.05 mm/m (±10 arc seconds)
of Vibrating Wire Tilt Sensors mounted on lengths of stainless steel tub-
Accuracy ³ ±0.1% F.S.
ing, which are cut to customer-specified segment lengths, and linked
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
together by universal joints. The string of sensors is installed inside
Dimensions (L × ø) 187 × 32 mm (sensor)
grooved inclinometer casing with all the sensor cables passing to the
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
surface. The system is designed to be left in place to permit automatic ³  Depends on readout equipment.
or continuous reading of borehole inclination and lateral deflection.

Model 6400 Inclinometer Casing Specifications

Maximum OD 70 mm, 85 mm
Model 6400 Glue-Snap ABS Inclinometer Casing is used in conjunc-
Wall Thickness 5.5 mm
tion with an inclinometer probe or in-place inclinometer system to
Dimensions (L) 1.5 or 3 m
monitor the stability of embankments, slopes, foundation and exca-
Telescoping Coupling 609 mm (extended length)
vation walls, piles, etc. The Model 6400 is flush-coupled for quick 457 mm (compressed length)
and easy assembly. Telescoping Coupling OD 77 mm, 91 mm

Model 6500 Inclinometer Casing Specifications

Maximum OD 70 mm (casing)
The Model 6500 Inclinometer Casing is manufactured from pultruded 76.5 mm (coupling)
fiberglass to produce a lightweight, strong, environmentally resistant Wall Thickness 3 mm (casing)
casing with grooves free from spiraling. The casings and couplings 2 mm (coupling)
are pop-riveted together and the joints are waterproofed using caulk Dimensions (L) 3 m (casing)
300 mm (coupling) 
and tape.
Telescoping Coupling available up to 3 m (specify)
 › ›
14   Tiltmeters   Pendulums

Model 6101D MEMS Digital Tiltmeter Specifications

Range ±15°
The Model 6101D MEMS Digital Tiltmeter is a low-cost, portable device
Resolution ±0.02 mm/m (±4 arc seconds)
designed to measure tilt in structures such as buildings, dams, retain-
Accuracy¹ ±0.05 mm/m (±10 arc seconds)
ing walls and embankments, as well as measurements related to the
Sensor Output Digital
stability of slopes, open pits and the walls of excavations (e.g. slurry
Shock Survival 2000 g
walls). The sensing element is a highly accurate MEMS (Micro-Electro-
Temperature Range −40 °C to +70 °C
Mechanical Systems) tilt sensor, which communicates with the Model
Dimensions (L × W × H) 172 × 102 × 166 mm
FPC-2 Field PC Readout via Bluetooth.®
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 6160 MEMS Tilt Sensors Specifications

Range¹ ±15°
The Model 6160 MEMS Tilt Sensor is designed for attachment to struc-
Resolution ±0.02 mm/m (±4 arc seconds)
tures, on either a vertical or horizontal surface, and for the subsequent
Accuracy  ² ±0.05 mm/m (±10 arc seconds)
measurement of any tilting that may occur. The sensor comprises one
Sensor Output Analog (±4 V @ ±15°); Digital
(uniaxial) or two (biaxial) MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems)
Shock Survival 2000 g
sensors, with associated signal conditioning, packaged inside a water-
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
proof, stainless steel housing. Four versions are available: analog,
Dimensions (L × ø) 219 × 32 mm (sensor); 362 × 32 mm (sensor ³)
analog addressable, digital addressable and RS-485.
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
³Addressable versions.

Model 6161 MEMS Tilt Sensors Specifications

Range¹ ±15°
The Model 6161 MEMS Tilt Sensors are designed for attachment to
Resolution ±0.02 mm/m (±4 arc seconds)
structures, on either a vertical or horizontal surface, and for the sub-
Accuracy  ² ±0.05 mm/m (±10 arc seconds)
sequent measurement of any tilting that may occur. The sensor itself
Sensor Output Analog (±4 V @ ±15°); Digital
is a MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) sensor, which offers
Shock Survival 2000 g
a high range, with high sensitivity and accuracy. The included asso-
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
ciated signal conditioning yields an output of ±4 V at ±15° and is
Dimensions (L × W × H) 140 × 140 × 91 mm (6161A enclosure)
designed to drive long cables without degradation. (Also see the 220 × 120 × 91 mm (6161B/C enclosure)
Model 8003 (LC-3) Series MEMS Dataloggers, page 17.) to be determined (6161E enclosure)
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 6350 VW Tiltmeter Specifications

Range ±10°
The Model 6350 VW Tiltmeter is designed to measure tilt in structures
Resolution ±0.05 mm/m (±8 arc seconds)
such as buildings, dams and embankments and also for measurements
Accuracy¹ ±0.1% F.S.
related to the stability of slopes, open pits and the walls of excavations
Temperature Range ² −20 °C to +80 °C
(e.g. slurry walls). The tiltmeter is permanently attached to the structure
Dimensions (L × ø) 194 × 32 mm (transducer)
to be monitored and can make measurements on horizontal or vertical
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges available on request.
surfaces. Readings are taken with the Model GK-404/GK-405 Readout
or continuously and remotely with the 8600 Series or 8002 dataloggers.

Model 6165 MEMS Tilt Beam Specifications

Range¹ ±15°
The Model 6165 MEMS Tilt Beam is designed for attachment to struc-
Resolution ±0.02 mm/m (±4 arc seconds)
tures, on either a vertical or horizontal surface, for the measurement of
Accuracy  ² ±0.05 mm/m (±10 arc seconds)
any tilting or differential settlements that may occur. The Tilt Beams can
Sensor Output ±4 V @ ±15°
be coupled together in long horizontal strings to measure differential
Shock Survival 2000 g
settlement along embankments, railroad tracks, pipelines, tunnels,
Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
etc. They can also be used in vertical strings to measure the horizontal
Dimensions (L )¹ 1029 mm (Beam: standard, aluminum version)
deformation of retaining walls, sheet piling, etc.
¹ Other ranges/lengths available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.

Model 6850 Pendulum Readout Specifications

Range X: 0-50 mm, Y: 0-50 mm (2-D)
The Model 6850 is designed to make accurate measurements of the X: 0-50 mm, Y: 0-100 mm (2-D)
relative movements of normal and inverted pendulums, such as those X: 0-50 mm, Y: 0-100 mm, Z: 0-50 mm (3-D)
X: 0-50 mm, Y: 0-50 mm or 0-100 mm (2-D, Manual)
found in dams, and can be installed as a new system or as an electronic
Resolution 0.01 mm
upgrade for an existing system. The electronics package provides both
Accuracy better than 0.1 mm; 0.2 mm (2-D, Manual)
4-20 mA and EIA RS-485 data outputs. The data can be stored locally,
Operating Temperature −15 °C to +60 °C; n/a (2-D, Manual)
or remotely, with the 8600 Series Dataloggers, or others, and thence by
Dimensions (L × W × H) 380 × 330 × 145 mm, 425 × 375 × 190 mm (2-D)
hard-wire or modem to a computer. Manual sighting/reading tables with 425 × 375 × 190 mm (3-D)
optical (LED) readout are available where automated systems are not nec- 356 × 356 × 100 mm (2-D, Manual)
essary, or where a manual reading back-up is required.

geokon
 ›
15   Readouts

Model GK-404 Vibrating Wire Readout Specifications

Excitation Range 400 Hz to 6000 Hz, 5 volt Square Wave
The Model GK-404 Vibrating Wire Readout is a portable, low-power,
Resolution 0.1 digit, 0.1 Hz, 0.1 μs , 1 µε, 0.1 °C
handheld unit that is capable of running (continuously) for more than
Timebase Accuracy ±50 ppm
20 hours on two AA batteries. It is designed for the readout of all
Temperature Range −20 °C to +50 °C
geokon vibrating wire gauges and transducers, and is capable of dis-
Dimensions (L × W × H) 120 × 65 × 22 mm
playing the reading in digits, frequency (Hz), period (µs) or microstrain
(µε). The GK-404 also displays the temperature of the thermistor
embedded in the transducer (if applicable) with a resolution of 0.1 °C.

Model 404 Intrinsically Safe Vibrating Wire Readout Specifications

Excitation Range 400 Hz to 6000 Hz, 5 volt Square Wave
The Model 404, based on the GK-404 (above) and designed in coopera-
Resolution 0.1 digit, 0.1 Hz, 0.1 μs , 1 µε, 0.1 °C
tion with GEL Instrumentation, is a portable, low-power, hand-held unit,
Timebase Accuracy ±50 ppm
capable of running (continuously) for more than 6 hours on a single
Temperature Range −20 °C to +40 °C
charge. The Model 404 is designed for use in hazardous environments
Dimensions (L × W × H) 165 × 110 × 45 mm
(IECEx ia, approval SIM 13.0014X) and is only approved to read desig-
nated geokon vibrating wire sensors, identified as Type 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Six excitation positions (A-F) are provided, with a display resolution of
0.1 digit. The Model 404 is capable of displaying the reading in either
digits, frequency (Hz), period (μs) or microstrain (µε). The 404 also
displays the temperature of the thermistor embedded in the transducer
(if applicable) with a resolution of 0.1 °C.

Model GK-405 Vibrating Wire Readout Specifications

Excitation Range 450 Hz to 6000 Hz, 5 Volt Square Wave
The Model GK-405 comprises a battery powered readout unit that com-
Resolution 0.001 Hz
municates via Bluetooth® with the Model FPC-2 Field PC running
Timebase Accuracy ±50 ppm
the GK-405 application. It is designed for the readout of all geokon
Temperature Range −10 °C to +50 °C
Vibrating Wire sensors and is cable of displaying the reading in digits,
Dimensions (L × W × H) 210 × 165 × 185 mm
microstrain (µε) and microseconds. The GK-405 also displays the tem-
perature of the thermistor embedded in the transducer (if applicable)
with a resolution of 0.1° C. Readings can be stored and exported to a
number of different file formats, and syncing to a host computer is eas-
ily done. The GK-405 Readout is available with or without the FPC-2.

Model FPC-2 Field PC Specifications

Processor Texas Instruments 4470 dual-core @ 1.5 GHz
The Model FPC-2 is a rugged, handheld, easy-to-use field PC that is
Operating System Microsoft® Windows® Embedded Handheld 6.5.3
particularly useful in harsh environments, too extreme for a typical lap-
Memory/Disk 1 GB RAM/4 GB iNAND Flash
top PC. It can read Digital Inclinometer Probes and Tiltmeters when
Battery Li-ion, 3.7 V 5200 mAh (19.2 Wh)
used in conjunction with Model GK-604D, and Vibrating Wire Sensors (Warm-swappable) with smart gauge
when used in conjunction with Model GK-405. The FPC-2 is a stand- Operating Temperature −30 °C to 60 °C, MIL-STD-810G, 501.5/502.5
alone device for reading Model 3810A Addressable Thermistor Strings Procedure II and III
and the Model 6101D MEMS Digital Tiltmeter. It can also be used to Dimensions (L × W × H) 191 × 80 × 35 mm
take compass bearings (with Inclinometer Probes) and to program and
retrieve data from Model 8002 (LC-2) Series Dataloggers using LogView
Mobile software.
 › ›
16   Readouts   Dataloggers

Model GK-406 Vibrating Wire Analyzer Specifications

Resolution 0.001 Hz RMS
The GK-406 is field ready and used to quickly measure a sensor, save
Excitation 2 V, 5 V, 12 V (user selectable)
the data, and communicate the results with custom PDF reports and
Accuracy ±0.005% of reading
spreadsheet output. The VWA uses spectral-analysis technology
Battery Five AA (1.5 V)
(VSPECT™), which can be helpful for reading sensors in electrically
Temperature Range −20 °C to +70 °C
noisy environments. The large color display offers an easy-to-view
Dimensions (L × W × H) 200 × 100 × 58 mm
graphical presentation of the sensor output and operation, and a Project
File maintains Site/Sensor information for 40 unique sites, with up to
22 sensors per site. Site/Sensor locations are geolocated, allowing the
internal GPS to guide a user directly to a sensor location.

Model GK-502 Load Cell Readout Specifications

Range ±31250 digits
The Model GK-502 Load Cell Readout is designed to read 4- and 6-wire
Resolution ±1 digit
geokon Model 3000 load cells (see page 11). The readout incorpo-
Accuracy ±0.05% F.S. (±30 digits)
rates a 12 Volt, 1.4 Ahr Sealed Lead Acid battery, 16 × 2 graphic LCD
Power Requirements 12 VDC @ 22 mA (operating); 12 VDC @ 16 mA (off)
with backlight, membrane keypad, and battery charger circuit. Two
Operating Temperature −30 °C to +50 °C
side-mounted Bendix® connectors are provided for load cell and com-
Dimensions (L × W × H) 102 × 165 × 232 mm (enclosure)
munications/battery charger connection. The GK-502 displays the
output in Digits, mV, mV/V, or in engineering units (lbs, Kg, Kips, etc.)
by entering a gauge factor and zero reading.

Model RB-500 MEMS Readout Specifications

Range ±4.000 volts
The Model RB-500 MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems)
Display Range ±1.999 volts
Readout is designed to read the voltage output from MEMS sensors.
Resolution  1 mV
The RB-500 incorporates a 12 volt, 1.2 Ahr lead acid battery, a 4½
Accuracy ±0.06% F.S.
digit liquid crystal display (LCD), a power on/off switch and an A/B
Power Requirements 12 VDC @ 50 mA
selector switch. The RB-500 supplies +12 V power to the MEMS sen-
Operating Temperature −30 °C to +50 °C
sor and displays the sensor output in volts, which is proportional to
Dimensions (L × W × H) 102 × 165 × 232 mm (enclosure)
the angle of inclination.

Model 4999 Terminal Box Specifications

Switching Current 0.25 A (typical), 4 A (maximum)
The Model 4999 Terminal Box allows instrument leads to be grouped
Contact Resistance 50 mΩ (maximum)
in one convenient location, thereby saving time when readings have
Insulation Resistance > 10,000 MΩ
to be made on a number of instruments. Housed in a fiberglass enclo-
Switch Life > 25,000 cycles
sure, the Terminal Box provides a quick and easy means of taking
Enclosure NEMA 4X fiberglass
sensor readings. The Terminal Box can handle up to sixteen 4-conductor
Temperature Range −20 °C to +80 °C
sensors (e.g. 16 vibrating wire gauges with their thermistors) or thirty-
Dimensions (L × W × H)¹ 342 × 301 × 160 mm
two 2-conductor sensors (e.g. 32 vibrating wire gauges). It's protected
¹ Does not include mounting feet. Other sizes and configurations available (please contact geokon for details).
from lightning damage by plasma surge arrestors and a suitable earth-
ground connection. (4 and 8 channel Terminal Boxes also available.)

Model 4999-12L / E LAB3 Surge Module Specifications

Breakdown Voltage 6 V, 16 V or 30 V nominal
The Model 4999-12L/E LAB3 Surge Protection Module is designed
Peak Current 10 kA (20 μs) maximum
to protect geokon transducers, dataloggers and power supplies
Temperature Range −20 °C to +80 °C
from short duration, high voltage surges that may be induced in the
Dimensions (L × W × H) 160 × 74 × 76 mm
transducer or interconnecting cables. Protection is provided by cir-
cuitry including tripolar plasma surge arrestors, transient suppression
diodes and inductors.

geokon
 › ›
17   Dataloggers   Software

Model 8020-59 Vibrating Wire Frequency to Analog Converter Specifications

Power Requirements 12 V or 24 V
The Model 8020-59 Vibrating Wire (VW) Frequency to Analog Converter 90 mA @ 12 V (operation), 10 µA (standby)
provides a simple way to connect geokon vibrating wire transducers 75 mA @ 24 V (operation), 16.5 mA (standby)
to data acquisition systems that are not capable of reading frequency Operation Modes Single Channel, 16 VW sensors with thermistors,
or 32 VW sensors
signals nor able to generate the proper signals required to excite VW
Output (Analog) 0-5 V, 4-20 mA (non-isolated loop generator)
transducers. The converter can operate as a stand-alone device for
Resolution 16 bit
single transducers, or in conjunction with the Model 8032 Multiplexer
Accuracy ±0.1% F.S. (0-5 V), ±0.5% F.S. (4-20 mA)
for multiple transducers. The converter is powered using either a 12 V
Temperature Range −20 °C to +80 °C
or 24 V supply.
Dimensions (L × W × H) 111 × 108 × 36 mm (with cover)

›
Model 4500CPR 8020-42CPR Autoresonant Vibrating Wire Sensors Specifications 4500CPR 8020-42CPR
Input ±12 VDC at 50 mA (max) ±12 VDC at 50 mA (max)
Autoresonant Vibrating Wire Sensors expand the possibilities of
Output 4-20 mA; Frequency¹ 4-20 mA; Frequency
dynamic monitoring while retaining the inherent long-term stability of (100 Hz dynamic range) (20 Hz dynamic range)
the geokon line of vibrating wire instruments. geokon offers three Temperature Range 0 °C to +40 °C 0 °C to +70 °C
types of autoresonant sensor: One uses a custom sensor and an elec- ¹ Open collector output: requires external pull-up termination resistor.
tronic adaptor (Model 4500CPR), another uses the standard vibrating
wire sensor and an electronic adaptor (Model 8020-42CPR) and the
third type is a custom sensor with internal electronics (see the Model
4500AR Autoresonant Piezometer, page 9).

Model 8002 (LC-2) Series Dataloggers Specifications

Measurement Accuracy ±0.05% F.S. (450-4000 Hz)
The Model 8002-1 (LC-2) and Model 8002-1A (LC-2A) are stand-alone,
Measurement Resolution 1 part in 20,000
single-channel dataloggers, designed to read both the vibrating wire
Program Memory 24K FLASH
element and the integral thermistor of any geokon vibrating wire
Data Memory 320K EEPROM
sensor. The Model 8002-4 (LC-2×4) provides 4 channels of vibrating
Temperature Range −30 °C to +50 °C
wire (with thermistor). The Model 8002-16 (LC-2×16) is similar to the
Dimensions (L × W × H) 122 × 120 × 91 mm (LC-2(A))
LC-2×4, but provides 16 channels of vibrating wire (with thermistor). 260 × 160 × 91 mm (LC-2×4)
The dataloggers are housed inside Fiberglass NEMA 4X enclosures, 342 × 301 × 160 mm (LC-2×16)1
suitable for operation in harsh environments. Power is provided via ¹ Does not include mounting feet.

alkaline D cells or an optional external 12 V source.

Model 8003 (LC-3) Series MEMS Dataloggers Specifications

Accuracy ±0.05% F.S.
The Model 8003 Series LC-3 MEMS Dataloggers are designed to read
Resolution 18 bit
MEMS sensors and their integral thermistors. The 8003A and 8003B
Storage Capacity (Arrays) 21,000
are standalone dataloggers to which external MEMS sensors are
Temperature Range −30 °C to +50 °C
connected via cables, while the 8003C and 8003D are dataloggers
Temperature Measurement 1.0% F.S. (accuracy); 0.1 °C (resolution)
containing integral MEMS sensors. The Model 8003 Series LC-3
Scan Interval 5-86,400 seconds (24 hours)
MEMS Dataloggers are powered by three, easily accessible, alkaline
Dimensions (L × W × H) 122 × 120 × 81 mm (8003A/B)
D cells, or by an optional 12 V source. A solar panel and rechargeable 120 × 220 × 90 mm¹ (8003C/D)
batteries can also be used. ¹ Mounting Panel:  276 × 133 × 6 mm

›
Model 8001-3 LogView 8001-10 LogView Mobile Software System Requirements
Operating Systems Windows® 7, Vista, XP Pro, XP (LogView)
LogView Software simplifies the task of configuration, communica- Windows® Mobile 6.1 or greater (LogView Mobile)
tion, monitoring, data collection and data reduction when using LC-2 .NET Frameworks Microsoft® Compact Framework 3.5 (LogView Mobile)
and LC-3 Series Dataloggers. The software is an easy-to-use, menu- System Requirements Pentium® IV (or equivalent) running at 500 MHz;
based application, and includes screens for configuration, connection, (Minimum) 64 MB RAM; 20 MB Hard Disk¹ (LogView)
measurement and data collection, plus a real-time text-based monitor, Storage Memory 10 MB free (minimum), 20 MB free (recommended)
(LogView Mobile)
graphical monitor and terminal emulator. LogView Mobile performs
Program Memory 5 MB free (minimum), 10 MB free (recommended)
most of the same functions as LogView but was designed to operate (LogView Mobile)
on a ruggedized, handheld PC, such as the Model FPC-2. ¹ Space required for LogView software installation and log files only. Additional space is required
to accommodate data files.
 › ›
18   Dataloggers   Software

Model 8600 Series Dataloggers Specifications (Excitation Outputs)

Resolution 50 nV (±200 mV range, differential measurement,
The Model 8600 Series Dataloggers are designed around the input reversal, 5 Hz fN₁) (analog);
Campbell Scientific, Inc. Model CR6 Measurement and Control 0.001 Hz RMS (frequency)
Module. Manufactured primarily for use with vibrating wire sensors Accuracy ±(0.04% of reading + 2 microvolts), 0-40 °C (analog);
±0.013% of reading (vibrating wire)
and thermistors, the Model 8600 Series can also be configured to
Battery 12 V, 7 Ah Gel Cell (8600-1/2)
read MEMS, Carlson, voltage, 4-20 ma, and numerous other specialty 4 × D-cell (Li 8.5 Ah) (8600-3)
sensor types. The Model 8600-1 and 8600-2 Dataloggers are housed Temperature Range −40 °C to +70 °C
in a NEMA 4X fiberglass reinforced polyester enclosure. The Model Dimensions (L × W × H)¹ 392 × 352 × 161 mm (8600-1);
8600-3 Datalogger is housed in a rugged, water-resistant PVC enclo- 502 × 461 × 263 mm (8600-2);
please consult geokon (8600-3)
sure together with an integral Spread Spectrum Radio (for wireless
¹ Does not include mounting feet.
data transmission).

Model 8026 Wireless Datalogger Specifications (Excitation Outputs)

Range ±2.5 millivolts to ±5 volts (analog);
The Model 8026 is designed around the Campbell Scientific, Inc. DC to 200 kHz (frequency)
Model CR800 datalogger to read geokon Vibrating Wire sensors. It’s Resolution 0.33 microvolts to 1333 microvolts (analog);
housed in a rugged, water-resistant PVC enclosure (optional stainless ±35 nS/number of cycles measured (frequency)
steel and waterproof enclosures available) together with a battery Accuracy ±0.12% F.S. of reading, plus offset (analog);
±0.01% of reading, plus resolution (frequency)
pack and a RF modem (for wireless data transmission). It’s configured
Excitation Output ±2.5 V at 25 mA (maximum)
to read 6 sensors; either 6 VW or 3 VW plus 3 thermistors, or any com-
Battery 4 × D cell Lithium 8.5 Ah
bination thereof. A Spread Spectrum Radio Modem and Antenna are
Temperature Range −25 °C to +50 °C (−55 °C to +80 °C optional)
typically installed with the 8026.
Dimensions (H × ø) 381 × 168 mm

Model 8032 Multiplexer (MUX) Specifications

Switching Current 1 A (maximum)
The Model 8032 Multiplexer expands the number of channels that can
Contact Resistance 0.1 Ω (maximum)
be read by the 8600 Series Dataloggers or GK-404/GK-405 Vibrating
Insulation Resistance > 1 GΩ
Wire Readout. The channels are protected against voltage surges with
Switch Life > 200,000 cycles
tripolar plasma surge arrestors and bipolar surge arrestors. Optional
Enclosure NEMA 4X fiberglass
manual switches may be connected to allow manual measurements
Temperature Range −40 °C to +60 °C
with a portable readout in tandem with those taken automatically
Dimensions (L × W × H)¹ 342 × 301 × 160 mm
with the datalogger.
¹ Does not include mounting feet.

Model 8040 Series Wireless Vibrating Wire Interface Specifications

Input Range 100 to 6500 Hz (vibrating wire); ±2500 mV (thermistor)
The Model 8040 Series is designed to expand the data collection
Resolution 0.001 Hz RMS (vibrating wire); 0.001 Ω RMS (thermistor)
possibilities of the Model 8600 Series Dataloggers via wireless con-
Accuracy ±0.013% of reading (vibrating wire);
nectivity, which eliminates the need for running lengthy cables. ±0.25% of reading (thermistor)
Available for 2, 4 or 16 sensors (VW plus thermistor), the 8040 Series Wireless Transmission Range up to 10 miles (when using a higher gain directional
comprises Campbell Scientific’s AVW206 (or AVW216) spectrum ana- antenna, under ideal conditions)
lyzer (with built-in 900 Hz or 2.4 GHz radio transmitter), power supply Battery 12 V, 7 Ah Gel Cell
and antenna. It’s housed in a rugged NEMA 4X enclosure designed Temperature Range −25 °C to +50 °C (−55 °C to +80 °C optional)
for use in harsh environments. Dimensions (L × W × H) varies by model (please contact geokon)

LoggerNet Datalogger Software System Requirements

Operating Systems Windows® 10, 8 and 7 (32 and 64 bit versions)
LoggerNet Datalogger Software supports programming, communica-
Minimum Requirements Windows® 7 running on an Intel®-based PC
tion, and data retrieval between the CSI based geokon dataloggers
and a PC. It includes tools for network setup, configuration, monitor-
ing, and backup; datalogger programming, maintenance, and data
collection; and real-time or historical data display.

VDV Vista Data Visualization Software Hosting Service Configuration¹

Graph per sensor or per group of sensors
Vista Data Vision (VDV) is a hosted software package which organizes
Alarm for low battery voltage and for missing data collection
and displays data collected from almost any datalogger system includ-
Scaling of sensor readings
ing geokon Model 8600 and 8002 Series Dataloggers for viewing
Cumulative displacement graphs for In Place Inclinometers
over the Internet via all major web browsers. Users can view and dis-
Real-Time Displays (RTD) showing latest data, per location with background image
play data from multiple sensors in graphical format, which makes it
Alarm thresholds
possible to identify max, min and average for any period of time. Data
3 usernames and passwords for access to the web based data hosting service
can also be viewed as a table and downloaded into a .txt file.
¹ Please contact geokon for further details and hosting packages.

geokon
 › ›
19    Wireless Networks    Addressable Systems   Software ›

Model 8800 Series GeoNet Wireless Network Specifications

Measurement Accuracy ±0.025% F.S. (400-5000 Hz)
GeoNet is a low-power, wireless data acquisition network developed to
Radio Frequency, ISM Band 900 MHz¹; 2.4 GHz ²
more efficiently collect data from many points. The system consists of a
Range³ (Outdoor) 26 km (6500 m × 4 hops)¹; 3 km (750 m × 4 hops) ²
Network Supervisor (8800-2), which controls the network, and up to 100
Range³ (Indoor, Urban) 1220 m (305 m × 4 hops)¹; 240 m (60 m × 4 hops) ²
Single-Channel Sensor Nodes (8800-1). The system is compatible with
Data Memory 32 MB
all geokon Vibrating Wire instruments. GeoNet is built on top of the
Storage Capacity >1.04 M Arrays
IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The network is self-healing and will reconfigure
Power Supply D Cell Alkaline or Lithium (2×)
itself, if possible, to tolerate disturbances in the physical environment.
Operating Temperature −40 °C to +85 °C
Up to 12 networks can coexist in the same area by setting each to a dif-
Dimensions (L × W × H) 122 × 120 × 91 mm
ferent operating frequency (channel). A Cellular Modem (8800-2-4A) and
¹ North America, Brazil, Singapore, Australia.  |  ²  Other countries.  |  ³  Line-of-sight, maximum 4 hops.
Network Serial Server (8800-2-4B) option are available for the GeoNet
Network Supervisor, both of which are housed in a rugged, RFI shielded
fiberglass enclosure.

Model 8800 Series GeoNet Multiplexers Specifications

Supply Voltage (Nominal) 2.8 V - 3.6 V (3.3 V)
GeoNet Multiplexers expand the capacity of each Model 8800-1 Sensor
Quiescent Current (Typical) 50 µA
Node to 8 channels, thereby allowing clusters of closely spaced sensors
On-state Current (Typical) 10 mA (varies with temperature)
to be added to the system, or to add vibrating wire load cells (which
Switch Resistance (Max) 10 Ω added in series to each VW coil
contain between 3-6 sensors), multipoint borehole extensometers
Datalogger Cable 3m
(which contain between 3-8 sensors) or multilevel piezometers.
Dimensions (L × W × H) 260 × 160 × 91 mm (8800-8-1/3)
Sensor cables are connected to the multiplexer through cable glands 360 × 160 × 91 mm (8800-8-2)
(Model 8800-8-1, 8800-8-3) or via 10-pin connectors (Model 8800-8-2).
Multiplexers are connected to the nodes via a 3 m interconnect cable
(with a 10-pin connector at each end) and are supplied with mounting
brackets for attaching to poles or backboards as required.

Model 8020-30 Addressable Vibrating Wire Interface Specifications

Range 400 Hz to 5000 Hz
The Model 8020-30 Addressable Interface is designed to “daisy-chain”
Accuracy 0.005%
up to 100 vibrating wire sensors on a single 4-conductor cable. It is
Resolution better than 0.005 Hz
particularly useful for reducing cable runs in multipoint systems, incre-
Sweep/Read Duration < 500 ms
mental extensometers, and for applications where many sensor cables
Communication Modbus® RTU over RS-485 @ 9600 baud
might compromise a grout or cement bond. The system features state
Temperature Range −40 °C to +70 °C
of the art signal conditioning and digital addressing. (Please contact
geokon for more information). Readout is achieved with the FPC-2
Field PC, 8600 Series Dataloggers or via a PC application.

sensemetrics Integration System Requirements

Minimum Requirements Internet browser only (Chrome™ or Firefox™)
The sensemetrics software platform provides an advanced suite of con-
Operating Systems Not applicable
nectivity and data management tools for distributed sensor networks.
Database Requirements Not applicable
The platform is built around THREADS, which are known for their wide
range of sensor support and ease of installation. These “smart” devices,
integrated with geokon 8002 (LC-2) Series Dataloggers, GeoNet
Wireless Network, Addressable VW Interfaces, Thermistor Strings and
MEMS IPIs, greatly expand the ways in which data can be collected
remotely. In addition, they feature “plug and play” connectivity and
the ability to display data in real-time, on a user-friendly, cloud-hosted,
browser-based data platform.
 ›
20   Stressmeters

Model 3200 Hydraulic Borehole Pressure Cells Specifications

Ranges¹ 20, 35, 75 MPa
The standard Borehole Pressure Cell (BPC) is used to measure rock
Resolution 0.25% of range (approximately)
stress changes and is designed to be grouted inside a borehole. The
Accuracy  ² ±0.25% F.S. (gauge);
BPC is manufactured from two steel plates welded together around ±0.1% F.S. (transducer)
their periphery. The plates are deformed into a “dog bone” configura- Borehole Size 57 mm
tion so that they can be expanded easily without damaging the welds. Temperature Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C
Hydraulic oil fills the space between the two plates and a high-pressure Dimensions (L × W × H) 210 × 51 × 6 mm
stainless steel tube connects the plates to a stainless steel pressure ¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
gauge and/or a pressure transducer.

Model 4300 Borehole Stressmeters Specifications

Range in Compression¹ 35 to 100 MPa
The Model 4300 Vibrating Wire Borehole Stressmeter is designed for
Range in Tension 3 MPa
long-term measurements of stress changes in rock and can be installed
Resolution¹ 2 to 140 kPa
in boreholes up to 100 feet deep. It utilizes a vibrating wire transducer
Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C
to measure the deformation of a thick-walled steel ring preloaded into
Borehole Diameter 37 to 39 mm (4300EX)
the borehole by a wedge and platen assembly. Changes in rock stress 59 to 61 mm (4300BX)
cause a related change in the resonant frequency of vibration of the 75 to 77.5 mm (4300NX)
tensioned wire, which is read by the Model GK-404 or GK-405 Readouts. ¹ Depends on rock modulus.  |  ²  High temperature versions (up to 200 °C) available on request.

Model 4350 Biaxial Stressmeter Specifications

Range 70 MPa
The Model 4350 Vibrating Wire Biaxial Stressmeter is designed to mea-
Resolution¹ 14 to 70 kPa
sure compressive stress changes in rock, salt, concrete or ice. Three or
Accuracy  ² ±0.1% F.S.
six VW sensors oriented at 60° intervals around a high-strength steel
Temperature Range³ −20 °C to +80 °C
cylinder allow the principal stress changes to be measured in the plane
Borehole Diameter 60 mm (BX)
perpendicular to the stressmeter axis. The stressmeter is grouted (or fro-
¹ Depends on rock modulus.  |  ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
zen, in the case of ice) into a BX (60 mm) size borehole. ³  Other ranges available on request.

Model 4360 Soft Inclusion Stress Cells (SISC) Specifications

Range¹ ±35 MPa
The Model 4360 Vibrating Wire SISC is a larger version of the Model
Resolution¹ 35 kPa
4300 Borehole Stressmeters. The SISC is pre-loaded by wedging it into
Accuracy  ² ±0.5% F.S.
a large size diamond drill hole using an integral screw mechanism or
Temperature Range³ −20 °C to +80 °C
hydraulic piston. The SISC can be set to measure both tensile and/or
Borehole Diameter ³ NX, HQ, PQ, 152 mm
compression stress changes. It has been used successfully in 152 mm
¹ Proportional to rock modulus; figures given are for E = 0.03 × 106 MPa.
diameter overcoring holes (drilled to measure in situ stresses) to mea- ²  Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
sure Aggregate/Alkali Reactions (AAR) in concrete dams. ³  Other ranges and diameters available on request.

Model 4370 Concrete Stressmeter Specifications

Range −3 MPa to +25 MPa
The Model 4370 Vibrating Wire Concrete Stressmeter comprises a
Resolution 10 kPa
short vibrating wire load cell in series with a longer cylinder of con-
Accuracy ¹ ±0.25% F.S.
crete, which has the same properties as the surrounding concrete
Temperature Range² −20 °C to +80 °C
but is de-bonded from it by means of a plastic tube. It’s coupled at its
Dimensions (L × ø) 600 × 76 mm; 66 mm (ID)
ends to the surrounding concrete by means of two flanges. The vibrat-
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.  |  ²  Other ranges available on request.
ing wire load cell measures the load imposed on the inner concrete
cylinder by stresses in the surrounding concrete.

Model 5000 Borehole Deformation Gauge Specifications

Borehole Diameter 38 mm EX-size diamond drill hole
The Model 5000 Borehole Deformation Gauge is the proven USBM-style
Resolution 1.0 με
gauge used to measure in situ rock stresses using the overcoring tech-
Minimum Overcore Depth 203 mm (25 mm with reverse case)
nique in rock that is competent and elastic. The measurement of in situ
Maximum Overcore Depth 15 m standard (60 m with extra cable)
stresses is important in the design of underground openings such as
Temperature Range −20 °C to +80 °C
power houses, crushing stations, mines, tunnels and the like. It is also
Dimensions (L × ø) 267 × 35 mm
useful for determining the inherent stability of pit slopes, foundation
excavations, mine pillars and dam abutments.

geokon
 ›
21    Fiber Optic

Model FP4000 Fiber Optic Strain Gauge Specifications FP4000-1.0 FP4000-2.5 FP4000-5.0
Ranges −1000 to +1000 µε −2500 to +2500 µε −5000 to +5000 µε
The Model FP4000 Fiber Optic Strain Gauge is designed for use in
Resolution 0.15 µε 0.30 µε 0.50 µε
environments where it may be difficult to use conventional types of
Gauge Factor Accuracy¹ ±3% F.S ±3% F.S ±10% F.S.
strain gauges because of space considerations, high levels of electri-
Temperature Sensitivity 0.85 to 1.22 µε/ °C 0.85 to 1.22 µε/ °C 0.85 to 1.22 µε/ °C
cal interference or where intrinsic safety is an issue. Measurements
Transverse transverse strain transverse strain transverse strain
of dynamic events are also possible with these gauges and the req- Strain Sensitivity insensitive insensitive insensitive
uisite dataloggers. The strain gauges have a very low coefficient of Temperature −40 °C −40 °C −40 °C
thermal expansion and can be used to measure both mechanical and Operating Range to +80 °C to +80 °C to +80 °C
thermo-mechanical strains in a variety of different materials. Dimensions (L × W × H) 100 × 25 × 1 mm 100 × 25 × 1 mm 100 × 25 × 1 mm
¹ The accuracy of the OSP sensors is determined by sample testing of controlled batches at the factory.
The manufacturing technique results in the spans shown above and is confirmed by actual
strain tests performed on samples from batch lots.

Model FP4700 Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor Specifications

Temperature Ranges¹ −40 °C to +250 °C
The Model FP4700 Fiber Optic Temperature Sensor is designed for
Resolution 0.1 °C
use in environments where high levels of electrical interference exist
Accuracy  ² ±1.0 °C
or where intrinsic safety is an issue. The FP4700 uses the tempera-
Response Time 1.5 s typical
ture-dependent birefringence of a specially selected crystal as the
Operating Humidity Range 0-100%
temperature transduction mechanism. This crystal does not show
Dimensions (L × ø) 50 × 4.8 mm (sensor)
thermal creep or aging as with some other fiber optic sensors.
¹ The available operating range is dependent on cable type (contact geokon with temperature parameters).
²  Total accuracy over the full range including both signal conditioner and sensor errors.
Higher accuracy available on request.

FP4911 Fiber Optic Rebar Strainmeter Specifications

Range −1000 to +1000 µε
The Model FP4911 Fiber Optic Rebar Strainmeter is designed for mea-
Resolution 0.15 µε
suring strains in foundations, slurry walls, precast piles, caissons,
Accuracy ±0.25% F.S.
bridge abutments, tunnel liners, etc. The standard Model FP4911
Nonlinearity < 0.5% F.S.
(#4 rebar), known as the “Sister Bar,” is installed alongside structural
Temperature Sensitivity 0.85 to 1.22 µε/ °C
rebar. The Fibre Optic element employed in this sensor makes it par-
Temperature Operating Range¹ −40 °C to +80 °C
ticularly suitable where dynamic measurements are to be made and/
Rebar Size 4 (Sister Bar)
or on projects where other fiber optic sensors are deployed.
Active Gauge Length 914 mm
¹ Other ranges available on request.
 › ›
22   Temperature   Miscellaneous

Model 2100 Nold DeAerator™ Specifications

Standard Capacity 8 liter
De-aired water or antifreeze solutions are an essential ingredient of any
Power Supply 115 V (60 Hz) or 230 V (50/60 Hz)
hydraulic piezometer or settlement system where the formation of air
Power Consumption 59 watts (115 V) or 64/59 watts (230 V)
bubbles in the fluid-filled tubing must be prevented. The Nold DeAerator
Vacuum Requirements 750 mm Hg (12 Torr) or better
removes dissolved gases from fluids at a much faster rate than conven-
Degassing Purity 0.6 ppm
tional heating/boiling methods. The holding tank of the Model 2100 can
Dimensions (L × W × H) 190 × 190 × 600 mm
be evacuated using either a vacuum pump or a water-powered aspira-
tor. Water (or antifreeze solution) is drawn into the tank and agitated
violently by a rotating impeller, causing cavitation, nucleation and rapid
expulsion of dissolved gases. The Nold DeAerator can also be used with
other fluids to remove dissolved gases.

Model 3400 Semiconductor Piezometers / Pressure Transducers Specifications

Ranges 100, 250, 400, 600 kPa; 1, 2.5, 6 MPa
The Model 3400 Semiconductor Piezometers and Pressure Transducers
Over Range 2 × rated pressure
are intended for dynamic measurements of fluid and/or pore water
Output 10 mV/v, 4-20 mA, 0-5 V
pressures in standpipes, boreholes, embankments, pipelines, pressure
Accuracy < 0.1% F.S. (dependent on readout)
vessels, reservoirs, etc. They are also used for static pressure move-
Linearity < 0.5% F.S.
ment where the readout system is incompatible with vibrating wire
Temperature Range −20 °C to +80 °C
type transducers. Three transducer output options are available: mV/V,
Dimensions (L × ø) 194 × 32 mm
0-5 VDC or 4-20 mA.

Model 3800 Thermistor Probes Specifications 3800-1 / 2 3800HT

Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C −30 °C to +230 °C
The Model 3800 Thermistor Probe consists of an interchangeable therm-
Resolution 0.1 °C 0.1 °C
istor bead mounted inside a rugged PVC (Model 3800-1) or stainless
Accuracy  ² ±0.5 °C; ±0.2 °C ±0.5 °C
steel (Model 3800-2, 3800HT) housing. They are used for remote readings,
Dimensions (L × ø) 50 × 12 mm (probe) 75 × 19 mm (probe)
such as measuring hydration and cooling temperatures in placement of
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Accuracy of ±0.5 °C for Models 3800-1-1 and 3800-2-1;
mass concrete. The 3800HT is for temperatures of up to 230 °C. ±0.2 °C for Models 3800-1-2 and 3800-2-2.

Model 3810 Thermistor Strings Specifications 3810-1 3810-2

Range¹ −20 °C to +80 °C −20 °C to +80 °C
The Model 3810 Thermistor String comprises a number of individual
Resolution 0.1 °C 0.1 °C
3800 sensors mounted in a rugged, multi-conductor cable for multiple
Accuracy  ² ±0.5 °C ±0.2 °C
temperature measurements in a single borehole. Thermistor strings are
Dimensions (L × ø) 45 × 16 mm (sensor) 64 × 22 mm (sensor)
manufactured according to customer requirements for overall length,
¹ Other ranges available on request.  |  ²  Stated accuracy is for the thermistor sensor only, between 0 °C and 70 °C.
number of sensors and accuracy. The cable used to connect the thermistor to the readout adds resistance and measurement error.

Model 3810A Addressable Thermistor Strings Specifications

Range −20 °C to +80 °C
The Model 3810A Addressable Thermistor String is a variation of the
Resolution (Non-Linear) 0.002 °C (0° to +50 °C); 0.005 °C (−20° to +80 °C)
Model 3810 Thermistor String, which uses addressable thermistor sensors
Accuracy  ±0.35 °C @ −20° to −10 °C; ±0.15 °C @ −10° to 0 °C;
installed on a 2-pair cable. This configuration allows up to 248* sensors ±0.07 °C @ 0° to +50 °C; ±0.12 °C @ +50° to +65 °C;
to be installed on a single, 6 mm diameter cable up to 2000 m in length. ±0.16 °C @ +65° to +80 °C
(*The number of sensors that can be supported depends on the overall Dimensions (L × ø) 140 × 22 mm (sensor)
length of the cable. Please contact GEOKON for details.)

Model 4700 VW Temperature Gauge Specifications

Range 100 °C (−20 °C to +80 °C)
The Model 4700 VW Temperature Gauge consists of a stainless steel
Optional Range 200 °C (−200 °C to 0 °C or 0 °C to +200 °C)
transducer body to which a vibrating wire element is attached. As the
Resolution 0.034 °C
thermal coefficients of expansion of the body and wire are different,
Accuracy¹ ±0.5% F.S.
a simple, yet sensitive, temperature measuring device can be con-
Dimensions (L × ø) 130 × 19 mm
structed. These gauges are ideally suited for use in projects that require
¹ Transducer accuracy established under laboratory conditions.
datalogging and where other types of VW transducers are in use.

Cables Specifications
Conductors 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24
geokon cables are waterproof, have good electrical properties and can
Conductor Insulation High Density Polypropylene, 8 and 10 mil;
be buried in soil or embedded in concrete. Cable construction consists of Fluorinated Ethylene Propylene, 10 mil
one or more shielded pairs with individual drain wires for electrical noise Shielding Aluminum polyester with drain wire,
protection. Cable jackets include PVC for standard applications, Teflon® 24 AWG tinned copper
for use at high temperatures and Polyurethane, for use where extra abra- Jackets¹ Extruded PVC standard, Teflon,® Polyurethane,
Polyethylene and Armored Polyethylene
sion resistance is required. Armored cables, for use in earth dams, and
Temperature Range −20 °C to +80 °C; −80 °C to +200 °C (Teflon®)
cables with straining wires and integral vent tubes are also available.
¹ Other cable jackets are available for special applications.

geokon
 ›
23   Applications   Piles ›

Pile Testing Instrumentation

1 Displacement Transducers  |  05

2 Load Cells  |  11

3 Multi-Channel Dataloggers  |  18

4 Strain Gauges  |  04

5 Retrievable Extensometers  |  06

6 In-Place Inclinometers  |  13
1
7 Sister Bars  |  04
3
8 Telltales | 07

6
4

5
7

1
 › › ›
24   Applications    Concrete Dams    Earth Dams

Concrete Dam Instrumentation

1 In-Place Inclinometers  |  13
6
2 Extensometers | 06-07

3 Pendulums | 14 1 7

4 Multi-Channel Dataloggers  |  18
8
5 Piezometers | 08-09

6 Load Cells  |  11

7 Tiltmeters | 14

8 Crackmeters | 05

9 Embedment Jointmeters  |  05

10 Temperature Gauges  |  22 9

11 Embedment Strain Gauges  |  04 10

3 4 11
12 Earth Pressure Cells  |  11

12

Earth Dam Instrumentation

1 Soil Strainmeters  |  05

2 Settlement Sensors  |  10

3 Heavy Duty Piezometers  |  08

4 Temperature Gauges  |  22

5 Earth Pressure Cells  |  11

6 Piezometers | 08-09 1
9
7 In-Place Inclinometers  |  13
2
8 Inclinometer Probes  |  12
10 11
9 Readouts | 15-16

10 Multiplexers | 18 3 12

11 Multi-Channel Dataloggers  |  18 7
4 8
12 Weir Monitors  |  09

geokon
 › ›
25   Applications   Excavations   Tunnels ›

Deep Excavation Instrumentation

1 Single-Channel Dataloggers  |  17

2 Piezometers | 08-09 7

3 In-Place Inclinometers  |  13

4 Load Cells  |  11
8
5 Strain Gauges  |  04

6 Extensometers | 06-07

7 Tiltmeters | 14 9

8 Crackmeters | 05

9 Multi-Channel Dataloggers  |  18 1 4
10 Inclinometer Probes  |  12

11 Jackout Pressure Cells  |  11 5

12 Sister Bars  |  04 11

6 4

5
5

12

10
3 5

Tunnelling Instrumentation

1 Single-Channel Dataloggers  |  17
7
2 Piezometers | 08-09

3 Extensometers | 06-07

4 Load Cells  |  11 8

5 NATM Pressure Cells  |  11

6 Strain Gauges  |  04
9
7 Tiltmeters | 14

8 Crackmeters | 05

9 Multi-Channel Dataloggers  |  18 1

10 In-Place Inclinometers  |  13
3
11 Tape Extensometers  |  07
3 3
12 Convergence Meters  |  05
4

5
12

11
6
10

2
Notes

The geokon ® logo and word mark are registered trademarks with the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Microsoft, Word and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the
The Bluetooth® word mark and logos are registered trademarks owned by the Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of United States and/or other countries.  |  Firefox is a trademark of the Mozilla Foundation in the U.S. and other countries.
such marks by geokon is under license.  |  Modbus is a registered trademark of SCHNEIDER ELECTRIC USA, INC. Chrome is a trademark of Google Inc.  |  Other trademarks and trade names are those of their respective owners.
Teflon® is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company or its affiliates. ©  2019, geokon. All Rights Reserved.  |  Doc. Rev. J.6  |  12.19  |  [2M 12.19-01]
geokon www.geokon.com geokon is an
48 Spencer Street p: + 1 · 603 · 448 · 1562 iso 9001:2015
Lebanon, New Hampshire f: + 1 · 603 · 448 · 3216 registered company
03766 · USA e: info@geokon.com