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The document discusses the design of a diesel exhaust emissions and smoke meter. It describes how diesel exhaust smoke meters work by detecting the amount of light blocked by smoke particles from diesel engines to measure smoke density and ensure proper engine maintenance. The smoke meter consists of an optical unit and electronic control unit that uses light extinction detection to determine opacity values. Reasons for using smoke metering rather than gas analysis on diesel engines are also provided.

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Vasu Thakur
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39 views5 pages

Desing: Work Is Worship 7 Submitted by

The document discusses the design of a diesel exhaust emissions and smoke meter. It describes how diesel exhaust smoke meters work by detecting the amount of light blocked by smoke particles from diesel engines to measure smoke density and ensure proper engine maintenance. The smoke meter consists of an optical unit and electronic control unit that uses light extinction detection to determine opacity values. Reasons for using smoke metering rather than gas analysis on diesel engines are also provided.

Uploaded by

Vasu Thakur
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

DEPARTMENT OF

MACHNICAL ENGINEERING (PRODUCTION)

SESSION-2015-16

DESING

DIESLE EXHOUSTED EMISSIONS AND


DIESLE EXHOUSTED SMOKE METER
diesel Exhaust Smoke meters, also referred to as opacity meters, detect and
measure the amount of light blocked in a sample of smoke emitted by diesel
engines from cars, trucks, ships, buses, motorcycles, locomotives and large
stacks from industrial operations. The smoke meter readout displays the
smoke density giving a measure of the efficiency of combustion. This makes
the smoke meter an excellent diagnostic tool to ensure proper maintenance
of diesel engines for improved fuel economy and protection of the
environment

 The opacity meter consists of an optical unit mounted inside a measuring


head and a separate electronic control unit. The measurement principle is
based on light extinction detection.
WORK IS WORSHIP 7 SUBMITTED BY……………………….
MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

DEPARTMENT OF

MACHNICAL ENGINEERING (PRODUCTION)

SESSION-2015-16

The collimated beam from the light-source (SLED) is absorbed and scattered
by the particulate exhaust emissions. A photodiode determines the light
intensity of the attenuated beam and the corresponding opacity value is
transmitted to a separate remote display. Partial flow continuous gas
sampling combined with a heated and temperature controlled smoke
chamber compensates for changes in pressure and test conditions to give
you the most accurate readings possible.All modern Diesel Exhaust Smoke
Meters should measure diesel emissions (dark smoke) in Opacity (N) and/or
Smoke Density (K) according to SAEJ1667.There has been a lot of
misunderstanding about the Diesel Exhaust monitoring and measurement
lately all inline with the world's requirement to reduce CO2 emissions.
That is why the government introduced a by-law-model for adoption by the
different municipalities in SA as an easy guide.Model Air Quality
Management By-Law for easy adoption by municipalities 2010 by the
Minister of Water and Environmental affairs.Pages 5-7 deal with diesel
exhaust emissions description and suggested limits while Chapter 2 deals
with the actual nature of diesel exhaust emissions testing in South Africa.

WORK IS WORSHIP 7 SUBMITTED BY……………………….


MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

DEPARTMENT OF

MACHNICAL ENGINEERING (PRODUCTION)

SESSION-2015-16

Why not just use the proven method of Gas Analyzing


as done with Petrol engines? 

Diesel soot is by nature oily thus quickly clogging the filters and sample
piping of a "normal" petrol exhaust gas analyser. Those maintenance items
are fairly expensive to be changed after every single test. That's why the
smoke metering method for diesel engines has been implemented by all
governments. A modern Smoke meter is a almost no-maintenance device.

WORK IS WORSHIP 7 SUBMITTED BY……………………….


MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

DEPARTMENT OF

MACHNICAL ENGINEERING (PRODUCTION)

SESSION-2015-16

What is:
Diesel Smoke – 
Particles, including aerosols, suspended in the exhaust stream of a diesel
engine which absorb, reflect, or refract light.

Opacity (N)– 
The percentage (%) of light transmitted from a source which is prevented
from reaching a light detector. (also know as HSU - Hartridge Smoke Units)

Smoke Density (Km-1) – 


(also known as “Light Extinction Coefficient” and “Light Absorption
Coefficient”) A fundamental means of quantifying the ability of a smoke
plume or smoke containing gas sample to obscure light. By convention,
smoke density is expressed on a per meter basis (m-1). The smoke density is
a function of the number of smoke particles per unit gas volume, the size
distribution of the smoke particles, and the light absorption and scattering
properties of the particles. In the absence of blue or white smoke, the size
distribution and the light absorption/scattering properties are similar for all
diesel exhaust gas samples and the smoke density is primarily a function of
the smoke particle density

WORK IS WORSHIP 7 SUBMITTED BY……………………….


MAJOR PROJECT REPORT

DEPARTMENT OF

MACHNICAL ENGINEERING (PRODUCTION)

SESSION-2015-16

What to look for when choosing a  Diesel Exhaust


Smoke Meter?
First and foremost is back up service and maintenance. Smoke Meters have
to be calibrated (or at least checked) to maintain optimum accuracy at least
once a year.
You don’t want to get something that no one can service or repair if needed.
User maintenance (on modern units) is usually down to cleaning the
optics when necessary.

1. Is it DOT/MOT tests capable?


2. Are the digits clearly visible when away from the machine (at least 2
metres)?
3. Can it Record the smoke values for later evaluation?
4. Does it have Diagnostic capabilities?
5. Does it provide any Help when you get stuck for any reason?
6. Does it have a Customer Database to save their results for later
printing or evaluation?
7. Does it have acceptable printing capabilities? Some print on small
sized paper.
8. Can it include your Customer names in the Print outs?
9. Can it measure in N and K-1 simultaneously
10. What More does it have to offer, compare to other makes and
models?
11. Is it reasonable priced for what it has to offer?

WORK IS WORSHIP 7 SUBMITTED BY………………

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