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1. Which of the following statement is true?

a) A scalar is any physical quantity that can be completely specified by its magnitude
b) A vector is any positive or negative physical quantity that can be completely specified by its magnitude
c) A scalar is any physical quantity that requires both a magnitude and a direction for its complete description
d) A scalar is any physical quantity that can be completely specified by its direction
Answer: a
Explanation: A scalar is any positive or negative physical quantity that can be completely specified by its magnitude
. Examples of scalar quantities include length, mass, time, etc.

2. For two vectors defined by an arrow with a head and a tail. The length of each vector and the angle between them
represents:

a) Their magnitude’s square and direction of the line of action respectively

b) Their magnitude and direction of the line of action respectively
c) Magnitude’s square root and direction of the line of action respectively
d) Magnitude’s square and the ratio of their lengths respectively
Answer: b
Explanation: For two vectors defined by an arrow with a head and a tail. The length of each vector and the angle bet
ween them represents their magnitude and direction of the line of action respectively. The head/tip of the arrow indic
ates the sense of direction of the vector.

3. If a vector is multiplied by a scalar:

a) Then its magnitude is increased by the square root of that scalar’s magnitude
b) Then its magnitude is increased by the square of that scalar’s magnitude
c) Then its magnitude is increased by the amount of that scalar’s magnitude
d) You cannot multiply the vector with a scalar
Answer: c
Explanation: If a vector is multiplied by a scalar then its magnitude is increased by the amount of that scalar’s magni
tude. When multiplied by a negative scalar it going to change the directional sense of the vector.

4. All the vectors quantities obey:

a) Parallelogram law of addition

b) Parallelogram law of multiplication
c) Parallelogram law of addition of square root of their magnitudes
d) Parallelogram law of addition of square of their magnitudes
Answer: a
Explanation: All the vectors quantities obey parallelogram law of addition. Two vectors A and B (can be called as c
omponent vectors) are added to form a resultant vector. R = A+B.

5. A force vector with magnitude R and making an angle α with the x-axis is having its component along x-axis and
y-axis as:

a) Rcosine (α) and Rsine(α)

b) Rcosine (180-α) and Rsine(α)
c) Rcosine (180-α) and Rsine(180+α)
d) Rcosine (α) and Rsine(180+α)
Answer: a
Explanation: The component along the x-axis is the cosine component of the vector. And the y-axis component of th
e vector is sine component, if the angle is being made with the x-axis. And 180- α for some of the trigonometric func
tion may change their sign.
6. Dividing the X-axis component and the Y-axis component of the of the vector making an angle with Y-axis α will
give us.

a) Cot α
b) Tan α
c) Sec α
d) 1
Answer: b
Explanation: As the X-axis component of the vector becomes cos(90- α) and the Y-axis component becomes sin(90-
α).Thus the division of both will give us Tan α.

7. Vector shown in the figure below have a length of 3m and the angles shown A and B are 60 and 30 degrees each.
Calculate the X-axis and Y-axis components:

a) 2.59m and 1.50m respectively

b) 1.50m and 2.59m respectively
c) 3cos60 and 3sin30 respectively
d) 3sin60 and 3sin30 respectively
Answer: a
Explanation: The sine and the cosine components of the given vectors considering the angle B as the only angle of c
onsideration comes 1.5m and 2.59m.

8. Shown as in the figure below, A=60 degree and B=30 degree. Calculate the total length obtained by adding the x-
axis component of both the vectors.

a) 3.23m
b) 4.35m
c) 2.50m
d) 1.5m
Answer: a
Explanation: After getting the cosine components of the given vectors we obtain the total length of the x-axis compo
nents to be 3cos60 + 2cos30 = 3.23.

9. The magnitude of the resultant of the two vectors is always_____________

a) Greater than one of the vector’s magnitude

b) Smaller than one of the vector’s magnitude
c) Depends on the angle between them
d) Axis we choose to calculate the magnitude
Answer: c
Explanation: Yes, the magnitude of the resultant of the two vectors always depends on the angle between them. It mi
ght be greater or smaller than one of the vector’s length. For perfectly saying, it does depend upon the angle between
them.

10. If two equal vector forces are mutually perpendicular then the resultant force is acting at which angle as compare
d to one of the vector?

a) 45 degree
b) 90 degree
c) 180 degree
d) 0 degree
Answer: a
Explanation: The vectors are mutually perpendicular, this means that the angle between the forces is 90 degree. Thus
the resultant will form at 45 degrees to any of the vector.

11. What is the direction of the resultant vector if two vectors having equal length is placed in the Cartesian plane at
the origin as, one being parallel to and heading towards positive x-axis and the other making 165 degree with it and
heading in the opposite direction of that of the first one?

a) It is either in the 1st quadrant or in the 2nd quadrant

b) It is either in the 1st quadrant or in the 3rd quadrant
c) It is either in the 1st quadrant or in the 4th quadrant
d) Only in the 1st quadrant
Answer: c
Explanation: If one is heading towards positive X-axis and the other is in the other direction opposite to the first one,
with both having the same length and having an angle between them being obtuse, means that the direction is to be i
n the direction of either 1st quadrant or in the 4th quadrant.

12. Force vector R is having a______________

a) Length of R and a specific direction

b) Length of R
c) A specific direction
d) Length of magnitude equal to square root of R and a specific direction
Answer: a
Explanation: As it is a force vector, it means it is going to have a direction and a magnitude. The magnitude is not th
e square root of R, R is just the magnitude of the vector given.

13. The resultant of three equal vectors having mutual angles being 120 degrees and being originated from a single p
oint is zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: As one can imagine three vectors coming out of a single point and are having a 120-degree angle with t
heir adjacent ones, the resultant would be zero.

14. Every point on the force vector is having the same magnitude and the same direction as the whole force vector h
ave.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The vector is made by joining the final and the starting point. If we consider any arbitrary point then th
e length would be calculated w.r.t the starting point, which might give different magnitude but same direction.

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1. In right handed coordinate system which axis is considered to be positive?

a) The thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to y-axis

b) The thumb is x-axis, fingers curled from z-axis to y-axis
c) The thumb is y-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to z-axis
d) The thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from y-axis to x-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: As right handed coordinate system means that you are curling your fingers from positive x-axis toward
s y-axis and the thumb which is projected is pointed to the positive z-axis. Thus visualizing the same and knowing th
e basic members of the axis will not create many problems.

2. If A is any vector with Ai + Bj + Ck then what is the y-axis component of the vector?

a) B units
b) A units
c) C units
d) Square root of a sum of squares of the three, i.e. A, B and C
Answer: a
Explanation: As the given vector is shown in the Cartesian system, the number with “j” is the Y-axis component of t
he given vector. With the numbers with “i” representing components of x-axis and “k” representing the z axis respec
tively.

3. If the force vector F is having its x-axis component being equal to Z N, y-axis component be X N and z-axis com
ponent be Y N then vector F is best represented by?

a) Xi + Yj + Zk
b) Yi + Xj + Zk
c) Zi + Yj + Xk
d) Zi + Xj + Yk
Answer: d
Explanation: It is given that x, y and z-axis components are Z, X and Y respectively. Thus, just by placing the right c
oordinates we get option d to be correct. Here just the interchange of the axis’s representor with their respective axis
is creating confusion. Which must be figured out.

4. Which statement is right for force vector F = Ai + Bj + Ck?

a) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Ai + Bj + Ck

b) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Ax + By + Cz
c) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Fx + Fy + Fz
d) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Fi + Fj + Fk
Answer: c
Explanation: As given the vector is F = Ai + Bj + Ck, this implies that the x ,y and z-axis components of this vector i
s A, B and C respectively. But, in rectangular components representation of any vector, the vector is written as F = F
x + Fy + Fz.

5. What is the magnitude of the Cartesian vector having the x, y and z axis components to be A, B and C?

a) Square root of the squares each A, B and C

b) Square of the squares each A, B and C
c) Cube root of the squares each A, B and C
d) Cube of the squares each A, B and C
Answer: a
Explanation: The magnitude of a Cartesian vector having the x, y and z axis components to be A, B and C is always
the square root of the squares each A, B and C. This comes from the distance formula between two points in the Cart
esian plane. That is the square root of the subtraction of the final and initial point of a line.

6. What is cosα for force vector F = Ax + By +Cz (Given α, β and γ are the angles made by the vector with x, y and
z axis respectively)?

a) B/F
b) C/F
c) A/F
d) 1
Answer: c
Explanation: The cosine component of the vector is defined as the ratio of the x-axis component to the magnitude of
the vector, i.e. F in this case. Likewise, the sine component is the ratio of the y-axis component to the magnitude of t
he vector.

7. What is the sum of squares of the cosine angles made by the force vector with the coordinate axis?

a) 1
b) ½
c) 2
d) 3
Answer: a
Explanation: The sum of the squares of the cosines of the vector will give you the squares of the components in the
numerator, and the vector’s magnitude’s square in the denominator. But the numerator sum is equal to the vector’s
magnitude’s square. Thus, the answer = 1.

8. What is the x-axis component of the force vector Ai + Bj +Ck with magnitude equal to F?

a) B
b) C
c) Fcosα
d) Fcosβ
Answer: c
Explanation: As we know that the cosα is the ratio of the x-axis component to the magnitude of the vector. Thus the
x-axis components is Fcosα, F, the magnitude in the case. Likely if we want to take the y-axis component we would
try to do the same with the sine component.

9. We can add the force vectors directly. But with dividing each by it’s magnitude first.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: False, because if you will divide the magnitude of the vector to itself than the resulting would be the un
it vector. Which is just giving you the direction of the vector, not the vector itself. This means unit vector has directi
on same as it’s respective vector but having a magnitude equal to one.

10. For a vector F, Fcosβ is equal to zero. What does this refer?

a) X-axis component is zero

b) Y-axis component is zero
c) Z-axis component is zero
d) β = 180˚
Answer: b
Explanation: As we know the α, β and γ are the angles made by the x, y and z-axis respectively. Thus y-axis compon
ent is zero, or β = 90˚. And thus if the angle is giving component to be zero this means the vector in that particular a
xis is perpendicular to that axis.

11. Which statement is correct about the vector F?

a) F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fcosγ

b) F= Fsin β + Fcos α + Fcosγ
c) F= Fcos β + Fsin α + Fcosγ
d) F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fsinγ
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know the α, β and γ are the angles made by the x, y and z-axis respectively. Thus, is the magnitu
de of the vector is F, the F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fcosγ. Which means the force is the resultant of all its axis’ compone
nts.

12. Which is true?

a) ∑F = ∑Fx + ∑Fy + ∑Fz

b) ∑F = -(∑Fx + ∑Fy + ∑Fz)
c) ∑F = ∑Fxi + ∑Fyj + ∑Fzk
d) ∑F = -(∑Fxi+ ∑Fyj + ∑Fzk)
Answer: c
Explanation: The total of two or more forces is equal to the sum of their respective axis’s components. That is the re
sultant adds up all the components of the forces in their respective axis, whether it may be x, y or z axis.

13. Find the angle α, for the vector making an angle by y and z axis as 60˚ and 45˚ respectively. It makes an angle of
α with x-axis. The magnitude of the force is 200N.

a) 60˚
b) 120˚
c) 45˚
d) 90˚
Answer: a
Explanation: When you will resolve the vector in its x, y and z-axis components, you will get an equation containing
cosα. After getting the α correctly, you need to directly put that value in the previous equation of components. α = 6
0˚. As 120˚ will give a negative component. Just try to resolve the vector in its components.

14. What is the magnitude of the resultant force when F1 = 60j + 80k and F2 = 50i – 100j + 100k?

a) 188 unit
b) 191 unit
c) 181 unit
d) 120 unit
Answer: b
Explanation: Just do the vector addition. And then calculate the resultant of the sum you get. In vector addition just
use the x, y and z axis components and then add them separately which will give you the resultant’s components. No
w do the pythogerous method of square rooting of components and the resultant is what you get.

15. Express F = 100 N (shown in the figure below) as a Cartesian vector.

a) 35.4i – 35.4j + 86.6k

b) 35.4i – 35.4j – 86.6k
c) 35.4i – 35.4j – 86.6k
d) 35.4i + 35.4j + 86.6k
Answer: a
Explanation: Try to resolve the given vector so that you will get respective components. Use sine and cosine multipli
cation of the angles given to calculate the components. Also, try to use the angles given in the diagram which will be
an easier way to solve the question and getting the answer.

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1. Express the vector in the Cartesian Form, if the angle made by it with y and z axis is 60˚ and 45˚ respectively. Als
o, it makes an angle of α with the x-axis. The magnitude of the force is 200N.
a) 100i + 100j + 141.4k N
b) 100i – 100j + 141.4k N
c) 100i + 100j – 141.4k N
d) 100i – 100j – 141.4k N
Answer: a
Explanation: When you will resolve the vector in its x, y and z-axis components, you will get an equation containing
cosα. After getting the correctly, you need to directly put that value in the previous equation of components.

2. In the figure given below, with F1 = 60j + 80k and F2= 50i -100j + 100k, what is the value of β? (β is the angle m
ade by the resultant vector with the y-axis )

a) 76˚
b) 102˚
c) 19˚
d) 130˚
Answer: b
Explanation: Just add the two vectors in their Cartesian form only. After that you will get the resultant vector in the
Cartesian form. After that just divide the y-axis component’s magnitude by the resultant of the vector. You will get c
osβ.

3. In the figure given below, calculate the value of cosγ. (γ is the angle made by the resultant vector and the z-axis)

a) 0.866
b) -0.354
c) 0.540
d) 0.354
Answer: a
Explanation: Well, the question is just a tricky one. Just subtract 60 from 90, you will get the γ, which is 30. And the
n apply the cosine formula for getting the components of the respective axis.

4. What is the magnitude of the vector, 12i – 8j – 24k?

a) 18
b) 28
c) 38
d) 48
Answer: b
Explanation: 122 + 82 + 242 = 282 . After you get this, the 28 is the magnitude. This is the using of distance formula
between two Cartesian points. Considering the point (12, -8, -24) and then calculating the distance from the origin.

5. The coordinate of the Force vector AB is A (2, 0, 2) and B (-2, 3.46, 3). What are its directions?

a) -0.742i + 0.643j + 0.186k

b) 0.742i – 0.643j – 0.186k
c) -0.742i – 0.643j + 0.186k
d) -0.742i + 0.643j – 0.186k
Answer: a
Explanation: First subtract the coordinates of the A form B. And place the x, y and z-axis coordinate separated by i, j
and k respectively. Like Ai + Bj + Ck , if A, B and C are the x, y and z-axis coordinates. You will get a Cartesian ve
ctor, just find its magnitude and divide it with the vector.

6. The coordinate of the Force vector AB is A (2, 0, 2) and B (-2, 3.46, 3). It has a magnitude of 750N. Which is the
best Cartesian representation of the vector AB?
a) -557i + 482j + 139k N
b) -557i – 482j + 139k N
c) -557i + 482j – 139k N
d) 557i – 482j – 139k N
Answer: a
Explanation: First try to make the unit vector of AB. Then you will get the Cartesian form of unit vector, after that ju
st multiply 750 scalar quantity with it. Which means you are first taking out the desired direction and then multiplyi
ng the scalar to get the desired vector in the desired direction.

7. A force vector is along 4i – 4k direction and has a magnitude 100N and another force vector is along 4i +2j -4k an
d has a magnitude of 120N. What is the resultant of both forces?

a) 80i + 40j – 80k N

b) 80i – 40j – 80k N
c) 151i + 40j – 80k N
d) 151i+ 40j – 151k N
Answer: d
Explanation: Just make the unit vectors of the given directions of the vectors and then multiply them with their respe
ctive magnitudes, after than you will get two vectors in the Cartesian form. Just add them.

8. The value cos-1(-3/7) + cos-1(2/7) + cos-1(6/7) is ____________

a) 215.4˚
b) 273.4˚
c) 188.4˚
d) 219.4˚
Answer: d
Explanation: It’s a calculative question, but still can be solved if you construct the triangle of the respective cosine i
nverses given, then convert them in the tangent form then use log table, if necessary. Or the use of a calculator is als
o good if permissible. Or you can make use of triangle laws to obtain the same.

9. Two vectors emerging from a point are always in a single plane.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Yes, whenever two vectors are there, they are always in a single plane. If the emerging vectors are mor
e than three then saying about their plane is somewhat difficult. But for two vectors it seems easy to understand abou
t their plane.

10. Three vectors emerging from a point are always in a single plane.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Yes, whenever two vectors are there, they are always in a single plane. But you cannot say about the th
ree vectors, they may or may be. Because if the emerging vectors are more than three then saying about their plane i
s somewhat difficult. But for two vectors it seems easy to understand about their plane.

11. What is the magnitude of the unit vector?

a) √3
b) √2
c) 1
d) 0
Answer: c
Explanation: The magnitude of the unit vector is always = 1. This means unit vector is the vector in the direction of t
he original vector and the magnitude of the same is unity. And unit vector is always in the direction of its vector.

12. What is the difference between a position vector and unit vector?

a) Position vector has magnitude = 1 and direction, while the unit vector has magnitude = 0 and no direction
b) Position vector has magnitude = 0 and direction, while unit vector has magnitude = 0 and no direction
c) Position vector has some magnitude and direction, while the unit vector has magnitude = 0 and no direction
d) Position vector has some magnitude and direction, while the unit vector has magnitude = 1 and a specified directi
on
Answer: d
Explanation: As position vector defines the position of the point in the Cartesian plane with respect of the origin, it
will definitely have a direction and also a magnitude. Unit vector is a vector whose magnitude is = 1 and is having a
specific direction.

13. What if we multiply a scalar to the unit vector?

a) The direction will change accordingly

b) The magnitude will change accordingly
c) The magnitude will not change accordingly
d) The direction will change by a factor of square root of the scalar
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnitude of the unit vector will change by the amount of the scalar multiplied. Not the direction.
Because the direction is being fixed after the application of the unit vector’s calculation. That is the vector divided b
y its magnitude.

14. Which is true for the vector provided the only position coordinates given?

a) (Final position coordinates + initial positions coordinates) gives the vector form of the vector
b) (Final position coordinates – initial positions coordinates) gives the vector form of the vector
c) (Initial positions coordinates – Final position coordinates) gives the vector form of the vector
d) (Initial positions coordinates + Final position coordinates) gives the vector form of the vector
Answer: b
Explanation: We find the vector form from subtracting the initial position coordinates from final position coordinate
s. Not from subtracting the final position coordinates from initial position coordinates.

15. A vector can always have_____________

a) Only one component along any of the axis

b) Only two components along any of the axis
c) Only three components along any of the axis
d) A unit vector along the direction perpendicular to its direction
Answer: c
Explanation: All vectors have three components, whether they are zero or not. And unit vector is always in the direct
ion of its vector. And the unit vector has the magnitude equal to unity. This means unit vector is the vector in the dir
ection of the original vector and the magnitude of the same is unity.

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1. Determine the magnitude of the projection of the vector force F = 100N, onto u axis, from the figure given below.
a) 96.6N
b) 60N
c) 100N
d) 70.7N
Answer: d
Explanation: The component of the force in u axis, it is equal to 100cos(45˚). We need to consider the triangle and th
en accordingly apply the trigonometry. This is one of the ways of resolving the components.

2. For two vectors A and B, what is A.B (if they have angle α between them)?

a) |A||B| cosα
b) |A||B|
c) √(|A||B|) cosα
d) |A||B| sinα
Answer: a
Explanation: The dot product of the two vectors is always the product of the magnitudes of the two forces and the co
sine of the angle between them. We need to consider the triangle and then accordingly apply the trigonometry. This i
s one of the ways of resolving the components.

3. Which statement is right?

a) Communitive law: A.B =B.A

b) Multiplicative law: a(A.
b) = Ax(a
b)
c) Multiplicative law: A.(B+
d) = (A.
b) + (A.
d)
d) Communitive law: a(A.
b) = A.(a
b)
Answer: a
Explanation: For three vectors A, B and D the various laws are. Communitive law: A.B =B.A. While distributive la
w is A.(B+
d) = (A.
b) + (A.D). And multiplication law is a(A.
b) = A.(aB).

4. What is Distributive law?

a) A.B =B.A
b) a(A.
b) = A.(a
b)
c) A.(B+
d) = (A.
b) + (A.
d)
d) a(A.
b) = AxB
Answer: c
Explanation: For three vectors A, B and D the various laws are. Communitive law: A.B =B.A. While distributive la
w is A.(B+
d) = (A.
b) + (A.D). And multiplication law is a(A.
b) = A.(aB).

5. What is multiplication law?

a) A.B =B.A
b) a(A.
b) = A.(a
b)
c) A.(B+
d) = (A.
b) + (A.
d)
d) a(A.
b) = AxB
Answer: b
Explanation: For three vectors A, B and D the various laws are. Communitive law: A.B =B.A. While distributive la
w is A.(B+
d) = (A.
b) + (A.D). And multiplication law is a(A.
b) = A.(aB).

6. Which is true for two vector A = A1i + A2j + A3k and B = B1i + B2j + B3k?

a) A.B = A1B1 + A2B2 + A3B3

b) AxB = A1B1 + A2B2 + A3B3
c) A.B = A1B2 + A2B3 + A3B1
d) AxB = A1B2 + A2B3 + A3B1
Answer: a
Explanation: The multiplication of x, y and z components with their respective same component give a scalar, equal
to 1, i.e. i.i = 1 and j.j = 1, while jxj =0. This is the basic principle of the vector algebra which needs to apply wherev
er needed.

7. Determine the magnitude of the force F = 300j parallel to the direction of AB?

a) 155N
b) 257.1N
c) 200N
d) 175N
Answer: b
Explanation: Force component in the direction parallel to the AB is given by unit vector 0.286i + 0.857j + 0.429k. N
ow (300j).(0.286i + 0.857j + 0.429k) = 257.1N. Just try to resolve the force into it’s particular components.

8. What is k.i?

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) ∞
Answer: a
Explanation: As the dot product of only the same Cartesian component is unity, i.e. i.i = 1 and j.j =1, rest all remaini
ng dot product will give 0(i.j = 0 and j.k = 0). Cross product of the same plane vectors always gives zero. And dot pr
oduct of the same plane vector gives a scalar quantity.

9. What is {(i.i) + (-i.j) + (-k.k) + (k.i)}.(Ai +Bj + Cz)?

a) 1
b) 0
c) A + B + C
d) -1
Answer: b
Explanation: {(i.i) + (-i.j) + (-k.k) + (k.i)} = 0. As (1 + 0 + 0 – 1). Cross product of the same plane vectors always gi
ve zero. And dot product of the same plane vector gives a scalar quantity.

10. α = cos-1(A.B/AB). What is the range of α?

a) 0˚<α<90˚
b) 0˚<α<180˚
c) 90˚<α<180C
d) 0˚<α<45˚
Answer: b
Explanation: Cosine inverse function is defined only between 0˚ to 180˚. It cannot be defined under any of the given
range, because this is the principle range of the inverse cosine function.

11. What is the value of {(AxB).(C.D)x(AxB).(C.D)}? For the four vectors A, B, C and D, with A, B, C and D all ly
ing in the same plane?

a) i + j + k
b) √3(i + j + k)
c) 0
d) -1(i + j + k)
Answer: c
Explanation: Here we are trying to do the cross product of the two vectors in the same plane. Which will give us zer
o. While dot product of the same plane vector will give a scalar quantity, not zero.

12. What is (AxB).(BxA); or A = A1i + A2j + A3k and B = B1i + B2j + B3k?

a) 0
b) A1B1A2B2i + A2B2A3B3j + A3B3A1B1k
c) A1B1A1B2i + A2B2A3B2j + A3B3A1B3k
d) A1B1A2B1i + A2B2A2B3j + A3B3A2B1k
Answer: a
Explanation: Here we are trying to do the cross product of the two vectors in the same plane. Which will give us zer
o. While dot product of the same plane vector will give a scalar quantity, not zero.

13. What is the value of θ in the figure given below?

a) 69˚
b) 60˚
c) 55˚
d) 90˚
Answer: a
Explanation: Fab= -(3/5)j + (4/5)k ; F= (4/5)i – (3/5)j ; θ = cos-1(Fab.F) = 69˚. This is the application of the triangle
over the figure. Try to resolve the components of the given force. It will be easy.

14. Refer to the diagram given below, determine the magnitude of the force F = 300j perpendicular to the direction o
f AB.

a) 155N
b) 257.1N
c) 200N
d) 175N
Answer: a
Explanation: Force’s component in the direction perpendicular to AB is -73.5i + 80j – 110k N. This is the applicatio
n of the triangle over the figure. Try to resolve the components of the given force. It will be easy.

15. Determine the magnitude of the projection of the vector force F = 100N, onto the v axis, from the figure given b
elow.

a) 96.6N
b) 60N
c) 100N
d) 70.7N
Answer: a
Explanation: The component of the force in the v axis, it is equal to 100cos(15˚). This is the application of the triang
le over the figure. Try to resolve the components of the given force. It will be easy.

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1. What is the dot product of two vectors which are having a magnitude equal to unity and are making an angle of 45
°?

a) 0.707
b) -0.707
c) 1.414
d) -1.414
Answer: a
Explanation: The dot product of two vectors having the angle between them equal to 45° will have the product of the
vector’s magnitude. As the vectors are of unit magnitude, their product will be unity. Thus the magnitude factor wo
uld be cosine function at 45 °.

2. Mathematically, for two vectors A and B of any magnitude, the cross product of both, i.e. AxB = given by:

a) |A||B|sinØ
b) |A||B|
c) |A||B|cosØ
d) |A||B|sin(180°+Ø)
Answer: a
Explanation: The cross product of two vectors gives a vector which is perpendicular to both of the vectors. And the
mathematic equation for the same is given by |A||B|sinØ. And the dot product of the same by any of the other two ve
ctors will give the answer zero, as perpendicular.

3. Commutative law is valid for the cross product of two vectors. (Commutative law: PxQ = QxP; for two vectors P
and Q)

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: This statement is wrong. It is not possible unless we apply a negative sign to the RHS of the equation.
That is PxQ = -(QxP). It is because, if you curl your wrist from one vector towards another vector, the thumb project
ed will give the direction of the cross product. Thus if you reverse the direction, a negative sign is necessary.

4. Which among the following is the distributive law for the cross product of three vectors?

a) Px(Q+S) = (PxQ) + (PxS)

b) Px(QxS) = (PxQ) + (PxS)
c) Px(QxS) = (PxQ) x (PxS)
d) Px(Q+S) = (PxQ) + (QxS)
Answer: a
Explanation: The distributive law works just like the simple multiplication of the constant before the brackets. That i
s in the equation Px(Q+S) = (PxQ) + (PxS), P is crossed by Q and S both. This is simple as, if we first add the two v
ectors and then do the cross product or we first do the cross product and the do the sum.

5. Which statement is true? (For three vectors P, Q and R)

a) Associative law for cross product: (PxQ)xS = Px(QxS)

b) Associative law for cross product: (PxQ)xS ≠ Px(QxS)
c) Associative law for cross product: (PxQ)xS > Px(QxS)
d) Associative law for cross product: (PxQ)xS < Px(QxS)
Answer: b
Explanation: The associative law is defined in the cross product of three vectors. This property is though valid for th
e dot product. But for the cross product, it is not true. It is because, in the dot product the final result is the scalar qua
ntity, but in a cross product it is the direction too. Thus the answer.

6. Which of the following is true?

a) i x i =1
b) j x i = -j
c) k x j = -i
d) k x k = 1
Answer: c
Explanation: As the mathematic equation for the cross product is having a cosine function in it, in which the angle u
sed in the function is the angle between the vectors. Thus the cross product will be zero if the angle between them is
90.

7. Which of them is not correct?

a) j x j = 0
b) j x k = i
c) j x i = k
d) j x i = -k
Answer: c
Explanation: As asked, the one which is not correct is the third one. The product is containing the cosine function, a
nd the angle which is going to be inserted in the function is the angle between the vectors. Thus if the angle is 90, th
en the cross will be zero.

8. The ___________ forces do not cause the rotation.

a) Non-concurrent
b) Concurrent
c) Parallel
d) Non-Parallel
Answer: b
Explanation: The concurrent forces are the which are somewhere touching the axis of rotation. If any of the force is t
ouching that axis, that force is not considered or is insufficient to cause a rotation. If a force is concurrent then the pe
rpendicular distance of the force from the line of an axis is zero, thus no rotation. As we know rotation is caused by
a moment.

9. The tendency of a force to rotate the body is called the moment of the force.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of the force about an axis or a point gives the measure of the tendency of the force. It is th
e cause of the body’s rotation, about that point or at that axis. Thus, the tendency of a force to rotate the body is calle
d the moment of the force.

10. The moment is the cross product of which two vectors?

a) Force and Radius vectors

b) Radius and Force vectors
c) Force and Radius scalars
d) Radius and Force scalars
Answer: b
Explanation: The cross product needs to take in the proper sequence. If not taken then the answer is just the opposite
of the true answer. That’s why, the answer is not the Force and Radius vectors, but the Radius and Force vectors. B
ecause the moment has its direction, as many of the cross products have, and thus precaution needs to be taken.

11. What is Varigon’s Theorem? (M = Moment, F= Force vector, R= Radius vector)

a) M = R x F (F = F1 + F2 + F3 + … vectorially adding all the forces)

b) |A||B|sinØ
c) AxB)xS ≠ Px(QxS)
d) Px(Q+S) = (PxQ) + (PxS)
Answer: a
Explanation: For many vectors acting on the body, Varigon’s Theorem is defined as M = R x F (F = F1 + F2 + F3 +
… vectorially adding all the forces). This is just the giving the cross product of individual force and radius vectors a
nd thus the sum is the total moment produced.

12. What is the mixed triple product of three vectors?

a) S.(PxQ)
b) Sx(PxQ)
c) S.(P.Q)
d) Sx(P.Q)
Answer: a
Explanation: It is the scalar expression. It is the dot product of the vector to the vector, which is the result of the cros
s vector product of two vectors. And if two vectors are held together in the equation by a dot “.”, then the answer wh
ich you get is the scalar quantity.

13. What is the angle made by the vector shown in the figure, with the z-axis?

a) 45°
b) 60°
c) 30°
d) 90°
Answer: c
Explanation: The question is the tricky one, just the imagination of the viewer is to be enhanced. But is one needs to
go with the calculation, one can go and the answer would be 30°. Or simply it is 90° – 60° = 30°.

14. What is the dot product of the components of the force vector shown in the figure, i.e. the dot product of the z-ax
is component and the y-axis component of the force?

a) 0
b) 200cos60°
c) 200sin45°
d) 200cos30°
Answer: a
Explanation: The dot product of any two vectors is having the cosine function in it. It is being multiplied by the prod
uct of the magnitudes of the vectors. So if the angle is 90°, then the value of cosine function would be zero, thus 0.
And the value of the sine angle is 1, thus the result.

15. What is the magnitude of the resultant vector’s unit vector? (Resultant vector of the two vectors shown in the fig
ure below)

a) 1N
b) 225N
c) 110N
d) 55N
Answer: a
Explanation: The question asked is asking for the magnitude of the unit vector of the resultant vector, thus the answe
r is 1. Whether the magnitude of the vector is any quantity, but the unit vector will have the magnitude equal to unity
. And the direction given by the unit vector will be in the same direction as that of the vector.

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1. What is not the condition for the equilibrium in three dimensional system of axis?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

2. We first make equilibrium equations and then the free body diagram and then solve the question.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: We first make the free body diagram and then we make the equilibrium equations to satisfy the given c
onditions. This helps us to solve the question easily. As this reduces the part of imagination and increases accuracy t
oo.

3. In the diagram given below, coordinates of D is (1, -2, 2), C (-2, 0, 0) and B are as shown. The dark region is the c
ables holding the weight of 600N at the origin. Find the tension in the AD section.

a) 900N
b) 693N
c) 646N
d) 0N
Answer: a
Explanation: As the system is in equilibrium so we need to balance the forces. So when applying the condition of ne
t force to be zero in the z direction, we get (2/3)FAD = 600N. This gives us force along AD be 900N.

4. In the diagram given below, coordinates of D is (1, -2, 2), C (-2, 0, 0) and B are as shown. The dark region is the c
ables holding the weight of 600N at origin. Find the tension in the AB section.

a) 900N
b) 693N
c) 646N
d) 0N
Answer: b
Explanation: As the system is in equilibrium so we need to balance the forces. So when applying the condition of ne
t force to be zero in the y direction, we get FAB cos30 = (2/3)*900. This gives us force along AB be 693N.

5. Find the tension in the cable AC.

a) 23.6N
b) 55N
c) 89N
d) -29N
Answer: a
Explanation: First represent the forces in their vector form. Then equate the net sum of the forces in the x, y and z di
rections to be zero. You will get FB = FC and 2(.848) = 40N. This gives the answer as 23.6N.

6. Determine the value of the q, parallel to the z-axis. That is the point of intersection of the projections of the points
A, B and C parallel to the xy plane. With the distance between the tri-section point and the points A, B and C be eq
ual to 0.6m.

a) 51.9cm
b) 51.9mm
c) 51.9m
d) 5.19mm
Answer: a
Explanation: The application of the equilibrium equation will yield the result. That is the resultant along the z-axis w
ill remain zero. Which give the value of γ as 50˚. And therefore q=51.9cm.

7. ∑Fx=0, ∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0 are vector equations.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is false as the equations asked are scalars. As we make the net sum of the forces along the
axis equal to zero. Of course this equation comes from the solving the vector forms, but still, the result is a scalar, he
nce the equations are scalar.

8. When the body is in equilibrium then which of the following is true?

a) We equate all the components of the forces acting on the body equal to their resultant vector’s magnitude
b) We equate all the components of the forces acting on the body equal to their resultant vector’s magnitude square
c) We equate all the components of the forces acting on the body equal to their resultant vector’s magnitude square r
oot
d) We equate all the components of the forces acting on the body equal to zero
Answer: d
Explanation: Yes, we equate all the components of the three axis equal to zero. That is the resultant of the forces alo
ng the three axis are being equated to zero. This brings in that there is no net force in any direction. Hence equilibriu
m.

9. If solving the question in 3D calculations is difficult, then use the 2D system and then equate the total net force to
zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The answer is obviously yes. If we are having any difficulty in making the vector components, then we
can go in 2D. As if the particle is in equilibrium, the net force will be zero. No matter where you see first. Net force
is zero.

10. If the resolved force or the force which you get as the answer after solving the question is negative, then what do
es this implies?

a) The force is in the reverse direction w.r.t the direction set in the free body diagram
b) The force is not in the reverse direction w.r.t the direction set in the free body diagram
c) The force component is not possible
d) The force is possible, but in the direction perpendicular to the resultant force
Answer: a
Explanation: The negative sign implies things in the opposite manner. If the force is coming negative this doesn’t m
ean that it is impossible. But it means that the force is in the opposite direction w.r.t the direction set by you in the fr
ee body diagram.

11. An electromagnet crane is carrying the electromagnet with the help of the three cables. But the electromagnet is
not stable because of the wind. What is science behind the cause?

a) The wind is making the net force of the body equal to a non-zero value
b) The wind is making the net force of the body equal to zero value
c) The wind is making the net force of the body equal to a non-zero value but is supporting the equilibrium
d) The wind is making the net force of the body equal to zero value and supporting equilibrium
Answer: a
Explanation: Anybody is in equilibrium only if the net force along the three axis is zero. But in this case, the wind is
not helping the body to do so. The science behind this is that the resultant forces are being equated to a non-zero val
ue by the wind. Hence unstable.

12. If anybody is tied to three or more ropes, and then is allowed to achieve its equilibrium. Then the equilibrium ac
hieved is achieved w.r.t what?

a) The three axis of the body

b) The ground
c) The ropes direction
d) The weight direction
Answer: b
Explanation: Yes, the equilibrium is being achieved w.r.t the ground. Like the motion, w.r.t ground need be zero. Th
at is the relative velocity of the object or the body must be zero w.r.t the ground. This means motion is in equilibriu
m.

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1. Determine the smallest force applied at R which creates the same moment about P as by 75N.

a) 37.5N
b) 112.5N
c) 60N
d) 0N
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. We see that the perpendicular distance is 3m. Thus we get the distance. And hence multiply it with the fo
rce, the moment = 112.5Nm. Because the force component perpendicular to the distance needs to be taken.

2. What does the moment of the force measure?

a) The tendency of rotation of the body along any axis

b) The moment of inertia of the body about any axis
c) The couple moment produced by the single force acting on the body
d) The total work is done on the body by the force
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of the force measures the tendency of the rotation of the body along any axis, whether it b
e the centroid axis of the body or any of the outside axis. The couple moment is produced by two forces, not by a sin
gle force. The total work done is the dot product of force and distance not the cross.

3. If a car is moving forward, what is the direction of the moment of the moment caused by the rotation of the tires?

a) It is heading inwards, i.e. the direction is towards inside of the car

b) It is heading outwards, i.e. the direction is towards outside of the car
c) It is heading forward, i.e. the direction is towards the forward direction of the motion of the car
d) It is heading backward, i.e. the direction is towards the back side of the motion of the car
Answer: a
Explanation: When you curl your wrist in the direction in which the tires are moving then you will find that the thu
mb is pointing outwards. That is outwards the body of the car. This phenomenon is also observed in rainy seasons.
When cars travel on the roads, the water is thrown outside from the tires, due to moment.

4. The tendency of rotation of the body along any axis is also called ___________

a) Moment of inertia
b) Moment of couple
c) Torque
d) Force
Answer: c
Explanation: The tendency of rotation of the body along any axis also called the torque. It is the moment of the force
acting perpendicular to the direction of the axis of rotation. If the axis and the force are meeting at any point then th
ere is no moment applied by the force.

5. The moment of the force is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance of the axis and the point of acti
on of the force.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment is the product of the force applied to the body and the perpendicular distance of the point
of action of the force to the axis about which the body is being rotated. That is the moment is the cross product of th
e force and the distance between the axis and the point of action.
6. Determine the moment about the point T.

a) 0Nm
b) 350Nm
c) 100Nm
d) 200Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. We see that the perpendicular distance is 0m. Thus we get the distance. And hence multiply it with the fo
rce, 0x50.

7. The moment axis is in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the force and the distance.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment axis is always perpendicular to the planes of the force and the distance of the axis and the
point of action of the force on the body. This means that the moment is the cross product of the force and the distanc
e between the axis and the point of action of the force.

8. Find the moment along T.

a) 1200Nm
b) 600Nm
c) 0Nm
d) 1400Nm
Answer: b
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. But here we have a number of forces components acting on the T point. So by adding all the moments ca
used by all the forces will give us the value as 600Nm.

9. If you are getting to know about the direction of the moment caused by the force applied on the body by using yo
ur wrist and curling it in the direction of the rotation then which of the following is not right?

a) The thumb represents the direction of the force

b) The thumb represents the direction of the moment
c) The fingers represent the direction of the force
d) The direction in which you curl your wrist is towards the direction of the distance from point of contact of force t
o the axis of rotation.
Answer: b
Explanation: The curled hand represents a various thing. The direction of the moment axis is given by the thumb. Th
e direction of the force is given by the fingers. As we place the fingers on the force and curl towards the rotational di
rection of the body about the axis.

10. The moment axis, force and the perpendicular distance in the moment of the force calculation is lying in_______
_____

a) Two planes perpendicular to each other

b) A single plane in the direction of the force
c) A single plane in the direction of the perpendicular distance
d) A single line in the direction of the force
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment axis, force and the perpendicular distance are lying in the three dimensional Cartesian. It
doesn’t lye on the single plane. It also doesn’t lye in a single line. Nor in the direction of the force. Thus they all lye
in the planes which are perpendicular to each other.

11. If the rotation is clockwise in this page, suppose, then in which direction will the thumb project if you curl your
hand in the same direction of the rotation?

a) It will point to the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper and towards you
b) It will point to the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper and away from you
c) It will point to the direction parallel to the plane of the paper and towards right
d) It will point to the direction parallel to the plane of the paper and towards left
Answer: b
Explanation: As the curling will give the direction perpendicular to the paper. But it does depend upon the rotation s
ense. In this example, the sense is clockwise. Thus the thumb goes into the paper. That is it goes away from the view
er. Thus the answer.

12. Which of the following is true?

a) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the vector sum of all moments
b) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the algebraic sum of all moments
c) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is always zero
d) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the vector sum of all moments which is perpendicular to eac
h other forces
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment is the vector quantity. Thus the value of the total moment caused by various forces acting
on the body is the vector sum of all the vectors. Also, the moments are not perpendicular to each other, unless it is sp
ecified. Thus assumptions cant be taken for the direction of the moment.

13. Determine the moment about the point R.

a) 0Nm
b) 350Nm
c) 100Nm
d) 200Nm
Answer: c
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. We see that the perpendicular distance is 7m. Thus we get the distance. And hence multiply it with the fo
rce, 7×50.

14. Find the moment along Q.

a) 1200Nm
b) 600Nm
c) 0Nm
d) 1400Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. But here we have a number of forces components acting on the T point. So by adding all the moments ca
used by all the forces will give us the value as 1200Nm.

15. Determine the moment of the force along point P.

a) 110Nm
b) 112.5Nm
c) 60Nm
d) 0Nm
Answer: b
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. We see that the perpendicular distance is 1.5 (3cos60). Thus we get the distance. And hence multiply it w
ith the force, 75×1.5. Because the force component perpendicular to the distance needs to be taken.

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1. Find the moment of the force about the point R.

a) 5000Nm
b) 5550Nm
c) 6000Nm
d) 7000Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. We see that the perpendicular distance is 5m. Thus we get the distance. And hence multiply it with the fo
rce, 5x2000xsin30. Because the force component perpendicular to the distance needs to be taken.

2. How far from the shaft at P a 200N vertical force must act so as to create the same moment as produced by the 75
N, at P?

a) 1.2m
b) 1.125m
c) 0.6m
d) 0m
Answer: b
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. So let the distance be y, then the force of 200N will act downward. The distance perpendicular is xcos60.
Thus equating the 112.5 to 200ycos60.

3. Find the moment along the point at the mid of the line SR.

a) 1200Nm
b) 600Nm
c) 0Nm
d) 1400Nm
Answer: b
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. But here we have a number of forces components acting on the T point. So by adding all the moments ca
used by all the forces will give us the value as 600Nm.

4. Which of the following is true?

a) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be positive then the rotation along the counter clockwise direction
is negative
b) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be negative then the rotation along the counter clockwise directio
n is also negative as no such assumptions can be taken
c) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be positive then the rotation along the counter clockwise direction
is also positive as no such assumptions can be taken
d) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be negative then the rotation along the counter clockwise directio
n is neither positive nor negative as we only pre assumed the clockwise direction
Answer: a
Explanation: We can take such assumptions. We are free to do so. We just need to specify if clockwise is positive th
en the counter clockwise is to be negative. Also, such an assumption is very useful in 2D calculation of the moments
caused by various forces on the body.

5. The moment is the cross product of which two vectors?

a) Force and Radius vectors

b) Radius and Force vectors
c) Force and Radius scalars
d) Radius and Force scalars
Answer: b
Explanation: The cross product needs to take in the proper sequence. If not taken then the answer is just the opposite
of the true answer. That’s why, the answer is not the Force and Radius vectors, but the Radius and Force vectors. B
ecause the moment has its direction, as many of the cross products have, and thus precaution needs to be taken.

6. The ___________ forces do not cause the rotation.

a) Non-concurrent
b) Concurrent
c) Parallel
d) Non-Parallel
Answer: b
Explanation: The concurrent forces are the which are somewhere touching the axis of rotation. If any of the force is t
ouching that axis, that force is not considered or is insufficient to cause a rotation. If a force is concurrent then the pe
rpendicular distance of the force from the line of an axis is zero, thus no rotation. As we know rotation is caused by
a moment.

7. Choose the correct one.

a) In a coplanar system the moment of the force is chose about a point instead of axis
b) In a coplanar system the moment of the force is chose about an axis instead of a point
c) In a 3D system the moment of the force is chose about a point instead of axis
d) In a 3D system the moment of the force is chose about an axis which is perpendicular to the direction of the force
Answer: a
Explanation: The coplanar system means the consideration is with the 2D only. No 3D. Thus if there is any moment
needed to be considered we need to take it along the point and not along the axis. But talking about the axis, there mi
ght be no axis in the 2D, as it is only in the 3D.

8. Determine the moment about the point S.

a) 0Nm
b) 350Nm
c) 100Nm
d) 200Nm
Answer: c
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. We see that the perpendicular distance is 2m. Thus we get the distance. And hence multiply it with the fo
rce, 2×50.

9. Moments can be added like scalars that is it can be added algebraically with proper signs.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The moments in the 2D can be added algebraically just like the scalar quantities. But the need is that th
e signs must be taken into consideration. As if clockwise is positive, so anti clockwise is negative. And the result can
be negative too. That is a counter clockwise direction.

10. If you are opening the door, then the force you apply is greater if you open it from the part closer to the hinges.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: As the moment is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance of the point of action and the
axis, thus more the distance more will be the moment. And hence to overcome that you have to apply more energy.
Thus the answer.

11. Which of the following is correct in the determination of the moment direction by curling of wrist?

a) The thumb represents the direction of the force

b) The thumb represents the direction of the moment
c) The fingers represent the direction of the force
d) The direction in which you curl your wrist is towards the direction of the distance from point of contact of force t
o the axis of rotation.
Answer: b
Explanation: The curled hand represents a various thing. The direction of the moment axis is given by the thumb. Th
e direction of the force is given by the fingers. As we place the fingers on the force and curl towards the rotational di
rection of the body about the axis.

12. Find the moment along R.

a) 1200Nm
b) 600Nm
c) 0Nm
d) 1400Nm
Answer: c
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. But here we have a number of forces components acting on the T point. So by adding all the moments ca
used by all the forces will give us the value as 0Nm.

13. For the below diagram determine the magnitude of the horizontal force applied at R which creates the same mo
ment at P as by 75N.

a) 110N
b) 43.1N
c) 60N
d) 0N
Answer: b
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. We see that the perpendicular distance is 3sin60. Thus we get the distance. And hence multiply it with th
e force, moment = 112.5Nm. Because the force component perpendicular to the distance needs to be taken.

14. Which of the following is true?

a) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the vector sum of all moments in 3D
b) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the algebraic sum of all moments in 3D
c) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is always zero in any dimension
d) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the vector sum of all moments which is perpendicular to eac
h other forces whatever be the dimensions
Answer: a
Explanation: When we consider the dimensions we need to be careful. The moment is the vector quantity. Thus the
value of the total moment caused by various forces acting on the body is the vector sum of all the vectors. Also, the
moments are not perpendicular to each other unless it is specified.

15. The moment axis is in the direction parallel to the plane of the force and the distance.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The moment axis is always perpendicular to the planes of the force and the distance of the axis and the
point of action of the force on the body. This means that the moment is the cross product of the force and the distanc
e between the axis and the point of action of the force.

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1. Determine the resultant moment caused by the forces in vector

a) 30i + 40j – 60k Nm

b) 30i – 40j – 60k Nm
c) 30i + 40j + 60k Nm
d) 30i – 40j + 60k Nm
Answer: d
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the force and the distance between the point of con
tact of the force and the point about which moment needs to be calculated. Here distance r1 =5j m and r2 = 4i + 5j –
2k m. Thus doing the cross product will give the answer.

2. Which of the following is correct w.r.t the moment (M) of the force (F) acting on the body at a distance L from th
e axis of the rotation?

a) M=FLsinθ
b) M=FLcosθ
c) M=F.Lsinθ
d) M=FxLsinθ
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of the force about the axis of rotation by the application of the force on the body is given
by the cross product of both. If the force not perpendicular to the axis, and making angle θ then cosine form of angle
is used. As usually used in the cross product.

3. What does FLsinθ means/ represent for the moment (M) of the force (F) acting on the body at a distance L from t
he axis of the rotation?

a) The direction vector of the moment

b) Unit vector of the moment vector
c) The magnitude of the moment caused by the force on the body
d) The perpendicular distance of the force from the axis of rotation
Answer: c
Explanation: The moment of the force about the axis of rotation by the application of the force on the body is given
by the cross product of both. If the force not perpendicular to the axis, and making angle θ then cosine form of angle
is used. Thus, FLsinθ represents the magnitude of the moment.

4. The basic way of getting the direction of the moment caused by the force is:
a) The use of left hand rule with thumb giving the direction of the moment
b) The use of right hand rule with thumb giving the direction of the moment
c) The use of right hand rule with forefinger giving the direction of the moment
d) The use of left hand rule with forefinger giving the direction of the moment
Answer: b
Explanation: The basic way of doing so is to use right hand rule and not the left hand rule. The direction of the mom
ent axis is given by the thumb. The direction of the force is given by the fingers. As we place the fingers on the force
and curl towards the rotational direction of the body about the axis.

5. If any force is applied in the direction of the positive x-axis, and there are three different point on which the mom
ent of this force is to be calculated. Then if these three points are on the positive side of the y-axis with varying dista
nce, then what will be the direction of the moment caused by the force to the individual point?

a) Towards positive z-axis

b) Towards positive y-axis
c) Towards positive x-axis
d) Towards negative z-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: If you will apply he right hand rule on the system given then the right answer is the positive z-axis. Wh
ich is because the force is lying on the x-axis and is heading towards the positive infinity of the x-axis. And the point
s are in the positive y-axis. Apply the rule, and get the direction.

6. If a force applied at any point in its line of action and is still creating the same moment about any fixed point say
P, then the force is said to be______________

a) Couple
b) Sliding vector
c) Slider couple
d) Couple slider
Answer: b
Explanation: If a force applied at any point in its line of action and is still creating the same moment about any fixed
point say P, then the force is said to be a sliding vector. This is because the moment of the force which is acting on it
s line of axis at the point P is the same throughout. Whatever be the direction of the distance.

7. If a force applied at any point in its line of action and is still creating the same moment about any fixed point say
P, then the force is said to be a sliding vector. What is the name of this property?

a) Associative property
b) Distributive property
c) Negative associative property
d) Principle transmissibility of the force
Answer: d
Explanation: If a force applied at any point in its line of action and is still creating the same moment about any fixed
point say P, then the force is said to be a sliding vector. This is because the moment of the force which is acting on it
s line of the axis at the point P is the same throughout. This is known as the principle transmissibility of the force.

8. We can express the force in the Cartesian form.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Yes, we can prepare a moment in the Cartesian form. As the moment in the 3D is the vector. Which ca
n be easily made in the form of Cartesian coordinates. Also, it can be seen that the moment is the cross product of th
e force and the distance, hence the moment is in vector form.

9. M = ∑(rxF) represents what?

a) The total distance of the point of contact of the and the axis of rotation
b) The total moment of the forces
c) The total force acting on the body
d) The equation is wrong, it must be Fxr
Answer: b
Explanation: The given equation represents the total moment of the forces which are acting on the body. That is the
summation of all the rxF. Where the r is the distance of the axis from the point of action of the force on the body. An
d thus this is the total summation of the moments of all the forces acting on the body.

10. If a 12m high tree is being pulled by the tractor, by a rope tied over the top. With the tractor at a linear distance o
f 12m and 4m away perpendicularly from the tree. If the force applied by the tractor is 2KN then what is the moment
caused by the roots of the tree?

a) -16.5i+7.51j KNm
b) -16.5i+5.51j KNm
c) -16.5i+5.51j KNmm
d) -16.5i+7.51j KNm
Answer: b
Explanation: The force developed is 2KN, and the roots are having the coordinate (0, 0, 0). Coordinates of the top of
the tree is (0, 0, 12). The tractor’s coordinates are (4, 12, 0). Thus applying the cross product on the force and the di
stance of the tractor from the roots we get the answer as -16.5i+5.51j KNm.

11. If F = F1+F2, then the moment of this force F about a point at a distance r is M=rxF1 + rxF2.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: If F = F1+F2, then the moment of this force F about a point at a distance r is M=rxF1 + rxF2.

12. Determine the moment of the force about the point X.

a) 11.2 Nm
b) 10 Nm
c) 7Nm
d) 8Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the force and the distance between the point of con
tact of the force and the point about which moment needs to be calculated. Thus forming the distance vector and the
n crossing it with the force will give us the answer. Remember force also needs to be in the vector form for doing th
e cross product.

13. Determine the moment about the point Q by the force shown as 400N.

a) -98.6kN
b) 98.6kN
c) -98.6iN
d) -98.6jN
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the force and the distance between the point of con
tact of the force and the point about which moment needs to be calculated. Thus forming the distance vector and the
n crossing it with the force will give us the answer. Remember force also needs to be in the vector form for doing th
e cross product.

14. Determine the moment about the point P.

a) 460Nm
b) 500Nm
c) 705Nm
d) 0Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the force and the distance between the point of con
tact of the force and the point about which moment needs to be calculated. Thus forming the distance vector and the
n crossing it with the force will give us the answer. Remember force also needs to be in the vector form for doing th
e cross product.

15. Determine the magnitude of the resultant moment caused by the forces.

a) 78.1Nm
b) 25Nm
c) 110Nm
d) 80Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the force and the distance between the point of con
tact of the force and the point about which moment needs to be calculated. Here distance r1 =5j m and r2 = 4i + 5j –
2k m. Thus doing the cross product will give the answer.

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1. Determine the moment’s magnitude produced by the force as shown in the diagram, which tends to rotate the rod
ORQP along QP.

a) 80.49 Nm
b) 72.12 Nm
c) -36.67 Nm
d) 36.67 Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: The use of the formula A.(rxF) gives the answer. In which A is 0.89i + 0.447j m. And the force is 300
N, which is being applied at the end of the rod. Thus, after finding the equation of the axis and then replacing it in th
e equation shown above we get the answer. Actually, the main task is to know the axis equation in the vector form.
Then get the magnitude of the moment.

2. The calculation of the moment about the axis and the moment about any point by a force applied on the body are
different from each other.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The calculation of the moment about the axis and the moment about any point by a force applied on the
body are different from each other. It is because both of the calculations require different formulas. And both of the
formulas have different inputs, which is obviously different.

3. In the calculation of the moment of the force about the axis, the cross product table, i.e. the 3X3 matrix which is
made for doing the cross product having 3 rows, contains three elements. Which are they from top to bottom?
a) Axis coordinates, point coordinates, and the force coordinates
b) Point coordinates, axis coordinates, and the force coordinates
c) Axis coordinates, force coordinates, and the point coordinates
d) Force coordinates, point coordinates, and the axis coordinates
Answer: a
Explanation: The 3X3 matrix which is being made is having axis coordinates, point coordinates and the force coordi
nates. They are from top to bottom placed. The order cannot be changed. Or if changed then one needs to apply the n
egative sign appropriately. Negative because the directions get reversed.

4. Which of the following is correct? (For A representing the vector representation of the axis of rotation, r the radiu
s vector and F the force vector)

a) A.(rxF)
b) Ax(rxF)
c) A.(r.F)
d) Fx(r.F)
Answer: a
Explanation: The correct form of the equation is given by A.(rxF). Where A represents the vector representation of t
he axis of rotation, r the radius vector and F the force vector. This is usually done for determining the moment of the
force about the axis. That is if the body is being rotated by the force about an axis.

5. In the equation A.(rxF), the r vector is what?

a) The magnitude of the axis, i.e. the length of the axis

b) The length of the force vector
c) The length of the radius
d) The radius vector
Answer: d
Explanation: The r in the equation A.(rxF) is the radius vector. That is it is the vector which is having the start point
at the axis and the endpoint at the point of action of the force on the body. This vector is being crossed by the force v
ector, which is then followed by the dot product with the axis vector.

6. The axis vector in the calculation of the moment along the axis of rotation is the axis which is collinear with the f
orce vector.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The axis of the rotation cannot be collinear with the force vector. If it does so then the rotation of body
is not possible. That is the moment of the force is zero. Which means no rotation is given by the force along the axis
of rotation of the body.

7. Which of the following is correct?

a) We cannot represent the moment caused by the force along any axis in vector form
b) We can represent the moment caused by the force along any axis in the scalar form
c) We cannot represent the moment caused by the force along any point in vector form
d) We can represent the moment caused by the force along any axis in vector form
Answer: d
Explanation: As moment is a vector, we can represent it in the vector form easily. Whether it may be the moment of
the force acting on the body about the axis, or about the point. We can also convert the same in the Cartesian form to
o. The only thing we need to do is the cross product of the radius vector and the force vector.
8. What if the perpendicular distance from the axis is infinity?

a) The rotation is not possible

b) The rotation is possible but the moment generated is very less
c) The force applied will be very much high for even a small rotation
d) No rotation unless the contact is being broken
Answer: c
Explanation: The long distance means a huge force which one needs to apply. Because distance increased will also i
ncrease the resistance inertia which will obviously increase the force required for the rotation. Though we know that
the larger the distance the small is the force applied for rotation. But inertia must be taken into the considerations so
metimes.

9. In the equation A.(rxF) the r is heading from ______________ and ending at _____________

a) Axis of rotation, Force vector

b) Axis of rotation, Force vector’s point of action on the body
c) Force vector, Axis of rotation
d) Force vector’s point of action on the body, Axis of rotation
Answer: b
Explanation: It is the radius vector. The radius vector is always from the axis of rotation to the point of action of the
force on the body. Which means that the radius vector is not on any point on the force vector. Rather it ending at the
point on the force vector, where it is being in contact of the body.

10. What if the moment of the force calculated about the axis is negative?

a) It means that the force is applied in the opposite direction as imagined

b) It means that the direction of the motion is in the opposite sense as imagined
c) It means that the radius vector is in the opposite sense as imagined
d) Such calculation means that the calculations are wrongly done
Answer: b
Explanation: It means that the direction of the motion is in the opposite sense as imagined. We can’t say about the di
rection of the force or the direction of the radius vector. But yes we can say about the direction of the rotation as it th
e thing which is going to be calculated. Rest all the parts are fixed. They can’t be altered.

11. Determine the moment MQP in the vector form produced by the force as shown in the diagram, which tends to r
otate the rod ORQP along QP.

a) 72i + 36j Nm
b) 72i – 36j Nm
c) -72i – 36j Nm
d) -72i + 36j Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: The use of the formula A.(rxF) gives the answer. In which A is 0.89i + 0.447j m. And the force is 300
N, which is being applied at the end of the rod. Thus, after finding the equation of the axis and then replacing it in th
e equation shown above we get the answer. Actually, the main task is to know the axis equation in the vector form.

12. Determine the moment of the force F along the segment QP of the pipe assembly shown in the figure.

a) 110Nm
b) 100Nm
c) 500Nm
d) 510Nm
Answer: b
Explanation: The use of the formula A.(rxF) gives the answer. In which A is 0.6i + 0.8j m and the r is 0.5i + 0.5k. A
nd the force is 300N, which is being applied at the end of the rod. Thus, after finding the equation of the axis and the
n replacing it in the equation shown above we get the answer. Actually, the main task is to know the axis equation in
the vector form. Then get the magnitude of the moment.

13. Determine the magnitude of the moment of the force about the axis PQ.

a) -72Nm
b) 82Nm
c) 90Nm
d) 50Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: The use of the formula A.(rxF) gives the answer. In which A is 0.6i + 0.8j m and the r is -0.2k, and the
force which is being applied at the end of the rod. Thus, after finding the equation of the axis and then replacing it in
the equation shown above we get the answer. Actually, the main task is to know the axis equation in the vector form
. Then get the magnitude of the moment.

14. Determine the magnitude of the moment of the force about the y-axis.

a) -72Nm
b) 82Nm
c) 210Nm
d) 50Nm
Answer: c
Explanation: The use of the formula A.(rxF) gives the answer. In which A is 1j m and the r is -3i + 4j + 2k and the f
orce which is being applied at the end of the rod. Thus, after finding the equation of the axis and then replacing it in
the equation shown above we get the answer. Actually, the main task is to know the axis equation in the vector form.
Then get the magnitude of the moment.

15. The ___________ forces do not cause the rotation if the rotation is considered in about the axis of the body or th
e centroid axis of the body.

a) Non-concurrent
b) Concurrent
c) Parallel
d) Non-Parallel
Answer: b
Explanation: The concurrent forces are the which are somewhere touching the axis of rotation. If any of the force is t
ouching that axis, that force is not considered or is insufficient to cause a rotation. If a force is concurrent then the pe
rpendicular distance of the force from the line of an axis is zero, thus no rotation. As we know rotation is caused by
a moment.

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1. Couple is having a combination of two forces. They are different in magnitude.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The couple is a combination of two forces of the same magnitude. They are acting in the same sense of
rotation. That is they are acting in the opposite direction but giving the body a rotation in the same direction. Wheth
er it may be in a clockwise direction or anti-clockwise.

2. Determine the couple moment acting on the beam shown.

a) 500Nm
b) 1500Nm
c) 740Nm
d) 50Nm
Answer: c
Explanation: As we know that the moment is vector quantity, their summation requires vector math. The couple mo
ment is also the same. That is they are also the vectors and requires vector math. Thus the resultant couple moment i
s the vector sum of the various couples acting in the body.

3. The distance between the forces acting in the couple is ____________

a) Infinity
b) Zero
c) A finite distance
d) A circular loop
Answer: c
Explanation: The distance between the forces acting in the couple is having a finite distance. Couple is the combinati
on of two forces which are acting in the same sense of rotation. That is they are acting in the opposite direction to pr
ovide the same direction rotation.

4. The resultant force acting in the couple is _________

a) Zero
b) Infinite
c) Twice the magnitude of the single force
d) Half the magnitude of the single force
Answer: a
Explanation: The resultant of the force acting on the couple is always zero. As the force are acting in the opposite dir
ections. So if we add the forces algebraically then the sum is going to be zero. Or in other words, they cancel each ot
her.

5. A man is travelling in the car. He is driving the car. If he is taking a turn in the road. He is applying force to the st
eering wheel by holding the wheel with his both hands. The steering wheel is facing a moment of force.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The man is trying to rotate the wheel by applying the force. The force is being applied on the steering
wheel. Which is rotating the wheel, but it is the moment of the couple. Because the man has holded the wheel with h
is both hands, hence it is not the moment of the force.

6. Which of the following is correct for the moment of couple M caused by two forces of same magnitude F and are
separated by a distance of r?

a) M = rxF
b) M = r.F
c) M = -(rxF)
d) M = -(r.F)
Answer: a
Explanation: The answer is M = rxF. The moment id the cross product of the distance and the forces. It is the directi
on as directed by the curling of the hand. The thumb representing the direction of the moment. And the motion of th
e finger, that is the rotation gives the direction of the rotation caused by the forces.
7. A couple moment is a _______ vector.

a) Gradient
b) Scalar
c) Del
d) Free
Answer: d
Explanation: A couple moment is a free vector. It can act anywhere between the forces. As the couple is formed by t
wo forces acting in the opposite directions. These forces are separated by a distance r, say, then the moment caused
by them can act anywhere in between these forces.

8. Determine the couple moment acting on the beam shown.

a) 20KNm
b) 21KNm
c) 22KNm
d) 19KNm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is vector quantity, their summation requires vector math. The couple mo
ment is also the same. That is they are also the vectors and requires vector math. Thus the resultant couple moment i
s the vector sum of the various couples acting in the body.

9. Which of the following is correct?

a) The couple moment depends on the axis of rotation

b) The couple moment depends directly on the radius vector of forces
c) The couple moment depends only on the distance vector between the forces
d) The couple moment’s direction is given by the left hand rule
Answer: c
Explanation: The couple moment depends only on the distance vector between the forces. The radius vector of the fo
rces are not making the couple depended over it. But the distance vector is driven by subtracting the radius vectors o
f the forces. This means that the moment of the couple doesn’t directly depend on the radius vector of forces.

10. If the forces acting on the couple are in the same direction, that is they are not in the opposite direction as always
they are, then?

a) The direction of the forces doesn’t determine the moment

b) The couple moment will be maximum
c) The couple is not possible
d) No change occurs
Answer: c
Explanation: The forces are always in the opposite direction for the couple moment. But if they don’t act like the sa
me, that is they change their directions and align themselves in the same direction then the couple is not possible.

11. Determine the couple moment acting on the pipe shown.

a) -130Nm
b) 130Nm
c) -120Nm
d) 120Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is vector quantity, their summation requires vector math. The couple mo
ment is also the same. That is they are also the vectors and requires vector math. Thus the resultant couple moment i
s the vector sum of the various couples acting in the body.
12. The resultant couple moment is ____________ sum of various couples acting on the body.

a) Vector
b) Scalar
c) Scalar Triple
d) Dot
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is vector quantity, their summation requires vector math. The couple mo
ment is also the same. That is they are also the vectors and requires vector math. Thus the resultant couple moment i
s the vector sum of the various couples acting in the body.

13. Determine the couple moment acting on the triangular plane shown.

a) 1600Nm
b) 100Nm
c) 2600Nm
d) 600Nm
Answer: c
Explanation: None.

14. If two forces magnitude F each are acting in the Cartesian coordinate and are acting at the points A(3,3) and B(-3
,3). They are heading towards negative z direction and positive z direction respectively. The distance between them i
s given as r. The radius vectors of the force at A and B are Ra and Rb respectively. Then the moment is given as:

a) (Ra-Rb).F
b) (Rb-Ra).F
c) (Ra-Rb)xF
d) (Rb-Ra)xF
Answer: d
Explanation: The moment of a couple as we know is the cross product of the force and the distance between them. B
ut in this case, we are given the radius vectors of the forces. So when we apply the vector maths to find the distance
between the forces we get that the distance r = Rb-Ra. Now that we have the distance, we cross it with the force.

15. Determine the couple moment acting on the pipe shown.

a) 108j + 144k Nm
b) -108j + 144k Nm
c) 108j – 144k Nm
d) -108j – 144k Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is vector quantity, their summation requires vector math. The couple mo
ment is also the same. That is they are also the vectors, and requires vector math. Thus the resultant couple moment i
s the vector sum of the various couples acting in the body.

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1. The basic type of motion of a body is translation motion only.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The basic types of the motion of the body are translation and rotational. In which translation means the
motion is a straight motion while the in the rotational motion the body is moving of the body along the axis.

2. Find the total resultant force acting horizontally in the given figure below, consisting of a beam with various secti
ons?

a) 350N
b) 50N
c) 250N
d) 300N
Answer: d
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. That
is if the clockwise direction is positive then the anti-clockwise direction is taken as negative. If the couple is a vecto
r it can be easily simplified by taking the components.

3. The principle of transmissibility is

a) It states that the force acting on the body is a sliding vector

b) It states that the force acting on the body is a rolling vector
c) It states that the force acting on the body is a wedging vector
d) It states that the force acting on the body is a unit vector
Answer: a
Explanation: Principle of transmissibility states that the force acting on the body is a sliding vector. That is it can be
applied at any point of the body. It will give the same effect as if applied at any point other than the specific point. T
hus the answer.

4. Coplanar forces are not easily simplified in the simplification of the force and couple system.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The coplanar forces can be easily simplified in the simplification of the force and couple system. This i
s not only for the coplanar system of the forces but for any of the dimension vector. Which means the answer is false
.

5. What will be the total resultant force acting vertically in the figure given below consisting of a beam with various
sections?

a) 350N
b) 50N
c) 250N
d) 300N
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. That
is if the clockwise direction is positive then the anti-clockwise direction is taken as negative. If the couple is a vecto
r it can be easily simplified by taking the components.

6. The simplification of the couple is done on the basis of the ______________

a) The clockwise of the anti-clockwise rotation sign convention

b) The simplification is not possible
c) The couple is a vector and thus can’t be simplified
d) The couple is a scalar and can’t be simplified
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. That
 is if the clockwise direction is positive then the anti-clockwise direction is taken as negative. If the couple is a vecto
r it can be easily simplified by taking the components.

7. The simplification of the forces on the axis is done as______________

a) A particular system of rule is followed

b) No simplification of the forces is possible
c) The forces are already simplified and don’t need simplification
d) The forces are very tentative quantity on terms of simplification and hence no simplification possible
Answer: a
Explanation: A particular system of the rules is followed that is if the upward direction is taken as positive then the d
ownward direction is taken as negative. This is the same as done with the couple in the 2D. That is the forces can be
easily simplified. If taken in the vector form then the task is even easier.

8. Find the total resultant force acting horizontally in the given figure consisting of a beam of ‘L’ shape?

a) 60N
b) 605N
c) 0N
d) 6N
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. That
is if the clockwise direction is positive then the anti-clockwise direction is taken as negative. If the couple is a vecto
r it can be easily simplified by taking the components.

9. The couple is a scalar quantity and the force is vector quantity and hence only force can be simplified as _______
___

a) The first part of the statement is false and another part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and another part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and another part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and another part is true too
Answer: a
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D.

10. The force and the couple can’t be simplified together as one is the cause and the other is the effect.

a) The statement is correct and the reason given is also correct

b) The statement is wrong but the reason given is also correct
c) The statement is wrong and the reason given is also wrong
d) The statement is correct but the reason given is also wrong
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D.

11. The main moto of the simplification is to ______________

a) To reduce the calculation

b) To add the forces with the couples and take out the total
c) To subtract the forces with the couples and take out the total
d) To multiply the forces with the couples and take out the total
Answer: a
Explanation: The main moto of the simplification is to reduce the calculation. The forces are simplified and the coup
les too are simplified. This gives us the total force and the total moment acting on the body. This gives us a single va
lue of the respective thing and hence reduces the labour.

12. Find the total resultant force acting vertically in the given figure below consisting of a beam of ‘L’ shape.

a) 180N
b) 18N
c) 10N
d) 100N
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. That
is if the clockwise direction is positive then the anti-clockwise direction is taken as negative. If the couple is a vecto
r it can be easily simplified by taking the components.

13. The couple is simplified easily with the help of right hand rule. But the forces simplification is not possible as th
ere is no such system of rules so that the forces can be simplified.

a) The first part of the statement is false and another part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and another part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and another part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and another part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D. Forces are simplified on the basis of the algebra.

14. The couple moment and the force is divided to get the distance of the axis from the point of action of the force.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is the cross product of the force and the perpendicular distance between the forces. And if t
he division of the both is done than the resulting quantity is the distance only. But care must be taken that the produc
t is the cross product and hence sine angle must be divided too to get the distance.

15. Find the total resultant moment acting vertically in the given figure below consisting of a beam of ‘L’ shape.

a) 640Nm
b) 60Nm
c) 40Nm
d) 400Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. That
is if the clockwise direction is positive then the anti-clockwise direction is taken as negative. If the couple is a vecto
r it can be easily simplified by taking the components.

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1. What is a collinear system of forces?

a) The force system having all the forces parallel to each other
b) The force system having all the forces perpendicular to each other
c) The force system having all the forces emerging from a single point
d) Forces cannot form a collinear system of forces, it is not possible
Answer: c
Explanation: The force system having all the forces emerging from a point is called the collinear system of force. Th
is is a type of system of the force, which is easy in the simplification. This is because as the forces are the vector qua
ntity, the vector math is applied and the simplification is done.

2. Find the total resultant force acting in the given figure consisting of a beam with various sections.

a) 350N
b) 461N
c) 250N
d) 300N
Answer: b
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. That
is if the clockwise direction is positive then the anti-clockwise direction is taken as negative. After this the forces ar
e a determined and are added vetorially to get the resultant force.

3. In the collinear force system, a net force is being made after all the simplification done on all the forces.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The answer is obviously yes. As the simplification means addition and the subtraction of the forces. Th
is results in the simplification of the forces and thus gives us a single force. It is in a particular direction and hence th
e statement is true.

4. Just like the collinear forces, there are collinear couple and the net moment is taken out from it.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D.

5. Just like the collinear force system, there is a system of the parallel forces.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: There is a system so called the parallel system of the forces. This is another type of forces. The simplifi
cation of this type of the forces is also very easy. This means that the forces in a certain direction are taken as positiv
e and in the other direction is negative and hence the simplification is done.

6. Find the total resultant moment acting in the given figure consisting of a beam with various sections.

a) 37.5Nm
b) 7.5Nm
c) 79.5Nm
d) 370.5Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. That
is if the clockwise direction is positive then the anti-clockwise direction is taken as negative. If the couple is a vecto
r it can be easily simplified by taking the components.

7. The system of the collinear and the parallel force are simplified as ______________

a) The simplified collinear force system gives us a net force and the parallel force system gives us a simplified force,
and then we add it vectorially
b) Such simplification is not possible
c) The simplification is usually done by not considering the directions of the both
d) The simplification is done by considering the rotations only
Answer: a
Explanation: The simplification is easy. The simplified force system gives us a net force and the parallel force syste
m gives us a simplified force, and then we add it vectorially. Thus the vector addition at the last can be easily done a
nd thus both can be simplified.

8. The couple and the other two force systems can be easily simplified.

a) Statement is wrong
b) Statement is right
c) Statement is right if we remove the ‘couple’ part
d) Statement is right if we remove the ‘force’ part
Answer: b
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D.

9. The resultant force is equal to the _______ of all the forces.

a) Sum
b) Product
c) Subtraction
d) Division
Answer: a
Explanation: As the simplification means addition and the subtraction of the forces. This results in the simplification
of the forces and thus gives us a single force. It is in a particular direction. But if one is considering the direction wit
h the magnitude of the force, we can say that the resultant is the sum of all the forces.

10. The couple is simplified easily with the help of left hand rule. But the forces simplification is not possible as ther
e is no such system of rules so that the forces can be simplified.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: a
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D. Forces are simplified on the basis of the algebra.

11. The forces of the parallel system and the couple can’t be simplified together as one is the cause and the other is t
he effect.
a) The statement is correct and the reason given is also correct
b) The statement is wrong but the reason given is also correct
c) The statement is wrong and the reason given is also wrong
d) The statement is correct but the reason given is also wrong
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D.

12. The forces of the collinear system and the couple can’t be simplified together as one is the cause and the other is
the effect.

a) The statement is correct and the reason given is also correct

b) The statement is wrong but the reason given is also correct
c) The statement is wrong and the reason given is also wrong
d) The statement is correct but the reason given is also wrong
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D.

13. Find the angle between the horizontal and vertical forces acting in the given figure consisting of a beam with var
ious sections.

a) 49.4˚
b) 9.4˚
c) 4.4˚
d) 40.4˚
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. As s
oon as the horizontal and the vertical forces are determined we can get the angle between them. This can be done by
using the tangent trigonometry function.

14. Find the total resultant moment acting in the given figure consisting of a beam with various sections.

a) 210Nm
b) 10Nm
c) 20Nm
d) 102Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. As s
oon as the horizontal and the vertical forces are determined we can get the angle between them. This can be done by
using the tangent trigonometry function.

15. Find the total resultant force acting in the given figure consisting of a beam with various sections.

a) 157N
b) 175N
c) 15N
d) 17N
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. That
is if the clockwise direction is positive then the anti-clockwise direction is taken as negative. After this, the forces ar
e determined and are added vectorially to get the resultant force.
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1. The uniformly distributed load is having two different values of load per unit length on the ends of the distributio
n.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is no. The uniform distributed load is not having two different values of the load per unit m
eter on the corner. Rather the distribution is uniform. That is it is having the same value of the same on both of the c
orners.

2. There are two types of loading. The uniformly distributed and the non-uniformly distributed that is the one having
two different values at corners.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: The two forms of the loading are the uniformly distributed and the non-uniformly distributed that is the
one having two different values at corners. The uniform distributed load is not having two different values of the lo
ad per unit meter on the corner.

3. The type of reduction of the loading is different for the uniformly distributed and the non-uniformly.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The methods for the reduction of the loadings are different for both uniformly distributed and the non-
uniformly. In the latter, the simplification uses the quadratic equation. The latter also uses the integration for the sam
e purpose.

4. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the shaft shown from left.

a) 640N
b) 675N
c) 620N
d) 610N
Answer: b
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force.

5. In the simplification of the loading system, the net force acts at the ___________ of the loading body.

a) Centroid
b) The centre axis
c) The corner
d) The base
Answer: a
Explanation: In the simplification of the loading system the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body. That is
 if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then the at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the load
ing will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading.

6. In triangle distributed loading, the loading at any distance can be easily found by using which of the following trig
onometry function?

a) Tangent
b) Sine
c) Cosine
d) Sine inverse
Answer: a
Explanation: In triangle distributed loading, the loading at any distance can be easily found by using Tangent trigono
metry function. That is because the linear distance only determines the vertical loading. That is the loading is unifor
m along the linear distance. Is the linear distance is more the loading is more.

7. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the shaft shown. The length is 2m.

a) 160N
b) 16N
c) 169N
d) 111N
Answer: a
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force.

8. If the non-Uniform loading is of the type of parabola then?

a) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
b) The net force will act the centre of the parabola
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola
Answer: d
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force.

9. If any external force also is applied on the distributed loading then?

a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not to be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, rest will be the external forc
es
Answer: d
Explanation: The external forces are treated differently. They are not added by the force of the distributed loading. T
hat is the force not only acts at the centroid always. It can be shifted also. Depending on the external forces.

10. The resultant force acting, of the uniformly distributed loading, is dependent on:

a) Area
b) Vertical distance
c) Length of the supports
d) The distance of the supports between them
Answer: a
Explanation: The resultant force acting, of the uniformly distributed loading, is dependent on the area that the distrib
ution is covering. The more the area the more is the force. That is the more is the tension created over the structure o
n which loading is kept. Hence the answer.

11. The difference between the two types of loading namely uniformly distributed and the non-uniformly distributed
loading is that:

a) The latter has the involvement of the integration for the calculation of the net force
b) The former has the involvement of the integration for the calculation of the net force
c) The latter has the involvement of the differentiation for the calculation of the net force
d) The former has the involvement of the differentiation for the calculation of the net force
Answer: a
Explanation: The non-uniformly distributed loading is using the integration for getting the net force given by it. And
the former only need the area or the linear distance of the loading. That is when the distance is multiplied by the uni
formly distributed load the net force is obtained. But that is not so with the non-uniform one.

12. Determine the location of the resultant force acting on the shaft shown from left. The length is 2m.

a) 1.5m
b) 0.5m
c) 0.7m
d) 1.8m
Answer: a
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force.

13. Determine the location of the resultant force acting on the shaft shown from left.

a) 4.5m
b) 4m
c) 3.5m
d) 2m
Answer: b
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force.

15. Determine the magnitude of the resultant force acting on the shaft shown from left.

a) 1650N
b) 150N
c) 1250N
d) 1450N
Answer: a
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force.

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1. The main condition for the rigid body is that the distance between various particles of the body does change.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The main condition for the rigid body is that the distance between various particles of the body does no
t change. If the distance does change the body is not to be called as rigid. Thus the fix distance of the particles is ver
y much required for the equilibrium of the rigid body.

2. The shown here has a mass of 100kg. What is missing here in the diagram?

a) The weight of the body is not shown

b) The moment of the force is not shown
c) The body cant be held like this
d) The body diagonal is not shown
Answer: a
Explanation: None.

3. What does Newton’s third law states?

a) The rate of change of momentum is equal to the force applied

b) For every reaction, there is an opposite reaction
c) The body tends to be rotated if the force is applied tangentially
d) The body is rest until a force is applied
Answer: b
Explanation: The requirement of the third law is important in the equilibrium of the body. Especially the rigid bodies
. The rigid body particles are in the equilibrium and are thus facing the forces and to be in the equilibrium they also r
eact and apply the opposite force and thus the third law of Newton.

4. Determine the horizontal components of the reaction on the beam caused by the pin at P. The force 60N is multipl
ied by 10 and then is applied.

a) 424N
b) 24N
c) 44N
d) 441N
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must be need
ed to be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

5. For equilibrium, the net force acting on the body is zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The equilibrium is only attained if the net force on the body tends to be equal to zero. Thus the forces c
ancel out. If this happens there is no motion of the body along with any direction and hence the body is said to be in
equilibrium. The body here is a rigid body.

6. For equilibrium, the net moment acting on the body by various forces is zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The equilibrium is only attained if the net moment on the body tends to be equal to zero. Thus the mom
ents caused by different forces cancel out. If this happens there is no motion of the body along with any direction an
d hence the body is said to be in equilibrium. The body here is a rigid body.

7. Determine the vertical components of the reaction on the beam caused by the pin at Q. The force 60N is multiplie
d by 10 and then is applied.

a) 319N
b) 445N
c) 45N
d) 40N
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

8. The net moment of the body is zero that means the distance between the force and the rotational axis is zero.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The net moment of the body is zero that doesn’t mean that the distance between the force and the rotati
onal axis is zero. This means moments caused by different forces cancels out. If this happens there is no motion of t
he body along with any direction and hence the body is said to be in equilibrium.

9. Determine the horizontal components of the reaction on the beam caused by the roller at P.

a) 536N
b) 536cos30N
c) 536sin30N
d) 536tan30N
Answer: c
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must need to
be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

10. The net force of the body is zero that means the force are not being applied to the body at all and hence the body
is in equilibrium.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The net force of the body is zero that doesn’t mean that the force are not being applied to the body at al
l and hence the body is in equilibrium. The equilibrium is only attained if the net force on the body tends to be equal
to zero. Thus the forces cancels out. If this happens there is no motion of the body along any direction and hence the
body is said to be in equilibrium.

11. Which of the following is correct?

a) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only in the 2D
b) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only in the 3D
c) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only in the 1D
d) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid throughout
Answer: d
Explanation: The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid throughout. This means that th
e conditions are irrespective of the dimensions. The conditions are the basic rules that define the equilibrium of the b
ody and thus are applicable in any dimension of the real axis.

12. Determine the vertical components of the reaction on the beam caused by the roller at P.

a) 536N
b) 536cos30N
c) 536sin30N
d) 536tan30N
Answer: b
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must need to
be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

13. For the conditions of the equilibrium of the body, i.e. the rigid body only the external forces defines the equilibri
um. Because the internal forces cancels out so not to be considered.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The application of the internal forces does affect the conditions of the equilibrium of the body. Not onl
y the external but the internal forces that are developed by the sake of external forces does develop a tending effect o
n the equilibrium of the body. Thus the internal forces doesn’t cancels out.

14. Which of the following needs to zero for the perfect equilibrium?

a) ∑F=0, ∑M=0 and ∑θ = 0

b) ∑F=0, ∑M≠0 and ∑θ = 0
c) ∑F≠0, ∑M=0 and ∑θ = 0
d) ∑F=0, ∑M=0 and ∑θ≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must need to
be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

15. Determine the vertical components of the reaction on the beam caused by the pin at P. The force 60N is multiplie
d by 10 and then is applied.

a) 405N
b) 445N
c) 45N
d) 40N
Answer: a
Explanation: None.

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1. Free body diagrams don’t play any role in making the calculations on the conditions of the equilibrium of the bod
y.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The free body diagrams does play an important role in the formation of the conditions of the equilibriu
m of the rigid body. As the net forces are zero, the fbd helps us to take the measure of the same. That is to see wheth
er the summation is really zero or not.

2. The net forces of acting on the body need to be zero. This is also applicable for the simply supported beams. This
means that the support reaction is also counted in making the net force zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The support reactions of the beam is also counted in the making of the forces zero. As far as the net for
ce is concerned the support reaction does affect the conditions for the equilibrium of the body. Hence one needs to ta
ke care of the support reactions of the beam too.

3. Determine the horizontal components of the reaction on the beam caused by the pin at Q.

a) 268N
b) 68N
c) 28N
d) 288N
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

4. If the body is in equilibrium, but it having a rotational curled ray shown in the free body diagram then:

a) The diagram is wrong

b) Such rotations can’t be shown in the fbds(free body diagrams)
c) The ray shown may be correct, but the body is not said to be in equilibrium
d) The body is said to be in equilibrium only, as the other forces will cancel out that rotation
Answer: d
Explanation: The body having equilibrium will not rotate at any cost. Yes, the diagram may contain the rotational ar
ray showing the couple being acted over the structure. But the thing is that the forces, i.e. the other forces which are
outside the dependency of this rotation will cancel out this rotation and thus the body is in equilibrium.

5. If five forces are acting on the single particle and having an angle of 72˚ between each and are collinear, then:

a) The net force acting on the body is zero

b) The net force acting on the body is horizontal
c) The net force acting on the body is vertical
d) The net force acting on the body is at an angle of 45
Answer: a
Explanation: The net force acting on the body is zero. This means that the forces cancel out. This means that the bod
y is in equilibrium and doesn’t need any of the external force to make itself in the equilibrium.

6. Which of the following is correct?

a) There is only one type of support for the beams
b) There are only two types of support for the beams
c) There are only three types of support for the beams
d) There are various types of support for the beams and they are countless
Answer: d
Explanation: The support is the thing which a human decides. That can be anything. That is the support can be given
in any way. The type of support also is important as different types of supports have different conditions for the equ
ilibrium.

7. What does Newton’s second law states?

a) The rate of change of momentum is equal to the force applied

b) For every reaction, there is an opposite reaction
c) The body is tend to be rotated if the force is applied tangentially
d) The body is rest until a force is applied
Answer: a
Explanation: The requirement of the second law is important in the equilibrium of the body. Specially the rigid bodi
es. The rigid body particles are if are in motion then this law helps in making the conditions for the equilibrium of th
e body. As when the body will leave its state of motion and come in rest, etc.

8. Determine the vertical components of the reaction on the beam caused by the pin at Q.

a) 286N
b) 68N
c) 28N
d) 288N
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

9. Which of the following is correct?

a) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only if the forces are collinear
b) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only if the forces are parallel
c) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only if the forces are perpendicular
d) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid throughout
Answer: d
Explanation: The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid throughout. This means that th
e conditions are irrespective of the types of forces. The conditions are the basic rules that defines the equilibrium of t
he body and thus are applicable in any type of forces of the real axis.

10. Determine the horizontal components of the reaction on the beam caused by the pin at Q. The force 60N is multi
plied by 10 and then is applied.

a) 0N
b) 445N
c) 45N
d) 40N
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces are acting at particular angles.
11. For the conditions of the equilibrium of the body, i.e. the rigid body only the external forces defines the equilibri
um. And the support reactions only cancels out the rotation part of the body.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The application of the support reaction forces does affect the conditions of the equilibrium of the body.
Not only the external but the support reaction forces that are developed by the sake of external forces does develop
a tending effect on the equilibrium of the body. Thus the support reaction forces also cancels the external forces.

12. Cantilever beams are always in equilibrium, whether you form the equilibrium equations or not.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The thing is that the formation of the conditions only verifies that the body is in equilibrium or not. Th
us if the cantilever is in equilibrium then also the condition needs to be applied. It will be wrong to justify the equilib
rium only on the basis of structure.

13. Determine the horizontal components of the reaction on the beam caused by the pin at Q.

a) 268N
b) 68N
c) 28N
d) 288N
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

14. Determine the vertical components of the reaction on the beam caused by the pin at Q. The force 60N is multipli
ed by 10 and then is applied.

a) 319N
b) 445N
c) 45N
d) 40N
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

15. For the conditions of the equilibrium of the body, i.e. the rigid body only the external forces defines the equilibri
um. And the support reactions only adds the rotation part of the body.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The application of the support reaction forces does affect the conditions of the equilibrium of the body.
Not only the external but the support reaction forces that are developed by the sake of external forces does develop
a tending effect on the equilibrium of the body. Thus the support reaction forces also cancels the external forces.

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1. The difference between the two and the three force members is:

a) The former is collinear and the latter is parallel

b) The former is parallel and the latter is perpendicular
c) The former is perpendicular and the latter is collinear
d) The former is acting on two points in the body while the latter is on three points
Answer: d
Explanation: The definition of the two force member only defines that the forces are being acted on the two points o
n the body. So does is the definition of the three forces members. The points of action of the three forces are three.

2. Determine the vertical components of the reaction on the beam at pin Q.

a) 4kN
b) 3kN
c) 2kN
d) 1kN
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

3. Which of the following is correct?

a) The two force members doesn’t apply the moments to the body
b) The three force members doesn’t apply the moments to the body
c) Only the two force members apply the moments to the body
d) Both the three and two force members apply the moments to the body
Answer: d
Explanation: The force members doesn’t define whether the moment will be applied or not. They are basically the fo
rces only. Thus if there is a force applied on the body, there will be a moment produced by them. If not then probabl
y the forces might be collinear.

4. The three member forces are greatly influencing the moment than the two force members.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The influence of the moment on the body is determined by the number of the forces acting on the body
. It depend on the magnitude of the force. It also depends whether the forces are collinear or not. Thus the number of
forces are not the only parameter for the determination of the moment.

5. The three member forces apply three different moments and the two members apply two different moments on the
body.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Never judge the application of the moment of the force applied on the body by the number of the force
s being acted on the body. What is two of the forces becomes collinear and are having a zero distance from the axis
of rotation. Thus the three and two force member apply moments according to the situation, whether the distance is z
ero or not.

6. For two force members to be in equilibrium when _____________

a) They both must not be collinear

b) They must be of different magnitude
c) They must be in the same direction
d) They must be in the opposite direction cancelling each other
Answer: d
Explanation: Simply, for the equilibrium the net force must be zero. That is the forces must be collinear if equilibriu
m is to be established. And they must be in the opposite directions. They also must be of same magnitude, cancelling
each other.

7. Determine the force in section RS.

a) 11.3N
b) 3kN
c) 2kN
d) 1kN
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

8. Moment equilibrium for the three force members will only be satisfied if_____________

a) Three forces are in different dimensions

b) The forces are in the same direction
c) The forces are concurrent
d) The forces are perpendicular
Answer: c
Explanation: The moment equilibrium for the three force members is satisfied only when the three forces are concur
rent. That is the forces form a parallel system. That is the net force on the three axis turns out to be zero. This will on
ly happen if the forces are in the same plane.

9. Which of the following statement for the three force system is true?

a) The moment need not be seen for the equilibrium, they are always in equilibrium
b) The forces are not always in the equilibrium
c) The forces are always in equilibrium
d) The moments are always in equilibrium
Answer: b
Explanation: The forces in the three force system is not always in the equilibrium. The equilibrium is established wh
en the forces cancel out each other. Also when the net moment is zero. Then only the equilibrium is established in th
e three force system.

10. Determine the horizontal components of the reaction on the beam at pin Q.

a) 8kN
b) 3kN
c) 2kN
d) 1kN
Answer: a
Explanation: None.

11. Determine the magnitude of the force F = 300j parallel to the direction of AB?

a) 155N
b) 257.1N
c) 200N
d) 175N
Answer: b
Explanation: Force component in the direction parallel to the AB is given by unit vector 0.286i + 0.857j + 0.429k. N
ow (300j).(0.286i + 0.857j + 0.429k) = 257.1N. Just try to resolve the force into it’s particular components.

12. All the forces need to be collinear in the three force system. Then only they will for the equilibrium state.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: The forces need to be collinear. If they are not so then the equilibrium is not possible. If they are parall
el too, then it is assumed that they are meeting in the infinity. And hence the equilibrium is established between the f
orces. Thus the forces must be collinear.

13. Determine the vertical components of the reaction on the beam at pin Q.

a) 4kN
b) 3kN
c) 2kN
d) 1kN
Answer: a
Explanation: None.

14. The three force system can also be in the equilibrium if_________

a) All the forces are parallel to each other heading towards the same direction
b) The force components cancel each other
c) The forces are very small in magnitude
d) The forces are very huge in magnitude
Answer: b
Explanation: Even if the forces components cancels each other than the body is said to be in equilibrium. Also, it sh
ould satisfy whether the moments caused by the forces are equal to zero or not. This means if the moment caused an
d the net force is zero the body is in equilibrium.

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1. A force is developed by a support that not allows the ________ of its attached member.

a) Translation
b) Rotation
c) Addition
d) Subtraction
Answer: a
Explanation: The force developed by a support doesn’t allow the translation of its attached member. This is the basic
 condition for the equilibrium of the forces in any dimension. This rule is applied when the support reactions are take
n into the account for the equilibrium of the body.

2. In the diagram given below, coordinates of D is (1, -2, 2), C (-2, 0, 0) and B are as shown. The dark region is the c
ables holding the weight of 600N at the origin. Find the tension in the AD section.

a) 900N
b) 693N
c) 646N
d) 0N
Answer: a
Explanation: As the system is in equilibrium so we need to balance the forces. So when applying the condition of ne
t force to be zero in the z direction, we get (2/3)FAD = 600N. This gives us force along AD be 900N.

3. A couple moment is developed when _______ of the attached member is prevented.

a) Translation
b) Rotation
c) Addition
d) Subtraction
Answer: b
Explanation: The development of the couple moment is when there is a prevention of the rotation of the attached me
mber. This is the basic condition for the equilibrium of the couple moments in any dimension. This rule is applied w
hen the couple moments are taken into the account for the equilibrium of the body.

4. We first make equilibrium equations of the body by considering all the three dimensional forces and then the free
body diagram is made and solved.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: We first make the free body diagram and then we make the equilibrium equations to satisfy the given c
onditions. This helps us to solve the question easily. As this reduces the part of imagination and increases accuracy t
oo.

5. ∑Fx=0, ∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0 are vector equations for the three dimensions. They are satisfied when the body is achi
eved its state of equilibrium.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is false as the equations asked are scalars. As we make the net sum of the forces along the
axis equal to zero. Of course this equation comes from the solving the vector forms, but still the result is a scalar, he
nce the equations are scalar.

6. The supports in the 3D are having more than three reaction forces. Because they are having three axis on which th
e components of the forces need to be zero.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: As 3D is defined as the three axis system, we have to consider the equilibrium in all the three axis. This
will make the equilibrium go on all the axis of the 3D space. And hence will cancel all the forces.

7. The single pin, single bearing and single hinge resist _______

a) Force
b) Couple moments
c) Both force and couple moments
d) Inertia
Answer: c
Explanation: The experiments have founded that the single pin, single bearing and single hinge resist both force and
couple moments. This does helps in attaining the equilibrium of the body. Thus proper guiding must be taken during
solving the question on the same.

8. If the supports are properly aligned then the reaction forces developed are adequate to support the body.

a) Statement is true only in 2D

b) Statement is true only in 3D
c) Statement is true throughout
d) Statement is true only in 1D
Answer: c
Explanation: This is the basic nature observed during the experiments on the beams an all the support system. The di
mension doesn’t affect the equilibrium conditions. The main motto is to achieve the equilibrium. It is achieved by eq
uating the net force equal to zero.

9. Find the tension in the cable AC.

a) 23.6N
b) 55N
c) 89N
d) -29N
Answer: a
Explanation: First represent the forces in their vector form. Then equate the net sum of the forces in the x, y and z di
rections to be zero. You will get FB = FC and 2(.848) = 40N. This gives the answer as 23.6N.

10. Determine the value of the q, parallel to the z axis. That is the point of intersection of the projections of the point
s A, B and C parallel to the xy plane. With the distance between the tri-section point and the points A, B and C be eq
ual to 0.6m.

a) 51.9cm
b) 51.9mm
c) 51.9m
d) 5.19mm
Answer: a
Explanation: The application of the equilibrium equation will yield the result. That is the resultant along the z-axis w
ill remain zero. Which give the value of γ as 50˚. And therefore q=51.9cm.

11. If the supports are not properly aligned then the reaction forces developed are adequate to support the body.

a) Statement is true only in 2D

b) Statement is true only in 3D
c) Statement is false throughout
d) Statement is true only in 1D
Answer: c
Explanation: This is the basic nature observed during the experiments on the beams an all the support system. The di
mension doesn’t affect the equilibrium conditions. The main motto is to achieve the equilibrium. It is achieved by eq
uating the net force equal to zero. But here the system is not properly aligned.

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1. To satisfy the conditions of the equilibrium, the must not only be having a net force zero, but also be properly hel
d or constrained on its supports.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: To satisfy the conditions of the equilibrium, the must not only be having a net force zero, but also be pr
operly held or constrained on its supports. The more the stable are the supports the more the stable is the equilibrium
, that is the more easily is the equilibrium is achived.

2. A homogeneous plate is shown has a mass of 100kg \tand is subjected to a force and a system of couple along its
edge. If it is supported by a horizontal plane and a roller at R a ball and socket joint at P and a cord at Q, determine t
he vertical reaction at the support P.

a) -217N
b) 80N
c) 700N
d) -250N
Answer: a
Explanation: As the vertical force means that the force is going from the outer to the inner section of the plate and th
e horizontal force means that the force is travelling along the plane of the surface. Thus by applying the conditions f
or the equilibrium we get the above answer.

3. What is redundant support?

a) The supports consisting of hinge and a roller

b) The supports consisting of hinge only
c) The supports consisting of roller only
d) The supports more than necessary to hold the structure
Answer: d
Explanation: The supports if are more than the supports required to hold the structure are termed as the reductant sup
ports. It becomes statically indeterminate. This not only creates a problem in achieving the equilibrium but also affec
ts the calculation of the equilibrium.

4. A homogeneous plate is shown has a mass of 100kg \tand is subjected to a force and a system of couple along its
edge. If it is supported by a horizontal plane and a roller at R a ball and socket joint at P and a cord at Q, determine t
he horizontal reaction at the support P.

a) 0N
b) 80N
c) 200N
d) 100N
Answer: a
Explanation: As the vertical force means that the force is going from the outer to the inner section of the plate and th
e horizontal force means that the force is travelling along the plane of the surface. Thus by applying the conditions f
or the equilibrium we get the above answer.
5. Statically indeterminacy means?

a) There will be less equations available for equilibrium than the unknown loadings
b) There will be more equations available for equilibrium than the unknown loadings
c) There will be equal equations available for equilibrium as the unknown loadings
d) The support reactions are opposite to each other
Answer: a
Explanation: Statically indeterminacy is the condition when less equations are available for equilibrium than the unk
nown loadings. This not only creates a problem in achieving the equilibrium but also affects the calculation of the eq
uilibrium. Thus this is the stuff which one needs to prevent from happening.

6. A homogeneous plate is shown has a mass of 100kg \tand is subjected to a force and a system of couple along its
edge. If it is supported by a horizontal plane and a roller at R a ball and socket joint at P and a cord at Q, determine t
he horizontal reaction at the support R.

a) 0N
b) 30N
c) 20N
d) 10N
Answer: a
Explanation: As the vertical force means that the force is going from the outer to the inner section of the plate and th
e horizontal force means that the force is travelling along the plane of the surface. Thus by applying the conditions f
or the equilibrium we get the above answer.

7. The additional equations invented in the statically indeterminacy condition is solved by __________

a) Deformation conditions at the point of supports

b) Rotational equations
c) Translation equations
d) Linear rotation equations
Answer: a
Explanation: The additional equations invented in the statically indeterminacy condition is solved by deformation co
nditions at the point of supports. This are the conditions which are based on the physical and the chemical properties
of the body. A different study for this is done in mechanics of material.

8. The generation of equal equations available for equilibrium as the unknown loadings always guarantees the stabili
ty of the body.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The generation of equal equations available for equilibrium as the unknown loadings doesn’t always gu
arantees the stability of the body. It is defined on the basis of the supports that are their supporting the body. Or it als
o depends on the types of the forces that are acting, i.e. the three or two force system.

9. In 3D the body will be improperly constrained if the axis is intersected by the reaction forces.

a) The statement is right

b) The statement is wrong
c) The statement is right if there is ‘2D’
d) The statement is right if there is ‘support reaction’
Answer: a
Explanation: In 3D the body will be improperly constrained if the axis is intersected by the reaction forces. This is b
ecause there will be small moments which will occur in the real situations. But they will not be matched in the calcul
ations done for determining the equilibrium. Thus the statement is right.

10. The improper constraining leading to instability occurs when ___________________

a) The reactive forces are parallel

b) The reactive forces are perpendicular
c) The reactive forces are equal
d) The reactive forces are rotational
Answer: a
Explanation: If the forces are parallel (the reactive forces) then this creates an instability. That is this is also a type of
improper constraining which is resulting in instability of the structure. Thus reactive forces are parallel are resulting
in the instability of the body.

11. A homogeneous plate is shown has a mass of 100kg and is subjected to a force and a system of couple along its
edge. If it is supported by a horizontal plane and a roller at R a ball and socket joint at P and a cord at Q, determine t
he sum of all the vertical forces at the supports.

a) 1280N
b) 80N
c) 200N
d) 100N
Answer: a
Explanation: As the vertical force means that the force is going from the outer to the inner section of the plate and th
e horizontal force means that the force is travelling along the plane of the surface. Thus by applying the conditions f
or the equilibrium we get the above answer.

12. A homogeneous plate is shown has a mass of 100kg \tand is subjected to a force and a system of couple along its
edge. If it is supported by a horizontal plane and a roller at R a ball and socket joint at P and a cord at Q, determine t
he vertical reaction at the support Q.

a) 707N
b) 80N
c) 200N
d) 100N
Answer: a
Explanation: As the vertical force means that the force is going from the outer to the inner section of the plate and th
e horizontal force means that the force is travelling along the plane of the surface. Thus by applying the conditions f
or the equilibrium we get the above answer.

13. What is partially constrained?

a) There will be less equations available for equilibrium than the reactive forces
b) There will be more equations available for equilibrium than the reactive forces
c) There will be equal equations available for equilibrium as the reactive forces
d) The support reactions are opposite to each other
Answer: b
Explanation: The situation may arise when there will be more equations available for equilibrium than the reactive f
orces. This condition is known as partially constrained. This is also one of the factor which is giving instability to th
e structure.

14. If all the reactive forces are intersecting at the common point or pass through a common axis when ___________
__
a) The body is in equilibrium
b) The body is said to be achieve stability but no equilibrium
c) The body is said to be improperly constrained
d) The body is in deformation
Answer: c
Explanation: If all the reactive forces are intersecting at the common point or pass through a common axis then the b
ody is said to be improperly constrained. Whether it may be the reactive forces being parallel. Or be it the forces me
eting at a common point. The body is said to be improperly constrained.

15. A homogeneous plate is shown has a mass of 100kg and is subjected to a force and a system of couple along its
edge. If it is supported by a horizontal plane and a roller at R a ball and socket joint at P and a cord at Q, determine t
he vertical reaction at the support R.

a) 790N
b) 80N
c) 200N
d) 100N
Answer: a
Explanation: As the vertical force means that the force is going from the outer to the inner section of the plate and th
e horizontal force means that the force is travelling along the plane of the surface. Thus by applying the conditions f
or the equilibrium we get the above answer.

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1. Just like the collinear forces for free body diagrams there are collinear couple and the net moment is taken out fro
m it.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D.

2. The simplification of the forces on the free body diagrams is done as __________

a) A particular system of rule is followed

b) No simplification of the forces is possible
c) The forces are already simplified and don’t need simplification
d) The forces are very tentative quantity on terms of simplification and hence no simplification possible
Answer: a
Explanation: A particular system of the rules is followed that is if the upward direction is taken as positive then the d
ownward direction is taken as negative. This is same as done with the couple in the 2D. That is the forces can be easi
ly simplified. If taken in the vector form then the task is even easier.

3. In the figure given below, calculate the value of cosγ. (γ is the angle made by the resultant vector and the z-axis)

a) 0.866
b) -0.354
c) 0.540
d) 0.354
Answer: a
Explanation: Well, the question is just a tricky one. Just subtract 60 from 90, you will get the γ, which is 30. And the
n apply the cosine formula for getting the components of respective axis.

4. The system of the collinear and the parallel force in free body diagrams are simplified as _________

a) The simplified collinear force system gives us a net force and the parallel force system gives us a simplified force,
and then we add it vectorially
b) Such simplification is not possible
c) The simplification is usually done by not considering the directions of the both
d) The simplification is done by considering the rotations only
Answer: a
Explanation: The simplification is easy. The simplified force system gives us a net force and the parallel force syste
m gives us a simplified force, and then we add it vectorially. Thus the vector addition at the last can be easily done a
nd thus both can be simplified.

5. The couple is a scalar quantity and the force is vector quantity and hence only force can be simplified in free body
diagrams.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: a
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D.

6. The couple is simplified easily by the help of right hand rule in free body diagrams. But the forces simplification i
s not possible as there is no such system of rules so that the forces can be simplified.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D. Forces are simplified on the basis of the algebra.

7. The couple and the other two force systems in free body diagrams can be easily simplified.

a) Statement is wrong
b) Statement is right
c) Statement is right if we remove ‘couple’ part
d) Statement is right if we remove ‘force’ part
Answer: b
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D.

8. Determine the vertical components of the reaction on the beam at pin Q.

a) 4kN
b) 3kN
c) 2kN
d) 1kN
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

9. The force and the couple can’t be simplified together as one is the cause and the other is the effect in free body dia
grams.

a) The statement is correct and the reason given is also correct

b) The statement is wrong but the reason given is also correct
c) The statement is wrong and the reason given is also wrong
d) The statement is correct but the reason given is also wrong
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D.

10. What is a collinear system of forces for free body diagrams?

a) The force system having all the forces parallel to each other
b) The force system having all the forces perpendicular to each other
c) The force system having all the forces emerging from a single point
d) Forces cannot form a collinear system of forces, it is not possible
Answer: c
Explanation: The force system having all the forces emerging from a point is called the collinear system of force. Th
is is a type of system of the force, which is easy in the simplification. This is because as the forces are the vector qua
ntity, the vector math is applied and the simplification is done.

11. The main moto of the free body diagrams is to:

a) To reduce the calculation

b) To add the forces with the couples and take out the total
c) To subtract the forces with the couples and take out the total
d) To multiply the forces with the couples and take out the total
Answer: a
Explanation: The main moto of the free body diagrams is to reduce the calculation. The forces are simplified and the
couples too are simplified. This gives us the total force and the total moment acting on the body. This gives us a sin
gle value of the respective thing and hence reduces the labour.

12. The couple moment and the force is divided to get the distance of the axis from the point of action of the force in
free body diagrams.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is the cross product of the force and the perpendicular distance between the forces. And if t
he division of the both is done than the resulting quantity is the distance only. But care must be taken that the produc
t is the cross product and hence sine angle must be divided too to get the distance.

13. The simplification of the couple is done for free body diagrams on the basis of the:
a) The clockwise of the anti-clockwise rotation sign convention
b) The simplification is not possible
c) The couple is a vector and thus can’t be simplified
d) The couple is a scalar and can’t be simplified
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. That
is if the clockwise direction is positive then the anti-clockwise direction is taken as negative. If the couple is a vecto
r it can be easily simplified by taking the components.

14. Principle of transmissibility for free body diagrams is:

a) It states that the force acting on the body is a sliding vector

b) It states that the force acting on the body is a rolling vector
c) It states that the force acting on the body is a wedging vector
d) It states that the force acting on the body is a unit vector
Answer: a
Explanation: Principle of transmissibility states that the force acting on the body is a sliding vector. That is it can be
applied at any point of the body. It will give the same effect as if applied at any point other that the specific point. T
hus the answer.

15. Just like the collinear force system for free body diagrams there is a system of the parallel forces.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: There is a system so called the parallel system of the forces. This is another type of the forces. The sim
plification of this type of the forces is also very easy. This means that the forces in a certain direction is taken as posi
tive and in the other direction is negative and hence the simplification is done.

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1. __________ is a structure made of slender members which are joined together at their end points.

a) Truss
b) Beam
c) Pillar
d) Support
Answer: a
Explanation: The truss is a structure made of slender members which are joined together at their end points. They ca
n be of wooden or steel. But most probably they are made from stainless steel. As they need to support the loadings i
n various climates.

2. _________ trusses lie on a plane.

a) Planar
b) 2D
c) Linear
d) 3D
Answer: a
Explanation: The planar trusses lie on a plane. Like for e.g. the trusses in the bridges. These trusses are the main sup
ports of the bridge. They are extended straight vertical and are strong enough to resist various changes in the weathe
r.
3. In a roof supporting truss the load is transmitted when ________

a) First to the truss then the joints through purlins

b) First to the purlins then the joints through trusses
c) First to the truss then the purlins through joints
d) First to the joints then the trusses through purlins
Answer: a
Explanation: The roof load is transmitted to the truss first. It is then transmitted to the joints. This transmission of th
e force or the load from trusses to the joints is achieved by the purlins. Thus the distribution of the load.

4. As the loading is acting in the two dimensions, that is in a single plane. Thus the calculations involved in the truss
es are in 2D.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading is acting in a plane. Thus the calculations are done in 2D only. As the equations for 3D are
different. Although the use of vectors can make our task easy but still 2D calculations are done for the trusses, as th
ey are acting in a same plane.

5. In case of bridge the load is transferred when __________

a) Stringers > floor beams > joints

b) Floor beams > stringers > joints
c) Joints > floor beams > stringers
d) Stringers > joints > floor beams
Answer: a
Explanation: The bridge load is transmitted to the stringers first. It is then transmitted to the floor beams. The load fr
om beams is then transmitted to the joints. Thus the transmission of the load of the bridge.

6. As the loading in bridge different from the simple trusses the calculations involved in the bridges are all 2D calcul
ations.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The loading in the bridge is acting in a plane. Thus the calculations are done in 2D only. As the equatio
ns for 3D are different. Although the use of vectors can make our task easy but still 2D calculations are done for the
trusses, as they are acting in the same plane. But the thing is that the loading in bridge and trusses are same.

7. When the bridges are extended over long routes or distance then _________

a) A rocker or a roller is used at the joints

b) They are not extended to such a long distance
c) The bridges are painted
d) The roads are made narrow
Answer: a
Explanation: When the bridges are extended over long routes or distance then a rocker or a roller is used at the joints
. This allows the bridge joints to move around. That is when the temperature is raised. The elongations and the contr
actions of the joints part are not much affected if the rollers and rockers are used.

8. Find the force in the member RP of the frame shown below.

a) 707.1N
b) 500N
c) 505N
d) 784N
Answer: b
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

9. To design the trusses which of the following rules is followed?

a) All the loads are applied by the use of cables

b) The loads are applied at the joints
c) All the loads are not applied at the joints
d) The loads are not applied at all to the joints
Answer: b
Explanation: The set of rules which are used to design the trusses are having various rules. To them, one is that the l
oads are applied at the joints. This is done with the neglecting of the weight of the trusses section.

10. The rules which are used to design the trusses are having various rules. Of them one is that the smooth pins are n
ot used to join the members.

a) Statement is correct
b) Statement is incorrect
c) Statement is incorrect because there are no rules
d) Statement is incorrect as the rolling pins are used
Answer: a
Explanation: The set of rules used to design the trusses are having various rules. Of them one is that the smooth pins
are used to join the members. The joint are generally formed by welding the materials at the ends of the trusses. Wh
ich gives strength to the design.

11. Find the force in the member RQ of the frame shown below.

a) 566N
b) 400N
c) 773N
d) 1090N
Answer: d
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

12. Find the force in the member QS of the frame shown below.

a) 566N
b) 400N
c) 773N
d) 1090N
Answer: a
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

13. A _________ truss is in triangular section.

a) Equilateral
b) Simple
c) Complex
d) Lateral
Answer: b
Explanation: A simple truss in the shape of a triangle. It is the equilateral triangle. That is the angle between the legs
are 60. This means the load is divided according and are equal in all the legs of the truss. Hence the simple truss.

14. Find the force in the member PQ of the frame shown below.

a) 566N
b) 546N
c) 773N
d) 1090N
Answer: b
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

15. Which of the following is correct?

a) To know the direction of the unknown force we take the assumption of it

b) The direction of the unknown force is known to us already
c) The direction of the unknown can’t be determined
d) The direction of the unknown is of no use, it is not founded
Answer: a
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
the assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we d
o the calculations accordingly.

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1. The joint in the trusses are generally formed by welding the materials at the ends of the trusses on a common plate
. Which gives strength to the design. What is that plate called?

a) Gusset Plate
b) Ignified plate
c) Non-metallic plate
d) Gymnite plate
Answer: a
Explanation: The joint in the trusses are generally formed by welding the materials at the ends of the trusses on a co
mmon plate. Which gives strength to the design. This plate is known as Gusset plate. This plate holds up various tru
sses that are being welded to it , to make the structure strong.

2. Find the force in the member RQ of the frame shown below.

a) 707.1N
b) 500N
c) 505N
d) 784N
Answer: a
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

3. Trusses lie in a single plane. And the calculations used to solve the forces are from vector math.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The loading is acting in a plane. Thus the calculations are done in 2D only. As the equations for 3D are
different. Although the use of vectors can make our task easy but still 2D calculations are done for the trusses, as th
ey are acting in a same plane.

4. The transmission of the load on a certain type of a structure follow as from stringers to floor beams and then joint
s. Determine the structure.

a) Truss
b) Beam
c) Pillar
d) Bridge
Answer: d
Explanation: The transmission of the load on the bridges follow as from stringers to floor beams and then joints. Thi
s is because of the first the stringers come in contact with the force. Which gets distributed to them. Then comes the
floor beams, which takes that distributed loadings.

5. When the bridges are extended over long routes or distance then a rocker or a roller is used at the joints. As when
the temperature is raised the elongations and the contractions of the joints part are not much affected if the rollers an
d rockers are used.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The roller and the rockers take over the elongations and the contractions of the joints part. And thus hel
p in stabilising the structure. Thus when the bridges are extended over long routes a rocker or a roller is used at the j
oints.

6. Find the force in the member RS of the frame shown below.

a) 566N
b) 400N
c) 773N
d) 1090N
Answer: b
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

7. There are no rules for the designing of the truss. But there are rules designing the bridges.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: b
Explanation: There are various rules used to design the truss. Like the loads must be at the joints only. The use of pi
n must be there in the joining of the trusses etc. Also the joints must be welded with a gusset plate. And the bridges a
re also having various rules for their design too.

8. A truss is facing a two force member and both of them are in the opposite directions. And the truss is in equilibriu
m. And both of them are getting away from each other.The forces are called?

a) Compressive forces
b) Tensile Forces
c) Parallel and collinear forces with same direction of heading
d) The rotational forces
Answer: b
Explanation: If two forces are in the opposite directions. And are collinear too. Then the truss is getting a tensile stre
ss. As the forces are trying to increase the length of the truss. Hence if the two force members are in such conditions
the forces are tensile forces.

9. A truss is facing a two force member and both of them are in the opposite directions. And the truss is in equilibriu
m. And both of them are coming towards each other. The forces are called __________

a) Compressive forces
b) Tensile Forces
c) Parallel and collinear forces with same direction of heading
d) The rotational forces
Answer: a
Explanation: If two forces are in the opposite directions. And both of them are coming towards each other. And are c
ollinear too. Then the truss is getting a compressive stress. As the forces are trying to decrease the length of the truss
. Hence if the two force members are in such conditions the forces are compressive forces.

10. Find the force in the member PR of the frame shown below.

a) 566N
b) 400N
c) 773N
d) 1090N
Answer: c
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

11. Truss cannot be acted upon three force members. Because the truss in a single plane.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: a
Explanation: The singular plane of the truss doesn’t mean that the trusses cannot be acted upon the three force syste
m. They can be acted upon the three force system, possibility is that the forces might not be collinear or might be par
allel to each other. But point is the trusses can be acted on the three force members too, still conditions need to speci
fic.

12. Find the force in the member QP of the frame shown below.

a) 707.1N
b) 500N
c) 505N
d) 784N
Answer: b
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

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1. If the whole truss is in equilibrium then all the joints which are connected to that truss is in equilibrium. This is kn
own as:

a) Method of joints
b) Section method
c) Scalar field method
d) Vector equilibrium method
Answer: a
Explanation: If the whole truss is in equilibrium then all the joints which are connected to that truss is in equilibrium
. This is known as method of joints. This is one of the methods to solve for the forces which are acting along the trus
ses.

2. Find the force in the member vertical at the right, joined by the hinge.

a) 750N
b) 450N
c) 250N
d) 200N
Answer: d
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

3. The free body diagram of which part of the section of the truss is made to make use of method of joints?

a) Joints
b) Truss
c) The whole structure
d) The combination of joint and the whole structure
Answer: a
Explanation: The free body diagram of joints part of the section of the truss is made to make use of method of joints.
Various equations of equilibrium are made to do the calculations. The net force acting on the vertical direction is m
ade zero. Also horizontal direction forces are made to be zero.

4. For applying the method of joint at joints the forces need to coplanar.

a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Explanation: The forces are coplanar that’s why they are there in the calculations in the method of joints. The forces
are resolved in 2D. This makes the condition of the equilibrium fulfilled and hence the method of joints uses the forc
es in the same plane for its calculation.
5. For applying the method of joint at joints the forces need to be concurrent.

a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Explanation: The forces are concurrent that’s why they are there in the calculations in the method of joints. The forc
es are resolved in 2D. This makes the condition of the equilibrium fulfilled by cancelling of various force members a
nd hence the method of joints uses the concurrent forces for its calculation.

6. Find the force in the member RQ.

a) 750N
b) 450N
c) 250N
d) 200N
Answer: b
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

7. Which of the following conditions are true to make the calculations easy?

a) We only see the first condition and neglect the second condition
b) We neglect the first condition and only see the second condition
c) We neglect both the conditions because calculations are possible without following the first and second condition
s
d) First and second conditions are compulsory and can’t be neglected
Answer: d
Explanation: This makes the calculations easy. Also for the solving of any equation one requires equal number of va
riables as that of equal number of an equation. These are the conditions of selecting the joint point involved in the ca
lculations. If still these conditions are not met, calculations can more hectic or impossible.

8. We use the method of joint to find the net force acting over the entire structure.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: We use this method for the simplification of the forces in the sections of the structure. Not the entire str
ucture. This means that the statement given is wrong. It should be the joints not the whole structure.

9. The magnitude of the unknown force can’t be known. But the direction can be founded out.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: a
Explanation: The first part is wrong. We can determine the magnitude of the unknown force. It can be done by using
the equilibrium equations. That equating the forces zero, of the three different axis. Thus making the components of
the unknown founded out.

10. What is after taking the assumption of the direction of the force, the direction comes opposite?

a) The assumption made was wrong and the question can’t be solved further
b) The assumptions are not to be taken
c) The direction is in the opposite sense, and hence the direction is known to us
d) The direction will be already given to us, no need of assuming
Answer: c
Explanation: The direction is comes opposite, means that the assumption was wrong. But that doesn’t means that the
question can’t be solved further. One needs to change the sign of the direction and the question is solved. Thus the c
alculations of the force direction.

11. Find the force in the member PQ.

a) 750N
b) 450N
c) 250N
d) 200N
Answer: c
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

12. The magnitude of the resultant of the two vectors is always:

a) Greater than one of the vector’s magnitude

b) Smaller than one of the vector’s magnitude
c) Depends on the angle between them
d) Axis we choose to calculate the magnitude
Answer: c
Explanation: Yes, the magnitude of the resultant of the two vectors always depends on the angle between them. It mi
ght be greater or smaller than one of the vector’s length. For perfectly saying, it does depends upon the angle betwee
n them.

13. Find the force in the member PR.

a) 750N
b) 450N
c) 250N
d) 200N
Answer: a
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
the assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we d
o the calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

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1. Zero force members has _______ loadings.

a) Infinite
b) No
c) Minimum
d) Maximum
Answer: b
Explanation: The zero member force are having no loadings. They doesn’t involve in the loading part of the story in
the trusses. They doesn’t provide the stress nor the strain to the body of the structure. Hence they have no load assoc
iated with them.
2. The zero forces are used to improve__________ of the structure.

a) Stability
b) Ductility
c) Malleability
d) Toughness
Answer: a
Explanation: The zero forces increase the stability of the structures. That the frames of the structures, which are ther
e present in the structure. The stability of the joints, making them be in rotational as well as translational equilibrium
.

3. Find the force in the member UR.

a) 300N
b) 800N
c) 500N
d) 400N
Answer: c
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
the assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we d
o the calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

4. We find the zero force members by inspections.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The answer is yes. We find the zero force members by inspection. We do not have a special function or
any special method for finding the zero force members of the structure. But yes the zero force members are founded
by inspections only.

5. If two members of the structure (trusses) form a truss joint and there is no external force acting on that joint then t
he two members are called___________

a) Scalar form of the force vector

b) The equivalent vector of truss
c) Zero moment member
d) Zero force member
Answer: d
Explanation: If two members of the structure (trusses) forms a truss joint and there is no external force acting on that
joint then the two members are called as zero force members. This is again came from inspection. If we imagine the
same, we see that there are no movements, thus they are zero force members.

6. Find the horizontal support reactions at A.

a) 300N
b) 0N
c) 500N
d) 400N
Answer: d
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
the assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we d
o the calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.
7. If two members of the structure (trusses) forms a truss joint and there is an external force acting on that joint then
the two members are called as zero force members.

a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Explanation: If two members of the structure (trusses) forms a truss joint and there is no external force acting on that
joint then the two members are called as zero force members. This is again came from inspection. If we imagine the
same, we see that there are no movements, thus they are zero force members.

8. Which of following is not considered as the true condition for the three members to be zero force members?

a) Any two of the three members must be collinear

b) There must be no external forces acting
c) They should be joined by a joint
d) Any two of the three members must be perpendicular
Answer: d
Explanation: The three members to be having a zero member must have any two of the three members collinear. The
re must be no external forces acting on the section or the joint which is being selected. And obviously all the membe
rs must be attached.

9. In three members having one as zero force member in truss, what if there is an external force applied?

a) The zero force member will be unaltered

b) The zero member needs to be changed or rotated
c) There will be no zero member
d) There will be two zero members formed
Answer: c
Explanation: For making any one of the member of the truss to be as a zero member all the conditions are to be follo
wed. Like any two of the three members collinear. There must be no external forces acting on the section or the joint
which is being selected.

10. What will happen if the collinearity of the two members is affected?

a) The zero force member will be unaltered

b) The zero member needs to be changed or rotated
c) There will be no zero member
d) There will be two zero members formed
Answer: c
Explanation: For making any one of the member of the truss to be as a zero member all the conditions are to be follo
wed. Like any two of the three members collinear. There must be no external forces acting on the section or the joint
which is being selected.

11. Find the force in the member QR.

a) 300N
b) 800N
c) 500N
d) 400N
Answer: b
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
the assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we d
o the calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.
12. What will happen if the three members are all perpendicular to each other? No external force is applied to them.

a) There will be a formation of one zero force member

b) There will be a formation of two zero force member
c) There will be a formation of three zero force member
d) There will be no formation of zero force member
Answer: a
Explanation: As far as the conditions are required for the equilibrium and for the zero force members, this joint expl
ained will be having a zero force member. Which will be unaffected to shear stress and shear strain. Thus the zero m
ember formation.

13. Find the force in the member UT.

a) 300N
b) 800N
c) 500N
d) 400N
Answer: b
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
the assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we d
o the calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

14. Find the vertical support reactions at A.

a) 300N
b) 800N
c) 500N
d) 400N
Answer: a
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
the assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we d
o the calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

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1. We use the method of joints when the members on which the force to be found are few in number.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: For few members we use method of joints to find the unknown force. It defines as if the whole truss is
in equilibrium then all the joints which are connected to that truss is in equilibrium. This is known as method of joint
s. But when the system becomes complex, method of section comes into the picture.

2. The method of section cuts the whole structure of trusses into section and then uses the cut out portion for the calc
ulations.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The method of section cuts the whole structure of trusses into section and then uses the cut out portion
for the calculations. In which the net force equals zero equation is used. The net moment is made to be zero, etc. All
these conditions of equilibrium is applied.

3. The method of joints helps us to find out the unknown force in the trusses joint. And the method of section helps
us to make the calculation of the direction of the zero members.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: Method of joints defines as if the whole truss is in equilibrium then all the joints which are connected t
o that truss is in equilibrium. While the method of section cuts the whole structure of trusses into section and then us
es the cut out portion for the calculations of the unknown forces. Thus both the methods are used for the same purpo
se.

4. Method of section cuts the whole structure of trusses into a section and then uses the cut out portion for the calcul
ations of the unknown forces. For this method, at most two forces must be collinear.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: Method of section cuts the whole structure of trusses into a section and then uses the cut out portion for
the calculations of the unknown forces. For this method, we don’t require two forces to be collinear. But if the force
s are collinear than the task of determining the unknown forces is very easy.

5. The determination of the truss’s support reaction is done first and then the section is isolated for the method of the
section.

a) The first step is right but the second one is wrong

b) The first step is wrong and the second one is wrong too
c) The first step is right and the second one is right too
d) The first step is wrong but the second one is right
Answer: c
Explanation: The determination of the force of the unknown element is done by the method of the section. For this t
he section is isolated from the main structure and then the calculation is done after. But before that the determination
of the support reaction needs to be done.

6. Why the determination of the support reaction needs to be done before isolating the section?

a) This reduces the calculation and also the labour

b) This makes the isolated section more complicated
c) This results in reduction on the formulas used
d) This procedure is not done at all, it of no need
Answer: a
Explanation: The determination of the force of the unknown element is done by the method of section. For this the s
ection is isolated from the main structure and then calculation is done after. But before that the determination of the
support reaction needs to be done.

7. The free diagram of the section of the truss is made for the section having the least number of the forces. This is d
one as to make the calculations easy.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: The part of the calculation is made easier if the flow diagram of that section is made which is having th
e least number of forces. Thus for the sake of the calculation this is done. Or one can say that for getting the unknow
n force we use this method.

8. We have three method to solve for the unknown force in the trusses. They are method of section, method of joints
and rotational vector method.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: b
Explanation: The main methods for the solving for the unknown force on the truss are method of section and the met
hod of joints. The other method is just given for the sake of confusion. This means that only two main methods are t
o applied for solving the unknown force on a truss.

9. The free body diagram of which part of the section of the truss is made to make use of the method of sections?

a) Joints
b) Truss
c) The whole structure
d) Any section can be used
Answer: d
Explanation: The free body diagram of any part of the section of the truss is made to make use of the method of secti
ons. Various equations of equilibrium are made to do the calculations. The net force acting on the vertical direction i
s made zero. Also, horizontal direction forces are made to be zero.

10. Determine the force in members UT.

a) 1980N
b) 800N
c) 2200N
d) 1100N
Answer: b
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

11. Determine the force in members UR.

a) 1980N
b) 800N
c) 2200N
d) 1100N
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

12. Determine the force in members QR.

a) 1980N
b) 800N
c) 2200N
d) 1100N
Answer: c
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

13. The system of the collinear and the parallel force are simplified as:

a) The simplified collinear force system gives us a net force and the parallel force system gives us a simplified force,
and then we add it vectorially
b) Such simplification is not possible
c) The simplification is usually done by not considering the directions of the both
d) The simplification is done by considering the rotations only
Answer: a
Explanation: The simplification is easy. The simplified force system gives us a net force and the parallel force syste
m gives us a simplified force, and then we add it vectorially. Thus the vector addition at the last can be easily done a
nd thus both can be simplified.

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1. Frames and machines are two types of structural figures which are often composed of pin connected __________
_ member.

a) Multi-force
b) Multi-couple
c) Multi-moment
d) Multi-valued
Answer: a
Explanation: Frames and machines are two types of structural figures which are often made of pin connected multi-f
orce members. That is more than two forces are subjected over the machines. Thus the term multi-force is used for t
he frames and the machines.

2. ___________ are used as support loads.

a) Frames
b) Machines
c) Truss
d) Beam
Answer: a
Explanation: The frames are used as support for the structures. They hold up the structure into the right place. They
are made for holding up the structures in the place. They also provide the stability to the structure.

3. Find the horizontal reaction at Q.

a) 6KN
b) 0KN
c) 4KN
d) 12KN
Answer: b
Explanation: The machines are designed such that they can transmit the effects of forces. Thus making the free body
diagrams of the various joints and doing the calculations makes us determine the various reaction values. And for th
e asked reaction equating the forces acting equal to zero, we get the answer.

4. ________ contains moving parts.

a) Frames
b) Machines
c) Truss
d) Beam
Answer: b
Explanation: The machines are designed such that they contain the moving parts. As the machines are made for wor
king in various fields, they are designed as to contain the moving parts. They are also such designed such that the m
oving parts in are not damaged.

5. Machines are so designed to ___________ and alter the effects of the forces.

a) Transmit
b) Make-out
c) Turn over
d) Catch-up
Answer: a
Explanation: The machines are designed such that they can transmit the effects of forces. As the machines are made
for working in various fields, they are also such designed so as to alter the effects of the forces. They are also such d
esigned such that the moving parts in are not damaged.

6. Find the horizontal reaction at R.

a) 6KN
b) 0KN
c) 4KN
d) 12KN
Answer: a
Explanation: The machines are designed such that they can transmit the effects of forces. Thus making the free body
diagrams of the various joints and doing the calculations makes us determine the various reaction values. And for th
e asked reaction equating the forces acting equal to zero, we get the answer.

7. The forces acting on the joints and on the members are determined by the simple equilibrium equations, which are
used in the usual beams and trusses.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The forces acting on the joints and on the members are determined by the simple equilibrium equations
, which are used in the usual beams and trusses. The forces which are acting over the joint of the frames and machin
es are no more different from the forces acting on the beams and trusses.

8. Forces acting on the supports and the joints are not important to determine, in the frames and machines.

a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Explanation: The forces are determined because the designing of the frames and machines. This is done so as if the f
orces are applied to frames and the machines, they don’t collapse. Thus the forces acting on the joints and the memb
ers are important to be determined.

9. The forces obtained at the joints and the members of the machines are very important. They are used for:

a) The designing the size of the members, connections done in the frames and machines
b) To determine the stress bearing capacity
c) To know the strain bearing capacity
d) They are not important
Answer: a
Explanation: The forces obtained at the joints and the members of the machines are very important. They are used fo
r the designing the size of the members, connections done in the frames and machines. They are obtained by applyin
g the simple equilibrium force equations on the system. Net forces are made to be zero, and the unknowns are deter
mined.

10. There are no free body diagram used in the calculations of the forces at the supports and at the joints. Because th
e free body diagrams of a machines are so hard to be made.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: b
Explanation: There is a great need of the making of the free body diagrams in the calculations of the forces that are b
eing acted upon the joints. This helps in making of the design of the machines and the frames. These are very import
ant quantities that are being determined.

11. Which of the following is correct for the frames in 2D and machines in 3D?

a) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only in the 2D
b) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only in the 3D
c) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only in the 1D
d) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid throughout
Answer: d
Explanation: The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid throughout. This means that th
e conditions are irrespective of the dimensions. The conditions are the basic rules that defines the equilibrium of the
body and thus are applicable in any dimension of the real axis.

12. Find the vertical reaction at R.

a) 6KN
b) 0KN
c) 4KN
d) 12KN
Answer: d
Explanation: The machines are designed such that they can transmit the effects of forces. Thus making the free body
diagrams of the various joints and doing the calculations makes us determine the various reaction values. And for th
e asked reaction equating the forces acting equal to zero, we get the answer.

13. If a force applied at any point in its line of action and is still creating the same moment about any fixed point say
P, then the force is said to be a sliding vector. What is the name of this property?

a) Associative property
b) Distributive property
c) Negative associative property
d) Principle transmissibility of the force
Answer: d
Explanation: If a force applied at any point in its line of action and is still creating the same moment about any fixed
point say P, then the force is said to be a sliding vector. This is because the moment of the force which is acting on it
s line of the axis at the point P is the same throughout. This is known as the principle transmissibility of the force.

14. Find the vertical reaction at Q.

a) 6KN
b) 0KN
c) 4KN
d) 12KN
Answer: c
Explanation: The machines are designed such that they can transmit the effects of forces. Thus making the free body
diagrams of the various joints and doing the calculations makes us determine the various reaction values. And for th
e asked reaction equating the forces acting equal to zero, we get the answer.

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1. __________ is a structure made of slender members which are joined together at their end points.

a) Space Truss
b) Pillar
c) Beam
d) Support
Answer: a
Explanation: The space truss is a structure made of slender members which are joined together at their end points. T
hey can be of wooden or steel. But most probably they are made from stainless steel. As they need to support the loa
dings in various climates.

2. As the loading is acting in the three dimensions, that is in multi planes. Thus the calculations involved in the truss
es are in 3D.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading is acting in a 3D plane. Thus the calculations are done in 3D only. As the equations for 3D
are different. The use of vectors can make our task easy. Using 2D can make the calculations but it’s a hectic job. T
hus a 3D problem requires using the 3D equations to find the necessary data.

3. Which of the following is correct for space trusses?

a) To know the direction of the unknown force we take assumption of it

b) The direction of the unknown force is known to us already
c) The direction of the unknown can’t be determined
d) The direction of the unknown is of no use, it is not founded
Answer: a
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly.

4. Find the force in the member RQ.

a) 750N
b) 450N
c) 250N
d) 200N
Answer: b
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we do th
e calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

5. _________ trusses lie on a 3D volume.

a) Planar
b) 2D
c) Linear
d) 3D
Answer: d
Explanation: The planar trusses lie on a plane while the space truss in 3D volume. Like for e.g. the trusses in the brid
ges. These trusses are the main supports of the bridge. They are extended straight vertical and are strong enough to r
esist various changes in the weather.

6. In case of bridge the load is transferred as:

a) Stringers > floor beams > joints

b) Floor beams > stringers > joints
c) Joints > floor beams > stringers
d) Stringers > joints > floor beams
Answer: a
Explanation: The bridge load is transmitted to the stringers first. It is then transmitted to the floor beams. The load fr
om beams is then transmitted to the joints. Thus the transmission of the load of the bridge.

7. To design the space trusses which of the following rules is followed?

a) All the loads are applied by the use of cables

b) The loads are applied at the joints
c) All the loads are not applied at the joints
d) The loads are not applied at all to the joints
Answer: b
Explanation: The set of rules which are used to design the trusses are having various rules. To them, one is that the l
oads are applied at the joints. This is done with the neglecting of the weight of the trusses section.

8. The rules which are used to design the space trusses are having various rules. Of them, one is that the smooth pins
are not used to join the members.

a) Statement is correct
b) Statement is incorrect
c) Statement is incorrect because there are no rules
d) Statement is incorrect as the rolling pins are used
Answer: a
Explanation: The set of rules used to design the trusses are having various rules. Of them one is that the smooth pins
are used to join the members. The joint is generally formed by welding the materials at the ends of the trusses. Whic
h gives strength to the design.

9. In a roof supporting space truss, the load is transmitted as:

a) First to the truss then the joints through purlins
b) First to the purlins then the joints through trusses
c) First to the truss then the purlins through joints
d) First to the joints then the trusses through purlins
Answer: a
Explanation: The roof load is transmitted to the truss first. It is then transmitted to the joints. This transmission of th
e force or the load from trusses to the joints is achieved by the purlins. Thus the distribution of the load.

10. The free body diagram of which part of the section of the space truss is made to make use of the method of joints
?

a) Joints
b) Truss
c) The whole structure
d) The combination of joint and the whole structure
Answer: a
Explanation: The free body diagram of joints part of the section of the truss is made to make use of method of joints.
Various equations of equilibrium are made to do the calculations. The net force acting on the vertical direction is m
ade zero. Also horizontal direction forces are made to be zero.

11. Find the force in the member RQ of the frame shown below.

a) 566N
b) 400N
c) 773N
d) 1090N
Answer: d
Explanation: The direction of the unknown is not known to us. To know the direction of the unknown force we take
the assumption of it. That is we assume that the particular direction might be the direction of the force and then we d
o the calculations accordingly. And then we apply the equilibrium equations to the joints.

12. We use the method of a joint to find the forces acting over the joints in the space trusses. In this we start from the
joint having at least one known force and at the most two unknown forces.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: This makes the calculations easy. Also for the solving of any equation one requires equal number of va
riables as that of equal number of an equation. So to do the calculations easily the above mentioned conditions are fo
llowed.

13. As space trusses are used in bridges. When the bridges are extended over long routes or distance then:

a) A rocker or a roller is used at the joints

b) They are not extended to such a long distance
c) The bridges are painted
d) The roads are made narrow
Answer: a
Explanation: When the bridges are extended over long routes or distance then a rocker or a roller is used at the joints
. This allows the bridge joints to move around. That is when the temperature is raised. The elongations and the contr
actions of the joints part are not much affected if the rollers and rockers are used.
14. What is after taking the assumption of the direction of the force in space trusses, the direction comes opposite?

a) The assumption made was wrong and the question can’t be solved further
b) The assumptions are not to be taken
c) The direction is in the opposite sense, and hence the direction is known to us
d) The direction will be already given to us, no need of assuming
Answer: c
Explanation: The direction is comes opposite, means that the assumption was wrong. But that doesn’t means that the
question can’t be solved further. One needs to change the sign of the direction and the question is solved. Thus the c
alculations of the force direction.

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1. The determination of the internal loading is usually done so as to _________________

a) Break the beam

b) Know the length
c) Know the diameter
d) Design the beam
Answer: d
Explanation: The determination of the internal forces in the beam is done so as to design the beams as in the applicat
ion purpose the beams will be subjected to many loads. This will help us to make the beam properly. And also this w
ill ensure that the beams will not break after the loading is done on them.

2. The internal loading can be found by _________________

a) Method of sections
b) Method of area
c) Method of line
d) Method of volume
Answer: a
Explanation: The determination of the internal forces is done by various methods among which the method of sectio
n is the one. Also, we have method of joints, which is done so as to determine the internal forces which are being de
veloped in the trusses or the frames. This is done as to design them.

3. In the method of sections we probably use the joints and take out the forces in the beams.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: In method of sections the determination of the forces is done over the trusses or the beams. It is not don
e on the joints. But yes the joints are used as the forces acting on the joints are used in the calculations. This is again
used for the designing of the beams.

4. The ____________ forces are used for the making of the free body diagram of the beams so as to apply the metho
d of sections.

a) Internal rotational
b) Couple rotational
c) Translational
d) External
Answer: d
Explanation: The free body diagram is using the external forces which are acting on the beam as the main purpose is
 to design the beam. Design so as to withstand the loads which are going to be added to the beams. Thus the loads w
hich are being added externally are being used in the free body diagrams.

5. Rotational moments are not counted in the free body diagrams and the evaluation of the internal forces by the met
hod of sections.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: In the method of sections the determination of the forces is done over the trusses or the beams. It is not
done on the joints. But yes the joints are used as the forces acting on the joints are used in the calculations. This is ag
ain used for the designing of the beams.

6. The force acting perpendicular to the beam is called _______________ force.

a) Perpendicular
b) Orthogonal
c) Normal
d) Distortion
Answer: c
Explanation: The forces which are acting perpendicular to the body of the beams are called as the normal forces. Th
ese are the forces which are supporting the beam. These forces are being calculated by the help of equilibrium equati
ons. Thus the forces which are perpendicular to the surface are the normal forces.

7. The force acting parallel/tangential to the beam is called _______________ force.

a) Perpendicular
b) Orthogonal
c) Shear
d) Distortion
Answer: c
Explanation: The forces which are acting tangentially to the body of the beams are called as the shear forces. These
are the forces which are giving moment to the beams. These forces are being calculated by the help of equilibrium e
quations. Thus the forces which are parallel to the surface are the shear forces.

8. The couple moment produced in the beams are called as ____________________

a) Moment of distance
b) Moment of line
c) Moment of bending
d) Bending moment
Answer: d
Explanation: The forces are making the body tend to rotate. This is in general making the body rotate or make gener
ate the moment in the beams. This moment is the same thing as the couple moment. But in beams it is referred as be
nding moment. And is again used for the designing of beams.

9. The force components prevent the beam from which of the following process?

a) Relative translation
b) Relative rotation
c) Relative transformation
d) Relative collapse
Answer: a
Explanation: The force components are the forces which are the ones which prevent the beam from relative translati
on. This means that the shearing generated will be held strongly by the help of the forces generated. The main motto
is to make the beam stable and don’t allow the relative translation occur.

10. The couple moment prevents the beam from which of the following process?

a) Relative translation
b) Relative rotation
c) Relative transformation
d) Relative collapse
Answer: b
Explanation: The couple moments are the moments which are the ones which prevent the beam from relative rotatio
n. This means that the rotation generated will be held strongly by the help of the opposite moments generated. The
main motto is to make the beam stable and don’t allow the relative rotation to occur.

11. According to the _________ law of Newton the loadings at the sections must act opposite to the forces applied.

a) First
b) Second
c) Third
d) Fourth
Answer: c
Explanation: As the law state that there is always a reaction to every action applied. Thus if the forces are applied at
the section of the beams, i.e. the external forces than there must be reactive forces. And these reactive forces act in o
pposite directions of the forces which are being applied externally.

12. For the determination of the forces at the supports which part is to be considered in the calculations?

a) The one having one unknown and two known forces

b) The one having two unknown and two known forces
c) The one having three unknown and two known forces
d) The one having two unknown and one known forces
Answer: a
Explanation: The determination is usually done in this manner only. The selection is done as by selecting the one ha
ving one unknown and two known forces. This will ensure that the unknown value will be found. And also we have
less number of unknowns which are needed to be found.

13. What is not the condition for the equilibrium in the beams if considered a section on which the method of section
s is applied?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in beams by considering any of the axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value. Thus th
e conditions for the equilibrium of the beams.

14. Determine the moment at the point R of the beam shown.

a) 225Nm
b) 25Nm
c) 22Nm
d) 23Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading acting upward is considered to be positive. This is done as to decrease the time used for th
e calculations. If the method of sections is being applied at the complex sections for the determination of the unkno
wn forces, much time is required for it. Thus the main motto is to make the calculations easy and make the less use o
f time.

15. Determine the normal force generated.

a) 0N
b) 25N
c) 22N
d) 23N
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading acting upward is considered to be positive. This is done as to decrease the time used for th
e calculations. If the method of sections is being applied at the complex sections for the determination of the unkno
wn forces, much time is required for it. Thus the main motto is to make the calculations easy and make the less use o
f time.

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1. The ____________ forces are used are used in the method of sections for the calculation of the internal forces.

a) Internal rotational
b) Couple rotational
c) Translational
d) External
Answer: d
Explanation: The calculations of the method of sections involve the making of the free diagrams and then use extern
al forces to determine the internal forces. Design so as to withstand the loads which are going to be added to the bea
ms. Thus the loads which are being added externally are being used in the free body diagrams.

2. Every point on the force vector which is the internal force is having the same magnitude and the same direction as
the whole force vector have.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The vector is made by joining the final and the starting point of the internal force. If we consider any ar
bitrary point then the length would be calculated w.r.t the starting point, which might give different magnitude but sa
me direction. Thus the answer is false.

3. For getting the normal force on the supports, we do what?

a) Make the vertical sum of the forces equal to zero

b) Make the horizontal sum of the forces equal to zero
c) Make the moment sum of the forces equal to zero
d) Make the rotational sum of the forces equal to zero
Answer: a
Explanation: The making of the vertical force sum zero makes the normal force to be determined. This means that th
e equilibrium equations when applied at the support give us the answer. Hence the determination of the normal force
is done easily by equating the vertical force sum equal to zero.

4. For getting the horizontal component of the support reactions what do we do?
a) Make the vertical sum of the forces equal to zero
b) Make the horizontal sum of the forces equal to zero
c) Make the moment sum of the forces equal to zero
d) Make the rotational sum of the forces equal to zero
Answer: b
Explanation: The making of the horizontal force sum zero makes the horizontal force to be determined. This means t
hat the equilibrium equations when applied at the support give us the answer. Hence the determination of the horizo
ntal force is done easily by equating the horizontal force sum equal to zero.

5. Twisting moment is also called as __________

a) Moment of line
b) Moment of section
c) Moment of plane
d) Torsional moment
Answer: d
Explanation: The twisting moment is applied at the point where the couple moment is being applied or is made by th
e external forces. This makes the formation of the twisting moment along the beam or the torsional moment. Thus th
e name twisting or the torsional moment.

6. The loading generally act upon the ___________ of the body.

a) Centroid
b) Symmetrical centre
c) Rotational centre
d) Chiral centre
Answer: a
Explanation: The loads generally are applied on the centroid of the body. The moment of the body is also calculated
along the centroid axis, thus the forces which are acting externally are always acting upon the centroid of the body.
Gravity too is acted upon the centroid of the body.

7. The area of does make the difference in the internal forces, that is if the area is large the internal force acting is als
o large and vice versa.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: This is because the internal forces are independent of the area. They are applied irrespective of the area
given to the beams. They are dependent on the external forces. The more the external forces, the more are the intern
al force. That is the more is the amount of the internal forces.

8. The magnitude of each loading will be ___________ at various points along the axis of the member of the beam.

a) Same
b) Different
c) Slightly different
d) Slightly same
Answer: b
Explanation: The magnitude of each loading will be different on the different points of the beams. The method of se
ction is used to determine these forces. These forces are used so as to make the beams. That is the designing of the b
eams, the more are the forces than the stronger material is used for the making of the beams.

9. Torsional moment is applied at the ___________ part of the beam.

a) The centroid
b) The left end
c) The right end
d) The axis beyond the body of the beam
Answer: a
Explanation: The torsional moment as said is made to be drawn at the centre of the beam. As it is generated by the v
arious external forces, thus the centroid is the main point of the action of the various forces. Thus the forces which ar
e made to be fallen on the body is having its effect over the centroid of the beam.

10. Normal force is equal to _______________

a) The net horizontal force

b) The net vertical force with a negative sign
c) The net horizontal force with a negative sign
d) The net vertical force
Answer: b
Explanation: The normal force is determined by equating the vertical forces equal to zero. This makes the vertical fo
rces to go on the other side of the equation. Suppose the L.H.S. is having the sum of the vertical forces then the R.H.
S. is having the term normal force. That is the normal force is being equated to the negative of the sum of vertical fo
rces.

11. If the normal force creates a tension then the force is said to be ____________

a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Rotational
d) Collinear
Answer: a
Explanation: If the normal forces are giving tension to the body of the beam then the forces are said to be positive. T
hat is if the normal force is making the tension to develop in the beam then it is considered to be positive. This is the
basic sign convection that is being used to make the calculations easy.

12. If the shear force creates a clockwise rotation then the force is said to be ____________

a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Rotational
d) Collinear
Answer: a
Explanation: If the shear forces are giving clockwise rotation to the body of the beam then the forces are said to be p
ositive. That is if the shear force is making the beam to develop in the forces that tend to rotate it clockwise then it is
considered to be positive. This is the basic sign convection that is being used to make the calculations easy.

13. If the bending of the beam is concave upwards then the bending moment developed is called __________ mome
nt.

a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Rotational
d) Collinear
Answer: a
Explanation: If the bending moment is giving concave bending upward to the body of the beam then the moment are
said to be positive. That is if the bending moment is making the beam to develop in the forces that tend to bend the
beam concave upward then it is considered to be positive. This is the basic sign convection that is being used to mak
e the calculations easy.

14. In the diagram given below, coordinates of D is (1, -2, 2), C (-2, 0, 0) and B are as shown. The dark region is the
cables holding the weight of 600N at origin. Find the tension in the AD section.

a) 900N
b) 693N
c) 646N
d) 0N
Answer: a
Explanation: As the system is in equilibrium so we need to balance the forces. So when apply the condition of net fo
rce to be zero in the z direction, we get (2/3)FAD = 600N. This gives us force along AD be 900N.

15. Find the tension in the cable AC.

a) 23.6N
b) 55N
c) 89N
d) -29N
Answer: a
Explanation: First represent the forces in their vector form. Then equate the net sum of the forces in the x, y and z di
rections to be zero. You will get FB = FC and 2(.848) = 40N. This gives the answer as 23.6N.

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1. ___________ are the structures that are being made to support the loadings applied perpendicular to the axis of th
at structures.

a) Pillar
b) Box
c) Beam
d) Statues
Answer: c
Explanation: The beams are the structures which are being made so as to support the loadings which are perpendicul
ar to the axis of that structure. This means that the beams can support that weight or that types of weight which are a
pplying the load perpendicular to the axis of the beam.

2. Beams are long and ________ structures that are being made to support the loadings.

a) Straight
b) Vertical
c) Rounded
d) Curled
Answer: a
Explanation: Beams are long and straight structures that are being made to support the loadings. They are being mad
e so as to support the loadings which are perpendicular to the axis of that structure. This means that the beams can su
pport that weight or that types of weight which are applying the load perpendicular to the axis of the beam.

3. Beams have a _________ cross sectional area.

a) Non-uniform
b) Rounded
c) Helical
d) Uniform
Answer: d
Explanation: Beams have a uniform cross sectional area. This is because beams are the structures which are being m
ade so as to support the loadings which are perpendicular to the axis of that structure. And to support properly the ar
ea must be uniform.

4. Simply supported beams are pinned at both the ends.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The simply supported beams are supported only at one side by the pin. This means the other side is hav
ing the roller. The beams are such designed because they are the structures which are being made so as to support th
e loadings which are perpendicular to the axis of that structure. Thus not pinned both sides.

5. The other side of the simply supported beam is having pin support, what is the support this side?

a) Roller
b) Pin
c) Hinge
d) Rolling hinge
Answer: a
Explanation: The simply supported beams are supported only at one side the pin. This means the other side is having
the roller. The beams are such designed because they are the structures which are being made so as to support the lo
adings which are perpendicular to the axis of that structure. Thus not pinned both sides.

6. The cantilever beam is having pin supports both sides of it.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The one end of the cantilever beam is fixed and the other one is having its end as free. This is the other
type of the beam which is being designed to support the loadings which are perpendicular to the support. Thus the ca
ntilever is free from one end and fixed at another.

7. The cantilever is having one side of it as fixed while the other one is _________

a) Hinged
b) Roller supported
c) Pinned
d) Free
Answer: d
Explanation: The one end of the cantilever beam is fixed and the other one is having its end as free. This is the other
type of the beam which is being designed to support the loadings which are perpendicular to the support. Thus the ca
ntilever is free from one end and fixed at another.

8. The design of the beam requires the knowledge of the variation of the ____________

a) Internal shear force

b) Rolling forces
c) Rotational forces
d) External forces
Answer: a
Explanation: The design of the beam requires the knowledge of the variation of the internal shear force. Because bea
ms are the structures which are being made so as to support the loadings which are perpendicular to the axis of that s
tructure. And to support properly the area must be uniform.

9. The design of the beam requires the knowledge of the variation of the ____________

a) Bending moment
b) Rolling forces
c) Rotational forces
d) External forces
Answer: a
Explanation: The design of the beam requires the knowledge of the variation of the bending moment. Because beam
s are the structures which are being made so as to support the loadings which are perpendicular to the axis of that str
ucture. And to support properly the variation of the bending moments must be known for each of the section.

10. The bending moment and the shearing stress can be obtained by which method?

a) Bending moment
b) Rolling method
c) Section method
d) Method of section
Answer: d
Explanation: The design of the beam requires the knowledge of the variation of the bending moment. Because beam
s are the structures which are being made so as to support the loadings which are perpendicular to the axis of that str
ucture. Thus to know these quantities we apply the method of sections so as to determine these values easily.

11. We can make the graph of shear force acting on the beam. But not for the bending moment.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: a
Explanation: Both of them can be plotted on the graph as the main things are the distance variation of the force, whi
ch can be made by simple calculation. The main motto of the calculations are to design the graph and know where th
e maximum force and the moment are. Thus the graph of both the quantities are possible.

12. We apply the equations of ________ to determine various forces acting on the beams.

a) Equilibrium
b) Rotation moment
c) Linear moment
d) Translation
Answer: a
Explanation: The force developed by a support doesn’t allow the translation of its attached member. This is the basic
condition for the equilibrium of the forces in any dimension. And many other are applied at the points where the for
ces are to be determined. Thus equilibrium equations are being applied at the points where the main forces are to be
determined.

13. Which of the following is true for a beam having various forces acting over it?

a) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be positive then the rotation along the counter clockwise direction
is negative
b) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be negative then the rotation along the counter clockwise directio
n is also negative as no such assumptions can be taken
c) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be positive then the rotation along the counter clockwise direction
is also positive as no such assumptions can be taken
d) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be negative then the rotation along the counter clockwise directio
n is neither positive nor negative as we only pre assumed the clockwise direction
Answer: a
Explanation: We can take such assumptions. We are free to do so. We just need to specify if clockwise is positive th
en the counter clockwise is to be negative. Also such assumption are very useful in 2D calculation of the moments c
aused by various forces on the body.

14. Determine the shear force generated.

a) 1.35KN
b) 25KN
c) 22KN
d) 23KN
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading acting upward is considered to be positive. This is done as to decrease the time used for th
e calculations. If the method of sections is being applied at the complex sections for the determination of the unkno
wn forces, much time is required for it. Thus the main motto is to make the calculations easy and make the less use o
f time.

PSST! You better watch out, something's buggy above.

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1. The determination of the internal loading in the beams is usually done so as to ______________

a) Break the beam

b) Know the length
c) Know the diameter
d) Design the beam
Answer: d
Explanation: The determination of the internal forces in the beam is done so as to design the beams as in the applicat
ion purpose the beams will be subjected to many loads. This will help us to make the beam properly. And also this w
ill ensure that the beams will not break after the loading is done on them. For this, another method is the distribution
load method.

2. The slope of the shear diagram is equal to__________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Distributed load intensity
Answer: d
Explanation: After the application of the force equation of equilibrium to the segment of the beam, we have the abov
e result. This is done on the very small part of the beam. That is the minimal section of the beam is to be considered
and then the application of the equilibrium equations are done so as to calculate the final result.

3. The shear diagram will jump downward if the _________________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Force will act downwards
Answer: d
Explanation: After the application of the force equation of equilibrium to the segment of the beam, we have the abov
e result. This is done on the very small part of the beam. That is the minimal section of the beam is to be considered
and then the application of the equilibrium equations are done so as to calculate the final result.

4. Change in the shear is equal to ____________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Area under loading curve
Answer: d
Explanation: After the application of the force equation of equilibrium to the segment of the beam, we have the abov
e result. This is done on the very small part of the beam. That is the minimal section of the beam is to be considered
and then the application of the equilibrium equations are done so as to calculate the final result.

5. The internal loading can be found by ________________________

a) Distributed load method

b) Method of area
c) Method of line
d) Method of volume
Answer: a
Explanation: The determination of the internal forces is done by various methods among which the distribution of lo
ad method is the one. Also, we have method of joints, which is done so as to determine the internal forces which are
being developed in the trusses or the frames. This is done as to design them. In this method, the loading acting upwa
rd is considered to be positive.

6. The equation of change in moment equals the area under the shear diagram is not applied when_________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Couple moment acts
Answer: d
Explanation: As this is done with the help of distributed load method thus when a couple moment this equation act is
not valid. This is done on the very small part of the beam. That is the minimal section of the beam is to be considere
d and then the application of the equilibrium equations are done so as to calculate the final result.

7. Slope of the moment diagram is equal to _________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Shear
Answer: d
Explanation: After the application of the force equation of equilibrium to the segment of the beam, we have the abov
e result. This is done on the very small part of the beam. That is the minimal section of the beam is to be considered
and then the application of the equilibrium equations are done so as to calculate the final result.

8. The change in moment is equal to _________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Area under the shear diagram
Answer: d
Explanation: After the application of the force equation of equilibrium to the segment of the beam, we have the abov
e result. This is done on the very small part of the beam. That is the minimal section of the beam is to be considered
and then the application of the equilibrium equations are done so as to calculate the final result.

9. In the making of the shear force diagram or the bending moment diagrams, one method is used, distributed load. I
n this the distributed load will be considered positive if ____________

a) Loading acts upward

b) Loading acts downward
c) Loading acts rightward
d) Loading acts leftward
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading acting upward is considered to be positive. This is done as to decrease the time used for th
e calculations. If the method of sections is being applied at the complex sections for the determination of the unkno
wn forces, much time is required for it. Thus the main motto is to make the calculations easy and make the less use o
f time.

10. Determine the shear force of the beam shown.

a) 450N
b) 50N
c) 40N
d) 45N
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading acting upward is considered to be positive. This is done as to decrease the time used for th
e calculations. If the method of sections is being applied at the complex sections for the determination of the unkno
wn forces, much time is required for it. Thus the main motto is to make the calculations easy and make the less use o
f time.

11. The shear diagram will jump upwards if there is __________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Change in shear is positive
Answer: d
Explanation: None.

12. The equation of change in moment equals the area under the shear diagram is not applied when?

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) A concentrated force acts
Answer: d
Explanation: As this is done with the help of distributed load method thus when a concentrated load is applied this e
quation is not valid. This is done on the very small part of the beam. That is the minimal section of the beam is to be
considered and then the application of the equilibrium equations are done so as to calculate the final result.

13. The couple in the beam is simplified easily by the help of right hand rule. But the forces simplification is not pos
sible as there is no such system of rules so that the forces can be simplified.
a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D. Forces are simplified on the basis of the algebra.

14. Determine the normal force of the beam shown.

a) 0N
b) 50N
c) 40N
d) 45N
Answer: a
Explanation: None.

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1. Flexible cable with chains combine ___________ with lightness and often are used in structures for support.

a) Strength
b) Mass
c) Volume
d) Density
Answer: a
Explanation: The chains with the cables are used to support the structures. They are there for the transfer of the loadi
ng from one point to another point. This means that the cables not only provide strength to the structure but also suff
iciently transfers the loads that are being added to it.

2. In the support system of the bridges and trolley wheel ____________ form the main loading carrying element in t
he structure.

a) Cable
b) Beams
c) Pillars
d) Cement mortar
Answer: a
Explanation: The cable is a support system which is used to transfer the loadings in the different structures. The mai
n motto is to make the structure stable. This is probably done with the help of making the distribution of the load wh
ich is being given to the structures equally by the help of the cables.

3. The force on the cables is not neglected in the calculations of the load distribution.

a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Explanation: The cable is a support system which is used to transfer the loadings in the different structures. The mai
n motto is to make the structure stable. In the calculation, the self-weight of the cable is neglected and the load is cal
culated. The forces are acting in the vertically downward direction.
4. The cable weight becomes significant in the calculations of the loadings when the cables are used in the transmiss
ion lines and guys for radio antennas.

a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Explanation: The cable is a support system which is used to transfer the loadings in the different structures. The mai
n motto is to make the structure stable. But in the calculations of the loadings when the cables are used in the transm
ission lines and guys for antennas the self-weight of the cable is not neglected and the load is calculated.

5. The assumptions for the calculations are done for the cables. In that one of the assumption is that the cable is ____
_______

a) Extensible
b) Non-flexible
c) Flexible
d) Static
Answer: c
Explanation: The assumptions are done so as to make the calculations easy. Though the assumptions make the small
errors do not count over the big data. But still, if the assumptions are made then the calculations are easy. Thus the a
ssumption taken as the cable is perfectly flexible.

6. The assumptions for the calculations are done for the cables. In that one of the assumption is that the cable is flexi
ble and the other is that the cable is ___________

a) Extensible
b) Non-flexible
c) Inextensible
d) Static
Answer: c
Explanation: The assumptions are done so as to make the calculations easy. Though the assumptions make the small
errors do not count over the big data. But still, if the assumptions are made then the calculations are easy. Thus the a
ssumption taken as the cable is inextensible.

7. Determine the force in section QR as shown in the figure.

a) 10.2KN
b) 12.6KN
c) 3.6KN
d) 11.6KN
Answer: a
Explanation: The various points in the cables are facing constant forces. The forces are tensile forces. This is becaus
e as the cables are subjected to loadings the loads tend to stretch the cables in the direction parallel to its round area r
egion. Thus the points face tensile forces which are parallel to the cable length.

8. Due to which property the cable, it offers no resistance to bending?

a) Extensible property
b) Non-flexible property
c) Flexibility property
d) Static property
Answer: c
Explanation: Due to the flexibility property the cable, it offers no resistance to bending. As the bending is seen in the
beams and all the solid structures. Thus the bending moment produced in the cables are not affecting the cables muc
h. Thus no affect by bending, i.e. no resistance to bending.

9. The tensile force acting on the cable is in which direction w.r.t the cable?

a) Perpendicular
b) Parallel
c) Tangential
d) At an angle of 2 radians
Answer: c
Explanation: Due to the flexibility property the cable, it offers no resistance to bending. As the bending is seen in the
beams and all the solid structures. Thus the bending moment produced in the cables are not affecting the cables muc
h. So the tensile force which is being produced is acting in the tangential direction to the points of the cable along its
lengths.

10. Being inextensible the cable has ___________ length.

a) Infinite
b) Zero
c) Average to zero
d) Constant
Answer: d
Explanation: The assumption that the cables are inextensible the main fact that comes out is that the cable length is c
onstant throughout. Thus in the calculations also the fact that the length is constant makes a huge time saving tool. T
hus the length of the cables are to be assumed constant if the assumption is taken as they are inextensible.

11. The loading in the cable doesn’t change the ___________ of the cables.

a) Geometry
b) Colour
c) Bending moment
d) Point at which the shear stress is zero
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading in the cables doesn’t affect the geometry of the cables. This is because of the assumptions
which we have taken. The first one that the cables are perfectly elastic. And the second one that the cables are inexte
nsible.

12. Cable takes a shape of a ____________ when is subjected to loadings.

a) Helix
b) Line
c) Spring
d) Complex figure
Answer: b
Explanation: The cable takes the shape of a straight line when subjected to the loadings. As the loadings are straight,
acting vertically downwards, they stretch the cables and then make them come in the shape of the straight line. Thus
the loadings make the cables come in the straight line.

13. The various points in the cable is facing a ____________ tensile force.

a) Constant
b) Variable
c) Insufficient
d) Non
Answer: a
Explanation: The various points in the cables are facing constant forces. The forces are tensile forces. This is becaus
e as the cables are subjected to loadings the loads tends to stretch the cables in the direction parallel to its round area
region. Thus the points face tensile forces which are parallel to the cable length.

14. If the unknown variables in the calculations are more than the known quantities, then the number of equations re
quired to solve all the unknown variables are?

a) Infinite
b) Finite
c) Not possible
d) Question fault
Answer: b
Explanation: Whatever be the calculation involved, the unknown variables will be ultimately come out from the equ
ations. The proper use of the known quantities and the multiuse of various calculation techniques will ultimately giv
e up the results. Thus whether it may be the case of the cables or the beams the equations if applied properly will res
ult in the determination of the unknowns.

15. Determine the force in section PQ as shown in the figure.

a) 13.6KN
b) 12.6KN
c) 3.6KN
d) 11.6KN
Answer: a
Explanation: None.

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1. Which of the following is correct in bending moment diagram w.r.t the moment (M) of the force (F) acting on the
body at a distance L from the axis of the rotation?

a) M=FLsinθ
b) M=FLcosθ
c) M=F.Lsinθ
d) M=FxLsinθ
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of the force about the axis of rotation by the application of the force on the body is given
by the cross product of both. If the force not perpendicular to the axis, and making angle θ then cosine form of angle
is used. As usually used in the cross product.

2. What does the moment of the force measure in the bending moment diagram?

a) The tendency of rotation of the body along with an axis

b) The moment of inertia of the body about any axis
c) The couple moment produce by the single force acting on the body
d) The total work done on the body by the force
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of the force measures the tendency of the rotation of the body along any axis, whether it b
e the centroid axis of the body or any of the outside axis. The couple moment is produced by two forces, not by a sin
gle force. The total work done is the dot product of force and distance not the cross.

3. Determine the moment’s magnitude produced by the force as shown in the diagram, which tends to rotate the rod
ORQP along QP.
a) 80.49 Nm
b) 72.12 Nm
c) -36.67 Nm
d) 36.67 Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: The use of the formula A.(rxF) gives the answer. In which A is 0.89i + 0.447j m. And the force is 300
N, which is being applied at the end of the rod. Thus, after finding the equation of the axis and then replacing it in th
e equation shown above we get the answer. Actually, the main task is to know the axis equation in the vector form.
Then get the magnitude of the moment.

4. The moment of the force in bending moment diagram is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance of
the axis and the point of action of the force.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment is the product of the force applied to the body and the perpendicular distance of the point
of action of the force to the axis about which the body is being rotated. That is the moment is the cross product of th
e force and the distance between the axis and the point of action.

5. If any force is applied in the direction of the positive x-axis, and there are three different points in bending momen
t diagram on which the moment of this force is to be calculated. Then if these three points are on the positive side of
the y-axis with varying distance, then what will be the direction of the moment caused by the force to the individual
point?

a) Towards positive z-axis

b) Towards positive y-axis
c) Towards positive x-axis
d) Towards negative z-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: If you will apply the right hand rule on the system given then the right answer is the positive z-axis. W
hich is because the force is lying on the x-axis and is heading towards the positive infinity of the x-axis. And the poi
nts are in the positive y-axis. Apply the rule, and get the direction.

6. Determine the moment of the force F along the segment QP of the pipe assembly shown in the figure.

a) 110Nm
b) 100Nm
c) 500Nm
d) 510Nm
Answer: b
Explanation: The use of the formula A.(rxF) gives the answer. In which A is 0.6i + 0.8j m and the r is 0.5i + 0.5k. A
nd the force is 300N, which is being applied at the end of the rod. Thus, after finding the equation of the axis and the
n replacing it in the equation shown above we get the answer. Actually, the main task is to know the axis equation in
the vector form. Then get the magnitude of the moment.

7. Which of the following is true for bending moment diagram?

a) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the vector sum of all moments
b) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the algebraic sum of all moments
c) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is always zero
d) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the vector sum of all moments which is perpendicular to eac
h other forces
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment is the vector quantity. Thus the value of the total moment caused by various forces acting
on the body is the vector sum of all the vectors. Also, the moments are not perpendicular to each other, unless it is sp
ecified. Thus assumptions cant be taken for the direction of the moment.

8. If you are getting to know about the direction of the moment caused by the force applied on the body by using yo
ur wrist and curling it in the direction of the rotation then which of the following is not right for bending moment dia
gram?

a) The thumb represents the direction of the force

b) The thumb represents the direction of the moment
c) The fingers represents the direction of the force
d) The direction in which you curl your wrist is towards the direction of the distance from point of contact of force t
o the axis of rotation.
Answer: b
Explanation: The curled hand represents a various thing. The direction of the moment axis is given by the thumb. Th
e direction of the force is given by the fingers. As we place the fingers on the force and curl towards the rotational di
rection of the body about the axis.

9. If the rotation is clockwise in this page, suppose, then in which direction will the thumb project if you curl your h
and in the same direction of the rotation for bending moment diagram?

a) It will point to the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper and towards you
b) It will point to the direction perpendicular to the plane of the paper and away from you
c) It will point to the direction parallel to the plane of the paper and towards right
d) It will point to the direction parallel to the plane of the paper and towards left
Answer: b
Explanation: As the curling will give the direction perpendicular to the paper. But it does depend upon the rotation s
ense. In this example, the sense is clockwise. Thus the thumb goes into the paper. That is it goes away from the view
er. Thus the answer.

10. The tendency of rotation of the body along any axis in the bending moment diagram is also called ___________

a) Moment of inertia
b) Moment of couple
c) Torque
d) Force
Answer: c
Explanation: The tendency of rotation of the body along any axis also called the torque. It is the moment of the force
acting perpendicular to the direction of the axis of rotation. If the axis and the force are meeting at any point then th
ere is no moment applied by the force.

11. What does FLsinθ mean/represents in bending moment diagram for the moment (M) of the force (F) acting on th
e body at a distance L from the axis of the rotation?

a) The direction vector of the moment

b) Unit vector of the moment vector
c) The magnitude of the moment caused by the force on the body
d) The perpendicular distance of the force from the axis of rotation
Answer: c
Explanation: The moment of the force about the axis of rotation by the application of the force on the body is given
by the cross product of both. If the force not perpendicular to the axis, and making angle θ then cosine form of angle
is used. Thus, FLsinθ represents the magnitude of the moment.
12. The moment axis, force and the perpendicular distance in the bending moment diagram is lying in____________

a) Two planes perpendicular to each other

b) A single plane in the direction of the force
c) A single plane in the direction of the perpendicular distance
d) A single line in the direction of the force
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment axis, force and the perpendicular distance is lying in the three dimensional Cartesian. It do
esn’t lye on the single plane. It also doesn’t lye in a single line. Nor in the direction of the force. Thus they all lye in
the planes which are perpendicular to each other.

13. If a force applied at any point in its line of action and is still creating the same moment about any fixed point say
P, then the force is said to be a sliding vector. What is the name of this property in a bending moment diagram?

a) Associative property
b) Distributive property
c) Negative associative property
d) Principle transmissibility of the force
Answer: d
Explanation: If a force applied at any point in its line of action and is still creating the same moment about any fixed
point say P, then the force is said to be sliding vector. This is because the moment of the force which is acting on its
line of axis at the point P is same throughout. This is known as the principle transmissibility of the force.

14. The basic way of getting the direction of the moment caused by the force in a bending moment diagram is:

a) The use of left hand rule with thumb giving the direction of the moment
b) The use of right hand rule with thumb giving the direction of the moment
c) The use of right hand rule with forefinger giving the direction of the moment
d) The use of left hand rule with forefinger giving the direction of the moment
Answer: b
Explanation: The basic way of doing so is to use right hand rule and not the left hand rule. The direction of the mom
ent axis is given by the thumb. The direction of the force is given by the fingers. As we place the fingers on the force
and curl towards the rotational direction of the body about the axis.

15. If a force applied at any point in its line of action and is still creating the same moment about any fixed point say
P, then the force in bending moment diagram is said to be______________

a) Couple
b) Sliding vector
c) Slider couple
d) Couple slider
Answer: b
Explanation: If a force applied at any point in its line of action and is still creating the same moment about any fixed
point say P, then the force is said to be a sliding vector. This is because the moment of the force which is acting on it
s line of the axis at the point P is the same throughout. Whatever be the direction of the distance.

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1. The determination of the internal loading in the beams for shear stress diagrams is usually done so as to:

a) Break the beam

b) Know the length
c) Know the diameter
d) Design the beam
Answer: d
Explanation: The determination of the internal forces in the beam is done so as to design the beams as in the applicat
ion purpose the beams will be subjected to many loads. This will help us to make the beam properly. And also this w
ill ensure that the beams will not break after the loading is done on them. For this another method is the distribution l
oad method.

2. The change in moment in shear stress diagrams is equal to _________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Area under shear diagram
Answer: d
Explanation: After the application of the force equation of equilibrium to the segment of the beam, we have the abov
e result. This is done on the very small part of the beam. That is the minimal section of the beam is to be considered
and then the application of the equilibrium equations are done so as to calculate the final result.

3. Determine the shear force of the beam shown.

a) 450N
b) 50N
c) 40N
d) 45N
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading acting upward is considered to be positive. This is done as to decrease the time used for th
e calculations. If the method of sections is being applied at the complex sections for the determination of the unkno
wn forces, much time is required for it. Thus the main motto is to make the calculations easy and make the less use o
f time.

4. The couple moment and the force in shear stress diagrams are divided to get the distance of the axis from the poin
t of action of the force.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is the cross product of the force and the perpendicular distance between the forces. And if t
he division of the both is done than the resulting quantity is the distance only. But care must be taken that the produc
t is the cross product and hence sine angle must be divided too to get the distance.

5. The equation of change in a moment in shear stress diagrams equals area under shear diagram is not applied when
?

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) A concentrated force acts
Answer: d
Explanation: As this is done with the help of distributed load method thus when a concentrated load is applied this e
quation is not valid. This is done on the very small part of the beam. That is the minimal section of the beam is to be
considered and then the application of the equilibrium equations are done so as to calculate the final result.

6. Change in the shear in shear stress diagrams is equal to ____________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Area under loading curve
Answer: d
Explanation: None.

7. The couple in the beam is simplified easily by the help of right hand rule in shear stress diagrams. But the forces s
implification is not possible as there is no such system of rules so that the forces can be simplified.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: Both of them are vector quantities. And both of them can be easily simplified. If taken in the vector for
m then the task is even easier. Thus it is not necessary for the force or the couple to be vector only, even if the magni
tude is taken, the simplification is done in the 2D. Forces are simplified on the basis of the algebra.

8. Determine the normal force of the beam shown.

a) 0N
b) 50N
c) 40N
d) 45N
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading acting upward is considered to be positive. This is done as to decrease the time used for th
e calculations. If the method of sections is being applied at the complex sections for the determination of the unkno
wn forces, much time is required for it. Thus the main motto is to make the calculations easy and make the less use o
f time.

9. The internal loading in shear stress diagrams can be found by ___________

a) Distributed load method

b) Method of area
c) Method of line
d) Method of volume
Answer: a
Explanation: The determination of the internal forces is done by various methods among which the distribution of lo
ad method is the one. Also, we have a method of joints, which is done so as to determine the internal forces which ar
e being developed in the trusses or the frames. This is done as to design them. In this method the loading acting upw
ard is considered to be positive.

10. In the making of the shear force diagram or the bending moment diagrams, one method is used, distributed load.
In this the distributed load will be considered positive if?

a) Loading acts upward

b) Loading acts downward
c) Loading acts rightward
d) Loading acts leftward
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading acting upward is considered to be positive. This is done as to decrease the time used for th
e calculations. If the method of sections is being applied at the complex sections for the determination of the unkno
wn forces, much time is required for it. Thus the main motto is to make the calculations easy and make the less use o
f time.

11. The shear diagram will jump downward if _________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Force will act downwards
Answer: d
Explanation: None.

12. The shear diagram will jump upwards if_____________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Change in shear is positive
Answer: d
Explanation: None.

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1. In the support system of the bridges and trolley wheel ____________ form the main loading carrying element in t
he structure.

a) Distributed loaded Cable

b) Beams
c) Pillars
d) Cement mortar
Answer: a
Explanation: The cable is a support system which is used to transfer the loadings in the different structures. The mai
n motto is to make the structure stable. This is probably done with the help of making the distribution of the load wh
ich is being given to the structures equally by the help of the cables.

2. What is the dot product of the components of the force vector shown in the figure, i.e. the dot product of the z-axi
s component and the y-axis component of the force?

a) 0
b) 200cos60°
c) 200sin45°
d) 200cos30°
Answer: a
Explanation: The dot product of any two vectors is having the cosine function in it. It is being multiplied by the prod
uct of the magnitudes of the vectors. So if the angle is 90°, then the value of cosine function would be zero, thus 0.
And the value of the sine angle is 1, thus the result.

3. The assumptions for the calculations for cables under distributed load are done for the cables. In that one of the as
sumption is that the cable is ___________

a) Extensible
b) Non-flexible
c) Flexible
d) Static
Answer: c
Explanation: The assumptions are done so as to make the calculations easy. Though the assumptions make the small
errors do not count over the big data. But still, if the assumptions are made then the calculations are easy. Thus the a
ssumption taken as the cable is perfectly flexible.

4. The force on the cables under distributed load is not neglected in the calculations of the load distribution.

a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Explanation: The cable is a support system which is used to transfer the loadings in the different structures. The mai
n motto is to make the structure stable. In calculation, the self-weight of the cable is neglected and the load is calcula
ted. The forces are acting in the vertically downward direction.

5. The assumptions for the calculations are done for the cables under a distributed load. In that one of the assumptio
n is that the cable is flexible and the other is that the cable is ___________

a) Extensible
b) Non-flexible
c) Inextensible
d) Static
Answer: c
Explanation: The assumptions are done so as to make the calculations easy. Though the assumptions make the small
errors to not count over the big dat. But still if the assumptions are made then the calculations are easy. Thus the ass
umption taken as the cable is inextensible.

6. The various points in the cables under distributed load is facing a ____________ tensile force.

a) Constant
b) Variable
c) Insufficient
d) Non
Answer: a
Explanation: The various points in the cables are facing constant forces. The forces are tensile forces. This is becaus
e as the cables are subjected to loadings the loads tends to stretch the cables in the direction parallel to its round area
region. Thus the points face tensile forces which are parallel to the cable length.

7. Due to which property the cables under distributed load, it offers no resistance to bending?

a) Extensible property
b) Non-flexible property
c) Flexibility property
d) Static property
Answer: c
Explanation: Due to the flexibility property the cable, it offers no resistance to bending. As the bending is seen in the
beams and all the solid structures. Thus the bending moment produced in the cables are not affecting the cables muc
h. Thus no effect by bending, i.e. no resistance to bending.

8. Flexible cables under distributed load with chains combine ___________ with lightness and often are used in stru
ctures for support.

a) Strength
b) Mass
c) Volume
d) Density
Answer: a
Explanation: The chains with the cables are used to support the structures. They are there for the transfer of the loadi
ng from one point to another point. This means that the cables not only provide strength to the structure but also suff
iciently transfers the loads that are being added to it.

9. The tensile force acting on the cables under distributed load is in which direction w.r.t the cable?

a) Perpendicular
b) Parallel
c) Tangential
d) At an angle of 2 radians
Answer: c
Explanation: Due to the flexibility property the cable, it offers no resistance to bending. As the bending is seen in the
beams and all the solid structures. Thus the bending moment produced in the cables are not affecting the cables muc
h. So the tensile force which is being produced is acting in the tangential direction to the points of the cable along its
lengths.

10. If the unknown variables in the calculations for cables under distributed load are more than the known quantities,
then the number of equations required to solve all the unknown variables are?

a) Infinite
b) Finite
c) Not possible
d) Question fault
Answer: b
Explanation: Whatever be the calculation involved, the unknown variables will be ultimately come out from the equ
ations. The proper use of the known quantities and the multiuse of various calculation techniques will ultimately giv
e up the results. Thus whether it may be the case of the cables or the beams the equations if applied properly will res
ult in the determination of the unknowns.

11. Cables under distributed load takes a shape of a ____________ when is subjected to loadings.

a) Helix
b) Line
c) Spring
d) Complex figure
Answer: b
Explanation: The cable takes the shape of a straight line when subjected to the loadings. As the loadings are straight,
acting vertically downwards, they stretch the cables and then make them come in the shape of the straight line. Thus
the loadings make the cables come in the straight line.

12. The cables under distributed load weight become significant in the calculations of the loadings when the cables a
re used in the transmission lines and guys for radio antennas.

a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Explanation: The cable is a support system which is used to transfer the loadings in the different structures. The mai
n motto is to make the structure stable. But in the calculations of the loadings when the cables are used in the transm
ission lines and guys for antennas the self-weight of the cable is not neglected and the load is calculated.

13. The loading in the cables under distributed load doesn’t change the ___________ of the cables.
a) Geometry
b) Colour
c) Bending moment
d) Point at which the shear stress is zero
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading in the cables doesn’t affect the geometry of the cables. This is because of the assumptions
which we have taken. The first one that the cables are perfectly elastic. And the second one that the cables are inexte
nsible.

14. What is the magnitude of the resultant vector’s unit vector? (Resultant vector of the two vectors shown in the fig
ure below)

a) 1N
b) 225N
c) 110N
d) 55N
Answer: a
Explanation: The question asked is asking for the magnitude of the unit vector of the resultant vector, thus the answe
r is 1. Whether the magnitude of the vector is any quantity, but the unit vector will have the magnitude equal to unity
. And the direction given by the unit vector will be in the same direction as that of the vector.

15. Being inextensible the cables under distributed load has ___________ length.

a) Infinite
b) Zero
c) Average to zero
d) Constant
Answer: d
Explanation: The assumption that the cables are inextensible the main fact that comes out is that the cable length is c
onstant throughout. Thus in the calculations also the fact that the length is constant makes a huge time saving tool. T
hus the length of the cables are to be assumed constant if the assumption is taken as they are inextensible.

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1. What is not the condition for the equilibrium in three dimensional system of axis for cable subjected to its own we
ight?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

2. The assumptions for the calculations are done for the cable subjected to its own weight. In that one of the assumpt
ion is that the cable is ___________

a) Extensible
b) Non-flexible
c) Flexible
d) Static
Answer: c
Explanation: The assumptions are done so as to make the calculations easy. Though the assumptions make the small
errors do not count over the big data. But still, if the assumptions are made then the calculations are easy. Thus the a
ssumption taken as the cable is perfectly flexible.

3. The magnitude of the resultant of the two vectors in calculations for cable subjected to its own weight is always:

a) Greater than one of the vector’s magnitude

b) Smaller than one of the vector’s magnitude
c) Depends on the angle between them
d) Axis we choose to calculate the magnitude
Answer: c
Explanation: Yes, the magnitude of the resultant of the two vectors always depends on the angle between them. It mi
ght be greater or smaller than one of the vector’s length. For perfectly saying, it does depend upon the angle between
them.

4. In the diagram given below, coordinates of D is (1, -2, 2), C (-2, 0, 0) and B are as shown. The dark region is the c
ables holding the weight of 600N at origin. Find the tension in the AD section.

a) 900N
b) 693N
c) 646N
d) 0N
Answer: a
Explanation: As the system is in equilibrium so we need to balance the forces. So when apply the condition of net fo
rce to be zero in the z direction, we get (2/3)FAD = 600N. This gives us force along AD be 900N.

5. Cable subjected to its own weight takes a shape of a ____________ when is subjected to loadings.

a) Helix
b) Line
c) Spring
d) Complex figure
Answer: b
Explanation: The cable takes the shape of a straight line when subjected to the loadings. As the loadings are straight,
acting vertically downwards, they stretch the cables and then make them come in the shape of the straight line. Thus
the loadings make the cables come in the straight line.

6. The force on the cable subjected to its own weight is not neglected in the calculations of the load distribution.

a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Explanation: The cable is a support system which is used to transfer the loadings in the different structures. The mai
n motto is to make the structure stable. In calculation, the self-weight of the cable is neglected and the load is calcula
ted. The forces are acting in the vertically downward direction.

7. Determine the value of the q, parallel to the z axis. That is the point of intersection of the projections of the points
A, B and C parallel to the xy plane. With the distance between the tri-section point and the points A, B and C be equ
al to 0.6m.

a) 51.9cm
b) 51.9mm
c) 51.9m
d) 5.19mm
Answer: a
Explanation: The application of the equilibrium equation will yield the result. That is the resultant along the z-axis w
ill remain zero. Which give the value of γ as 50˚. And therefore q=51.9cm.

8. The assumptions for the calculations are done for the cable subjected to its own weight. In that one of the assumpt
ion is that the cable is flexible and the other is that the cable is ___________

a) Extensible
b) Non-flexible
c) Inextensible
d) Static
Answer: c
Explanation: The assumptions are done so as to make the calculations easy. Though the assumptions make the small
errors do not count over the big data. But still, if the assumptions are made then the calculations are easy. Thus the a
ssumption taken as the cable is inextensible.

9. Due to which property the cable subjected to its own weight, it offers no resistance to bending?

a) Extensible property
b) Non-flexible property
c) Flexibility property
d) Static property
Answer: c
Explanation: Due to the flexibility property the cable, it offers no resistance to bending. As the bending is seen in the
beams and all the solid structures. Thus the bending moment produced in the cables are not affecting the cables muc
h. Thus no affect by bending, i.e. no resistance to bending.

10. The tensile force acting on the cable subjected to its own weight is in which direction w.r.t the cable?

a) Perpendicular
b) Parallel
c) Tangential
d) At an angle of 2 radians
Answer: c
Explanation: Due to the flexibility property the cable, it offers no resistance to bending. As the bending is seen in the
beams and all the solid structures. Thus the bending moment produced in the cables are not affecting the cables muc
h. So the tensile force which is being produced is acting in the tangential direction to the points of the cable along its
lengths.

11. The cable weight becomes significant in the calculations of the loadings when the cable subjected to its own wei
ght are used in the transmission lines and guys for radio antennas.

a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Explanation: The cable is a support system which is used to transfer the loadings in the different structures. The mai
n motto is to make the structure stable. But in the calculations of the loadings when the cables are used in the transm
ission lines and guys for antennas the self-weight of the cable is not neglected and the load is calculated.

12. The loading in the cable subjected to its own weight doesn’t change the ___________ of the cables.

a) Geometry
b) Colour
c) Bending moment
d) Point at which the shear stress is zero
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading in the cables doesn’t affect the geometry of the cables. This is because of the assumptions
which we have taken. The first one that the cables are perfectly elastic. And the second one that the cables are inexte
nsible.

13. If the unknown variables in the calculations are more than the known quantities, then the number of equations re
quired to solve all the unknown variables are for cable subjected to its own weight?

a) Infinite
b) Finite
c) Not possible
d) Question fault
Answer: b
Explanation: Whatever be the calculation involved, the unknown variables will be ultimately come out from the equ
ations. The proper use of the known quantities and the multiuse of various calculation techniques will ultimately giv
e up the results. Thus whether it may be the case of the cables or the beams the equations if applied properly will res
ult in the determination of the unknowns.

14. For calculations involved for cable subjected to its own weight all the vectors quantities obey :

a) Parallelogram law of addition

b) Parallelogram law of multiplication
c) Parallelogram law of addition of square root of their magnitudes
d) Parallelogram law of addition of square of their magnitudes
Answer: a
Explanation: All the vectors quantities obey parallelogram law of addition. Two vectors A and B (can be called as c
omponent vectors) are added to form a resultant vector. R = A+B.

15. If two equal vector forces are mutually perpendicular in the cable subjected to its own weight then the resultant f
orce is acting at which angle as compared to one of the vector?

a) 45 degree
b) 90 degree
c) 180 degree
d) 0 degree
Answer: a
Explanation: The vectors are mutually perpendicular, this means that the angle between the forces is 90 degree. Thus
the resultant will form at 45 degrees to any of the vector.

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1. ____________ is the phenomena that resist the movement of the two surfaces in contact.

a) Friction
b) Motion
c) Circular movement
d) Rotation
Answer: a
Explanation: The friction is the phenomena that define that there is a resistance which is present there between the t
wo surfaces. The two surfaces are in contact and the friction applies at that surface only, resisting the motion of the s
urface.
2. The frictional force always acts ____________ to the surface of the application of the friction.

a) Tangential
b) Perpendicular
c) Parallel
d) Normal
Answer: a
Explanation: The friction is the phenomena that defines that there is a resistance which is present there between the t
wo surfaces. This friction is applied tangentially to the surfaces in contact. Thus the main thing is that the forces on
both of the surfaces act as a tangential to each other.

3. Dry friction is also called _____________

a) Column Friction
b) Coulomb Friction
c) Dry column friction
d) Surface friction
Answer: b
Explanation: The dry friction is acted upon the surfaces. And they are tangential to each other. As we know the fricti
on is the phenomena that define that there is a resistance which is present there between the two surfaces. The dry fri
ction is also termed as the Coulomb friction as it was given by C.A. Coulomb.

4. Who gave the concept of Dry friction?

a) C.A. Coulomb
b) GA. Coulomb
c) C.P Coulomb
d) Albert Einstein
Answer: a
Explanation: The dry friction is also termed as the Coulomb friction as it was given by C.A. Coulomb. And they are
tangential to each other. As we know the friction is the phenomena that defines that there is a resistance which is pre
sent there between the two surfaces.

5. At what conditions the dry friction occurs between the surfaces in contact?

a) When there is no lubricating fluid

b) When there is no friction fluid
c) When there is no adhesive fluid
d) When there is no cohesive fluid
Answer: a
Explanation: When there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfaces in contact, the dry friction occurs. Thus
as the name suggests dry friction. When there is no liquid present over there the surfaces are going to be said dry on
ly. Thus the term dry friction.

6. The phenomena of horizontal pull and push explain what?

a) Theory of friction
b) Theory of relativity
c) Theory of action
d) Theory of forces
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfaces in contact, the dry frict
ion occurs. This is the phenomena that defines that there is a resistance which is present there between the two surfa
ces. Thus the pull and push phenomena explain the theory of friction.
7. Theory of friction is explained over a block of weight W. Which of the following is the property of the surface on
which block is present?

a) Non-rigid
b) Coloured red
c) Having density in negative
d) The motion of that block is always horizontal
Answer: a
Explanation: The block used to explain the theory of friction is a used in a deformable surface. As we know that the
theory of friction says that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfaces in contact, the dry friction
occurs. Thus to show the same experiments are done over a non-rigid/deformable surface.

8. The block used to explain the theory of friction is kept over non-deformable surface.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The block used to explain the theory of friction is used in a deformable surface. As we know that the th
eory of friction says that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfaces in contact, the dry friction o
ccurs. Thus to show the same experiments are done over a non-rigid/deformable surface.

9. In the explanation of the theory of friction, the block used to have an assumption. That is the upper portion of the
block is considered to be rigid.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The block used to explain the theory of friction is placed on a deformable surface. As we know that the
theory of friction says that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfaces in contact, the dry friction
occurs. Thus to show the same, experiments are done over a non-rigid/deformable surface which is having a rigid s
hape.

10. The free body diagram used to explain the theory of dry friction is having ___________ distribution of both the
normal forces and frictional surface.

a) Uneven
b) Even
c) Uniform
d) Equal
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfaces in contact, the dry frict
ion occurs. This is the phenomena that define that there is a resistance which is present there between the two surfac
es. Thus the pull and push phenomena explain the theory of friction. Thus the free body diagrams are having an une
ven distribution of the forces.

11. For equilibrium the normal forces acts in which direction in the free body diagrams?

a) Vertically Upward
b) Vertically Downward
c) Horizontally Right
d) Horizontally Left
Answer: a
Explanation: As the loads are being acting in the downward direction. Thus to make the forces balance, the normal f
orces act in the vertically upward direction. As we know that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the s
urfaces in contact, the dry friction occurs. This friction magnitude is taken out from these normal forces.

12. What is not the condition for the equilibrium in free body diagram for calculation of the normal forces?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

13. We first make equilibrium equations of the body by considering all the three dimensional forces acting on the se
ction chosen and then the free body diagram is made and solved.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: We first make the free body diagram and then we make the equilibrium equations to satisfy the given c
onditions. This helps us to solve the question easily. As this reduces the part of imagination and increases accuracy t
oo.

14. Calculate the product of normal force and the coefficient of friction between the body and the surface.

a) 183N
b) 116N
c) 100N
d) 180N
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

15. Determine the distance between the points of action of the forces, that is the normal force and the self-weight for
ce in the given figure.

a) 9.08mm
b) 9.08cm
c) 9.08m
d) 9.8mm
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

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1. For making the equilibrium equations the normal forces acts in which direction in the free body diagrams?

a) Vertically Upward
b) Vertically Downward
c) Horizontally Right
d) Horizontally Left
Answer: a
Explanation: As the loads are acting in the downward direction. Thus to make the forces balance, the normal forces
act in the vertically upward direction. As we know that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfac
es in contact, the dry friction occurs. This friction magnitude is taken out from these normal forces.

2. Which one is not the condition for the equilibrium in free body diagram for calculation of the normal forces, consi
der all forces to be straight and linear?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

3. We show the net forces by the help of __________ forces.

a) Rotational
b) Linear
c) Helical
d) Resultants
Answer: d
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. This is because the res
ultant forces have the sum of all the forces which are acting in the direction which is same. Thus the resultant forces
are used to show the net forces acting in the body.

4. There are main two types of forces which are being stated in the free body diagram, they are generally the resultan
t forces which are being acted over the body. Which are they?

a) Normal and Frictional

b) Normal and Vertical
c) Vertical and Frictional
d) Normal and Fractional
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is the normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces whic
h are acting in the direction which is same.

5. In the problems regarding the friction and normal force calculations, there is no scope of the two force and three f
orce systems.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The two and three force member system can be acted upon the body even if there are friction calculatio
ns involved. The main thing is that the frictional forces are the phenomena in which there is a resistance between the
surfaces. And the resistance magnitude is given by those calculations. So if two or three system does comes, it has n
o effect.

6. There is the application of the Newton’s third law of motion in the free body diagrams of the friction calculations.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: There is some calculations involved in which we have to make use of Newton’s third law of motion. T
he requirement of the third law is important in the equilibrium of the body. The body particles are in the equilibrium
and are thus facing the forces and to be in the equilibrium they also react and apply the opposite force and thus the th
ird law of newton.

7. As we are using vector math to solve for the unknown forces in the free body diagrams, what is k.i?

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) ∞
Answer: a
Explanation: As the dot product of only the same Cartesian component is unity, i.e. i.i = 1 and j.j =1, rest all remaini
ng dot product will give 0(i.j = 0 and j.k = 0). Cross product of the same plane vectors always give zero. This is gene
rally done because the normal forces are perpendicular to the surfaces of action of the friction.

8. The three force system can also be in the equilibrium if:

a) All the forces are parallel to each other heading towards the same direction
b) The force components cancel each other
c) The forces are very small in magnitude
d) The forces are very huge in magnitude
Answer: b
Explanation: Even if the forces components cancels each other than the body is said to be in equilibrium. Also, it sh
ould satisfy whether the moments caused by the forces are equal to zero or not. This means that we need to take com
ponents of the normal and frictional forces so as to make the desired calculations.

9. The normal forces and the forces of friction are collinear.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: They are not collinear. They are just acting perpendicular or parallel to the surface of action. Thus they
are not even on the same plane. So as to make the calculations proper we need to see the same and then apply the eq
uations.

10. Determine the horizontal force acting in the given figure.

a) 80cos30
b) 60cos30
c) 40cos30
d) 8cos30
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown by the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, first
the frictional and the second is the normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which
are acting on the direction which is same.

11. Determine the vertical force acting in the given figure.

a) 236N
b) 600n
c) 403N
d) 830N
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

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1. The maximum value of the frictional force is called _________

a) Limiting Friction
b) Non-Limiting Friction
c) Limiting Action Friction
d) Non-Limiting Action Friction
Answer: a
Explanation: The friction is the phenomena that define that there is a resistance which is present there between the t
wo surfaces. The two surfaces are in contact and the friction applies at that surface only, resisting the motion of the s
urface. Thus the maximum values are called as limiting friction.

2. When the body which is applied forces come in the stage of the limiting friction then the body is termed as to com
e in ___________ equilibrium.

a) Unstable
b) Stable
c) Non-stable
d) Improper Stable
Answer: a
Explanation: As the limiting friction is the maximum value of the frictional forces. Thus if more force is applied to t
he body then the body is going to move forward. Because the two surfaces are in contact and the friction applies at t
hat surface only, resisting the motion of the surface. Thus the name unstable equilibrium.

3. The frictional force is directly proportional to the ____________

a) Applied load
b) Type of surface used
c) The normal force
d) The horizontal load
Answer: c
Explanation: The frictional force is directly proportional to the vertical force that is being applied normal to the surfa
ce of the body. The force of friction is not dependent on the type of the surface. Thus the only thing the frictional for
ce does depend is the normal force.

4. The constant in the equation F = µN is called?

a) Knew
b) Proprietary Constant
c) Coefficient of dry friction
d) Coefficient of static friction
Answer: d
Explanation: The constant in the equation F = µN is known as the coefficient of static friction. This is the proportion
ality constant and is generally used to express the equation of the frictional force. The value of this constant is gener
ally from 0 to infinite, depending on the surface.

5. The coefficient of static friction does depend upon the surface on which the body is being slide.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The constant in the equation F = µN is known as the coefficient of static friction. This is the proportion
ality constant and is generally used to express the equation of the frictional force. The value of this constant is gener
ally from 0 to infinite, depending on the surface.

6. The coefficient of friction is generally determined by ____________

a) Written over the Body

b) Experiments
c) Weighing the body
d) Measuring length of the body
Answer: b
Explanation: The coefficient of friction is generally determined by the help of experiments. Many experiments are d
one on the body. Try and error methods are involved. And the final observations are being taken out. Then the avera
ge of all the final answers resulted in the experiments is done.

7. We have two types of a coefficient of friction, one is coefficient of static friction and the other one is the coefficie
nt of the kinetic friction.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The constant in the equation F = µN is known as the coefficient of static friction. This is the proportion
ality constant and is generally used to express the equation of the frictional force. And in the same equation the const
ant is sometimes called a coefficient of kinetic friction, when the limiting value of static friction is passed over.

8. The angle of the inclination of wedge over which the block is sliding is determined by which of the following trig
onometric function?

a) Tangent Inverse
b) Cosine
c) Sine
d) Secant
Answer: a
Explanation: The angle of the wedge over which the block is being slided is generally taken out by the help of the ta
ngent inverse trigonometric function. It is the ratio of the frictional force to the normal force. This ratio is kept inside
the inverse function.

9. The coefficient of kinetic friction is ____________ than coefficient of static friction.

a) Smaller
b) Larger
c) Significantly larger
d) Highly larger
Answer: a
Explanation: The coefficient of kinetic friction is smaller than the coefficient of static friction. The main thing about
the kinetic one is that it is applied by the surface when the body is in motion. The static one is applied to the body w
hen the body is static and is about to move.
10. The kinetic friction is applied when the body is __________

a) Moving
b) Stopped
c) Just stopped
d) Just started to move
Answer: a
Explanation: The kinetic friction is applied to the body by the surface when the body is moving. This means there is
friction present and the coefficient of that friction is smaller than the static one. The main observation is that this is a
pplied when the static friction attends its maximum value.

11. The angle of the inclination of wedge over which the block is sliding and is experiencing the kinetic friction is d
etermined by which of the following trigonometric function?

a) Tangent Inverse
b) Cosine
c) Sine
d) Secant
Answer: a
Explanation: The angle of the wedge over which the block is being slided is generally taken out by the help of the ta
ngent inverse trigonometric function. Whether it may be the static or the kinetic friction, the ratio is the frictional for
ce to the normal force. And this ratio is kept inside the inverse function.

12. The value of a coefficient of friction is taken at that moment when the block is at the verge of moving.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The constant in the equation F = µN is known as the coefficient of static friction. This is the proportion
ality constant and is generally used to express the equation of the frictional force. And this coefficient is calculated b
y the help of experiments and is generally observed when the block is at the verge of moving.

13. For determination of the equilibrium state in the free body diagram the basic way of getting the direction of the
moment caused by the force is:

a) The use of left hand rule with thumb giving the direction of the moment
b) The use of right hand rule with thumb giving the direction of the moment
c) The use of right hand rule with forefinger giving the direction of the moment
d) The use of left hand rule with forefinger giving the direction of the moment
Answer: b
Explanation: The basic way of doing so is to use right hand rule and not the left hand rule. The direction of the mom
ent axis is given by the thumb. The direction of the force is given by the fingers. As we place the fingers on the force
and curl towards the rotational direction of the body about the axis.

14. Determine the frictional force acting in the given figure.

a) 63.9N
b) 60N
c) 43N
d) 83N
Answer: a
Explanation: None.
15. Which of the following is the force developed between the body and the surface.

a) 160N
b) 16N
c) 10N
d) 180N
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

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1. In the simplification of the forces for the free body diagram, the net force acts at the ___________ of the loading
body.

a) Centroid
b) The centre axis
c) The corner
d) The base
Answer: a
Explanation: In the simplification of the loading system the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body. That is
if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then the at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the load
ing will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading.

2. As in the determination of the various unknown forces in the free body diagram involves the use of vectors. So on
e of the vector law is commutative law and it is valid for the cross product of two vectors. (Commutative law: PxQ =
QxP; for two vectors P and Q)

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: This statement is wrong. It is not possible unless we apply a negative sign to the RHS of the equation.
That is PxQ = -(QxP). It is because, if you curl your wrist from one vector towards another vector, the thumb project
ed will give the direction of the cross product. Thus if you reverse the direction, the negative sign is necessary.

3. The frictional force developed always acts ____________ to the surface of the application of the friction.

a) Tangential
b) Perpendicular
c) Parallel
d) Normal
Answer: a
Explanation: The friction is the phenomena that defines that there is a resistance which is present there between the t
wo surfaces. This friction is applied tangentially to the surfaces in contact. Thus the main thing is that the forces on
both of the surfaces act tangential to each other.

4. As the free body diagram of the problem statement involves the use of forces. So in them the ___________ forces
do not cause the rotation.

a) Non-concurrent
b) Concurrent
c) Parallel
d) Non-Parallel
Answer: b
Explanation: The concurrent forces are the one are somewhere touching the axis of rotation. If any of the force is tou
ching that axis, that force is not considered or is insufficient to cause a rotation. If a force is concurrent then the perp
endicular distance of the force from the line of the axis is zero, thus no rotation. As we know rotation is caused by a
moment.

5. For equilibrium, the normal forces act in which direction in the free body diagrams if they are constructed for the
friction part calculations?

a) Vertically Upward
b) Vertically Downward
c) Horizontally Right
d) Horizontally Left
Answer: a
Explanation: As the loads are being acting in the downward direction. Thus to make the forces balance, the normal f
orces act in the vertically upward direction. As we know that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the s
urfaces in contact, the dry friction occurs. This friction magnitude is taken out from these normal forces.

6. Which of the following is the assumption on the property of the surface on which block is present in case we are d
ealing with the calculations involving the friction?

a) Non-rigid
b) Coloured red
c) Having density in negative
d) The motion of that block is always horizontal
Answer: a
Explanation: The block used to explain the theory of friction is used in a deformable surface. As we know that the th
eory of friction says that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfaces in contact, the dry friction o
ccurs. Thus to show the same experiments are done over a non-rigid/deformable surface.

7. There are three types of friction problems. One of them is _____________

a) Impending motion at a single point of contact

b) No-Impending motion at a single point of contact
c) Impending motion at all points of contact
d) Apparent Impending motion
Answer: c
Explanation: There are mainly three types of friction problems. They are no-apparent impending motion, impending
motion at all points of contact and impending motion at some points of contacts. Therefore the answer is impending
motion at all points of contact. There is involvement of various types of calculations which is there in all of the three
types.

8. The phenomena of horizontal pull and push explain something related to the friction, among the following what is
it?

a) Theory of friction
b) Theory of relativity
c) Theory of action
d) Theory of forces
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfaces in contact, the dry frict
ion occurs. This is the phenomena that defines that there is a resistance which is present there between the two surfa
ces. Thus the pull and push phenomena explain the theory of friction.
9. Calculate the Normal force developed between the body and the surface.

a) 611N
b) 116N
c) 100N
d) 180N
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

10. There are mainly two types of forces which are being stated in the free body diagram, and they are generally the
resultant of various forces which are being acted over the body. Which are they?

a) Normal and Frictional

b) Normal and Vertical
c) Vertical and Frictional
d) Normal and Fractional
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

11. The frictional force is directly proportional to the surface of the solid.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The frictional force is directly proportional to the vertical forces that are being applied normal to the su
rface of the body. The force of friction is not dependent on the type of the surface. Thus the only thing the frictional
force does depend is the normal force.

12. Calculate the frictional force developed between the body and the surface.

a) 160N
b) 16N
c) 10N
d) 180N
Answer: a
Explanation: None.

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1. A ____________ is a simple machine that is used as to transfer applied forces into much larger forces.

a) Wedge
b) Beam
c) Pillar
d) Bridges
Answer: a
Explanation: The main thing about the wedges is that a wedge is a simple machine that is used as to transfer applied
forces into much larger forces. This means that the wedges are the means of force transfer. This machine is very usef
ul in the industries, and it has a wide application.

2. Wedges are used to transfer heavy loads.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The main thing about the wedges is that a wedge is a simple machine that is used as to transfer applied
forces into much larger forces. This means that the wedges are the means of force transfer. This machine is very usef
ul in the industries, and it has a wide application.

3. The blocks of heavy weights are being able to lift from the help of the wedges.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The main thing about the wedges is that the wedge is a simple machine that is used as to transfer applie
d forces into much larger forces. This means that the wedges are the means of force transfer. This machine is very us
eful in the industries, and it has a wide application.

4. The normal force exerted by the surface of the wedge is normal to the surface of the ________

a) Base of the wedge

b) Base of the body residing over it
c) Base of the body just neighbour to the wedge
d) Earth’s surface
Answer: b
Explanation: As we know the normal forces act perpendicular to the surfaces of the body kept over the wedges. Thu
s the normal force exerted by the surface of the wedge is normal to the surface of the base of the body kept over the
wedge. The wedges are very useful in the industries, and it has a wide application.

5. Which one is not the condition for the equilibrium in free body diagram for calculation of the normal forces along
the body kept over the wedge, consider all forces to be straight and linear?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

6. The coefficient of friction between the body being slided over the wedge and the wedge surface is generally deter
mined by ____________

a) Written over the Body

b) Experiments
c) Weighing the body
d) Measuring length of the body
Answer: b
Explanation: The coefficient of the friction is generally determined by the help of experiments. Many experiments ar
e done on the body. Try and error methods are involved. And the final observations are being taken out. Then averag
e of all the final answers resulted in the experiments is done.
7. When does the two wedge system is termed as self-locking system?

a) If friction forces hold the block in plane

b) If friction forces doesn’t hold the block in plane
c) If friction forces hold the block in phase
d) If friction forces doesn’t hold the block in phase
Answer: a
Explanation: If friction forces hold the block in plane the two wedge system is termed as self-locking system. This is
generally the concept used to lift up the boxes and then it is also used to make the very heavy works easy. Thus the
wedges are very useful in the industries, and it has a wide application.

8. Determine the normal force at B in the wedge shown. Take the value of the coefficient of friction to be 0.3. Assu
me that the block doesn’t slip at C.

a) 2452 N
b) 215 KN
c) 3150 N
d) 415 KN
Answer: a
Explanation: The normal force at A is 2381 N. The normal force at B is 2452.5 N. The angle of the wedge over whic
h the block is being slided is generally taken out by the help of the tangent inverse trigonometric function. Thus the
answer.

9. In the free body diagrams involving the wedges we have use of vector math, so for two vectors A and B, what is
A.B (if they have angle α between them)?

a) |A||B| cosα
b) |A||B|
c) √(|A||B|) cosα
d) |A||B| sinα
Answer: a
Explanation: The dot product of the two vectors is always the product of the magnitudes of the two forces and the co
sine of the angle between them. We need to consider the triangle and then accordingly apply the trigonometry. This i
s one of the ways of resolving the components.

10. What is j.j?

a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) ∞
Answer: b
Explanation: As the dot product of only the same Cartesian component is unity, i.e. i.i = 1 and j.j =1, rest all remaini
ng dot product will give 0(i.j = 0 and j.k = 0). Cross product of the same plane vectors always give zero. And dot pro
duct of the same plane vector gives a scalar quantity.

11. Sometimes in the calculations involving the wedges, there are situations when there is a toppling effect on the bo
dy. In that, if the net moment of the body is zero that means the distance between the force and the rotational axis is
zero.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The net moment of the body is zero that doesn’t means that the distance between the force and the rotat
ional axis is zero. This means moments caused by different forces cancels out. If this happens there is no motion of t
he body along with any direction and hence the body is said to be in equilibrium.

12. In the simplification of the forces applied in the wedges net force acts at the ___________ of the loading body.

a) Centroid
b) The centre axis
c) The corner
d) The base
Answer: a
Explanation: In the simplification of the loading system the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body. That is
if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the loading
will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading.

13. Determine the minimum amount of the force P required to remove the wedge shown. Take the value of the coeff
icient of friction to be 0.3. Assume that the block doesn’t slip at C.

a) 1.15 KN
b) 2.15 KN
c) 3.15 KN
d) 4.15 KN
Answer: a
Explanation: The normal force at A is 2381 N. The normal force at B is 2452.5 N. The angle of the wedge over whic
h the block is being slided is generally taken out by the help of the tangent inverse trigonometric function. Thus the
answer.

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1. In general cases the screws are used as __________

a) Fasteners
b) Main components
c) Simpler
d) Upstreamers
Answer: a
Explanation: The screws are generally used as the fasteners. The main thing about the screws is that the friction help
s the holding of the structures. Also, screws help make the structure join fast and efficiently. Thus the name fastener
s.

2. Which type of the screws are used in the machines?

a) Square-threaded
b) Round-threaded
c) Helical-threaded
d) Rectangle-threaded
Answer: a
Explanation: The square threaded screws are used in the machines. As the screws are generally used as the fasteners.
The main thing about the screws is that the friction helps the holding of the structures. Also, screws help make the s
tructure join fast and efficiently.

3. Why are square threaded screws are used in the machines?

a) Large forces act along the axis of the screws
b) Small forces act along the axis of the screws
c) Large forces act perpendicular the axis of the screws
d) Small forces act perpendicular the axis of the screws
Answer: a
Explanation: The square threaded screws are used in the machines. As these screws are generally used as the fastene
rs. The main thing about these screws is that the friction helps the holding of the structures. Also, screws help make t
he structure join fast and efficiently. And in these screws forces act along the axis of screws.

4. The angle of the threading in the screw is determined by which of the following trigonometric function?

a) Tangent Inverse
b) Sine
c) Cosine
d) Secant
Answer: a
Explanation: The angle of the threading in the screw is determined by inverse tangent trigonometric function. This is
the generalized form of the function which is being used so as to get the value of the angle. In wedges, the same fun
ction is used so as to find the angle of a wedge.

5. In the determination of the angle of the screw, the ratio kept in the inverse tangent function is the ratio of _______
_

a) Vertical and Horizontal distance of the screw

b) Horizontal and Vertical distance of the screw
c) Vertical and Linear distance of the screw
d) Linear and Horizontal distance of the screw
Answer: a
Explanation: The angle of the threading in the screw is determined by inverse tangent trigonometric function. This is
the generalised form of the function which is being used so as to get the value of the angle. In wedges, the same fun
ction is used so as to find the angle of a wedge. And in both, the case the ratio is vertical is to horizontal.

6. The horizontal distance used in the inverse trigonometry function is called as _____________

a) Lead
b) Un-lead
c) Major
d) Cut-off
Answer: a
Explanation: The angle of the threading in the screw is determined by inverse tangent trigonometric function. This is
the generalized form of the function which is being used so as to get the value of the angle. In wedges, the same fun
ction is used so as to find the angle of a wedge. And thus the horizontal distance is called as lead.

7. In screws there is an application of two and three force members. The basic difference between the two and the th
ree force members used is ___________

a) The former is collinear and the latter is parallel

b) The former is parallel and the latter is perpendicular
c) The former is perpendicular and the latter is collinear
d) The former is acting on two points in the body while the latter is on three points
Answer: d
Explanation: The definition of the two force member only defines that the forces are being acted on the two points o
n the body. So does is the definition of the three forces members. The points of action of the three forces are three.
8. Determine the moment of the force along point P (There is screw present at P, about which the rotation is there).

a) 110Nm
b) 112.5Nm
c) 60Nm
d) 0Nm
Answer: b
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. We see that the perpendicular distance is 1.5 (3cos60). Thus we get the distance. And hence multiply it w
ith the force, 75×1.5. Because the force component perpendicular to the distance needs to be taken.

9. When we apply the equilibrium equations in the free body diagram of the screw, for two force members to be in e
quilibrium then _________

a) They both must not be collinear

b) They must be of different magnitude
c) They must be in the same direction
d) They must be in the opposite direction cancelling each other
Answer: d
Explanation: Simply, for the equilibrium the net force must be zero. That is the forces must be collinear if equilibriu
m is to be established. And they must be in the opposite directions. They also must be of the same magnitude, cancel
ling each other.

10. Which of the following statement for the three force system applied in the screws is true?

a) The moment need not to be seen for the equilibrium, they are always in equilibrium
b) The forces are not always in the equilibrium
c) The forces are always in equilibrium
d) The moments are always in equilibrium
Answer: b
Explanation: The forces in the three force system are not always in the equilibrium. The equilibrium is established w
hen the forces cancel out each other. Also when the net moment is zero. Then only the equilibrium is established in t
he three force system.

11. Which of the following is correct for a screw being rotated?

a) The couple moment depends on the axis of rotation

b) The couple moment depends directly on the radius vector of forces
c) The couple moment depends only on the distance vector between the forces
d) The couple moment’s direction is given by the left hand rule
Answer: c
Explanation: The couple moment depends only on the distance vector between the forces. The radius vector of the fo
rces are not making the couple depended over it. But the distance vector is driven by subtracting the radius vectors o
f the forces. This means that moment of the couple doesn’t directly depend on the radius vector of forces.

12. If the forces acting on the couple acting on the screw are in the same direction, that is they are not in the opposite
direction as always they are, then?

a) The direction of the forces doesn’t determine the moment

b) The couple moment will be maximum
c) The couple is not possible
d) No change occurs
Answer: c
Explanation: The forces are always in the opposite direction for the couple moment. But if they don’t act like the sa
me that is they change their directions and align themselves in the same direction then the couple is not possible.

13. For equilibrium, the net force acting on the screw is zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The equilibrium is only attained if the net force on the body tends to be equal to zero. Thus the forces c
ancel out. If this happens there is no motion of the body along with any direction and hence the body is said to be in
equilibrium. The body here is a rigid body.

14. In the screw collinear forces act, what is a collinear system of forces?

a) The force system having all the forces parallel to each other
b) The force system having all the forces perpendicular to each other
c) The force system having all the forces emerging from a single point
d) Forces cannot form a collinear system of forces, it is not possible
Answer: c
Explanation: The force system having all the forces emerging from a point is called the collinear system of force. Th
is is a type of system of the force, which is easy in the simplification. This is because as the forces are the vector qua
ntity, the vector math is applied and the simplification is done.

15. Determine the smallest force applied at R which creates the same moment about P as by 75N. (There is a presenc
e of screw at P, about which the rotation is being there)

a) 37.5N
b) 112.5N
c) 60N
d) 0N
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. We see that the perpendicular distance is 3m. Thus we get the distance. And hence multiply it with the fo
rce, the moment = 112.5Nm. Because the force component perpendicular to the distance needs to be taken.

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1. ____________ is the phenomena that resist the movement of the two surfaces in contact, in some of the cases it c
ould be the belts and the rolling cylinders.

a) Friction
b) Motion
c) Circular movement
d) Rotation
Answer: a
Explanation: The friction is the phenomena that define that there is a resistance which is present there between the t
wo surfaces. The two surfaces are in contact and the friction applies at that surface only, resisting the motion of the s
urface.

2. The frictional force in the belts always acts ____________ to the surface of the application of the friction.

a) Tangential
b) Perpendicular
c) Parallel
d) Normal
Answer: a
Explanation: The friction is the phenomena that defines that there is a resistance which is present there between the t
wo surfaces. This friction is applied tangentially to the surfaces in contact. Thus the main thing is that the forces on
both of the surfaces act as a tangential to each other.

3. Vector shown in the figure below has a length of 3m and the angles shown A and B are 60 and 30 degrees each. C
alculate the X-axis and Y-axis components.

a) 2.59m and 1.50m respectively

b) 1.50m and 2.59m respectively
c) 3cos60 and 3sin30 respectively
d) 3sin60 and 3sin30 respectively
Answer: a
Explanation: The sine and the cosine components of the given vectors considering angle B as the only angle of consi
deration come 1.5m and 2.59m.

4. What is B in the equation T2 = T1eµB ?

a) Angle of the belt to surface contact in radians

b) Angle of the belt to surface contact in degrees
c) Angle of the belt in radians
d) Angle of the belt in degrees
Answer: a
Explanation: For solving of the unknown tension in the belts, T2 = T1eµB equation is used. In this, the R.H.S tensio
n is the maximum tension of the two tensions. While the other one is the smaller one. And the µ is coefficient of fric
tion between the belt and the surface. And the B is the angle of belt to the surface in radians.

5. Dry friction in the belt is also called ___________

a) Column Friction
b) Coulomb Friction
c) Dry column friction
d) Surface friction
Answer: b
Explanation: The dry friction is acted upon the surfaces. Whatever may be the surfaces. And they are tangential to ea
ch other. As we know the friction is the phenomena that defines that there is a resistance which is present there betw
een the two surfaces. The dry friction is also termed as the Coulomb friction as it was given by C.A. Coulomb.

6. For making the equilibrium equations for the belt the normal forces that are being acted over them are in which di
rection in the free body diagrams?

a) Vertically Upward
b) Vertically Downward
c) Horizontally Right
d) Horizontally Left
Answer: a
Explanation: As the loads are being acted in the downward direction. Thus to make the forces balance, the normal fo
rces act in the vertically upward direction. As we know that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the su
rfaces in contact, the dry friction occurs. This friction magnitude is taken out from these normal forces.

7. Which one is not the condition for the equilibrium in free body diagram for the belts as considered for calculation
of the normal forces, consider all forces to be straight and linear?
a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

8. We first make equilibrium equations of the belts by considering all the three dimensional forces acting on the sect
ion chosen and then the free body diagram is made and solved.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: We first make the free body diagram and then we make the equilibrium equations to satisfy the given c
onditions. This helps us to solve the question easily. As this reduces the part of imagination and increases accuracy t
oo.

9. We show the net forces acting on the belts with the help of __________ forces.

a) Rotational
b) Linear
c) Helical
d) Resultants
Answer: d
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. This is because the res
ultant forces have the sum of all the forces which are acting in the direction which is same. Thus the resultant forces
are used to show the net forces acting in the body.

10. There are mainly two types of forces which are being stated in the free body diagram of the belts, they are gener
ally the resultant forces which are being acted over the body over which the belt is rolling. Which are they?

a) Normal and Frictional

b) Normal and Vertical
c) Vertical and Frictional
d) Normal and Fractional
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

11. Determine the magnitude of the projection of the vector force F = 100N acting over a particular point on the belt,
onto the v axis, from the figure given below.

a) 96.6N
b) 60N
c) 100N
d) 70.7N
Answer: a
Explanation: The component of the force in the v axis, it is equal to 100cos(15˚). This is the application of the triang
le over the figure. Try to resolve the components of the given force. It will be easy. This is one of the simplest exam
ples of solving for the forces acting over the belts.

12. The solving for the unknown forces in the belts requires vector math. So if a vector is multiplied by a scalar in th
e belt system of forces then_________

a) Then its magnitude is increased by the square root of that scalar’s magnitude
b) Then its magnitude is increased by the square of that scalar’s magnitude
c) Then its magnitude is increased by an amount of that scalar’s magnitude
d) You cannot multiply the vector with a scalar
Answer: c
Explanation: If a vector is multiplied by a scalar then its magnitude is increased by an amount of that scalar’s magnit
ude. When multiplied by a negative scalar it going to change the directional sense of the vector. Vector math is unch
anged throughout.

13. All the vector quantities in the solving of the unknown in the belt force system obey _____________

a) Parallelogram law of addition

b) Parallelogram law of multiplication
c) Parallelogram law of addition of square root of their magnitudes
d) Parallelogram law of addition of square of their magnitudes
Answer: a
Explanation: All the vectors quantities obey parallelogram law of addition. Two vectors A and B (can be called as c
omponent vectors) are added to form a resultant vector. R = A+B.

14. For solving of the unknown tension in the belts, which of the following equation is used?

a) T2 = T1eµB
b) T1 = T2eµB
c) T2 = T1eB
d) T2 = T1eµ
Answer: a
Explanation: For solving of the unknown tension in the belts, T2 = T1eµB equation is used. In this, the R.H.S tensio
n is the maximum tension of the two tensions. While the other one is the smaller one. And the µ is coefficient of fric
tion between the belt and the surface.

15. Shown as in the figure below, A=60 degree and B=30 degree. Calculate the total length obtained by adding the x
-axis component of both the vectors.

a) 3.23m
b) 4.35m
c) 2.50m
d) 1.5m
Answer: a
Explanation: After getting the cosine components of the given vectors we obtain the total length of the x-axis compo
nents to be 3cos60 + 2cos30 = 3.23.

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1. The pivots are generally used in __________

a) Belts
b) Columns
c) Beams
d) Machines
Answer: d
Explanation: The pivots are being used in the machines. They are used as to support the loadings. This means that th
e more the pivots the more is the stable the structure. Thus the use of pivots.

2. Determine the moment about the point Q by the force shown as 400N.

a) -98.6kN
b) 98.6kN
c) -98.6iN
d) -98.6jN
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the force and the distance between the point of con
tact of the force and the point about which moment needs to be calculated. Thus forming the distance vector and the
n crossing it with the force will give us the answer. Remember force also needs to be in the vector form for doing th
e cross product.

3. The collar bearings are generally used in __________

a) Belts
b) Columns
c) Beams
d) Machines
Answer: d
Explanation: The collar bearings are being used in the machines. They are used as to support the loadings. This mea
ns that the more the collar bearings the more is the stable the structure. Thus the use of collar bearings.

4. The pivots and collar bearings are used as to support the axial load on the rotating shaft.

a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Explanation: The collar bearings and pivots are being used in the machines. They are used as to support the loadings
. This means that the more the collar bearings or pivots more is the stable the structure. Thus used as a supporting sy
stem to the shafts.

5. A phenomena is there in these collar bearings and pivots, which is very helpful in the supporting of the machines,
and that is _____________

a) Column Friction
b) Coulomb Friction
c) Dry column friction
d) Surface friction
Answer: b
Explanation: The dry friction is acted upon the surfaces. And they are tangential to each other. As we know the fricti
on is the phenomena that defines that there is a resistance which is present there between the two surfaces. This Coul
omb friction is also known as dry friction.

6. At what conditions does the Coulomb friction occur between the surfaces in contact of collar bearings or pivots?

a) When there is no lubricating fluid

b) When there is no friction fluid
c) When there is no adhesive fluid
d) When there is no cohesive fluid
Answer: a
Explanation: When there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfaces in contact, the dry friction occurs. Thus
as the name suggests dry friction. When there is no liquid present over there the surfaces are going to be said dry on
ly. Thus the term dry friction.

7. We first make equilibrium equations of the sections involving the collar bearings or pivots by considering all the t
hree dimensional forces acting on the section chosen and then the free body diagram is made and solved.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: We first make the free body diagram of collar bearings or pivots and then we make the equilibrium equ
ations to satisfy the given conditions. This helps us to solve the question easily. As this reduces the part of imaginati
on and increases accuracy too.

8. To know the rotations involved in the disks we use right handed coordinate system, in that system which of the fo
llowing is followed (consider the mentioned axis to be positive)?

a) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to y-axis

b) Thumb is x-axis, fingers curled from z-axis to y-axis
c) Thumb is y-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to z-axis
d) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from y-axis to x-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: As right handed coordinate system means that you are curling your fingers from positive x-axis toward
s y-axis and the thumb which is projected is pointed to the positive z-axis. Thus visualizing the same and knowing th
e basic members of the axis will not create many problems.

9. In the calculations involving the collar bearings and the pivot bearings, we use cross product. In that mathematical
ly, for two vectors A and B of any magnitude, the cross product of both, i.e. AxB = given by:

a) |A||B|sinØ
b) |A||B|
c) |A||B|cosØ
d) |A||B|sin(180°+Ø)
Answer: a
Explanation: The cross product of two vectors gives a vector which is perpendicular to both of the vectors. And the
mathematic equation for the same is given by: |A||B|sinØ. And the dot product of the same by any of the other two v
ectors will give the answer zero, as perpendicular. The cross product is the same for all the systems of its application
.

10. In the calculations of the bearings, we often use vector math. So for those systems which of the following is true
?

a) i x i =1
b) j x i = -j
c) k x j = -i
d) k x k = 1
Answer: c
Explanation: As the mathematic equation for the cross product is having a cosine function in it, in which the angle u
sed in the function is the angle between the vectors. Thus the cross product will be zero if the angle between them is
90. The vector math system remains the same for every system in the environment.
11. The moment is the cross product of which two vectors in the calculations of the pivots and disks?

a) Force and Radius vectors

b) Radius and Force vectors
c) Force and Radius scalars
d) Radius and Force scalars
Answer: b
Explanation: The cross product needs to take in the proper sequence. If not taken then the answer is just the opposite
of the true answer. That’s why, the answer is not the Force and Radius vectors, but the Radius and Force vectors. B
ecause the moment has its direction, as many of the cross products have, and thus precaution needs to be taken.

12. Principle of transmissibility is somehow applied to the collar bearings. It states that:

a) It states that the force acting on the body is a sliding vector

b) It states that the force acting on the body is a rolling vector
c) It states that the force acting on the body is a wedging vector
d) It states that the force acting on the body is a unit vector
Answer: a
Explanation: Principle of transmissibility states that the force acting on the body is a sliding vector. That is it can be
applied at any point of the body. It will give the same effect as if applied at any point other that the specific point. T
hus the answer.

13. Coplanar forces are not easily simplified in the simplification of the force and couple system in the calculations
of forces in the pivots and collar bearings.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The coplanar forces can be easily simplified in the simplification of the force and couple system. This i
s not only for the coplanar system of the forces but for any of the dimension vector. Which means the answer is false
.

14. Determine the moment about the point P.

a) 460Nm
b) 500Nm
c) 705Nm
d) 0Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the force and the distance between the point of con
tact of the force and the point about which moment needs to be calculated. Thus forming the distance vector and the
n crossing it with the force will give us the answer. Remember force also needs to be in the vector form for doing th
e cross product.

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1. The journal bearings are generally used in __________

a) Belts
b) Columns
c) Beams
d) Supports
Answer: d
Explanation: The journal bearings are being used in the supports. They are used as to support the loadings. This mea
ns that the more the bearings the more is the stable the structure. Thus the use of journal bearings.

2. At what conditions does the Coulomb friction occur between the surfaces in contact of journal bearing?

a) When there is no lubricating fluid

b) When there is no friction fluid
c) When there is no adhesive fluid
d) When there is no cohesive fluid
Answer: a
Explanation: When there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfaces in contact, the dry friction occurs. Thus
as the name suggests dry friction. When there is no liquid present over there the surfaces are going to be said dry on
ly. Thus the term dry friction.

3. Determine the moment about the point Q by the force shown as 400N.

a) -98.6kN
b) 98.6kN
c) -98.6iN
d) -98.6jN
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the force and the distance between the point of con
tact of the force and the point about which moment needs to be calculated. Thus forming the distance vector and the
n crossing it with the force will give us the answer. Remember force also needs to be in the vector form for doing th
e cross product.

4. We first make equilibrium equations of the sections involving the journal bearings by considering all the three di
mensional forces acting on the section chosen and then the free body diagram is made and solved.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: We first make the free body diagram of journal bearings and then we make the equilibrium equations t
o satisfy the given conditions. This helps us to solve the question easily. As this reduces the part of imagination and
increases accuracy too.

5. To know the rotations involved in the journal bearings we use right handed coordinate system, in that system whi
ch of the following is followed (consider the mentioned axis to be positive)?

a) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to y-axis

b) Thumb is x-axis, fingers curled from z-axis to y-axis
c) Thumb is y-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to z-axis
d) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from y-axis to x-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: As right handed coordinate system means that you are curling your fingers from positive x-axis toward
s y-axis and the thumb which is projected is pointed to the positive z-axis. Thus visualizing the same and knowing th
e basic members of the axis will not create many problems.

6. The moment is the cross product of which two vectors in the calculations of the journal bearings?

a) Force and Radius vectors

b) Radius and Force vectors
c) Force and Radius scalars
d) Radius and Force scalars
Answer: b
Explanation: The cross product needs to take in the proper sequence. If not taken then the answer is just the opposite
of the true answer. That’s why, the answer is not the Force and Radius vectors, but the Radius and Force vectors. B
ecause the moment has its direction, as many of the cross products have, and thus precaution needs to be taken.

7. The basic type of motion of a body is not the translation motion only.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The basic types of the motion of the body are translation and rotational. In which translation means the
motion is a straight motion while the in the rotational motion the body is moving of the body along the axis. The piv
ots do a circular motion.

8. Determine the moment about the point P.

a) 460Nm
b) 500Nm
c) 705Nm
d) 0Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the force and the distance between the point of con
tact of the force and the point about which moment needs to be calculated. Thus forming the distance vector and the
n crossing it with the force will give us the answer. Remember force also needs to be in the vector form for doing th
e cross product.

9. Sometime the principle of transmissibility is somehow applied to journal bearings. It states that:

a) It states that the force acting on the body is a sliding vector

b) It states that the force acting on the body is a rolling vector
c) It states that the force acting on the body is a wedging vector
d) It states that the force acting on the body is a unit vector
Answer: a
Explanation: Principle of transmissibility states that the force acting on the body is a sliding vector. That is it can be
applied at any point of the body. It will give the same effect as if applied at any point other that the specific point. T
hus the answer.

10. Coplanar forces are not easily simplified in the simplification of the force and couple system in the calculations
of forces in the journal bearings.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The coplanar forces can be easily simplified in the simplification of the force and couple system. This i
s not only for the coplanar system of the forces but for any of the dimension vector. Which means the answer is false
.

11. There are some of the applications of the two force and three force members in the journal bearings. The differen
ce between the two and the three force members is:

a) The former is collinear and the latter is parallel

b) The former is parallel and the latter is perpendicular
c) The former is perpendicular and the latter is collinear
d) The former is acting on two points in the body while the latter is on three points
Answer: d
Explanation: The definition of the two force member only defines that the forces are being acted on the two points o
n the body. So does is the definition of the three forces members. The points of action of the three forces are three.

12. Which of the following is true for the determination of the rotational effect of the bearings?

a) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be positive then the rotation along the counter clockwise direction
is negative
b) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be negative then the rotation along the counter clockwise directio
n is also negative as no such assumptions can be taken
c) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be positive then the rotation along the counter clockwise direction
is also positive as no such assumptions can be taken
d) If we are considering the clockwise direction to be negative then the rotation along the counter clockwise directio
n is neither positive nor negative as we only pre assumed the clockwise direction
Answer: a
Explanation: We can take such assumptions. We are free to do so. We just need to specify if clockwise is positive th
en the counter clockwise is to be negative. Also such an assumption are very useful in the 2D calculation of the mo
ments caused by various forces on the body.

13. The doors are having hinges to support them. This hinge is too a type of bearing or is a Device which is using th
e effect like bearing to support. So, if you are opening the door, then the force you apply is greater if you open it fro
m the part closer to the hinges.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: As the moment is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance of the point of action and the
axis, thus more the distance more will be the moment. And hence to overcome that you have to apply more energy.
Thus the answer.

14. Which of the following is true for the bearing’s body?

a) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the vector sum of all moments in 3D
b) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the algebraic sum of all moments in 3D
c) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is always zero in any dimension
d) Total moment of various forces acting on the body is the vector sum of all moments which is perpendicular to eac
h other forces whatever be the dimensions
Answer: a
Explanation: When we consider about the dimensions we need to be careful. The moment is the vector quantity. Thu
s the value of the total moment caused by various forces acting on the body is the vector sum of all the vectors. Also
, the moments are not perpendicular to each other unless it is specified.

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1. What does the moment of the force measured in the rolling of the body?

a) The tendency of rotation of the body along any axis

b) The moment of inertia of the body about any axis
c) The couple moment produce by the single force acting on the body
d) The total work done on the body by the force
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of the force measures the tendency of the rotation of the body along any axis, whether it b
e the centroid axis of the body, or any of the outside axis. The couple moment is produced by two forces, not by a si
ngle force. The total work done is the dot product of force and distance not the cross.

2. Determine the vertical force acting in the given figure.

a) 236N
b) 600n
c) 403N
d) 830N
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

3. If a car is moving forward, what is the direction of the moment of the moment caused by the rolling of the tires, as
sume non slippery surface?

a) It is heading inwards, i.e. the direction is towards inside of the car

b) It is heading outwards, i.e. the direction is towards outside of the car
c) It is heading forward, i.e. the direction is towards the forward direction of the motion of the car
d) It is heading backward, i.e. the direction is towards back side of the motion of the car
Answer: a
Explanation: When you curl your wrist in the direction in which the tires are moving then you will find that the thu
mb is pointing outwards. That is outwards the body of the car. This phenomenon is also observed in rainy seasons.
When cars travel on the roads, the water is thrown outside from the tires, due to moment.

4. The moment of the force is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance of the axis and the point of acti
on of the force. Is this also true for rolling?

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment is the product of the force applied to the body and the perpendicular distance of the point
of action of the force to the axis about which the body is being rotated. That is the moment is the cross product of th
e force and the distance between the axis and the point of action. Yes, this is also true for rolling.

5. For the rolling of the body the calculation of the moment of the force about the axis of rolling, the cross product ta
ble, i.e. the 3X3 matrix which is made for doing the cross product having 3 rows, contains three elements. Which are
they from top to bottom?

a) Axis coordinates, point coordinates, and the force coordinates

b) Point coordinates, axis coordinates, and the force coordinates
c) Axis coordinates, force coordinates, and the point coordinates
d) Force coordinates, point coordinates, and the axis coordinates
Answer: a
Explanation: The 3X3 matrix which is being made is having axis coordinates, point coordinates and the force coordi
nates. They are from top to bottom place. The order cannot be changed. Or if changed then one needs to apply the ne
gative sign appropriately. Negative because the directions get reversed.

6. Find the moment of the force about the point R.

a) 5000Nm
b) 5550Nm
c) 6000Nm
d) 7000Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. We see that the perpendicular distance is 5m. Thus we get the distance. And hence multiply it with the fo
rce, 5x2000xsin30. Because the force component perpendicular to the distance needs to be taken.

7. In rolling, there is the involvement of the vector math. So for rolling which of the following is correct? (For A rep
resenting the vector representation of the axis of rotation, r the radius vector and F the force vector)

a) A.(rxF)
b) Ax(rxF)
c) A.(r.F)
d) Fx(r.F)
Answer: a
Explanation: The correct form of the equation is given by A.(rxF). Where A represents the vector representation of t
he axis of rotation, r the radius vector and F the force vector. This is usually done for determining the moment of the
force about the axis. That is if the body is being rotated by the force about an axis.

8. The ___________ forces do not cause the rotation/rolling of the body if the rotation is considered in about the axi
s of the body or the centroid axis of the body.

a) Non-concurrent
b) Concurrent
c) Parallel
d) Non-Parallel
Answer: b
Explanation: The concurrent forces are the which are somewhere touching the axis of rotation. If any of the force is t
ouching that axis, that force is not considered or is insufficient to cause a rotation. If a force is concurrent then the pe
rpendicular distance of the force from the line of axis is zero, thus no rotation. As we know rotation is caused by a m
oment.

9. For the rolling of the body right handed coordinate system means (consider the mentioned axis to be positive)?

a) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to y-axis

b) Thumb is x-axis, fingers curled from z-axis to y-axis
c) Thumb is y-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to z-axis
d) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from y-axis to x-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: As right handed coordinate system means that you are curling your fingers from positive x-axis toward
s y-axis and the thumb which is projected is pointed to the positive z-axis. Thus visualizing the same and knowing th
e basic members of axis will not create many problems. The right handed coordinate system is universal throughout.

10. In the equation Wa/r generally used in the rolling frictional calculations, what does each stands for?

a) P is the force, W is weight of the body, r radius and a coefficient of rolling friction all in normal powers
b) P is the force in nano Newton, W is weight of the body, r radius and a coefficient of rolling friction
c) P is the force, W is weight of the body in kg, r radius and a coefficient of rolling friction
d) P is the force, W is weight of the body, r radius cm and a coefficient of rolling friction
Answer: a
Explanation: The rolling of the cylinder is termed as perfect rolling only when the cylinder is rolling at a constant ve
locity. Also, the rolling should be along the rigid surface. The normal forces are acting perpendicular to the surface o
f the rolling. And for rolling equation, Wa/r is generally used.
11. Which statement is correct about the vector F acting parallel to the direction of the motion of the rolling body?

a) F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fcosγ

b) F= Fsin β + Fcos α + Fcosγ
c) F= Fcos β + Fsin α + Fcosγ
d) F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fsinγ
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know the α, β and γ are the angles made by the x, y and z-axis respectively. Thus, is the magnitu
de of the vector is F, the F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fcosγ. Which means the force is the resultant of all its axis’ compone
nts. The force driving the rolling motion of the body can be divided like this.

12. What if the moment of the force calculated about the axis of rolling is negative?

a) It means that the force is applied in the opposite direction as imagined

b) It means that the direction of the motion is in the opposite sense as imagined
c) It means that the radius vector is in the opposite sense as imagined
d) Such calculation means that the calculations are wrongly done
Answer: b
Explanation: It means that the direction of the rolling is in the opposite sense as imagined. We can’t say about the di
rection of the force or the direction of the radius vector. But yes we can say about the direction of the rolling as it is t
he thing which is going to be calculated. Rest all the parts are fixed. They can’t be altered.

13. In the equation A.(rxF) the r is heading from ______________ and ending at _____________

a) Axis of rolling, Force vector

b) Axis of rolling, Force vector’s point of action on the body
c) Force vector, Axis of rolling
d) Force vector’s point of action on the body, Axis of rolling
Answer: b
Explanation: It is the radius vector. The radius vector is always from the axis of rolling to the point of action of the f
orce on the body. Which means that the radius vector is not on any point on the force vector. Rather it ending at the
point on the force vector, where it is being in contact of the body.

14. Rotation is termed as rolling when _______

a) Constant velocity of rolling

b) Variable velocity of rolling
c) Constant speed of rolling
d) Variable speed of rolling
Answer: a
Explanation: The rolling of the cylinder is termed as perfect rolling only when the cylinder is rolling at a constant ve
locity. Also, the rolling should be along the rigid surface. The normal forces are acting perpendicular to the surface o
f the rolling.

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1. A body is consisted of __________ number of particles.

a) Infinite
b) Finite
c) Hundreds
d) Thousands
Answer: a
Explanation: The various bodies are composed of an infinite number of particles. They are very small in size. They c
an’t be seen by our naked eyes. Thus the number of particles is not thousands nor hundreds. But it is uncountable.

2. A body’s all small particles have a small weight which is being applied by them to the body, which adds up to the
total weight of the body.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The weight of the body is the sum of all the small weights that are been applied by all the particles. The
smaller the particle the smaller the weight it applies. Thus the total weight of the body is the summation of all the in
finite number of small weights applied to the body.

3. The all small weights that are being applied by all the infinite particles of the body act __________ to each other.

a) Parallel
b) Perpendicular
c) Collinear
d) Divergent
Answer: a
Explanation: All the small weights that are being applied by all the particles are being applied by them parallel to the
mselves. Thus the parallel is the right answer. Thus the total sum of all these small weights adds up to the total weig
ht of the body.

4. The total of all the weights of small particles adds up to give the total body weight. This weight is the force vector
which is being passed by ________

a) Axis of rotation
b) Axis of rolling
c) Centre of Gravity
d) Centre of mass
Answer: c
Explanation: The total body weight always passes through the centre of gravity. All the forces are parallel is the righ
t answer. Thus the total sum of all these small weights add up to the total weight of the body. Which passes through
the centre of gravity.

5. The centre of gravity is the ratio of ________ to _________

a) The product of centroid and weight to the total weight

b) The addition of centroid and weight to the total weight
c) The subtraction of centroid and weight to the total weight
d) The product of centroid and weight to the total mass
Answer: a
Explanation: The product of the centroid of the section to its weight to the total weight of the body is the centre of gr
avity. Thus the answer. The ratio is generally used to locate the coordinate of the centroid or the centre of gravity.

6. The x axis coordinate and the y axis coordinate of the centre of gravity are having different types of calculations t
o calculate them.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The calculation is general to all the axis of the coordinate system. This means that the calculations are
generalised for all the axis. And it is the product of the centroid of the section to its mass to the total weight of the bo
dy is the centre of gravity.

7. The centre of mass is the ratio of ________ to _________

a) The product of centroid and mass to the total weight

b) The addition of centroid and weight to the total weight
c) The subtraction of centroid and weight to the total weight
d) The product of centroid and mass to the total mass
Answer: d
Explanation: The product of the centroid of the section to its mass to the total mass of the body is the centre of mass.
Thus the answer. The ratio is generally used to locate the coordinate of the centroid or the centre of mass.

8. The centre of volume is the ratio of ________ to _________

a) The product of centroid and mass to the total weight

b) The addition of centroid and weight to the total weight
c) The subtraction of centroid and volume to the total weight
d) The product of centroid and volume to the total volume
Answer: d
Explanation: The product of the centroid of the section to its volume to the total volume of the body is the centre of
volume. Thus the answer. The ratio is generally used to locate the coordinate of the centroid or the centre of volume.

9. Determine the y coordinate of centroid of the line in the shape of parabola as shown.

a) 0.514m
b) 1.410m
c) 2.410m
d) 0.10m
Answer: a
Explanation: The weight of the body is the sum of all the small weights that are been applied by all the particles. The
smaller the particle the smaller the weight it applies. Thus the total weight of the body is the summation of all the in
finite number of small weights applied to the body.

10. Volume is best given by ___________

a) Product of mass and density

b) Ratio of mass to density
c) Addition of mass and density
d) Subtraction of mass and density
Answer: b
Explanation: The density is the ration of the mass to the volume of the body. Thus arranging them and the volume is
said to be a ratio of mass to density. This equation is generally used in the calculations of the centroid of the body or
the centre of gravity.

11. We use sometimes the measures to know the direction of moment. It is done by right handed coordinate system.
Which is right about it(consider the mentioned axis to be positive)?

a) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to y-axis

b) Thumb is x-axis, fingers curled from z-axis to y-axis
c) Thumb is y-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to z-axis
d) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from y-axis to x-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: As right handed coordinate system means that you are curling your fingers from positive x-axis toward
s y-axis and the thumb which is projected is pointed to the positive z-axis. Thus visualizing the same and knowing th
e basic members of axis will not create many problems.

12. If A is any vector with Ai + Bj + Ck then what is the y-axis component of the vector if we are using the vector m
ath to calculate the centre of gravity?

a) B units
b) A units
c) C units
d) Square root of a sum of squares of the three, i.e. A, B and C
Answer: a
Explanation: As the given vector is shown in the Cartesian system, the number with “j” is the Y-axis component of t
he given vector. With the numbers with “i” representing components of x-axis and “k” representing the z axis respec
tively.

13. If the force vector F acting along the centre of gravity is having its x-axis component being equal to Z N, y-axis
component be X N and z-axis component be Y N then vector F is best represented by?

a) Xi + Yj + Zk
b) Yi + Xj + Zk
c) Zi + Yj + Xk
d) Zi + Xj + Yk
Answer: d
Explanation: It is given that x, y and z-axis components are Z, X and Y respectively. Thus, just by placing the right c
oordinates we get option d to be correct. Here just the interchange of the axis’s represented with their respective axis
is creating confusion. Which must be figured out.

14. Which statement is right for force acting by the small particles of the body having it’s vector form as = Ai + Bj +
Ck?

a) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Ai + Bj + Ck

b) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Ax + By + Cz
c) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Fx + Fy + Fz
d) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Fi + Fj + Fk
Answer: c
Explanation: As given the vector is F = Ai + Bj + Ck, this implies that the x, y and z-axis components of this vector i
s A, B and C respectively. But, in rectangular components representation of any vector, the vector is written as F = F
x + Fy + Fz.

15. Determine the x coordinate of centroid of the line in the shape of a parabola as shown.

a) 0.410m
b) 1.410m
c) 2.410m
d) 0.10m
Answer: a
Explanation: The weight of the body is the sum of all the small weights that are been applied by all the particles. The
smaller the particle the smaller the weight it applies. Thus the total weight of the body is the summation of all the in
finite number of small weights applied to the body.

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1. Mass is best given by _______

a) Product of volume and density
b) Ratio of mass to density
c) Addition of mass and density
d) Subtraction of mass and density
Answer: b
Explanation: The density is the ration of the mass to the volume of the body. Thus arranging them and the volume is
said to be as ratio of mass to density. This equation is generally used in the calculations of the centroid of the body
or the centre of mass.

2. We use sometimes the measures to know the direction of moment in the calculations of the centre of mass. It is do
ne by right handed coordinate system. Which is right about it(consider the mentioned axis to be positive)?

a) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to y-axis

b) Thumb is x-axis, fingers curled from z-axis to y-axis
c) Thumb is y-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to z-axis
d) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from y-axis to x-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: As right handed coordinate system means that you are curling your fingers from positive x-axis toward
s y-axis and the thumb which is projected is pointed to the positive z-axis. Thus visualizing the same and knowing th
e basic members of axis will not create much problem.

3. The total of all the masses of small particles adds up to give the total body mass. This mass lies along with gravity
gives a force vector which is being passed by ________

a) Axis of rotation
b) Axis of rolling
c) Centre of Gravity
d) Centre of mass
Answer: c
Explanation: The total body mass along with the product of gravity always passes through the centre of gravity. All t
he forces are parallel is the right answer. Thus the total sum of all these small weights add up to the total weight of t
he body. Which passes through the centre of gravity.

4. The all small masses that are being applied by all the infinite particles of the body act __________ to each other.

a) Parallel
b) Perpendicular
c) Collinear
d) Divergent
Answer: a
Explanation: All the small masses that are being applied by all the particles are being applied by them parallel to the
mselves. Thus the parallel is the right answer. Thus the total sum of all these small weights add up to the total weigh
t of the body.

5. A body’s all small particles have a small mass which is being applied by them to the body, which adds up to the t
otal mass of the body.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The weight of the body is the sum of the all the small masses that are been applied by all the particles.
The smaller the particle the smaller the mass it applies. Thus the total mass of the body is the summation of all the in
finite number of small masses applied to the body.
6. What is not the condition for the equilibrium in calculations involved in the determination of the centre of mass?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

7. We first make equilibrium equations of the body by considering all the three dimensional forces and then the free
body diagram is made and then equations are made to be applied so as to calculate the centre of mass.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: We first make the free body diagram and then we make the equilibrium equations to satisfy the given c
onditions. This helps us to solve the question easily. As this reduces the part of imagination and increases accuracy t
oo.

8. If solving the question in 3D calculations is difficult, then use the 2D system and then equate the ratio of the prod
uct of the centroid of the section to its mass to the total mass of the body to the centre of mass.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The answer is obviously yes. If we are having any difficulty in making the vector components, then we
can go in 2D. As if the particle is in equilibrium, the net force will be zero. No matter where you see first. Net force
is zero.

9. Determine the y coordinate of centroid of the wire in the shape of circle as shown.

a) 2R/π
b) 2/π
c) 2R/3
d) 2R/5
Answer: a
Explanation: The weight of the body is the sum of all the small weights that are been applied by all the particles. The
smaller the particle the smaller the weight it applies. Thus the total weight of the body is the summation of all the in
finite number of small weights applied to the body.

10. One of the use of the centre of mass or centroid is as in the simplification of the loading system the net force acts
at the ___________ of the loading body.

a) Centroid
b) The centre axis
c) The corner
d) The base
Answer: a
Explanation: In the simplification of the loading system the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body. That is
if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then the at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the load
ing will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading.
11. The body is sometimes acted by two or three force members. The difference between the two and the three force
members is ________________

a) The former is collinear and the latter is parallel

b) The former is parallel and the latter is perpendicular
c) The former is perpendicular and the latter is collinear
d) The former is acting on two points in the body while the latter is on three points
Answer: d
Explanation: The definition of the two force member only defines that the forces are being acted on the two points o
n the body. So does is the definition of the three forces members. The points of action of the three forces are three.

12. Determine the x coordinate of centroid of the wire in the shape of circle as shown.

a) 2R/π
b) 2/π
c) 2R/3
d) 2R/5
Answer: a
Explanation: The weight of the body is the sum of the all the small weights that are been applied by all the particles.
The smaller the particle the smaller the weight it applies. Thus the total weight of the body is the summation of all th
e infinite number of small weights applied to the body.

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1. Density is best given by _______

a) Product of volume and density

b) Ratio of mass to Volume
c) Addition of mass and density
d) Subtraction of mass and density
Answer: b
Explanation: The density is the ratio of the mass to the volume of the body. Thus arranging them and the volume is s
aid to be a the ratio of mass to density. This equation is generally used in the calculations of the centroid of the body.

2. If solving the question in 3D calculations is difficult, then use the 2D system and then equate the ratio of the prod
uct of the centroid of the section to its mass to the total mass of the body to the centroid.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is obviously no. Still, if we are having any difficulty in making the vector components, the
n we can go in 2D. As if the particle is in equilibrium, the net force will be zero. No matter where you see first. Net f
orce is zero. But the statement here is not correct about the centroid.

3. One of the uses of the centroid is as in the simplification of the loading system the net force acts at the _________
__ of the loading body.

a) Centroid
b) The centre axis
c) The corner
d) The base
Answer: a
Explanation: In the simplification of the loading system the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body. That is
if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then the at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the load
ing will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading.

4. The use of centroid comes in picture as if the non-Uniform loading is of the type of parabola then what will be the
best suited answer among the following?

a) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
b) The net force will act the centre of the parabola
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola
Answer: d
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force. Thus the use of centroid.

5. The x axis coordinate and the y axis coordinate of the centroid are having different types of calculations to calcula
te them.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The calculation is general to all the axis of the coordinate system. This means that the calculations are
generalised for all the axis. All the axis are given the same priority. Thus no change in calculations.

6. The centre of ____________ is the ratio of the product of centroid and volume to the total volume.

a) Centroid axis
b) Density
c) Mass
d) Volume
Answer: d
Explanation: The product of the centroid of the section to its volume to the total volume of the body is the centre of
volume. Thus the answer. The ratio is generally used to locate the coordinate of the centroid or the centre of volume.

7. If the force vector F acting along the centroid is having its x-axis component being equal to Z N, y-axis componen
t be X N and z-axis component be Y N then vector F is best represented by?

a) Xi + Yj + Zk
b) Yi + Xj + Zk
c) Zi + Yj + Xk
d) Zi + Xj + Yk
Answer: d
Explanation: It is given that x, y and z-axis components are Z, X and Y respectively. Thus, just by placing the right c
oordinates we get option d to be correct. Here just the interchange of the axis’s representor with their respective axis
is creating confusion. Which must be figured out.

8. Centroid of a body does depends upon the small weights of tiny particles. Which statement is right for force actin
g by the small particles of the body having it’s vector form as = Ai + Bj + Ck?

a) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Ai + Bj + Ck

b) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Ax + By + Cz
c) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Fx + Fy + Fz
d) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Fi + Fj + Fk
Answer: c
Explanation: As given the vector is F = Ai + Bj + Ck, this implies that the x ,y and z-axis components of this vector i
s A, B and C respectively. But, in rectangular components representation of any vector, the vector is written as F = F
x + Fy + Fz.

9. Centroid determination involves the calculations of various forces. In that forces are having various properties. Th
at is force is developed by a support that not allows the ________ of its attached member.

a) Translation
b) Rotation
c) Addition
d) Subtraction
Answer: a
Explanation: The force developed by a support doesn’t allow the translation of its attached member. This is the basic
condition for the equilibrium of the forces in any dimension. This rule is applied when the support reactions are take
n into the account for the equilibrium of the body.

10. Determine the y coordinate of centroid of the area in the shape of circle as shown.

a) 4R/π
b) 2/π
c) 2R/3
d) 2R/5
Answer: a
Explanation: The weight of the body is the sum of the all the small weights that are been applied by all the particles.
The smaller the particle the smaller the weight it applies. Thus the total weight of the body is the summation of all th
e infinite number of small weights applied to the body.

11. What is not the condition for the equilibrium for the calculations used for the determination of the centroid in thr
ee dimensional system of axis?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

12. Determine the x coordinate of centroid of the area in the shape of circle as shown.

a) 4R/π
b) 2/π
c) 2R/3
d) 2R/5
Answer: a
Explanation: The weight of the body is the sum of all the small weights that are been applied by all the particles. The
smaller the particle the smaller the weight it applies. Thus the total weight of the body is the summation of all the in
finite number of small weights applied to the body.

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1. A ______________ body consists of a series of connected “simpler” shaped bodies.

a) Composite
b) Non-composite
c) Digital
d) Binary
Answer: a
Explanation: A composite body consists of a series of connected simpler shaped bodies. That is the body is having t
wo material as it’s constitutes. The main thing is that the single material is having the properties of two different mat
erials.

2. Composite materials are of no use for the chemical engineers.

a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Explanation: The composite materials are of much importance to the chemical engineer. This means that the compos
ite materials are variedly used in the chemical industries. It can be used in the bridges made for the pipelines, etc.

3. The composite materials are lighter than their constituent material.

a) False
b) True
Answer: b
Explanation: Yes the composite materials are lighter than the constituent material. This means that the density of the
former is lighter than the latter. Thus imparting many qualities to the materials. Thus the material can be used varie
dly.

4. Composite materials can be of __________ shapes.

a) Any
b) Circular only
c) Rectangular only
d) Oval only
Answer: a
Explanation: The composite materials can be of any shape. This means that the shape of the material can be varied.
Thus any shape can be imparted to the composite materials and then be used in the industries variedly.

5. Two of the things of the composite materials are to be known so that their properties can be varied. Which of the f
ollowing is one of them?

a) Weight of the centre of gravity

b) Weight of the centre of body
c) Location of the centre of gravity
d) Location of the centre of mass
Answer: c
Explanation: The centre of the gravity’s location and the weight of the composite body is needed to be known. This
means that if both of the quantities of the composite body is known then the properties of the body can be altered. T
hus both are very important things to be known about the composite bodies.

6. The centre of mass for the composite body is the ratio of ________ to _________

a) The product of centroid and mass to the total weight

b) The addition of centroid and weight to the total weight
c) The subtraction of centroid and weight to the total weight
d) The product of centroid and mass to the total mass
Answer: d
Explanation: The product of the centroid of the section to its mass to the total mass of the body is the centre of mass.
Thus the answer. The ratio is generally used to locate the coordinate of the centroid or the centre of mass.

7. The total of all the masses of small particles adds up to give the total body mass of the composite body. This mass
lies along with gravity gives a force vector which is being passed by ________

a) Axis of rotation
b) Axis of rolling
c) Centre of Gravity
d) Centre of mass
Answer: c
Explanation: The total body mass along with the product of gravity always passes through the centre of gravity. All t
he forces are parallel is the right answer. Thus the total sum of all these small weights adds up to the total weight of t
he body. Which passes through the centre of gravity.

8. One of the uses of the centre of mass or centroid of the composite bodies is as in the simplification of the loading
system the net force acts at the ___________ of the loading body.

a) Centroid
b) The centre axis
c) The corner
d) The base
Answer: a
Explanation: In the simplification of the loading system the net force acts at the centroid of the composite body. Tha
t is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the loadi
ng will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading.

9. If any external force also is applied on the distributed loading on the composite body then?

a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not to be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, and rest will be the external
forces
Answer: d
Explanation: The external forces are treated differently. They are not added by the force of the distributed loading. T
hat is the force not only acts at the centroid always. It can be shifted also. Depending on the external forces. Thus the
use of centroid or centre of mass.

10. A composite body is consisted of __________ number of particles.

a) Infinite
b) Finite
c) Hundreds
d) Thousands
Answer: a
Explanation: The various bodies are composed of infinite number of particles. They are very small in size. They can
’t be seen by our naked eyes. Thus the number of particles is not thousands nor hundreds. But it is uncountable.

11. We use sometimes the measures to know the direction of moment. It is done by right handed coordinate system.
Which is right about it for the composite bodies (consider the mentioned axis to be positive)?
a) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to y-axis
b) Thumb is x-axis, fingers curled from z-axis to y-axis
c) Thumb is y-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to z-axis
d) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from y-axis to x-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: As right handed coordinate system means that you are curling your fingers from positive x-axis toward
s y-axis and the thumb which is projected is pointed to the positive z-axis. Thus visualizing the same and knowing th
e basic members of axis will not create much problem.

12. What is not the condition for the equilibrium in three dimensional system of axis for the composite bodies?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

13. Determine the x coordinate of centroid of the shape shown.

a) 0.410m
b) 1.410m
c) 2.410m
d) 0.10m
Answer: a
Explanation: The weight of the body is the sum of the all the small weights that are been applied by all the particles.
The smaller the particle the smaller the weight it applies. Thus the total weight of the body is the summation of all th
e infinite number of small weights applied to the body.

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1. The theorem of Pappus and Guldinus is used to find the ____________

a) Surface area of the body

b) Surface area of the body of revolution
c) Surface area of the body of linear motion
d) Surface area of the body of rectangular motion
Answer: b
Explanation: The theorem is used to find the surface area and the volume of the revolving body. This is done by usin
g simple integration. Thus the surface area and the volume of any 2D curve being rotated can be made to be calculat
ed from this theorem.

2. The theorem of Pappus and Guldinus states that the area of the revolving curve is ______________

a) Product of the area, length of the generated curve and the radius vector
b) Product of the area, length of the generated curve and the perpendicular distance from axis
c) Product of the volume, length of the generated curve and the radius vector
d) Product of the volume, length of the generated curve and the perpendicular distance from axis
Answer: b
Explanation: The theorem is used to find the surface area and the volume of the revolving body. This is done by usin
g simple integration. Thus the surface area and the volume of any 2D curve. It is just the product of the area, length
of generated curve and the perpendicular distance from axis.
3. Product of the area, ______________________ and the perpendicular distance from axis are being used in the the
orem to find the area of the revolution.

a) Length of generated curve

b) Length of generated radius
c) Length of generated length vector
d) Length of generated area vector
Answer: a
Explanation: The theorem is used to find the surface area and the volume of the revolving body. This is done by usin
g simple integration. Thus the surface area and the volume of any 2D curve. It is just the product of the area, length
of the generated curve and the perpendicular distance from the axis.

4. Determine the surface area of the structure when rotated about the ray P.

a) 134m2
b) 143m2
c) 154m2
d) 169m2
Answer: a
Explanation: The theorem is used to find the surface area and the volume of the revolving body. This is done by usin
g simple integration. Thus the surface area and the volume of any 2D curve. It is just the product of the area, length
of the generated curve and the perpendicular distance from the axis.

5. The distance used in the theorem is the distance travelled by ______________

a) Body
b) Body’s centroid
c) Body’s length vector
d) Body’s radius vector
Answer: b
Explanation: The theorem is used to find the surface area and the volume of the revolving body. Thus the surface are
a and the volume of any 2D curve. It is just the product of the area, length of generated curve and the perpendicular
distance from axis. The distance being the distance travelled by the centroid.

6. Product of the Volume, ______________________ and the perpendicular distance from axis are being used in the
theorem to find the volume of the revolution.

a) Area of generated curve

b) Area of generated radius
c) Area of generated length vector
d) Area of generated area vector
Answer: a
Explanation: The theorem is used to find the surface area and the volume of the revolving body. This is done by usin
g simple integration. Thus the surface area and the volume of any 2D curve. It is just the product of the volume, area
of generated curve and the perpendicular distance from axis.

7. The maximum value of the frictional force that can be applied to the composite body under which the theorem of t
he Pappus and Guldinus is going to be applied is called _________

a) Limiting Friction
b) Non-Limiting Friction
c) Limiting Action Friction
d) Non-Limiting Action Friction
Answer: a
Explanation: The friction is the phenomena that define that there is a resistance which is present there between the t
wo surfaces. The two surfaces are in contact and the friction applies at that surface only, resisting the motion of the s
urface. Thus the maximum values is called as limiting friction.

8. When the body which is applied forces come in the stage of the limiting friction then the body over which this the
orem is to be applied is termed as to come in ___________ equilibrium.

a) Unstable
b) Stable
c) Non-stable
d) Improper Stable
Answer: a
Explanation: As the limiting friction is the maximum value of the frictional forces. Thus if more force is applied to t
he body then the body is going to move forward. Because the two surfaces are in contact and the friction applies at t
hat surface only, resisting the motion of the surface. Thus the name unstable equilibrium.

9. Determine the volume of the structure when rotated about the ray P.

a) 47.6m3
b) 43m3
c) 14m3
d) 19m3
Answer: a
Explanation: None.

10. We use sometimes the measures to know the direction of moment. It is done by right handed coordinate system.
Which is right about it for the bodies over which this theorem is going to be applied (consider the mentioned axis to
be positive)?

a) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to y-axis

b) Thumb is x-axis, fingers curled from z-axis to y-axis
c) Thumb is y-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to z-axis
d) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from y-axis to x-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: As right handed coordinate system means that you are curling your fingers from positive x-axis toward
s y-axis and the thumb which is projected is pointed to the positive z-axis. Thus visualizing the same and knowing th
e basic members of axis will not create much problem.

11. What is not the condition for the equilibrium in three dimensional system of axis for the bodies for which this th
eorem is going to be applied?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

12. What is a collinear system of forces for the bodies over which this theorem is to apply?

a) The force system having all the forces parallel to each other
b) The force system having all the forces perpendicular to each other
c) The force system having all the forces emerging from a single point
d) Forces cannot form a collinear system of forces, it is not possible
Answer: c
Explanation: The force system having all the forces emerging from a point is called the collinear system of force. Th
is is a type of system of the force, which is easy in the simplification. This is because as the forces are the vector qua
ntity, the vector math is applied and the simplification is done.

13. The system of the collinear and the parallel force for the bodies over which this theorem is to be applied are simp
lified as:

a) The simplified collinear force system gives us a net force and the parallel force system gives us a simplified force,
and then we add it vectorially
b) Such simplification is not possible
c) The simplification is usually done by not considering the directions of the both
d) The simplification is done by considering the rotations only
Answer: a
Explanation: The simplification is easy. The simplified force system gives us a net force and the parallel force syste
m gives us a simplified force, and then we add it vectorially. Thus the vector addition at the last can be easily done a
nd thus both can be simplified.

14. If solving the question in 3D calculations is difficult, then use the 2D system to make the use of the theorem.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The answer is obviously yes. If we are having any difficulty in making the vector components, then we
can go in 2D. As if the particle is in equilibrium, the net force will be zero. No matter where you see first. Net force
is zero.

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1. The determination of the internal loading in the different structures is usually done so as to___________

a) Break the structure

b) Know the length
c) Know the diameter
d) Design the structure
Answer: d
Explanation: The determination of the internal forces in the structure is done so as to design the structure as in the ap
plication purpose the structure will be subjected to many loads. This will help us to make the beam properly. And als
o this will ensure that the structure will not break after the loading is done on them. For this another method is the di
stribution load method.

2. Determine the moment generated at R.

a) 18.75KNm
b) 8.75KNm
c) 1.75KNm
d) 175KNm
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading acting upward is considered to be positive. This is done as to decrease the time used for th
e calculations. If the method of sections is being applied at the complex sections for the determination of the unkno
wn forces, much time is required for it. Thus the main motto is to make the calculations easy and make the less use o
f time.

3. The slope of the shear diagram of the different structure is equal to__________

a) Rotational moment
b) Bending moment
c) Total weight
d) Distributed load intensity
Answer: d
Explanation: After the application of the force equation of equilibrium to the segment of the structure, we have the a
bove result. This is done on the very small part of the structure. That is the minimal section of the beam is to be cons
idered and then the application of the equilibrium equations are done so as to calculate the final result.

4. Free body diagrams doesn’t play any role in making the calculations on the conditions of the resultants of the bod
y.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The free body diagrams does play an important role in the formation of the conditions of the resultants
of the rigid body. As the net forces are zero, the fbd helps us to take the measure of the same. That is to see whether
the summation is really zero or not.

5. The simplification of the forces on the axis is done as __________

a) A particular system of rule is followed

b) No simplification of the forces is possible
c) The forces are already simplified and don’t need simplification
d) The forces are very tentative quantity on terms of simplification and hence no simplification possible
Answer: a
Explanation: A particular system of the rules is followed that is if the upward direction is taken as positive then the d
ownward direction is taken as negative. This is same as done with the couple in the 2D. That is the forces can be easi
ly simplified. If taken in the vector form then the task is even easier.

6. The net forces of acting on the body need to be zero. This is also applicable for the simply supported structures. T
his means that the support reaction is also counted in making the net force zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The support reactions of the beam is also counted in the making of the forces zero. As far as the net for
ce is concerned the support reaction does affect the conditions for the equilibrium of the body. Hence one needs to ta
ke care of the support reactions of the structures too.

7. Determine the shear force of the beam shown.

a) 450N
b) 50N
c) 40N
d) 45N
Answer: a
Explanation: The loading acting upward is considered to be positive. This is done as to decrease the time used for th
e calculations. If the method of sections is being applied at the complex sections for the determination of the unkno
wn forces, much time is required for it. Thus the main motto is to make the calculations easy and make the less use o
f time.

8. The simplification of the couple for getting the resultant is done on the basis of the ___________

a) The clockwise of the anti-clockwise rotation sign convention

b) The simplification is not possible
c) The couple is a vector and thus can’t be simplified
d) The couple is a scalar and can’t be simplified
Answer: a
Explanation: The couple is simplified by taking the direction of the rotation of the body as positive or negative. That
is if the clockwise direction is positive then the anti-clockwise direction is taken as negative. If the couple is a vecto
r it can be easily simplified by taking the components.

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1. The Pascal law states that liquid at rest applies pressure at a point is ________ in all directions.

a) Same
b) Un-same
c) Not matching
d) Matching but not equal
Answer: a
Explanation: The Pascal law states that the liquid at rest applies pressure at a point is the same in all directions. This
means that the pressure is there in spite of the direction. And it is present in the same direction and is having the sam
e magnitude.

2. Determine the location of the hydrostatic force acting on the submerged rectangular plate PaPb. Plate has a width
of 1.5m. Density of water 1000kg/m3.

a) 1.29m
b) 0.29m
c) 0.9m
d) 1.9m
Answer: a
Explanation: The Pascal law states that the liquid at rest applies pressure at a point is same in all directions. This me
ans that the pressure is there in spite of the direction. And it is present in the same direction and is having same mag
nitude.

3. The magnitude of the pressure of the fluid is not dependent on the _________

a) Force
b) Area
c) Specific Weight
d) Temperature
Answer: d
Explanation: The Pascal law states that the liquid at rest applies pressure at a point is the same in all directions. This
means that the pressure is there in spite of the direction. And it is present in the same direction and is having the sam
e magnitude.

4. The Pascal’s law is applicable to the liquid which is __________________

a) Compressible
b) In-compressible
c) Solid in phase
d) Super-compressive
Answer: b
Explanation: The liquid must be incompressible. The Pascal law states that the liquid at rest applies pressure at a poi
nt is same in all directions. This means that the pressure is there in spite of the direction.

5. Gases are ________________ fluids.

a) Compressible
b) In-compressible
c) Solid in phase
d) Super-compressive
Answer: a
Explanation: The liquid must be incompressible. The Pascal law states that the liquid at rest applies pressure at a poi
nt is same in all directions. This means that the pressure is there in spite of the direction. But the gases are compressi
ve that’s why it is not used in the gas form.

6. Pressure acts _____________ to the surface of the body.

a) Normal
b) Linear
c) Parallel
d) Coplanar
Answer: a
Explanation: The pressure is always acted normal to the surface of the body. Thus the pressure plays a role as a vect
or in this case. So mainly the pressure must be considered as normal to the surface of the body.

7. For the determination of the fluid pressure the body to be experimented is ___________ in the liquid.

a) Immersed
b) Non-immersed
c) Parallel
d) Normal
Answer: a
Explanation: The body used in the determination of the fluid pressure equations is immersed in the liquid. It is comp
letely immersed in the liquid. So as to make the calculations of the pressure beneath the liquid.

8. What is a collinear system of forces for the system of the fluid liquids?

a) The force system having all the forces parallel to each other
b) The force system having all the forces perpendicular to each other
c) The force system having all the forces emerging from a single point
d) Forces cannot form a collinear system of forces, it is not possible
Answer: c
Explanation: The force system having all the forces emerging from a point is called the collinear system of force. Th
is is a type of system of the force, which is easy in the simplification. This is because as the forces are the vector qua
ntity, the vector math is applied and the simplification is done.

9. The system of the collinear and the parallel force for the calculations of the equations in the determination of the f
luid pressure are simplified as ________________

a) The simplified collinear force system gives us a net force and the parallel force system gives us a simplified force,
and then we add it vectorially
b) Such simplification is not possible
c) The simplification is usually done by not considering the directions of the both
d) The simplification is done by considering the rotations only
Answer: a
Explanation: The simplification is easy. The simplified force system gives us a net force and the parallel force syste
m gives us a simplified force, and then we add it vectorially. Thus the vector addition at the last can be easily done a
nd thus both can be simplified.

10. What is not the condition for the equilibrium in the determination of the equations of the fluid pressures?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

11. If solving the question in 3D calculations is difficult, then use the 2D system to determine the equations of the fl
uid pressure.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The answer is obviously yes. If we are having any difficulty in making the vector components, then we
can go in 2D. As if the particle is in equilibrium, the net force will be zero. No matter where you see first. Net force
is zero.

12. When the body is in equilibrium beneath the liquid then which of the following is true?

a) We equate all the components of the forces acting on the body equal to their resultant vector’s magnitude
b) We equate all the components of the forces acting on the body equal to their resultant vector’s magnitude square
c) We equate all the components of the forces acting on the body equal to their resultant vector’s magnitude square r
oot
d) We equate all the components of the forces acting on the body equal to zero
Answer: d
Explanation: Yes, we equate all the components of the three axis equal to zero. That is the resultant of the forces alo
ng the three axis are being equated to zero. This brings in that there is no net force along any direction. Hence equili
brium.

13. We first make equilibrium equations for the fluid pressure and then the free body diagram and then solve the que
stion?

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: We first make the free body diagram and then we make the equilibrium equations to satisfy the given c
onditions. This helps us to solve the question easily. As this reduces the part of imagination and increases accuracy t
oo.

14. ∑Fx=0, ∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0 are vector equations for the determination of the equilibrium equations for the fluid p
ressure in the body immersed in the liquid.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is false as the equations asked are scalars. As we make the net sum of the forces along the
axis equal to zero. Of course this equation comes from the solving the vector forms, but still, the result is a scalar, he
nce the equations are scalar.

15. Determine the resultant hydrostatic force acting on the submerged rectangular plate PaPb. Plate has width of 1.5
m. Density of water 1000kg/m3.

a) 154.5 kN/m
b) 54.5 kN/m
c) 14.5 kN/m
d) 112.5 kN/m
Answer: a
Explanation: The Pascal law states that the liquid at rest applies pressure at a point is the same in all directions. This
means that the pressure is there in spite of the direction. And it is present in the same direction and is having the sam
e magnitude.

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1. Whenever the distributed loading acts perpendicular to an area its intensity varies __________

a) Linearly
b) Non-Linearly
c) Parabolically
d) Cubically
Answer: a
Explanation: The load intensity is varying linearly in the structures. Thus the intensity is not varying parabolically n
or is it cubically. It cannot be a vector also. Thus the intensity is linearly varied.

2. Determine the moment of inertia of the area about the y-axis.

a) 0.273m2
b) 11m2
c) 0.141m2
d) 0.811m2
Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. That is the moment of inertia perpendicular to the
surface in considerance.

3. The calculation of the moment of the body due to the loadings involve a quantity called ____________

a) Moment
b) Inertia
c) Moment of Inertia
d) Rotation
Answer: c
Explanation: The calculation of the moment of the body due to the loadings involve a quantity called a moment of in
ertia. This is having much significance in the various fields in the engineering sector. The main types are the ‘I’ secti
on structures which are being much used.

4. Moment of Inertia is the integration of the square of the distance of the centroid and the del area along the whole a
rea of the structure.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of inertia of the section is the integration of the square of the distance of the centroid and t
he del area along the whole area of the structure. This is having much significance in the various fields in the engine
ering sector. The main types are the ‘I’ section structures which are being much used.

5. There is perpendicular axis theorem for the area.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: There is no perpendicular axis theorem for the area. In spite there is the theorem as parallel axis for any
area. Thus we have the theorem which is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias.

6. What is parallel axis theorem and to whom it is applied?

a) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas
b) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for volumes
c) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for linear distances
d) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for vectors
Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. That is the moment of inertia perpendicular to the
surface in considerance.

7. The parallel axis theorem gives the moment of inertia ______________ to the surface of considerance.

a) Linear
b) Non-Linear
c) Perpendicular
d) Parallel
Answer: c
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. That is the moment of inertia perpendicular to the
surface in considerance.

8. The parallel axis theorem can add any angle varied moment of inertias to give the perpendicular moment of inerti
a.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. That is the moment of inertia perpendicular to the
surface in considerance.

9. The parallel axis theorem uses the ____________ of the distance.

a) Square root
b) Square
c) Cube root
d) Cube
Answer: b
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. And uses the square of the distance from the axis
of rotation.

10. The distance in the parallel axis theorem is multiplied by ___________

a) Area
b) Volume
c) Linear distance
d) Area/Volume
Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. And uses the square of the distance from the axis
of rotation multiplied by the area.

11. One of the uses of the centre of mass or centroid is as in the moment of inertia is that the net force acts at the ___
________ of the loading body.

a) Centroid
b) The centre axis
c) The corner
d) The base
Answer: a
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then the at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of t
he loading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading.

12. If the non-Uniform loading is of the type of parabola then for calculating the moment of inertia for areas?

a) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
b) The net force will act the centre of the parabola
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola
Answer: d
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force. Thus the use of centroid.

13. If any external force also is applied on the structure and we are determining the moment of inertia then what sho
uld we consider?

a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not to be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, rest will be the external forc
es
Answer: d
Explanation: The external forces are treated differently. They are not added by the force of the distributed loading. T
hat is the force not only acts at the centroid always. It can be shifted also. Depending on the external forces. Thus the
use of centroid or centre of mass.

14. The body is sometimes acted by two or three force members and we need to find the moment of inertia for the sa
me. The difference between the two and the three force members is:
a) The former is collinear and the latter is parallel
b) The former is parallel and the latter is perpendicular
c) The former is perpendicular and the latter is collinear
d) The former is acting on two points in the body while the latter is on three points
Answer: d
Explanation: The definition of the two force member only defines that the forces are being acted on the two points o
n the body. So does is the definition of the three forces members. The points of action of the three forces are three.

15. Determine the moment of inertia of the area about the x-axis.

a) 0.111m2
b) 11m2
c) 0.141m2
d) 0.811m2
Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. That is the moment of inertia perpendicular to the
surface in considerance.

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1. Composite materials are of no use for any engineers.

a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Explanation: The composite materials are of much importance to the chemical engineer. This means that the compos
ite materials are variedly used in the chemical industries. It can be used in the bridges made for the pipelines, etc.

2. What is not the condition for the equilibrium in three dimensional system of axis for the composite bodies if we ar
e determining the moment of inertia for them?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

3. We sometimes use the moment caused by the force so as to determine the moment of inertia of the body. The mo
ment is the cross product of which two vectors?

a) Force and Radius vectors

b) Radius and Force vectors
c) Force and Radius scalars
d) Radius and Force scalars
Answer: b
Explanation: The cross product needs to take in the proper sequence. If not taken then the answer is just the opposite
of the true answer. That’s why, the answer is not the Force and Radius vectors, but the Radius and Force vectors. B
ecause the moment has its direction, as many of the cross products have, and thus precaution needs to be taken.
4. Determine the moment of area of the area below about x-axis.

a) 101 x 106 mm4

b) 1 x 106 mm4
c) 10 x 106 mm4
d) 15 x 106 mm4
Answer: a
Explanation: The product of the centroid of the section to its mass to the total mass of the body is the centre of mass.
Thus the answer. The ratio is generally used to locate the coordinate of the centroid or the centre of mass.

5. Composite materials can be of __________ shapes for the determination of the moment of composite areas.

a) Any
b) Circular only
c) Rectangular only
d) Oval only
Answer: a
Explanation: The composite materials can be of any shape. This means that the shape of the material can be varied.
Thus any shape can be imparted to the composite materials and then be used in the industries variedly.

6. If any external force also is applied on the distributed loading on which the moment of inertia is to be determined
on the composite body then?

a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, and rest will be the external fo
rces
Answer: d
Explanation: The external forces are treated differently. They are not added by the force of the distributed loading. T
hat is the force not only acts at the centroid always. It can be shifted also. Depending on the external forces. Thus the
use of centroid or centre of mass.

7. Determine the moment of area of the area below its centroid axis.

a) 28.125 x 106 mm4

b) 1 x 106 mm4
c) 10 x 106 mm4
d) 17 x 106 mm4
Answer: a
Explanation: The product of the centroid of the section to its mass to the total mass of the body is the centre of mass.
Thus the answer. The ratio is generally used to locate the coordinate of the centroid or the centre of mass.

8. Two of the things of the composite materials are to be known so that their moment of inertia can be varied. Which
of the following is one of them?

a) Weight of the centre of gravity

b) Weight of the body
c) Location of the centroid of gravity
d) Location of the centre of mass
Answer: b
Explanation: The centre of the gravity’s location and the weight of the composite body is needed to be known. This
means that if both of the quantities of the composite body is known then the moment of inertia of the body can be alt
ered. Thus both are very important things to be known about the composite bodies.
9. The number of a particle does affect the moment of inertia. A composite body is consisted of __________ number
of particles.

a) Infinite
b) Finite
c) Hundreds
d) Thousands
Answer: a
Explanation: The various bodies are composed of an infinite number of particles. They are very small in size. They c
an’t be seen by our naked eyes. Thus the number of particles is not thousands nor hundreds. But it is uncountable.

10. We use sometimes the measures to know the direction of moment of inertia. It is done by right handed coordinat
e system. Which is right about it for the composite bodies (consider the mentioned axis to be positive)?

a) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to y-axis

b) Thumb is x-axis, fingers curled from z-axis to y-axis
c) Thumb is y-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to z-axis
d) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from y-axis to x-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: As right handed coordinate system means that you are curling your fingers from positive x-axis toward
s y-axis and the thumb which is projected is pointed to the positive z-axis. Thus visualizing the same and knowing th
e basic members of axis will not create many problems.

11. We often use the centre of mass of the composite area to calculate the moment of inertia. The centre of mass for
these composite body is the ratio of ________ to _________

a) The product of centroid and mass to the total weight

b) The addition of centroid and weight to the total weight
c) The subtraction of centroid and weight to the total weight
d) The product of centroid and mass to the total mass
Answer: d
Explanation: The product of the centroid of the section to its mass to the total mass of the body is the centre of mass.
Thus the answer. The ratio is generally used to locate the coordinate of the centroid or the centre of mass.

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1. The product of Inertia for an area is required so as to _____________

a) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for an Area

b) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for a Line
c) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for a Volume
d) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for a Rectangle
Answer: a
Explanation: The product is required to know what is the maximum and the minimum moment of inertia of an area.
This data is required to design the structure of the body. This means that the designing of the body is majorly done b
y the help of the determination of the product of the moment of Inertia.

2. Determine the product of inertia for the triangle in the given figure.

a) (bh)2/8
b) (bh)2/16
c) (bh)2/2
d) (bh)2/4
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of inertia of the section is the integration of the square of the distance of the centroid and t
he del area along the whole area of the structure. This is having much significance in the various fields in the engine
ering sector. The main types are the ‘I’ section structures which are being much used.

3. Moment of Inertia is the integration of the square of the distance of the centroid and the del area along the whole a
rea of the structure and after these calculations, we multiply the moment of areas.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of inertia of the section is the integration of the square of the distance of the centroid and t
he del area along the whole area of the structure. This is having much significance in the various fields in the engine
ering sector. The main types are the ‘I’ section structures which are being much used.

4. There is a perpendicular axis theorem for the area, and it is can be used to determine the product of a moment of i
nertia.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: There is no perpendicular axis theorem for the area. In spite there is the theorem as parallel axis for any
area. Thus we have the theorem which is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias.

5. What is parallel axis theorem and to whom it is applied so that it can give the product of inertia of an area?

a) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas
b) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for volumes
c) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for linear distances
d) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for vectors
Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. That is the moment of inertia perpendicular to the
surface in considerance.

6. The product of moment of inertia is the sum of _____________ and _________________

a) Area and volume

b) Volume and linear distance
c) Moment of inertia at centroid and the product of the area and del dx and del dy
d) Moment of inertia at base and the product of the area and del dx and del dy
Answer: d
Explanation: The product of moment of inertia is required as to design the structure of the body. This means that the
designing of the body is majorly done by the help of the determination of the product of the moment of Inertia.

7. The distance in the parallel axis theorem for the use in the determination of the product of the moment of inertia is
multiplied by:

a) Area
b) Volume
c) Linear distance
d) Area/Volume
Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. And uses the square of the distance from the axis
of rotation multiplied by the area.

8. One of the use of the centre of mass or centroid is as in the determination of the product of moment of inertia is th
at the net force acts at the ___________ of the loading body.

a) Centroid
b) The centre axis
c) The corner
d) The base
Answer: a
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then the at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of t
he loading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading.

9. The product of Inertia for an area is helpful so as to _____________

a) Determine Minimum moments of inertia for an Area

b) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for a Line
c) Determine Minimum moments of inertia for a Volume
d) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for a Rectangle
Answer: a
Explanation: The product is required to know what is the maximum and the minimum moment of inertia of an area.
This data is required as to design the structure of the body. This means that the designing of the body is majorly don
e by the help of the determination of the product of the moment of Inertia.

10. Determine the del product of inertia for the triangle in the given figure used for the calculations.

a) dIxy=(h2/2b2)x3dx
b) dIxy=(h/2b2)x3dx
c) dIxy=(h2/2)x3dx
d) dIxy=(h2/b2)x3dx
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of inertia of the section is the integration of the square of the distance of the centroid and t
he del area along the whole area of the structure. This is having much significance in the various fields in the engine
ering sector. The main types are the ‘I’ section structures which are being much used.

11. If the non-Uniform loading is of the type of parabola then for calculating the product of the moment of inertia fo
r areas?

a) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
b) The net force will act the centre of the parabola
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola
Answer: d
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force. Thus the use of centroid.

12. If any external force also is applied on the structure and we are determining the product of moment of inertia the
n what should we consider?

a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not to be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, rest will be the external forc
es
Answer: d
Explanation: The external forces are treated differently. They are not added by the force of the distributed loading. T
hat is the force not only acts at the centroid always. It can be shifted also. Depending on the external forces. Thus the
use of centroid or centre of mass.

13. The body is sometimes acted by two or three force members and we need to find the product of moment of inerti
a for the same. The difference between the two and the three force members is:

a) The former is collinear and the latter is parallel

b) The former is parallel and the latter is perpendicular
c) The former is perpendicular and the latter is collinear
d) The former is acting on two points in the body while the latter is on three points
Answer: d
Explanation: The definition of the two force member only defines that the forces are being acted on the two points o
n the body. So does is the definition of the three forces members. The points of action of the three forces are three.

14. Whenever the distributed loading acts perpendicular to an area its intensity varies __________ for the determinat
ion of the product of moment of inertia.

a) Linearly
b) Non-Linearly
c) Parabolically
d) Cubically
Answer: a
Explanation: The load intensity is varying linearly in the structures. Thus the intensity is not varying parabolically n
or is it cubically. It cannot be a vector also. Thus the intensity is linearly varied.

15. The calculation of the product of a moment of the body due to the loadings involve a quantity called _________
___

a) Moment
b) Inertia
c) Moment of Inertia
d) Rotation
Answer: c
Explanation: The calculation of the moment of the body due to the loadings involve a quantity called a moment of in
ertia. This is having much significance in the various fields in the engineering sector. The main types are the ‘I’ secti
on structures which are being much used.

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1. In the calculations of the moment of inertia of the area about an inclined axis, we have some transformation done.
They are:

a) u = xcosθ + ysinθ
b) u = xcosθ – ysinθ
c) u = ycosθ + xsinθ
d) u = ycosθ – xsinθ
Answer: a
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the l
oading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading. Thus when there is the inclination of the axis, we u
se transformation.

2. In the calculations of moments of inertia for an area about inclined axis we use the product of a moment of inertia.
It is the the sum of _____________ and _________________

a) Area and volume

b) Volume and linear distance
c) Moment of inertia at centroid and the product of the area and del dx and del dy
d) Moment of inertia at base and the product of the area and del dx and del dy
Answer: d
Explanation: The product of moment of inertia is required as to design the structure of the body. This means that the
designing of the body is majorly done by the help of the determination of the product of the moment of Inertia.

3. In the calculations of the moment of inertia of the area about an inclined axis, we have some transformation done.
They are:

a) Iu = Ix cos2θ + Iysin2θ – 2Ixycosθsinθ

b) Iv = Ixcos2θ + Iysin2θ – 2Ixycosθsinθ
c) Iu = Ixcos2θ + Iysin2θ – 2Ixycosθsinθ
d) Iv = Ixcos2θ + Iysin2θ + 2Ixycosθsinθ
Answer: d
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the l
oading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading. Thus when there is the inclination of the axis, we u
se transformation.

4. In the calculations of the moment of inertia of the area about an inclined axis, we have some transformation done.
They are:

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: a
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the l
oading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading. Thus when there is the inclination of the axis, we u
se transformation.

5. In the calculations of the moment of inertia of the area about an inclined axis, we have some transformation done.
They are:

a) v = xcosθ + ysinθ
b) v = xcosθ – ysinθ
c) v = ycosθ + xsinθ
d) v = ycosθ – xsinθ
Answer: d
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the l
oading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading. Thus when there is the inclination of the axis, we u
se transformation.
6. There is parallel axis theorem for the area, and it is can be used to determine the moment of inertia of an area abo
ut inclined axis.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: There is no perpendicular axis theorem for the area. In spite, there is the theorem as parallel axis for an
y area. Thus we have the theorem which is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias.

7. Determine the moment of inertia of the area about the y-axis.

a) 0.273m2
b) 11m2
c) 0.141m2
d) 0.811m2
Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. That is the moment of inertia perpendicular to the
surface in considerance.

8. In the calculations of the moment of inertia of the area about an inclined axis, we have some transformation done.
They are:

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: a
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the l
oading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading. Thus when there is the inclination of the axis, we u
se transformation.

9. In the calculations of the moment of inertia of the area about an inclined axis, we have some transformation done.
They are:

a) Iu = Ixcos2θ + Iysin2θ – 2Ixycosθsinθ

b) Iv = Ixcos2θ + Iysin2θ – 2Ixycosθsinθ
c) Iu = Ixcos2θ + Iysin2θ – 2Ixycosθsinθ
d) Iv = Ixcos2θ – Iysin2θ + 2Ixycosθsinθ
Answer: a
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the l
oading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading. Thus when there is the inclination of the axis, we u
se transformation.

10. Moment of Inertia about an inclined axis is the integration of the cube of the distance of the centroid and the del
area along the whole area of the structure and after this calculations, we multiply the moment of areas.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The moment of inertia of the section is the integration of the square of the distance of the centroid and t
he del area along the whole area of the structure. This is having much significance in the various fields in the engine
ering sector. The main types are the ‘I’ section structures which are being much used.

11. Determine the moment of inertia of the area about the x-axis.

a) 0.111m2
b) 11m2
c) 0.141m2
d) 0.811m2
Answer: a
Explanation: None.

12. In the calculations of the moment of inertia of the area about an inclined axis, we have some transformation done
. They are:

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: a
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the l
oading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading. Thus when there is the inclination of the axis, we u
se transformation.

13. In the calculations of the moment of inertia of the area about an inclined axis, we have some transformation done
. They are:

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: a
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the l
oading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading. Thus when there is the inclination of the axis, we u
se transformation.

14. In the calculations of the moment of inertia of the area about an inclined axis, we have some transformation done
. They are:

a) Iuv = Ixcosθsinθ – Iysinθcosθ + Ixy (cos2θ-sin2θ)

b) Iuv = Ixcosθsinθ + Iysinθcosθ – Ixy (cos2θ-sin2θ)
c) Iuv = Ixcosθsinθ – Iysinθcosθ – Ixy (cos2θ-sin2θ)
d) Iuv = Ixcosθsinθ + Iysinθcosθ + Ixy(cos2θ-sin2θ)
Answer: a
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of the l
oading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading. Thus when there is the inclination of the axis, we u
se transformation.

15. If any external moment along with the force is applied on the structure and we are determining the moment of in
ertia for areas about inclined axis then what should we consider?
a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, rest will be the external forces
Answer: d
Explanation: The external forces are treated differently. They are not added by the force of the distributed loading. T
hat is the force not only acts at the centroid always. It can be shifted also. Depending on the external forces. Thus the
use of centroid or centre of mass.

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1. If the non-Uniform loading is of the type of parabola then for calculating the moment of inertia for areas inclined
at an axis?

a) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
b) The net force will act the centre of the parabola
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola
Answer: d
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force. Thus the use of centroid.

2. Determine the orientation of the principle axis for the cross section of area of member shown whose width is 100
mm.

a) 57.1˚
b) 5.1˚
c) 7.1˚
d) 52.1˚
Answer: a
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force. Thus the use of centroid.

3. The product of Inertia for an area is required so as to__________

a) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for an Area

b) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for a Line
c) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for a Volume
d) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for a Rectangle
Answer: a
Explanation: The product is required to know what is the maximum and the minimum moment of inertia of an area.
This data is required to design the structure of the body. This means that the designing of the body is majorly done b
y the help of the determination of the product of the moment of Inertia.

4. Moment of Inertia about an inclined axis is the integration of the square of the distance of the centroid and the del
area along the whole area of the structure and after this calculations, we multiply the moment of areas.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of inertia of the section is the integration of the square of the distance of the centroid and t
he del area along the whole area of the structure. This is having much significance in the various fields in the engine
ering sector. The main types are the ‘I’ section structures which are being much used.

5. The product of moment of inertia is the sum of _____________ and _________________ it can be used in the cal
culations of moments of inertia for an area about inclined axis.

a) Area and volume

b) Volume and linear distance
c) Moment of inertia at centroid and the product of the area and del dx and del dy
d) Moment of inertia at base and the product of the area and del dx and del dy
Answer: d
Explanation: The product of the moment of inertia is required as to design the structure of the body. This means that
the designing of the body is majorly done by the help of the determination of the product of the moment of Inertia.

6. There is perpendicular axis theorem for the area, and it is can be used to determine the moment of inertia of an are
a about inclined axis.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: There is no perpendicular axis theorem for the area. In spite there is the theorem as parallel axis for any
area. Thus we have the theorem which is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias.

7. If any external force also is applied on the structure and we are determining the moment of inertia for areas about
inclined axis then what should we consider?

a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not to be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, rest will be the external forc
es
Answer: d
Explanation: The external forces are treated differently. They are not added by the force of the distributed loading. T
hat is the force not only acts at the centroid always. It can be shifted also. Depending on the external forces. Thus the
use of centroid or centre of mass.

8. Determine the magnitude of the principle moment of inertia for the cross section of area of member shown whose
width is 100mm.

a) 7.54 x 109 mm2

b) 54 x 109 mm2
c) 3.4 x 109 mm2
d) 1.54 x 109 mm2
Answer: a
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force. Thus the use of centroid.

9. The calculation of moment of inertia about inclined axis due to the loadings involve a quantity called __________
__

a) Moment
b) Inertia
c) Moment of Inertia
d) Rotation
Answer: c
Explanation: The calculation of the moment of the body due to the loadings involve a quantity called a moment of in
ertia. This is having much significance in the various fields in the engineering sector. The main types are the ‘I’ secti
on structures which are being much used.

10. Whenever the distributed loading acts perpendicular to an area its intensity varies __________ for the determinat
ion of moment of inertia about the inclined axis.

a) Linearly
b) Non-Linearly
c) Parabolically
d) Cubically
Answer: a
Explanation: The load intensity is varying linearly in the structures. Thus the intensity is not varying parabolically n
or is it cubically. It cannot be a vector also. Thus the intensity is linearly varied.

11. The distance in the parallel axis theorem for the use in the determination of the moment of inertia about an inclin
ed axis is multiplied by:

a) Area
b) Volume
c) Linear distance
d) Area/Volume
Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. And uses the square of the distance from the axis
of rotation multiplied by the area.

12. One of the uses of the centre of mass or centroid is as in the determination of the moment of inertia about an incl
ined plane is that the net force acts at the ___________ of the loading body.

a) Centroid
b) The centre axis
c) The corner
d) The base
Answer: a
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then the at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of t
he loading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading.

13. What is parallel axis theorem and to whom it is applied so that it can give the product of inertia of an area of an a
rea inclined about an axis?

a) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas
b) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for volumes
c) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for linear distances
d) Theorem used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for vectors
Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. That is the moment of inertia perpendicular to the
surface in considerance.

14. The body is sometimes acted by two or three force members and we need to find the moment of inertia about the
inclined axis for the same. The difference between the two and the three force members is:

a) The former is collinear and the latter is parallel

b) The former is parallel and the latter is perpendicular
c) The former is perpendicular and the latter is collinear
d) The former is acting on two points in the body while the latter is on three points
Answer: d
Explanation: The definition of the two force member only defines that the forces are being acted on the two points o
n the body. So does is the definition of the three forces members. The points of action of the three forces are three.

15. The parallel axis theorem can add any angle varied moment of inertias to give the perpendicular moment of inert
ia and it can be used in the determination of the moment of inertia about inclined axis.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. That is the moment of inertia perpendicular to the
surface in considerance.

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1. Which of the following is the equation which we get for the graphical solution of the moment of inertia?

a) 3.29
b) 0.29
c) 3.9
d) 2.9
Answer: a
Explanation: In the graphical method of solving the moment of inertia of the structures, we have the answer as the dr
iven equation. Thus this equation is used so as to ease the calculations. This equation is derived from the equations o
f the product of area inertia. Thus the equation.

2. What is the radius of the Mohr circle of the structure given below?

a) Moment of inertia
b) Moment of couple
c) Torque
d) Force
Answer: a
Explanation: In the above question, Ix, Iy and Ixy are meant to be calculated. This is because they are the derived qu
antity. It is dependent on the values of the structure which is constant. It means they are derived from constant value
s of the structure, thus they become a constant value.

3. The tendency of rotation of the body along with axis is also called ___________ As used for the construction of t
he Mohr circle.

a) The former is collinear and the latter is parallel

b) The former is parallel and the latter is perpendicular
c) The former is perpendicular and the latter is collinear
d) The former is acting on two points in the body while the latter is on three points
Answer: c
Explanation: The tendency of rotation of the body along with axis also called the torque. It is the moment of the forc
e acting perpendicular to the direction of the axis of rotation. If the axis and the force are meeting at any point then t
here is no moment applied by the force.

4. The body is sometimes acted by two or three force members and we need to find the Mohr‘s circle for inertia for t
he same. The difference between the two and the three force members is:

a) (Iv – a)2 + I2uv = R2

b) (Iu + a)2 + I2uv = R2
c) (Iv – a)2 + I2uv = R2
d) (Iv + a)2 + I2uv = R2
Answer: d
Explanation: The definition of the two force member only defines that the forces are being acted on the two points o
n the body. So does is the definition of the three forces members. The points of action of the three forces are three.

5. Which of the following is the equation which we get for the graphical solution of the moment of inertia?

a) Variables
b) Constants
c) Alphanumeric
d) Gauss numbers
Answer: a
Explanation: In the graphical method of solving the moment of inertia of the structures, we have the answer as the dr
iven equation. Thus this equation is used so as to ease the calculations. This equation is derived from the equations o
f the product of area inertia. Thus the equation.

6. What are Ix, Iy and Ixy in the equation?

a) Linearly
b) Non-Linearly
c) Parabolically
d) Cubically
Answer: b
Explanation: None.

7. Whenever the distributed loading acts perpendicular to an area its intensity varies __________ for the determinati
on of the Mohr’s circle for inertia.

a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Explanation: The load intensity is varying linearly in the structures. Thus the intensity is not varying parabolically n
or is it cubically. It cannot be a vector also. Thus the intensity is linearly varied.

8. Given equation is wrong for the calculations of the moments.

a) 7.54 x 109mm4
b) 0.54 x 109mm4
c) 7.4 x 109mm4
d) 5.4 x 109mm4
Answer: a
Explanation: The above equation is true for the calculation of the moments. , here Ix , Iy and Ixy are constants. This
is because they are the derived quantity from the constants itself. This is the graphical method of solving the momen
t of inertia of the structures.
9. What is the Imax of the Mohr circle of the structure given below?

a) The tendency of rotation of the body along with any axis

b) The moment of inertia of the body about any axis
c) The couple moment produce by the single force acting on the body
d) The total work is done on the body by the force
Answer: a
Explanation: None.

10. What does the moment of the force measure in the calculation of the Mohr circle’s data for the moments of inerti
a?

a) False
b) True
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of the force measures the tendency of the rotation of the body along any axis, whether it b
e the centroid axis of the body, or any of the outside axis. The couple moment is produced by two forces, not by a si
ngle force. The total work done is the dot product of force and distance not the cross. A use of Mohr circle can also
help in determining the direction.

11. (Iu – a)2 + I2uv = R2; this equation is wrong for the calculations of the moments.

a) Determine Minimum moments of inertia for an Area

b) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for a Line
c) Determine Minimum moments of inertia for a Volume
d) Determine Maximum moments of inertia for a Rectangle
Answer: a
Explanation: The above equation is true for the calculation of the moments. Here Iu and Iuv are not constants. This i
s because they are the derived quantity from the variables. This is the graphical method of solving the moment of ine
rtia of the structures.

12. The Mohr’s circle for an area is helpful so as to________

a) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
b) The net force will act the centre of the parabola
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola
Answer: a
Explanation: The Mohr’s circle is important as to know what is the maximum and the minimum moment of inertia o
f an area. This data is required to design the structure of the body. This means that the designing of the body is majo
rly done by the help of the determination of the product of the moment of Inertia.

13. If the non-Uniform loading is of the type of parabola then for calculating the Mohr’s circle for the inertia for are
as?

a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not to be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, rest will be the external forc
es
Answer: d
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force. Thus the use of centroid.
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1. The measure of the body’s resistance to angular acceleration is called ___________

a) Mass moment of inertia of a body

b) Volume moment of inertia of a body
c) Line moment of inertia of a body
d) Gauss moment of inertia of a body
Answer: a
Explanation: The measure is known as mass moment of inertia of a body. It’s very useful in the designing of the stru
ctures. It also helps in the determination of the strength of the body. Thus a very useful thing in structural engineerin
g.

2. Determine the mass moment of the area of the cylinder given below.

a) 0.5mR2
b) 5mR2
c) 0.2mR2
d) 0.7mR2
Answer: a
Explanation: The measure of moment of inertia of a body is important. It’s very useful in the designing of the struct
ures. It also helps in the determination of the strength of the body. Thus a very useful thing in the structural engineer
ing.

3. We define the moment of inertia of a body as________

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: b
Explanation: The definition of the of the moment of the inertia of the body is given by

4. Two of the things of the composite materials are to be known so that their mass moment of inertia can be varied.
Which of the following is one of them?

a) Weight of the centre of gravity

b) Weight of the body
c) Location of the centroid of gravity
d) Location of the centre of mass
Answer: a
Explanation: The centre of gravity’s location and the weight of the composite body is needed to be known. This mea
ns that if both of the quantities of the composite body is known then the moment of inertia of the body can be altered
. Thus both are very important things to be known about the composite bodies.

5. We define the moment of inertia of a body in terms of volume of the body as______________

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: a
Explanation: The definition of the moment of the inertia of the body in terms of volume is given by

6. We use the distance of the axis and the particles, and in that we apply parallel axis theorem. The distance in the pa
rallel axis theorem is multiplied by_______

a) Area
b) Volume
c) Linear distance
d) Area/Volume
Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. And uses the square of the distance from the axis
of rotation multiplied by the area.

7. One of the use of the centre of mass or centroid is as in the mass moment of inertia is that the net force acts at the
___________ of the loading body.

a) Centroid
b) The centre axis
c) The corner
d) The base
Answer: d
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then the at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of t
he loading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading.

8. If the non-Uniform loading is of the type of parabola then for calculating the mass moment of inertia for areas?

a) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
b) The net force will act the centre of the parabola
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola
Answer: a
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force. Thus the use of centroid.

9. Determine the mass moment of the area of the cylinder given below.

a) Iz= 0.5mR2
b) Iy = 0.5mR2
c) Iz = 0.2mR2
d) Iy = 0.7mR2
Answer: a
Explanation: The measure of moment of inertia of a body is important. It’s very useful in the designing of the struct
ures. It also helps in the determination of the strength of the body. Thus a very useful thing in the structural engineer
ing.

10. Which of the following is true?

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: d
Explanation: The definition of the moment of the inertia of the body in terms of volume is given by

11. The body is sometimes acted by two or three force members and we need to find the mass moment of inertia for
the same. The difference between the two and the three force members is:

a) The former is collinear and the latter is parallel

b) The former is parallel and the latter is perpendicular
c) The former is perpendicular and the latter is collinear
d) The former is acting on two points in the body while the latter is on three points
Answer: d
Explanation: The definition of the two force member only defines that the forces are being acted on the two points o
n the body. So does is the definition of the three forces members. The points of action of the three forces are three.

12. If any external force also is applied on the structure and we are determining the mass moment of inertia then wha
t should we consider?

a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not to be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, rest will be the external forc
es
Answer: d
Explanation: The external forces are treated differently. They are not added by the force of the distributed loading. T
hat is the force not only acts at the centroid always. It can be shifted also. Depending on the external forces. Thus the
use of centroid or centre of mass.

13. If any external force also is applied on the distributed loading on which the mass moment of inertia is to be deter
mined on the composite body then?

a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, and rest will be the external fo
rces
Answer: a
Explanation: The external forces are treated differently. They are not added by the force of the distributed loading. T
hat is the force not only acts at the centroid always. It can be shifted also. Depending on the external forces. Thus the
use of centroid or centre of mass.

14. Which of the following is true?

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: a
Explanation: The definition of the moment of the inertia of the body is given by

PSST! You better watch out, something's buggy above.

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1. In the calculation of the radius of gyration, we use intensity of loadings. So whenever the distributed loading acts
perpendicular to an area its intensity varies __________
a) Linearly
b) Non-Linearly
c) Parabolically
d) Cubically
Answer: a
Explanation: The load intensity is varying linearly in the structures. Thus the intensity is not varying parabolically n
or is it cubically. It cannot be a vector also. Thus the intensity is linearly varied.

2. The radius of gyration is related to the moment of the body. So the calculation of the moment of the body due to t
he loadings involve a quantity called ____________

a) Moment
b) Inertia
c) Moment of Inertia
d) Rotation
Answer: c
Explanation: The calculation of the moment of the body due to the loadings involve a quantity called a moment of in
ertia. This is having much significance in the various fields in the engineering sector. The main types are the ‘I’ secti
on structures which are being much used.

3. Find the moment of the force about the point R.

a) 5000Nm
b) 5550Nm
c) 6000Nm
d) 7000Nm
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. We see that the perpendicular distance is 5m. Thus we get the distance. And hence multiply it with the fo
rce, 5x2000xsin30. Because the force component perpendicular to the distance needs to be taken.

4. How far from the shaft at P a 200N vertical force must act so as to create the same moment as produced by the 75
N, at P?

a) 1.2m
b) 1.125m
c) 0.6m
d) 0m
Answer: b
Explanation: As we know that the moment is the cross product of the distance and the force we will try to apply the
same here. So let the distance be y, then the force of 200N will act downward. The distance perpendicular is xcos60.
Thus equating the 112.5 to 200ycos60.

5. Moment of Inertia is the integration of the square of the distance of the centroid and the del area along the whole a
rea of the structure and this moment is at a distance from the rotating axis, known as the radius of gyration.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The moment of inertia of the section is the integration of the square of the distance of the centroid and t
he del area along the whole area of the structure. This is having much significance in the various fields in the engine
ering sector. The main types are the ‘I’ section structures which are being much used.
6. There is perpendicular axis theorem for the calculation of the radius of gyration.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: There is no perpendicular axis theorem for the radius of gyration. In spite, there is the theorem as parall
el axis for any area. Thus we have the theorem which is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inert
ias.

7. Radius of gyration is indirectly to the parallel axis theorem. The parallel axis theorem gives the moment of inertia
______________ to the surface of considesrance.

a) Linear
b) Non-Linear
c) Perpendicular
d) Parallel
Answer: c
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. That is the moment of inertia perpendicular to the
surface in considerance.

8. The parallel axis theorem can add any angle varied moment of inertias to give the perpendicular moment of inerti
a and the radius of gyration can be calculated.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. That is the moment of inertia perpendicular to the
surface in considerance.

9. As radius of gyration is indirectly to the parallel axis theorem, parallel axis theorem uses the ____________ of the
distance.

a) Square root
b) Square
c) Cube root
d) Cube
Answer: b
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. And uses the square of the distance from the axis
of rotation.

10. The distance in the parallel axis theorem is multiplied by:

a) Area
b) Volume
c) Linear distance
d) Area/Volume
Answer: a
Explanation: Parallel axis for any area is used to add the two mutually perpendicular moment of inertias for areas. It
gives a moment of inertia perpendicular to the surface of the body. And uses the square of the distance from the axis
of rotation multiplied by the area.
11. One of the use of the centre of mass or centroid is as in the radius of gyration is that the net force acts at the ____
_______ of the loading body.

a) Centroid
b) The centre axis
c) The corner
d) The base
Answer: a
Explanation: In the moment of inertia calculations we see that the net force acts at the centroid of the loading body.
That is if the loading system is in the form of the triangle then the at the distance 2 by 3 of the base the net force of t
he loading will act. And the load will be half the area of the loading.

12. If the non-Uniform loading is of the type of parabola then for calculating the radius of gyration?

a) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
b) The net force will act the centre of the parabola
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola
Answer: d
Explanation: The net force will act at the centroid of the parabola. Whether it be a parabola or the cubic curve the ce
ntroid is the only point at which the net force act. Force can’t be acted horizontally if the loading is vertical. Hence
whatever be the shape of the loading, the centroid is the point of action of net force. Thus the use of centroid.

13. If any external force also is applied on the structure and we are determining radius of gyration then what should
we consider?

a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not to be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, rest will be the external forc
es
Answer: d
Explanation: The external forces are treated differently. They are not added by the force of the distributed loading. T
hat is the force not only acts at the centroid always. It can be shifted also. Depending on the external forces. Thus the
use of centroid or centre of mass.

14. The body is sometimes acted by two or three force members and we need to find the radius of gyration for the sa
me. The difference between the two and the three force members is:

a) The former is collinear and the latter is parallel

b) The former is parallel and the latter is perpendicular
c) The former is perpendicular and the latter is collinear
d) The former is acting on two points in the body while the latter is on three points
Answer: d
Explanation: The definition of the two force member only defines that the forces are being acted on the two points o
n the body. So does is the definition of the three forces members. The points of action of the three forces are three.

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1. The principle of work was proposed by________________

a) Mathematician Jean Bernoulli

b) Physios Jean Bernoulli
c) Chemist Jean Bernoulli
d) John Jean Bernoulli
Answer: a
Explanation: The concept of work was proposed by Jean Bernoulli. He was a mathematician. It was proposed in 18t
h century. It gave us various alternative methods to calculate the work done. Thus the answer.

2. Determine the horizontal force acting in the given figure.

a) 80cos30
b) 60cos30
c) 40cos30
d) 8cos30
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

3. Which of the following is correct?

a) Work done is of one type only

b) Work done is of two type only
c) Work done is of three type only
d) Work done is of infinite type
Answer: d
Explanation: The work done is of many types. They are countless. For example, the work can be done by moving, p
ushing or pulling. Or can be done by car, bus, truck or any other vehicle. This work can be done in many ways.

4. If five forces are acting on the single particle and having an angle of 72˚ between each and are collinear, then____
_________

a) The net force acting on the body is zero and the net work done is also zero
b) The net force acting on the body is horizontal
c) The net force acting on the body is vertical but net work done is non-zero
d) The net force acting on the body is at an angle of 45
Answer: a
Explanation: The net force acting on the body is zero. This means that the forces cancel out. This means that the bod
y is in equilibrium and doesn’t need any of the external force to make itself in the equilibrium.

5. If solving the question in 3D calculations is difficult, then use the 2D system and then equate the total net force to
zero, thus the method for solving the work done.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The answer is obviously yes. If we are having any difficulty in making the vector components, then we
can go in 2D. As if the particle is in equilibrium, the net force will be zero. No matter where you see first. Net force
is zero.

6. If the body is in equilibrium, but it having a rotational curled ray shown in the free body diagram then:

a) The diagram is wrong

b) Such rotations can’t be shown in the fbds(free body diagrams)
c) The ray shown may be correct, but the body is not said to be in equilibrium
d) The body is said to be in equilibrium only, as the other forces will cancel out that rotation and the network done w
ill be zero
Answer: d
Explanation: The body having equilibrium will not rotate at any cost. Yes, the diagram may contain the rotational ar
ray showing the couple being acted over the structure. But the thing is that the forces, i.e. the other forces which are
outside the dependency of this rotation will cancel out this rotation and thus the body is in equilibrium.

7. If the resolved force or the force which you get as the answer after solving the question is negative, then what doe
s this implies?

a) The force is in the reverse direction w.r.t the direction set in the free body diagram
b) The force is not in the reverse direction w.r.t the direction set in the free body diagram
c) The force component is not possible
d) The force is possible, but in the direction perpendicular to the resultant force
Answer: a
Explanation: The negative sign implies things in the opposite manner. If the force is coming negative this doesn’t m
ean that it is impossible. But it means that the force is in the opposite direction w.r.t the direction set by you in the fr
ee body diagram.

8. Determine the vertical force acting in the given figure.

a) 236N
b) 600n
c) 403N
d) 830N
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

9. What does Newton’s third law states for the work done?

a) The rate of change of momentum is equal to the force applied

b) For every reaction there is an opposite reaction
c) The body is tend to be rotated if the force is applied tangentially
d) The body is rest until a force is applied
Answer: b
Explanation: The requirement of the third law is important in the equilibrium of the body. Specially the rigid bodies.
The rigid body particles are in the equilibrium and are thus facing the forces and to be in the equilibrium they also r
eact and apply the opposite force and thus the third law of Newton.

10. The net moment of the body is zero that means the work done by the force and the rotational axis is zero.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: b
Explanation: The net moment of the body is zero that doesn’t mean that the work done by the force and the rotationa
l axis is zero. Work done is something different. It does not depend on the rotational axis. It only depends on the dist
ance. And the forces.

11. ∑Fx=0, ∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0 are vector equations for the three dimensions. They are satisfied when the body is ac
hieved its state of equilibrium, and then the work done is calculated.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is false as the equations asked are scalars. As we make the net sum of the forces along the
axis equal to zero. Of course this equation comes from the solving the vector forms, but still, the result is a scalar, he
nce the equations are scalar.

12. Which of the following needs to zero for the perfect equilibrium for the calculation of the work?

a) ∑F=0, ∑M=0 and ∑θ = 0

b) ∑F=0, ∑M≠0 and ∑θ = 0
c) ∑F≠0, ∑M=0 and ∑θ = 0
d) ∑F=0, ∑M=0 and ∑θ≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

13. What is Newton’s second law for work?

a) The rate of change of momentum is equal to the force applied

b) The rate of change of distance is equal to the force applied
c) The rate of change of momentum is equal to the moment applied
d) The rate of change of momentum is equal to the work applied
Answer: a
Explanation: The rate of change of momentum is equal to the force applied to the body. This is the second law whic
h is used to calculate the work done in the body by the forces. This has a very vast application on the industrial secto
r and engineering sector.

14. The supports in the 3D are having more than three reaction forces. Because they are having three axis on which t
he components of the work done need to be zero.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: As 3D is defined as the three axis system, we have to consider the equilibrium in all the three axis. This
will make the equilibrium go on all the axis of the 3D space. And hence will cancel all the forces.

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1. Work done is best given by___________

a) dU = Fdrcosθ
b) dU = Fdrsinθ
c) dU = Fdrcotθ
d) dU = Fdrdθ
Answer: a
Explanation: The work is defined as the dot product of the force and the distance. This means that the work done do
es depends upon the angle of the force. That is the angle which is being made by the force vector to the surface of ac
tion of the force.
2. Calculate the Normal force developed between the body and the surface due to the work done by the force.

a) 611N
b) 116N
c) 100N
d) 180N
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

3. The supports in the 3D are having more than three reaction forces. Because they are having three axis on which th
e components of the work needs to be zero.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: As 3D is defined as the three axis system, we have to consider the equilibrium in all the three axis. This
will make the equilibrium go on all the axis of the 3D space. And hence will cancel all the forces.

4. ∑Fx=0, ∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0 are vector equations for the three dimensions. They are satisfied when the body is achi
eved it state of equilibrium and the network done is zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is false as the equations asked are scalars. As we make the net sum of the forces along the
axis equal to zero. Of course this equation comes from the solving the vector forms, but still the result is a scalar, he
nce the equations are scalar.

5. Calculate the frictional force developed between the body and the surface due to the work done by the force.

a) 160N
b) 16N
c) 10N
d) 180N
Answer: a
Explanation: The net forces acting on the body is shown with the help of the resultant forces. There are two types, fir
st the frictional and the second is normal. This is because the resultant forces have the sum of all the forces which ar
e acting in the direction which is same.

6. Work done is best given by _____________

a) dU = F.dr
b) dU = Fdrsinθ
c) dU = F.drcotθ
d) dU = Fxdrdθ
Answer: a
Explanation: The work is defined as the dot product of the force and the distance. This means that the work done do
es depends upon the angle of the force. That is the angle which is being made by the force vector to the surface of ac
tion of the force.
7. We often determine the work done by the couples. A couple moment is developed when _______ of the attached
member is prevented.

a) Translation
b) Rotation
c) Addition
d) Subtraction
Answer: b
Explanation: The development of the couple moment is when there is prevention of the rotation of the attached mem
ber. This is the basic condition for the equilibrium of the couple moments in any dimension. This rule is applied whe
n the couple moments are taken into the account for the equilibrium of the body.

8. Work done by the couple is best given by___________

a) dU = Mdθ
b) dU = M.dθ
c) dU = Mxdθ
d) dU = Mθ
Answer: a
Explanation: The work done by the couple is defined as the product of the moment and the del angle. This means tha
t the work done does depends upon the angle of the moment. That is the angle which is being made by the moment v
ector to the surface of action of the moment.

9. What is not the condition for the equilibrium in three dimensional system of axis so as to calculate the unknown f
orces acting on the body?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

10. Virtual Work done is best given by_______________

a) δU = Fδrcosθ
b) δU = Fδrsinθ
c) δU = Fδrcotθ
d) δU = Fδrδθ
Answer: a
Explanation: The work is defined as the dot product of the δ force and the δ distance. This means that the work done
does depends upon the angle of the force. That is the angle which is being made by the force vector to the surface of
action of the force.

11. Virtual work done by the couple is best given by_____________

a) δU = Mδθ
b) δU = M.δθ
c) δU = Mxδθ
d) δU = Mθ
Answer: a
Explanation: The work done by the couple is defined as the product of the δ moment and the δ angle. This means tha
t the work done does depends upon the angle of the moment. That is the angle which is being made by the moment v
ector to the surface of action of the moment.

12. Principle of virtual work done is having condition___________

a) δU = 0
b) δU = δF
c) δU = δM
d) δU = δD
Answer: a
Explanation: The virtual work done is working on the equation: δU = 0. This means that the body must be in the equ
ilibrium and the network done must be zero. Thus the unknown forces are being determined by the same technique.

13. If solving the question in 3D calculations is difficult, then use the 2D system and then equate the total work done
to zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The answer is obviously yes. If we are having any difficulty in making the vector components, then we
can go to 2D. As if the particle is in equilibrium, the net force will be zero. No matter where you see first. Network
done is zero.

14. If the resolved force or the force which you get as the answer after solving the question is negative, then what do
es this implies?

a) The work done is in the reverse direction w.r.t the direction set in the free body diagram
b) The force is not in the reverse direction w.r.t the direction set in the free body diagram
c) The force component is not possible
d) The force is possible, but in the direction perpendicular to the resultant force
Answer: a
Explanation: The negative sign implies things are in the opposite manner. If the force is coming negative this doesn’
t mean that it is impossible. But it means that the force is in the opposite direction w.r.t the direction set by you in th
e free body diagram.

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1. If a block moves from a height h above the ground then the work done is given by_______

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: a
Explanation: The potential energy is converted into the work done. Thus is the block moves from the height h to the
ground, the work done is given by . Negative because the work done is in the opposite direction of the motion of the
body.

2. If any external conservative force also is applied on the distributed loading then?

a) The net force will act at the centroid of the structure only
b) The net load will not be formed as all the forces will be cancelled
c) The net force will act on the base of the loading horizontally
d) The net force will not to be considered, there would be a net force of the distribution, rest will be the external forc
es
Answer: d
Explanation: The external forces are treated differently. They are not added by the force of the distributed loading. T
hat is the force not only acts at the centroid always. It can be shifted also. Depending on the external forces. Thus the
use of centroid or centre of mass.

3. Find the tension in the cable AC.

a) 23.6N
b) 55N
c) 89N
d) -29N
Answer: a
Explanation: First represent the forces in their vector form. Then equate the net sum of the forces in the x, y and z di
rections to be zero. You will get FB = FC and 2(.848) = 40N. This gives the answer as 23.6N.

4. What is the sum of squares of the cosine angles made by the conservative force vector with the coordinate axis?

a) 1
b) ½
c) 2
d) 3
Answer: a
Explanation: The sum of the squares of the cosines of the vector will give you the squares of the components in the
numerator, and the vector’s magnitude’s square in the denominator. But the numerator sum is equal to the vector’s
magnitude’s square. Thus, the answer = 1.

5. ____________ is the phenomena that resist the movement of the two surfaces in contact. This phenomenon is also
having its scope in the work and the conservative nature of the force.

a) Friction
b) Motion
c) Circular movement
d) Rotation
Answer: a
Explanation: The friction is the phenomena that define that there is a resistance which is present there between the t
wo surfaces. The two surfaces are in contact and the friction applies at that surface only, resisting the motion of the s
urface.

6. In the explanation of the theory of friction over which conservative forces were acted upon, the block used to hav
e an assumption. That is the upper portion of the block is considered to be rigid.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The block used to explain the theory of friction is placed on a deformable surface. As we know that the
theory of friction says that when there is no lubricating fluid present between the surfaces in contact, the dry friction
occurs. Thus to show the same, experiments are done over a non-rigid/deformable surface which is having a rigid s
hape.

7. Work done by a spring to a body from moving it from x1 to x2 distance is given by _________

a)
b)
c)
d)
Answer: a
Explanation:The potential energy is converted into the work done. Thus is the block moves from the distance x2 to x
1, the work done is given by . Negative because the work done is in the opposite direction of the motion of the body.

8. Which statement is right for conservative force vector F = Ai + Bj + Ck?

a) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Ai + Bj + Ck

b) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Ax + By + Cz
c) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Fx + Fy + Fz
d) In rectangular components representation of any vector we have vector F = Fi + Fj + Fk
Answer: c
Explanation: As given the vector is F = Ai + Bj + Ck, this implies that the x ,y and z-axis components of this vector i
s A, B and C respectively. But, in rectangular components representation of any vector, the vector is written as F = F
x + Fy + Fz.

9. For equilibrium, the net moment acting on the body by various conservative forces is zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The equilibrium is only attained if the net moment on the body tends to be equal to zero. Thus the mom
ents caused by different forces cancel out. If this happens there is no motion of the body along any direction and hen
ce the body is said to be in equilibrium. The body here is a rigid body.

10. Determine the horizontal components of the reaction on the beam caused by the pin at Q. The force 60N is multi
plied by 10 and then is applied.

a) 0N
b) 445N
c) 45N
d) 40N
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o.

11. The conservative frictional force always acts ____________ to the surface of the application of the friction.

a) Tangential
b) Perpendicular
c) Parallel
d) Normal
Answer: a
Explanation: The friction is the phenomena that define that there is a resistance which is present there between the t
wo surfaces. This friction is applied tangentially to the surfaces in contact. Thus the main thing is that the forces on
both of the surfaces act as a tangential to each other.

12. What does Newton’s third law states for the conservative forces?

a) The rate of change of momentum is equal to the force applied

b) For every reaction there is an opposite reaction
c) The body is tend to be rotated if the force is applied tangentially
d) The body is rest until a force is applied
Answer: b
Explanation: The requirement of the third law is important in the equilibrium of the body. Specially the rigid bodies.
The rigid body particles are in the equilibrium and are thus facing the forces and to be in the equilibrium they also r
eact and apply the opposite force and thus the third law of Newton. It is the same for all the methods.

13. We use sometimes the measures to know the direction of moment in the calculations of the moments caused by t
he conservative forces. Which one is right about it(consider the mentioned axis to be positive)?

a) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to y-axis

b) Thumb is x-axis, fingers curled from z-axis to y-axis
c) Thumb is y-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to z-axis
d) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from y-axis to x-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: As right handed coordinate system means that you are curling your fingers from positive x-axis toward
s y-axis and the thumb which is projected is pointed to the positive z-axis. Thus visualizing the same and knowing th
e basic members of the axis will not create many problems.

14. For the conditions of the equilibrium of the body, i.e. the rigid body only the external conservative forces defines
the equilibrium. Because the internal conservative forces cancels out so not to be considered.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The application of the internal forces does affect the conditions of the equilibrium of the body. Not onl
y the external but the internal forces that are developed by the sake of external forces does develop a tending effect o
n the equilibrium of the body. Thus the internal forces doesn’t cancels out.

15. Which statement is correct about the vector F in the showing the conservative nature of the forces?

a) F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fcosγ

b) F= Fsin β + Fcos α + Fcosγ
c) F= Fcos β + Fsin α + Fcosγ
d) F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fsinγ
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know the α, β and γ are the angles made by the x, y and z-axis respectively. Thus, is the magnitu
de of the vector is F, the F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fcosγ. Which means the force is the resultant of all its axis’ compone
nts.

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1. Potential energy is stored in the body if some work is done on it. Work done is best given by:

a) dU = Fdrcosθ
b) dU = Fdrsinθ
c) dU = Fdrcotθ
d) dU = Fdrdθ
Answer: a
Explanation: The work is defined as the dot product of the force and the distance. This means that the work is done
does depends upon the angle of the force. That is the angle which is being made by the force vector to the surface of
action of the force.
2. Which of the following is correct for the forces which are considered in the potential energy calculations?

a) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only if the forces are collinear
b) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only if the forces are parallel
c) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only if the forces are perpendicular
d) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid throughout
Answer: d
Explanation: The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid throughout. This means that th
e conditions are irrespective of the types of forces. The conditions are the basic rules that defines the equilibrium of t
he body and thus are applicable in any type of forces of the real axis.

3. For the conditions of the equilibrium of the body, i.e. the rigid body only the external forces defines the equilibriu
m. And the support reactions only cancels out the rotation part of the body and thus the potential energy of the body
is stored in it.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The application of the support reaction forces does affect the conditions of the equilibrium of the body.
Not only the external but the support reaction forces that are developed by the sake of external forces does develop
a tending effect on the equilibrium of the body. Thus the support reaction forces also cancels the external forces.

4. For equilibrium, the net moment acting on the body by various forces is zero, in any of the body in the space, as i
n the space it is acted by various forces, like gravity.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The equilibrium is only attained if the net moment on the body tends to be equal to zero. Thus the mom
ents caused by different forces cancels out. If this happens there is no motion of the body along any direction and he
nce the body is said to be in equilibrium. The body here is a rigid body.

5. We use sometimes the measures to know the direction of moment in the calculations of the moments caused by th
e gravitational forces over the body above the ground level. Which one is right about it(consider the mentioned axis
to be positive)?

a) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to y-axis

b) Thumb is x-axis, fingers curled from z-axis to y-axis
c) Thumb is y-axis, fingers curled from x-axis to z-axis
d) Thumb is z-axis, fingers curled from y-axis to x-axis
Answer: a
Explanation: As right handed coordinate system means that you are curling your fingers from positive x-axis toward
s y-axis and the thumb which is projected is pointed to the positive z-axis. Thus visualizing the same and knowing th
e basic members of the axis will not create many problems.

6. Determine the magnitude of the force F = 300j parallel to the direction of AB?

a) 155N
b) 257.1N
c) 200N
d) 175N
Answer: b
Explanation: Force component in the direction parallel to the AB is given by unit vector 0.286i + 0.857j + 0.429k. N
ow (300j).(0.286i + 0.857j + 0.429k) = 257.1N. Just try to resolve the force into it’s particular components.

7. Which statement is correct about the vector F in the showing the gravitational nature of the forces?

a) F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fcosγ

b) F= Fsin β + Fcos α + Fcosγ
c) F= Fcos β + Fsin α + Fcosγ
d) F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fsinγ
Answer: a
Explanation: As we know the α, β and γ are the angles made by the x, y and z-axis respectively. Thus, is the magnitu
de of the vector is F, the F= Fcos β + Fcos α + Fcosγ. Which means the force is the resultant of all its axis’ compone
nts.

8. What is the value of θ in the figure given below?

a) 69˚
b) 60˚
c) 55˚
d) 90˚
Answer: a
Explanation: Fab= -(3/5)j + (4/5)k ; F= (4/5)i – (3/5)j ; θ = cos-1(Fab.F) = 69˚. This is the application of the triangle
over the figure. Try to resolve the components of the given force. It will be easy.

9. Air also resist the body in the motion. The maximum value of the frictional force is called _________

a) Limiting Friction
b) Non-Limiting Friction
c) Limiting Action Friction
d) Non-Limiting Action Friction
Answer: a
Explanation: The friction is the phenomena that define that there is a resistance which is present there between the t
wo surfaces. The two surfaces are in contact and the friction applies at that surface only, resisting the motion of the s
urface. Thus the maximum values is called as limiting friction.

10. The coefficient of kinetic friction when a body is moving from a height above the ground level to a smaller heig
ht is ____________ than coefficient of static friction.

a) Smaller
b) Larger
c) Significantly larger
d) Highly larger
Answer: a
Explanation: The coefficient of kinetic friction is smaller than coefficient of static friction. The main thing about the
kinetic one is that it is applied by the surface when the body is in motion. The static one is applied to the body when
the body is static and is about to move.

11. Free body diagrams doesn’t play any role in making the calculations on the conditions of the equilibrium of the
body when there is the involvement of the potential energy.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The free body diagrams does play an important role in the formation of the conditions of the equilibriu
m of the rigid body. As the net forces are zero, the fbd helps us to take the measure of the same. That is to see wheth
er the summation is really zero or not.

12. The net forces of acting on the body need to be zero. This is also applicable for the bodies having some potential
energy. This means that the work done over it is saved in the form of potential energy.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The support reactions of the beam is also counted in the making of the forces zero. As far as the net for
ce is concerned the support reaction does affect the conditions for the equilibrium of the body. Hence one needs to ta
ke care of the support reactions of the beam too.

13. Virtual Work done is saved in the form of potential energy. It is best given by ___________

a) δU = Fδrcosθ
b) δU = Fδrsinθ
c) δU = Fδrcotθ
d) δU = Fδrδθ
Answer: a
Explanation: The work is defined as the dot product of the δ force and the δ distance. This means that the work is do
ne does depends upon the angle of the force. That is the angle which is being made by the force vector to the surface
of action of the force.

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1. If solving the question in 3D calculations is difficult, then use the 2D system and then equate the total net force to
zero as the criteria of the potential energy for equilibrium.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The answer is obviously yes. If we are having any difficulty in making the vector components, then we
can go in 2D. As if the particle is in equilibrium, the net force will be zero. No matter where you see first. Net force
is zero.

2. If the body is upward the ground then the distance taken is __________

a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Imaginary
d) Gaussian
Answer: a
Explanation: The direction upwards is considered positive. And then the calculations are done. Not only that the dire
ction of the rotation is also concerned with the signs. Positive if on the positive z axis. Negative if towards negative
z axis.

3. If the resolved force or the force which you get as the answer after solving the question is negative for the equilibr
ium of the potential energy, then what does this implies?

a) The force is in the reverse direction w.r.t the direction set in the free body diagram
b) The force is not in the reverse direction w.r.t the direction set in the free body diagram
c) The force component is not possible
d) The force is possible, but in the direction perpendicular to the resultant force
Answer: a
Explanation: The negative sign implies things in the opposite manner. If the force is coming negative this doesn’t m
ean that it is impossible. But it means that the force is in the opposite direction w.r.t the direction set by you in the fr
ee body diagram.

4. A force is developed by a support that not allows the ________ of its attached member in the calculation of the po
tential energy.

a) Translation
b) Rotation
c) Addition
d) Subtraction
Answer: a
Explanation: The force developed by a support doesn’t allow the translation of its attached member. This is the basic
condition for the equilibrium of the forces in any dimension. This rule is applied when the support reactions are take
n into the account for the equilibrium of the body.

5. We first make equilibrium equations of the body by considering all the three dimensional forces and then the free
body diagram is made and solved. Thus the criteria for the potential energy equilibrium.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: We first make the free body diagram and then we make the equilibrium equations to satisfy the given c
onditions. This helps us to solve the question easily. As this reduces the part of imagination and increases accuracy t
oo.

6. Couple moment is also considered as one of the criteria for the equilibrium of the potential of the body. It should
be zero sometimes. So a couple moment is developed when _______ of the attached member is prevented.

a) Translation
b) Rotation
c) Addition
d) Subtraction
Answer: b
Explanation: The development of the couple moment is when there is a prevention of the rotation of the attached me
mber. This is the basic condition for the equilibrium of the couple moments in any dimension. This rule is applied w
hen the couple moments are taken into the account for the equilibrium of the body.

7. Find the tension in the cable AC.

a) 23.6N
b) 55N
c) 89N
d) -29N
Answer: a
Explanation: First represent the forces in their vector form. Then equate the net sum of the forces in the x, y and z di
rections to be zero. You will get FB = FC and 2(.848) = 40N. This gives the answer as 23.6N.

8. If the supports are properly aligned then the reaction forces developed under the potential energy diagrams are ade
quate to support the body.

a) Statement is true only in 2D

b) Statement is true only in 3D
c) Statement is true throughout
d) Statement is true only in 1D
Answer: c
Explanation: This is the basic nature observed during the experiments on the beams an all the support system. The di
mension doesn’t affect the equilibrium conditions. The main motto is to achieve the equilibrium. It is achieved by eq
uating the net force equal to zero.

9. What is not the criteria for the equilibrium in potential energy free body diagram?

a) ∑Fx=0
b) ∑Fy=0
c) ∑Fz=0
d) ∑F≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: For the equilibrium in the three dimensional system of axis we have all the conditions true as, ∑Fx=0,
∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0. Also, we have the summation of the forces equal to zero. Which is not a non-zero value.

10. If any body is tied to three or more ropes and is in the potential equilibrium, and then is allowed to achieve its eq
uilibrium. Then the equilibrium achieved is achieved w.r.t what?

a) The three axis of the body

b) The ground
c) The ropes direction
d) The weight direction
Answer: b
Explanation: Yes, the equilibrium is being achieved w.r.t the ground. Like the motion, w.r.t ground need be zero. Th
at is the relative velocity of the object or the body must be zero w.r.t the ground. This means motion is in equilibriu
m.

11. ∑Fx=0, ∑Fy=0 and ∑Fz=0 are vector equations for the three dimensions. They are satisfied when the body is ac
hieved it state of equilibrium and the body has potential energy stabilised.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The answer is false as the equations asked are scalars. As we make the net sum of the forces along the
axis equal to zero. Of course this equation comes from the solving the vector forms, but still, the result is a scalar, he
nce the equations are scalar.

12. The supports in the 3D are having more than three reaction forces. Because they are having three axis on which t
he components of the forces need to be zero, so as to equilibrate the potential energy.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: d
Explanation: As 3D is defined as the three axis system, we have to consider the equilibrium in all the three axis. This
will make the equilibrium go on all the axis of the 3D space. And hence will cancel all the forces.
13. The single pin, single bearing and single hinge resist _______ so as to attain potential energy equilibrium.

a) Force
b) Couple moments
c) Both force and couple moments
d) Inertia
Answer: c
Explanation: The experiments have founded that the single pin, single bearing and single hinge resist both force and
couple moments. This does helps in attaining the equilibrium of the body. Thus proper guiding must be taken during
solving the question on the same.

14. Determine the value of the q, parallel to the z axis. That is the point of intersection of the projections of the point
s A, B and C parallel to the xy plane. With the distance between the tri-section point and the points A, B and C be eq
ual to 0.6m.

a) 51.9cm
b) 51.9mm
c) 51.9m
d) 5.19mm
Answer: a
Explanation: The application of the equilibrium equation will yield the result. That is the resultant along the z-axis w
ill remain zero. Which give the value of γ as 50˚. And therefore q=51.9cm.

15. If the supports which are supporting a body at a certain height are not properly aligned then the reaction forces d
eveloped are adequate to support the body.

a) Statement is true only in 2D

b) Statement is true only in 3D
c) Statement is false throughout
d) Statement is true only in 1D
Answer: c
Explanation: This is the basic nature observed during the experiments on the beams an all the support system. The di
mension doesn’t affect the equilibrium conditions. The main motto is to achieve the equilibrium. It is achieved by eq
uating the net force equal to zero. But here the system is not properly aligned.

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1. The main condition for the stability of the equilibrium configuration is that the distance between various particles
of the body does change.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The main condition for the rigid body is that the distance between various particles of the body does no
t change. If the distance does change the body is not to be called as rigid. Thus the fix distance of the particles is ver
y much required for the equilibrium of the rigid body.

2. Determine the vertical components of the reaction on the beam caused by the pin at Q.

a) 286N
b) 68N
c) 28N
d) 288N
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

3. Which of the following is correct for the stability of equilibrium configuration?

a) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only in the 2D
b) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only in the 3D
c) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid only in the 1D
d) The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid throughout
Answer: d
Explanation: The application of the conditions of the equilibrium of the body is valid throughout. This means that th
e conditions are irrespective of the dimensions. The conditions are the basic rules that define the equilibrium of the b
ody and thus are applicable to any dimension of the real axis.

4. For stability of equilibrium configuration the net force acting on the body is zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The equilibrium is only attained if the net force on the body tends to be equal to zero. Thus the forces c
ancels out. If this happens there is no motion of the body along any direction and hence the body is said to be in equi
librium. The body here is a rigid body.

5. For stability of equilibrium configuration the net moment acting on the body by various forces is zero.

a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The equilibrium is only attained if the net moment on the body tends to be equal to zero. Thus the mom
ents caused by different forces cancels out. If this happens there is no motion of the body along any direction and he
nce the body is said to be in equilibrium. The body here is a rigid body.

6. The net force of the body is zero that means the force are not being applied to the body at all and hence the body h
as achieved stability.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The net force of the body is zero that doesn’t mean that the force are not being applied to the body at al
l and hence the body is in equilibrium. The equilibrium is only attained if the net force on the body tends to be equal
to zero. Thus the forces cancels out. If this happens there is no motion of the body along any direction and hence the
body is said to be in equilibrium.

7. Which of the following needs to zero for the stability of equilibrium configuration?

a) ∑F=0, ∑M=0 and ∑θ = 0

b) ∑F=0, ∑M≠0 and ∑θ = 0
c) ∑F≠0, ∑M=0 and ∑θ = 0
d) ∑F=0, ∑M=0 and ∑θ≠0
Answer: d
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not need to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed to
be equal to zero. The basic need of the forces to make the body in equilibrium.

8. Determine the horizontal components of the reaction on the beam caused by the pin at Q. The force 60N is multipl
ied by 10 and then is applied.

a) 0N
b) 445N
c) 45N
d) 40N
Answer: a
Explanation: The summation of the forces needs to be zero. So does the summation of the moments need to zero. Bu
t talking about the angles, they not needed to zero. But the forces which are acting at particular angles, must needed t
o.

9. Free body diagrams doesn’t play any role in making the calculations on the conditions of stability of equilibrium c
onfiguration.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: The free body diagrams does play an important role in the formation of the conditions of the equilibriu
m of the rigid body. As the net forces are zero, the fbd helps us to take the measure of the same. That is to see wheth
er the summation is really zero or not.

10. The net moment of the body is zero that means the distance between the force and the rotational axis is zero thus
the stability of equilibrium configuration.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The net moment of the body is zero that doesn’t mean that the distance between the force and the rotati
onal axis is zero. This means moments caused by different forces cancels out. If this happens there is no motion of t
he body along any direction and hence the body is said to be in equilibrium.

11. If the resolved force for the stability of equilibrium configuration or the force which you get as the answer after s
olving the question is negative, then what does this implies?

a) The force is in the reverse direction w.r.t the direction set in the free body diagram
b) The force is not in the reverse direction w.r.t the direction set in the free body diagram
c) The force component is not possible
d) The force is possible, but in the direction perpendicular to the resultant force
Answer: a
Explanation: The negative sign implies things in the opposite manner. If the force is coming negative this doesn’t m
eans that it is impossible. But it means that the force is in the opposite direction w.r.t the direction set by you in the f
ree body diagram.

12. If the body is in stability of equilibrium configuration, but it having a rotational curled ray shown in the free bod
y diagram then:

a) The diagram is wrong

b) Such rotations can’t be shown in the fbds(free body diagrams)
c) The ray shown may be correct, but the body is not said to be in equilibrium
d) The body is said to be in equilibrium only, as the other forces will cancel out that rotation
Answer: d
Explanation: The body having equilibrium will not rotate at any cost. Yes, the diagram may contain the rotational ar
ray showing the couple being acted over the structure. But the thing is that the forces, i.e. the other forces which are
outside the dependency of this rotation will cancel out this rotation and thus the body is in equilibrium.

13. If five forces are acting on the single particle and having an angle of 72˚ between each and are collinear, then:

a) The net force acting on the body is zero and it is stable

b) The net force acting on the body is horizontal
c) The net force acting on the body is vertical
d) The net force acting on the body is at an angle of 45
Answer: a
Explanation: The net force acting on the body is zero. This means that the forces cancel out. This means that the bod
y is in equilibrium and doesn’t need any of the external force to make itself in the equilibrium.

14. For the conditions of the stability of equilibrium configuration of the body, i.e. the body only the external forces
defines the equilibrium. Because the internal forces cancels out so not to be considered.

a) The first part of the statement is false and other part is true
b) The first part of the statement is false and other part is false too
c) The first part of the statement is true and other part is false
d) The first part of the statement is true and other part is true too
Answer: c
Explanation: The application of the internal forces does affect the conditions of the equilibrium of the body. Not onl
y the external but the internal forces that are developed by the sake of external forces does develop a tending effect o
n the equilibrium of the body. Thus the internal forces doesn’t cancels out.

15. We need to apply vector math sometimes in the calculation of the stability of equilibrium configurations. So the
coordinate of the Force vector AB is A (2, 0, 2) and B (-2, 3.46, 3). It has a magnitude of 750N. Which is the best C
artesian representation of the vector AB?

a) -557i + 482j + 139k N

b) -557i – 482j + 139k N
c) -557i + 482j – 139k N
d) 557i – 482j – 139k N
Answer: a
Explanation: First try to make the unit vector of AB. Then you will get the Cartesian form of a unit vector after that j
ust multiply 750 scalar quantity with it. Which means you are first taking out the desired direction and then multiply
ing the scalar to get the desired vector in the desired direction.

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