The books Database

• Sample books database - Four tables

– Authors
– Publishers
– authorISBN
– titles
• This example is borrowed from Chapter 8 of
Deitel’s book Advanced Java 2 Platform
 The authors Table

Field Description
authorID Author’s ID number in the database. In the books database, this integer
field is defined as an autoincremented field. For each new record inserted
in this table, the database automatically increments the authorID value
to ensure that each record has a unique authorID. This field represents
the table’s primary key.
firstName Author’s first name (a string).
lastName Author’s last name (a string).

authorID firstName lastName

1 Harvey Deitel
2 Paul Deitel
3 Tem Nieto
4 Sean Santry
 The publishers Table

Field Description
publisherID The publisher’s ID number in the database. This autoincremented
integer is the table’s primary-key field.
publisherName The name of the publisher (a string).

publisherID publisherName
1 Prentice Hall
2 Prentice Hall PTG
 The authorISBN Table

Field Description
authorID The author’s ID number, which allows the database to associate
each book with a specific author. The integer ID number in this
field must also appear in the authors table.
isbn The ISBN number for a book (a string).
 Example Data for the authorISBN Table
authorID isbn authorID isbn
1 0130895725 2 0139163050
1 0132261197 2 013028419x
1 0130895717 2 0130161438
1 0135289106 2 0130856118
1 0139163050 2 0130125075
1 013028419x 2 0138993947
1 0130161438 2 0130852473
1 0130856118 2 0130829277
1 0130125075 2 0134569555
1 0138993947 2 0130829293
1 0130852473 2 0130284173
1 0130829277 2 0130284181
1 0134569555 2 0130895601
1 0130829293 3 013028419x
1 0130284173 3 0130161438
1 0130284181 3 0130856118
1 0130895601 3 0134569555
2 0130895725 3 0130829293
2 0132261197 3 0130284173
2 0130895717 3 0130284181
2 0135289106 4 0130895601
 The titles Table

Field Description
isbn ISBN number of the book (a string).
title Title of the book (a string).
editionNumber Edition number of the book (an integer).
copyright Copyright year of the book (a string).
publisherID Publisher’s ID number (an integer). This value must correspond to an
ID number in the publishers table.
imageFile Name of the file containing the book’s cover image (a string).
price Suggested retail price of the book (a real number). [Note: The prices
shown in this book are for example purposes only.]
 Sample Data from the titles Table
isbn title edition- copy- publish- image-File price
Number right erID
0 1 3 0 8 9 5 7 2 5 C H o w to 3 2001 1 chtp3.jpg 6 9 .9 5
P ro g ra m
0 1 3 2 2 6 1 1 9 7 C H o w to 2 1994 1 chtp2.jpg 4 9 .9 5
P ro g ra m
0 1 3 0 8 9 5 7 1 7 C + + H o w to 3 2001 1 cpphtp3.jpg 6 9 .9 5
P ro g ra m
0 1 3 5 2 8 9 1 0 6 C + + H o w to 2 1998 1 cpphtp2.jpg 4 9 .9 5
P ro g ra m
0 1 3 9 1 6 3 0 5 0 T h e C o m p le te 3 2001 2 cppctc3.jpg 1 0 9 .9 5
C + + T ra in in g
C o u rs e
0 1 3 0 2 8 4 1 9 x e -B u s in e s s a n d e - 1 2001 1 e b e c h t p 1 . j p g 6 9 .9 5
C o m m e rc e H o w
to P ro g ra m
0 1 3 0 1 6 1 4 3 8 In te rn e t a n d 1 2000 1 iw3htp1.jpg 6 9 .9 5
W o rld W id e W e b
H o w to P ro g ra m
0 1 3 0 8 5 6 1 1 8 T h e C o m p le te 1 2000 2 iw3ctc1.jpg 1 0 9 .9 5
In te rn e t a n d
W o rld W id e W e b
P ro g ra m m in g
T ra in in g C o u rs e
0 1 3 0 1 2 5 0 7 5 J a v a H o w to 3 2000 1 jhtp3.jpg 6 9 .9 5
P ro g ra m (J a v a 2 )
0 1 3 8 9 9 3 9 4 7 J a v a H o w to 2 1998 1 jhtp2.jpg 4 9 .9 5
P ro g ra m (J a v a
1 .1 )
0 1 3 0 8 5 2 4 7 3 T h e C o m p le te 3 2000 2 j a v a c t c 3 . j p g 1 0 9 .9 5
J a v a 2 T ra in in g
C o u rs e
 The books Database – table relationships

authors authorISBN titles

authorID
1 ∞ authorID
1
isbn
∞
firstName isbn title
lastName editionNumber
copyright
∞
publishers publisherID
1
publisherID imageFile
publisherName price
 Structured Query Language (SQL)

• SQL keywords
SQL keyword Description
SELECT Select (retrieve) fields from one or more tables.
FROM Tables from which to get fields. Required in every SELECT.
WHERE Criteria for selection that determine the rows to be retrieved.
GROUP BY Criteria for grouping records.
ORDER BY Criteria for ordering records.
INSERT INTO Insert data into a specified table.
UPDATE Update data in a specified table.
DELETE FROM Delete data from a specified table.
 Basic SELECT Query

• Simplest format of a SELECT query

– SELECT * FROM tableName
• SELECT * FROM authors
• Select specific fields from a table
– SELECT authorID, lastName FROM authors
authorID lastName
1 Deitel
2 Deitel
3 Nieto
4 Santry
 WHERE Clause

• specify the selection criteria

– SELECT fieldName1, fieldName2, … FROM tableName
WHERE criteria
• SELECT title, editionNumber, copyright
FROM titles
WHERE copyright > 1999
• WHERE clause condition operators
– <, >, <=, >=, =, <>
– LIKE
• wildcard characters % and _
 WHERE Clause (Cont.)

title editionNumber copyright

C How to Program 3 2001
C++ How to Program 3 2001
The Complete C++ Training Course 3 2001
e-Business and e-Commerce How to 1 2001
Program
Internet and World Wide Web How to 1 2000
Program
The Complete Internet and World Wide 1 2000
Web Programming Training Course
Java How to Program (Java 2) 3 2000
The Complete Java 2 Training Course 3 2000
XML How to Program 1 2001
Perl How to Program 1 2001
Advanced Java 2 Platform How to Program 1 2002
 WHERE Clause (Cont.)

• SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName

FROM authors
WHERE lastName LIKE ‘D%’

authorID firstName lastName

1 Harvey Deitel
2 Paul Deitel
 8.4.2 WHERE Clause (Cont.)

• SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName

FROM authors
WHERE lastName LIKE ‘_i%’

authorID firstName lastName

3 Tem Nieto
 ORDER BY Clause

• Optional ORDER BY clause

– SELECT fieldName1, fieldName2, … FROM tableName
ORDER BY field ASC
– SELECT fieldName1, fieldName2, … FROM tableName
ORDER BY field DESC
• ORDER BY multiple fields
– ORDER BY field1 sortingOrder, field2 sortingOrder, …
• Combine the WHERE and ORDER BY clauses
 ORDER BY Clause (Cont.)

• SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName

FROM authors
ORDER BY lastName ASC
authorID firstName lastName
2 P aul D eitel
1 H arvey D eitel
3 T em N ieto
4 Sean Santry
 8.4.3 ORDER BY Clause (Cont.)

• SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName

FROM authors
ORDER BY lastName DESC
authorID firstName lastName
4 Sean Santry
3 Tem Nieto
2 Paul Deitel
1 Harvey Deitel
 ORDER BY Clause (Cont.)

• SELECT authorID, firstName, lastName

FROM authors
ORDER BY lastName, firstName
authorID firstName lastName
1 Harvey Deitel
2 Paul Deitel
3 Tem Nieto
4 Sean Santry
 ORDER BY Clause (Cont.)
• SELECT isbn, title, editionNumber, copyright, price
FROM titles WHERE title LIKE ‘%How to Program’
ORDER BY title ASC
isbn title edition- copy- price
Number right
0130895601 Advanced Java 2 Platform How to Program 1 2002 69.95
0132261197 C How to Program 2 1994 49.95
0130895725 C How to Program 3 2001 69.95
0135289106 C++ How to Program 2 1998 49.95
0130895717 C++ How to Program 3 2001 69.95
0130161438 Internet and World Wide Web How to 1 2000 69.95
Program
0130284181 Perl How to Program 1 2001 69.95
0134569555 Visual Basic 6 How to Program 1 1999 69.95
0130284173 XML How to Program 1 2001 69.95
013028419x e-Business and e-Commerce How to 1 2001 69.95
Program
 Merging Data from Multiple Tables: Joining

• Join the tables

– Merge data from multiple tables into a single view
– SELECT fieldName1, fieldName2, …
FROM table1, table2
WHERE table1.fieldName = table2.fieldName
– SELECT firstName, lastName, isbn
FROM authors, authorISBN
WHERE authors.authorID = authorISBN.authorID
ORDER BY lastName, firstName
Merging Data from Multiple Tables: Joining (Cont.)
firstName lastName isbn firstName lastName isbn
Harvey Deitel 0130895601 Harvey Deitel 0130284173
Harvey Deitel 0130284181 Harvey Deitel 0130829293
Harvey Deitel 0134569555 Paul Deitel 0130852473
Harvey Deitel 0130829277 Paul Deitel 0138993947
Harvey Deitel 0130852473 Paul Deitel 0130125075
Harvey Deitel 0138993947 Paul Deitel 0130856118
Harvey Deitel 0130125075 Paul Deitel 0130161438
Harvey Deitel 0130856118 Paul Deitel 013028419x
Harvey Deitel 0130161438 Paul Deitel 0139163050
Harvey Deitel 013028419x Paul Deitel 0135289106
Harvey Deitel 0139163050 Paul Deitel 0130895717
Harvey Deitel 0135289106 Paul Deitel 0132261197
Harvey Deitel 0130895717 Paul Deitel 0130895725
Harvey Deitel 0132261197 Tem Nieto 0130284181
Harvey Deitel 0130895725 Tem Nieto 0130284173
Paul Deitel 0130895601 Tem Nieto 0130829293
Paul Deitel 0130284181 Tem Nieto 0134569555
Paul Deitel 0130284173 Tem Nieto 0130856118
Paul Deitel 0130829293 Tem Nieto 0130161438
Paul Deitel 0134569555 Tem Nieto 013028419x
Paul Deitel 0130829277 Sean Santry 0130895601
 INSERT INTO Statement

• Insert a new record into a table

– INSERT INTO tableName ( fieldName1, … , fieldNameN )
VALUES ( value1, … , valueN )
• INSERT INTO authors ( firstName, lastName )
VALUES ( ‘Sue’, ‘Smith’ )
authorID firstName lastName
1 Harvey Deitel
2 Paul Deitel
3 Tem Nieto
4 Sean Santry
5 Sue Smith
 UPDATE Statement

• Modify data in a table

– UPDATE tableName
SET fieldName1 = value1, … , fieldNameN = valueN
WHERE criteria
• UPDATE authors
SET lastName = ‘Jones’
WHERE lastName = ‘Smith’ AND firstName = ‘Sue’

authorID firstName lastName

1 Harvey Deitel
2 Paul Deitel
3 Tem Nieto
4 Sean Santry
5 Sue Jones
 DELETE FROM Statement

• Remove data from a table

– DELETE FROM tableName WHERE criteria
• DELETE FROM authors
WHERE lastName = ‘Jones’ AND firstName = ‘Sue’

authorID firstName lastName

1 Harvey Deitel
2 Paul Deitel
3 Tem Nieto
4 Sean Santry
 Seven Basic Steps in
Using JDBC
1. Load the driver
2. Define the Connection URL
3. Establish the Connection
4. Create a Statement object
5. Execute a query
6. Process the results
7. Close the connection
 JDBC: Details of Process

1. Load the driver

try {
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
Class.forName("org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver");
} catch { ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
System.out.println("Error loading driver: " cnfe);
}

2. Define the Connection URL

String host = "dbhost.yourcompany.com";
String dbName = "someName";
int port = 1234;
String oracleURL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@" + host +
":" + port + ":" + dbName;
String mysqlURL = "jdbc:mysql://" + host +
":" + port + "/" + dbName;
 JDBC: Details of Process, cont.

3. Establish the Connection

String username = "jay_debesee";
String password = "secret";
Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection(oracleURL,
username,
password);

• Optionally, look up information about the database

DatabaseMetaData dbMetaData =
connection.getMetaData();
String productName =
dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductName();
System.out.println("Database: " + productName);
String productVersion =
dbMetaData.getDatabaseProductVersion();
System.out.println("Version: " + productVersion);
 JDBC: Details of Process, cont.

4. Create a Statement
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();

5. Execute a Query
String query = "SELECT col1, col2, col3 FROM
sometable";
ResultSet resultSet = statement.executeQuery(query);

– To modify the database, use executeUpdate,

supplying a string that uses UPDATE, INSERT, or
DELETE
– Use setQueryTimeout to specify a maximum delay to
wait for results
 JDBC: Details of Process, cont.

6. Process the Result

while(resultSet.next()) {
System.out.println(resultSet.getString(1) + " " +
resultSet.getString(2) + " " +
resultSet.getString(3));
}
– First column has index 1, not 0
– ResultSet provides various getXxx methods that take
a column index or name and returns the data
7. Close the Connection
connection.close();

– As opening a connection is expensive, postpone this step if

additional database operations are expected
 Basic JDBC Example
import java.sql.*;

public class TestDB {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// Use driver from Connect SW.

String driver = "connect.microsoft.MicrosoftDriver";
try {
Class.forName(driver);
String url = "jdbc:ff-microsoft://" + // FastForward
"dbtest.apl.jhu.edu:1433/" + // Host:port
"pubs"; // Database name
String user = "sa", password="";

Connection connection =
DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
String query =
"SELECT col1, col2, col3 FROM testDB";

// Execute query and save results.

ResultSet results = statement.executeQuery(query);
 Basic JDBC Example, cont.
// Print column names.
String divider = "-----+------+-----";
System.out.println("Col1 | Col2 | Col3\n" + divider);

// Print results
while(results.next()) {
System.out.println
(pad(results.getString(1), 4) + " | " +
pad(results.getString(2), 4) + " | " +
results.getString(3) + "\n" + divider);
}
connection.close();
} catch(ClassNotFoundException cnfe) {
System.out.println("No such class: " + driver);
} catch(SQLException se) {
System.out.println("SQLException: " + se);
}
}
...