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Definition of A Triangle

The document defines and describes properties of triangles, including: - A triangle is a three-sided polygon bounded by three line segments. It has three vertices, three sides, and three interior angles. - There are several formulas to calculate a triangle's area based on its sides and angles. - A triangle has three interior angle bisectors, three altitudes, three medians, and three perpendicular bisectors that all intersect at specific points within or on the triangle. - Properties of a triangle like sides, vertices, angles, altitudes, bases, medians, angle bisectors, and perpendicular bisectors are defined. Formulas to calculate some of these are also provided.

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Kenny Cantila
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213 views4 pages

Definition of A Triangle

The document defines and describes properties of triangles, including: - A triangle is a three-sided polygon bounded by three line segments. It has three vertices, three sides, and three interior angles. - There are several formulas to calculate a triangle's area based on its sides and angles. - A triangle has three interior angle bisectors, three altitudes, three medians, and three perpendicular bisectors that all intersect at specific points within or on the triangle. - Properties of a triangle like sides, vertices, angles, altitudes, bases, medians, angle bisectors, and perpendicular bisectors are defined. Formulas to calculate some of these are also provided.

Uploaded by

Kenny Cantila
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Definition of a Triangle

Triangle is a closed figure bounded by three straight lines called sides. It can also be defined as polygon of three sides.

Area of Triangle

The area of the triangle is given by the following formulas:

Given the base and the altitude

Given two sides and included angle

√
Given three sides (Hero’s Formula)

Given one side and three angles

Centers of a Triangle

Incenter Incenter is the center of the inscribed circle (incircle) of


the triangle; it is the point of intersection of the angle
bisectors of the triangle.

Radius of incircle:

Circumcenter Circumcenter is the point of intersection


of perpendicular bisectors of the triangle. It is also the
center of the circumscribing circle (circumcircle)

Radius of the circumscribing circle:

Orthocenter Orthocenter of the triangle is the point of intersection


of the altitudes. Like circumcenter, it can be inside or
outside the triangle

Centroid The point of intersection of the medians is the centroid


of the triangle. Centroid is the geometric center of a
plane figure.
Euler Line The line that would pass through the orthocenter,
circumcenter, and centroid of the triangle is called the
Euler line.

Properties of a Triangle

Side Side of a triangle is a line segment that connects two


vertices. Triangle has three sides, it is denoted by a, b,
and c in the figure below
Vertex Vertex is the point of intersection of two sides of
triangle. The three vertices of the triangle are denoted
by A, B, and C in the figure below. Notice that the
opposite of vertex A is side a, opposite to vertex B is
side B, and opposite to vertex C is side c
Included Angle Included angle is the angle subtended by two sides at
or Vertex Angle the vertex of the triangle. It is also called vertex angle.
For convenience, each included angle has the same
notation to that of the vertex, ie. angle A is the included
angle at vertex A, and so on. The sum of the included
angles of the triangle is always equal to 180°

Altitude, h Altitude is a line from vertex perpendicular to the


opposite side. The altitudes of the triangle will intersect
at a common point called orthocenter.

If sides a, b, and c are known, solve one of the angles


using Cosine Law then solve the altitude of the triangle
by functions of a right triangle. If the area of the
triangle At is known, the following formulas are useful
in solving for the altitudes.

Base The base of the triangle is relative to which altitude is


being considered. Figure below shows the bases of the
triangle and its corresponding altitude.

 If hA is taken as altitude then side a is the base.


 If hB is taken as altitude then side b is the base.
 If hC is taken as altitude then side c is the base.
Median, m Median of the triangle is a line from vertex to the
midpoint of the opposite side. A triangle has three
medians, and these three will intersect at the centroid.
The figure below shows the median through A denoted
by mA.

Given three sides of the triangle, the median can be


solved by two steps.

 Solve for one included angle, say angle C,


using Cosine Law. From the figure above, solve
for C in triangle ABC.
 Using triangle ADC, determine the median
through A by Cosine Law.

The formulas below, though not recommended, can be


used to solve for the length of the medians.

Where mA, mB, and mC are medians through A, B,


and C, respectively.

Angle Bisector Angle bisector of a triangle is a line that divides one


included angle into two equal angles. It is drawn from
vertex to the opposite side of the triangle. Since there
are three included angles of the triangle, there are also
three angle bisectors, and these three will intersect at
the incenter. The figure shown below is the bisector of
angle A, its length from vertex A to side a is denoted
as bA.

The length of angle bisectors is given by the following


formulas:

where s=12(a+b+c)s=12(a+b+c) called the semi-


perimeter and bA, bB, and bC are bisectors of
angles A, B, and C, respectively. The given formulas
are not worth memorizing for if you are given three
sides, you can easily solve the length of angle bisectors
by using the Cosine and Sine Laws.
Perpendicular
Bisector
Perpendicular bisector of the triangle is a perpendicular
line that crosses through midpoint of the side of the
triangle. The three perpendicular bisectors are worth
noting for it intersects at the center of the
circumscribing circle of the triangle. The point of
intersection is called the circumcenter. The figure
below shows the perpendicular bisector through side b.

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