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Laboratory Manual: Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran (Mohali)

This document provides information about welding processes and techniques used in a welding shop. It describes common welding joints like lap joints and butt joints. It outlines different edge preparations and welding positions. The document also provides the objective, equipment, and procedures for making butt, lap, and corner joints using arc welding. Key equipment includes an air cooled transformer, electrodes, electrode holder, ground clamp, and chipping hammer. The procedure involves marking, cutting, edge preparation, tacking, welding, cooling, and cleaning. Precautions and potential sources of error are also noted.

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Jay Pandey
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48 views9 pages

Laboratory Manual: Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran (Mohali)

This document provides information about welding processes and techniques used in a welding shop. It describes common welding joints like lap joints and butt joints. It outlines different edge preparations and welding positions. The document also provides the objective, equipment, and procedures for making butt, lap, and corner joints using arc welding. Key equipment includes an air cooled transformer, electrodes, electrode holder, ground clamp, and chipping hammer. The procedure involves marking, cutting, edge preparation, tacking, welding, cooling, and cleaning. Precautions and potential sources of error are also noted.

Uploaded by

Jay Pandey
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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LABORATORY

MANUAL

WELDING SHOP
(BTMP-101-18)
B.Tech. 1st Year- 1st/2nd Semester
Branch: CSE/IT/ECE/ME

Chandigarh Engineering College, Landran


(Mohali)
CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LANDRAN, MOHALI

WELDING SHOP

Welding is a process for joining two similar or dissimilar metals by fusion. It joins different
metals/alloys, with or without the application of pressure and with or without the use of filler
metal. The fusion of metal takes place by means of heat. The heat may be generated either from
combustion of gases, electric arc, electric resistance or by chemical reaction.
Welding provides a permanent joint but it normally affects the metallurgy of the components. It is
therefore usually accompanied by post weld heat treatment for most of the critical components.
The welding is widely used as a fabrication and repairing process in industries. Some of the
typical applications of welding include the fabrication of ships, pressure vessels, automobile
bodies, off-shore platform, bridges, welded pipes, sealing of nuclear fuel and explosives, etc.

EDGE PREPARATIONS

For welding the edges of joining surfaces of metals are prepared first. Different edge preparations
may be used for welding butt joints, which are given in Figure.

WELDING JOINTS
Some common welding joints are shown in Figure. Welding joints are of generally of two major
kinds namely lap joint and butt joint. The main types are described as under:-

1. Lap welds joint

2. Butt weld joint


1. LAP WELD JOINT:

SINGLE-LAP JOINT
This joint, made by overlapping the edges of the plate, is not recommended for most work. The
single lap has very little resistance to bending. It can be used satisfactorily for joining two
cylinders that fit inside one another.

DOUBLE-LAP JOINT
This is stronger than the single-lap joint but has the disadvantage that it requires twice as much
welding.
CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LANDRAN, MOHALI

TEE FILLET WELD


This type of joint, although widely used, should not be employed if an alternative design is
possible

2. BUTT WELD JOINT


a. SINGLE-VEE BUTT WELD

It is used for plates up to 15.8 mm thick. The angle of the vee depends upon the technique
being used, the plates being spaced approximately 3.2 mm.

b. DOUBLE-VEE BUTT WELD


It is used for plates over 13 mm thick when the welding can be performed on both sides of the
plate. The top vee angle is either 60° or 80°, while the bottom angle is 80°, depending on the
technique being used.

WELDING POSITIONS

As shown in below in figure there are four types of welding positions, which are given as:
a. Flat or down hand position
b. Horizontal position
c. Vertical position
d. Overhead position
CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LANDRAN, MOHALI

FLAT OR DOWN-HAND WELDING POSITION


The flat position or down hand position is one in which the welding is performed from the upper
side of the joint and the face of the weld is approximately horizontal.

HORIZONTAL WELDING POSITION


In horizontal position, the plane of the work piece is vertical and the deposited weld head is
horizontal.
This position of welding is most commonly used in welding vessels and reservoirs.

VERTICAL WELDING POSITION


In vertical position, the plane of the work-piece is vertical and the weld is deposited upon a
vertical surface. It is difficult to produce satisfactory welds in this position due to the effect of the
force of gravity on the molten metal.
CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LANDRAN, MOHALI

JOB

OBJECTIVE: -
To make a Butt joint, Lap joint, Corner joint using the given two M.S pieces by arc
welding

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP/EQUIPMENT/APPARATUS/TOOLS: -
Air cooled transformer Voltage-80 to 600 V 3 phase supply, amps up to 350
Tools and Accessories required:
1. Rough and smooth files.
CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LANDRAN, MOHALI

2. Protractor
3. Arc welding machine (transformer type)
4. Mild steel electrode and electrode holder
5. Ground clamp
6. Tongs
7. Face shield
8. Apron
9. Chipping hammer

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE-
Sequence of operations:
1. Marking
2. Cutting
3. Edge preparation (Removal of rust, scale etc.) by filling
4. Try square leveling
5. Tacking
6. Welding
7. Cooling
8. Chipping
9. Cleaning

PROCEDURE:
1. The given M.S pieces are thoroughly cleaned of rust and scale.
2. One edge of each piece is believed, to an angle of 300, leaving nearly ¼ th of the flat
thickness, at one end.
3. The two pieces are positioned on the welding table such that, they are separated slightly for
better penetration of the weld.
4. The electrode is fitted in the electrode holder and the welding current is ser to be a proper
value.
5. The ground clamp is fastened to the welding table.
6. The scale formation on the welds is removed by using the chipping hammer.
7. Filling is done to remove any spanner around the weld.

PRECAUTION AND SOURCES OF ERROR:


1. The instrument should be handled with due care an preserved carefully
CHANDIGARH ENGINEERING COLLEGE, LANDRAN, MOHALI

RELATED SHORT QUESTION:

1. What are the different types of joints in welding shop?


2. Name any five important welding processes.
3. Name the equipment’s used for Arc welding
4. What is electrode coating?
5. What is the current range of an electric arc welding set?
6. Which types of electrode?

APPROVED BY: - PREPARED BY:-

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT LAB INCHARGE

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