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hw1 Soln

1. The document contains solutions to homework problems from MATH 33A Spring 2021. Section 1.2 solves population models and finds equilibrium solutions. Section 1.3 solves differential equations, including finding a piecewise solution and determining when a solution satisfies the given equation. 2. Section 1.3 problem 2 involves using product and chain rules to determine an expression for y'(t) in terms of y(t). The solution is g(t) = 1/t + 2t. 3. Also in Section 1.3, problem 3 substitutes an expression into a differential equation to find the corresponding function h(y) such that h(e2t) = t. The solution is h

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56 views3 pages

hw1 Soln

1. The document contains solutions to homework problems from MATH 33A Spring 2021. Section 1.2 solves population models and finds equilibrium solutions. Section 1.3 solves differential equations, including finding a piecewise solution and determining when a solution satisfies the given equation. 2. Section 1.3 problem 2 involves using product and chain rules to determine an expression for y'(t) in terms of y(t). The solution is g(t) = 1/t + 2t. 3. Also in Section 1.3, problem 3 substitutes an expression into a differential equation to find the corresponding function h(y) such that h(e2t) = t. The solution is h

Uploaded by

周瑞濬
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH 33A, SPRING 2021

HOMEWORK 1 SOLUTIONS

Section 1.2
1. (a) The population model
 
dP P
= 0.2P 1−
dt 135
is in equilibrium when the right-hand side f (P ) equals zero, i.e., for
P = 0, or P = 135.

(b) The population is increasing when f (P ) > 0. That happens when 0 < P < 135.

(c) The carrying capacity is N = 135.

(d) It follows from the discussion in the Lecture Notes, that population converges to the
carrying capacity for all P > 0. 

2. (a) Let
f (y) = y 3 + 3y 2 − 10y.
Factoring we obtain
f (y) = y(y − 2)(y + 5).
So f (y) = 0 if and only if y = 0, 2, −5. Thus the equilibrium solutions are

y0 (t) = 0, y− (t) = −5, and y+ (t) = 2.

(b) Since f (y) = y(y − 2)(y + 5) > 0 if and only if −5 < y < 0 or y > 2, y(t) is increasing
for −5 < y < 0 and y > 2.

(c) Since f (y) = y(y − 2)(y + 5) < 0 if and only if y < −5 or 0 < y < 2, y(t) is decreasing
for y < −5 and 0 < y < 2. 

3. (a) The rate of change of I(t) should be directly proportional to I(t) and negative. The
equation is therefore
dI
= −λI.
dt
The initial-value problem is
dI
= −λI, I(0) = I0 .
dt
4. First of all, the unique solution to the IVP in the previous problem is
I(t) = I0 e−λt . (1)
1
2

1
(a) Let th denote the half-life. Then I(th ) = I0 , so (1) gives
2
1
I0 = I0 e−λth .
2
Dividing both sides by I0 , taking the natural log of both sides and solving for th , we obtain
ln 2
th = .
λ
(b) Using the formula obtained in (a), we obtain

ln 2 ln 2
λ= = ≈ 0.0001325.
th 5230
(c) Let T denote the time since death. Then I(T ) = 0.35I0 . Using (1), we obtain
0.35I0 = I0 e−λT .
Solving for T as in part (a), we obtain
ln 0.35 ln 0.35
T =− ≈− ≈ 7, 923 years. 
λ 0.0001325

Section 1.3
1. If t < 0, then z(t) = 0, which clearly satisfies the equation z 0 = 3z 2/3 . If t > 0, then
z(t) = t3 , which also satisfies the same equation since
z 0 (t) = 3t2 = 3z(t)2/3 .
It remains to verify the equation when t = 0. Since z(0) = 0, we need to show that z 0 (0)
also equals zero. Because of the piecewise definition, we need to compute the one-sided
0 (0) and z 0 (0). We have:
derivatives z− +

0 z(h) − z(0) 0−0


z− (0) = lim = lim = 0,
h→0− h h→0− h
and
0 z(h) − z(0) h3
z+ (0) = lim = lim = lim h2 = 0.
h→0+ h h→0+ h h→0
0 0 0
Since z− (0) = z+ (0) = 0, z (0) exists and equals 0. Therefore, z(t) satisfies the equation
also at t = 0. Thus, z(t) is indeed a solution to z 0 = 3z 2/3 . 

2. By the product and chain rules we have:


2
y 0 (t) = (tet )0
2 2
= et + 2t2 et
 
1 2
= + 2t tet
t
 
1
= + 2t y(t).
t
3

Therefore,
1
g(t) = + 2t.
t
3. Substituting y(t) = e2t into the equation and using (e2t )0 = 2e2t , we obtain:
2e2t = 2e2t − t + h(e2t ),
which is equivalent to
h(e2t ) = t.
So we need a function h such that h(e2t ) = t. To obtain t from e2t we need to take the
natural log of e2t and divide by 2. Therefore,
1
h(y) = ln y.
2

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